Abstract This article analyzes the processability and properties of sheet products made of a large grade 1580 alloy ingot with a lower scandium content in the range of its specifications. The processability of the ingot upon hot and cold rolling are estimated and the influence of percent reduction and annealing modes on properties of cold-rolled semifinished products from the alloy under consideration

Abstract Microstructure of ceramic coatings formed on commercially pure aluminum by plasma electrolytic oxidation using different amounts of sodium silicate was studied. Analysis of chemical composition and microhardness measurements of the coatings were carried out to characterize the morphology of the coatings. The addition of sodium silicate (1–3 g/L) increased the thickness about 8 orders of magnitude

Abstract The synthesis and sintering of the (AlN)x(SiC)1 – x solid solution have been studied under conditions of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) gasostating at high nitrogen gas pressures (up to 110 MPa). The phase formation during the combustion of mixtures of aluminum and silicon carbide with a different amount of Al (from 35 to 60 wt %) is studied. It is shown that the optimal

Abstract This paper presents the results of research on the synthesis of aluminum alloys of the Al–Si–Mg (Ak7ch), Al–Si–Mn (AK12), Al–Si–Cu–Mg (AK6M2), and Al–Mg–Mn (AMg5) systems using dispersed waste: beverage cans (Al–Mn–Mg system), sawdust of a cast alloy (Al–Si–Mg system), and twisted chips of deformable alloys of the Al–Cu–Mg and Al–Mg–Mn systems. A study of the microstructure of waste in the

Abstract The analysis of the influence exerted by the deformation techniques on the conditions of radial-shear rolling (RSR) of commercial purity aluminum A1050 is carried out. Based on finite-element modeling (FEM), the temperature change at various feed angles and elongation in the first and last passes is obtained. The increase in feed angle slightly raises the temperature variations in the surface

The results of domestic and foreign investigations into the laser surfacing of coatings containing a strengthening carbide phase, as well as metallographic and tribological investigations of coatings by alloy powders of the Ni–Cr–B–Si system, including the addition of nanodispersed titanium and tungsten carbide particles, are presented. Values of the wear resistance coefficient (Kw) of coatings during

Abstract This work is devoted to the fabrication of heterophase powdered and sintered ceramics based on the hafnium diboride and silicon carbide by means of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and hot pressing (HP). The structure of SHS-powders consists of hafnium diboride grains and agglomerated polyhedral 2–6 μm silicon carbide grains. The produced composite powders are characterized

Abstract It is found that when a tungsten anode is electrochemically dissolved in a acidic fluorides of alkali metals (K,Na)H2F3 and hydrogen fluoride at a temperature of t ~ 37°C, the resulting atomic fluorine reacts completely with tungsten to form WF6. The latter dissolves in the melt, forming complex compounds (K,Na)2WF8 and (K,Na)WF7, which is accompanied by an increase in the melting point of

Abstract The main trends in the modern development of magnetic microelectronics are miniaturization and operation speed, while ensuring efficient operation in the MHz and GHz frequency ranges of magnetic fields. Creating new magnetic materials characterized by properties providing these trends is the most important fundamental and applied problem of materials science. In this regard, nanocrystalline

The results of investigations into the organization of the synthesis of silicon carbide fibers in the gas phase using silicon powder, an energy additive of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyethylene (PE) powder by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) are presented. Mixtures of the stoichiometric composition are used for experiments. Charge components are mixed in a drum with 3 L

Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) in the Ni–Al–Ti–B system has been carried out. The aim of the study is to obtain, in one process step, a composite material with a ceramic and intermetallic framework and a developed porous structure in combustion mode from the boron–titanium–large nickel-clad aluminum granules powder system pressed by successive batch compaction method. The synthesis

The results of studying the fine structure, chemical composition, and phase composition of boundaries between components of the Cr3C2–Ti hard alloy containing 40 wt % titanium binder in the state after the explosion compaction, as well as after heat treatment, are presented. The heating temperature of the powder mixture during the shock-wave loading is 730°C and the pressure is 14 GPa, which provides

Abstract The optimization of characteristics of pyrolytic chromium carbide coatings (PCCCs) for various fields of industry is discussed. The scope of PCCC application involves the protection of the surface of various details and units made from different materials against corrosion, sticking, high temperatures, and various types of wear. Such versatility of PCCCs is caused in particular by their structural

Abstract Using scanning electron microscopy (EDS analysis), magnetic force microscopy, and nanoindentation, a metallographic study of the magnetic structure and nanomechanical properties of sintered rare-earth magnets Nd–Dy–Fe–B of the USC-20L brand has been carried out (Ural Strip Casting Technology). The microstructure of the sintered Nd–Dy–Fe–B magnet of the USC-20L grade includes the following

Cobalt-containing ultramarine spinel-type pigments are fabricated in the ZnO–MgO–CoO–Al(OH)3–Al system by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). the initial components are oxides of cobalt (Co3O4) and zinc (ZnO), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate (Mg(NO3)2 · 6H2O). An aluminum powder of the ASD-4 brand is used as the reducer metal. The synthesis is performed

Abstract Aluminide coatings deposited by CVD method on CMSX-4 superalloy, modified by palladium and zirconium or hafnium as well as non-modified and palladium modified ones on pure nickel have been studied using positron annihilation spectroscopy. The positron lifetime values and the positron effective diffusion length in the coatings studied point out trapping of positrons in defects associated with

This study covers the elemental synthesis features of Hf–Ta–B–Ti–Si ceramic materials used to obtain promising high-temperature ceramics and analyze its structure and properties. The macrokinetics of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) are studied. Combustion temperature and velocity as a function of initial temperature are plotted. It is established that chemical interactions occurring

Ta–Zr–Si–B–C–N coatings are obtained by magnetron sputtering in argon, nitrogen, and ethylene atmosphere. The structure of the coatings is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive and X-ray phase analysis. The mechanical properties of the coatings are determined by nanoindentation. Tribological tests are performed using a Tribometer automated testing machine under a load of 1

A high strain-rate rolling (HSRR) process was successfully used to produce a ZK60 magnesium alloy sheet with a strength-toughness balance. In one-pass rolling, as the rolling rate increases, the edge cracking of the sheets decreases and the grain size increases continuously, and the grain size ranges from 1.4 μm at 5 s–1 to 4.2 μm at 25 s–1. When the strain rate is 5 s–1, the tensile strength and elongation

Experimental and analytical investigations into the synthesis of the ceramic material based on the Ti–Al system with a nanodimensional porous structure are performed. The results of previous studies of the collective of authors show that it is reasonable to produce porous ceramic materials intended to filtrate liquids and gases in the thermal explosion mode (over the entire sample bulk) rather than

Abstract To fabricate Cu–Ti composite particles, the method of copper deposition from its sulfate solution on titanium powder particles with the simultaneous mechanical activation (MA) of the mixture in an AGO‑2 planetary ball mill for 5 min is used. The CuSO4 ⋅ 5H2O concentration in solutions is 10 and 16%, which provides molar ratio Cu/Ti = 0.85 and 1.36, respectively, with the complete reduction

Abstract Gold cementation kinetic features from cyanide solutions using zinc powders of various origins were studied. The first powder was obtained by distillation and is currently used in the vast majority of industries (traditional powder). The second powder was obtained by electrochemical reduction from alkaline solution (electrolytic powder). The main distinguishing feature of these powders is

Abstract This work is devoted to the preparation of powders of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 MAX phases by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) using the magnesium-thermal reduction from oxide feedstock. Oxide TiO2 is used as the titanium source, and magnesium is used as the reducing agent. Purification with the removal of magnesium oxide is performed in diluted hydrochloric acid at a temperature

Abstract Experiments on the high-energy surface treatment of a substrate made of St.3 structural steel by the flow of particles of tungsten, nickel, and titanium nitride particles are performed. The collision pressure of the particles accelerated by the explosion energy on a steel target is evaluated using the momentum conservation equation and linear equation of the impact adiabat of the particle

Abstract This article is devoted to the influence of sodium lignosulfonate (SL), anionic surfactants (sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS)), and their mixtures on the copper cementation rate by zinc. The results demonstrated a copper cementation rate decreasing at LS and SDBS concentrations increasing. Excessive zinc consumption was also detected on copper-ion cementation

Abstract A characteristic of obtaining metal powders by direct current electrolysis is changes in the morphology of particles over the loose deposit layer thickness up to the formation of large spherulites. Deposits should be periodically removed from the cathode in order to obtain a powder with homogeneous composition. This paper justifies the choice of the parameter describing the change in loose

Abstract This paper investigates the physicochemical characteristics and gas-sensitivity mechanisms of nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) obtained by levitation-jet synthesis LJS). Properties of synthesized materials were examined using various spectroscopic methods. XPS showed that the presence of Ni3+ ions in samples reduced significantly with an increase in the specific surface area

Abstract A new method is proposed for the engineering of SiC-based ceramic-matrix composite materials strengthened by discrete carbon fibers and single-crystal silicon carbide nanowires. Depending on the macrokinetic characteristics of the combustion process, either diffusion layers, particles of silicon carbide, or silicon carbide nanowires with a diameter of 10–50 nm and a length of 15–20 μm can

Abstract The microstructure and texture of 7075-T6 FSW weld with optimal parameters are investigated using optical microscopy, electron back scatter diffraction and neutron diffraction. The mechanical properties are characterized through microhardness, nanoindentation and ultrasonic tests. The friction stir welding is performed at a nominal rotational speed of 1400 rpm and a traverse speed of 60 mm/min

Abstract In this study, TiC-reinforced NiCrBSi matrix composite materials were produced using the hot pressing powder metallurgy (PM) technique. The effect of the addition of titanium carbide to NiCrBSi powder in different proportions (5, 10, and 20 wt %) on the microstructure, hardness, relative density, and wear properties of composites was investigated experimentally. NiCrBSi–TiC composites were

Abstract Nowadays prototyping and additive manufacturing of objects are the most promising trends of development. As opposed to more precise powder methods, particular attention has been given to faster wire techniques, which allow manufacturing of objects without pores. This work compares the influence of two wire techniques, electron beam additive manufacturing and cold metal transfer, on the structure

Abstract In this work, a thermodynamic study of zinc sulfide high temperature oxidative leaching was carried out. At the metals sulfides dissolution under oxidants action in acidic solutions several simultaneously proceeding reactions are possible. With the aim finding the proportion of potential reactions, a thermodynamic calculation was carried out using stoichiometric equations with equal oxidant

This paper presents an overview of the results of the application of metal-sprayed coatings to protect the outer surface of electric submersible pumps (ESP) from the effects of complicating factors in oil wells. The metal-sprayed coating is applied using hot spraying, and the choice of the method is based on the chemical composition, the materials that are used, and the properties of the finished coating

Abstract The use of both traditional powdered carbon materials (graphite, soot, charcoal, and shungite) and novel carbon nanomaterials (nanodiamonds, fullerene, nanotubes, and graphene) as a dispersed reinforcing phase in aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) and as reagents for the synthesis of reinforcing particles of titanium carbide (TiC) in AMCs is considered. It is noted that the main direction of

AbstractThe influence of titanium and titanium hydride additives on the structure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of copper alloys intended for use as a binder of the diamond cutting tool is investigated. Powder mixtures Cu–Ti and Cu–TiH2 are fabricated by mechanical alloying in a planetary centrifugal mill. Such treatment makes it possible to form single-phased powders of the copper-based

AbstractMulticomponent alloys without a base element, also known as highly entropic alloys (HEAs), are of great interest for research. The microstructure of the Fe20Ni20Co20Cu20Al20 alloy in a cast, annealed, and deformed state, as well as its mechanical properties and hot deformation ability, is investigated in this article. This alloy is a typical representative of the high-entropy alloy family.

Specific features of the morphological and structural characteristics of nanopowder particles fabricated by grinding bulk natural diamond and by detonation synthesis are investigated. It is shown by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and low-angle X-ray scattering that, in contrast with the detonation synthesis nanopowder, which consists of similar in size

AbstractA relatively new approach to obtaining metal materials containing several principal elements in equiatomic concentrations which look promising for replacing commercially used alloys is proposed. Such materials are called high-entropy alloys (HEAs). Studies show that HEAs tend to form a simple solid-solution structure and can also contain ordered intermetallic phases. Such a method of forming

AbstractThe stress-strain state has been studied for a flange of a semiproduct made of an aluminum–copper bimetal under drawing boxes rectangular in plan. These studies are carried out using a grid method, assuming that the material is isotropic and incompressible; the deformation within each cell is uniform; the deformation occurs monotonically; and the stressed state is plane and the deformed state

AbstractThe HfTaTiNbZr high-entropy alloy (HEA) of equimolar concentration is fabricated from powder components by high-energy ball milling (HEBM) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The treatment of the initial powders was performed in a planetary high-energy ball mill for 20, 40, 60, and 90 min. It is shown based on the studied surface morphology, microstructure, and phase composition of HEA samples

AbstractThe economic feasibility of applying aluminum as a conductor is explained by the favorable ratio of its cost (which has remained almost constant for many years) to the cost of copper. When using conducting aluminum alloys to fabricate thin wire, winding wire, etc., some difficulties can appear in connection with their insufficient strength and small number of kinks before fracture. In recent

Comparative investigations of the structural characteristics and functional properties of Ti–Al–Mo–N and Ti–Al–Mo–Ni–N coatings fabricated by the ion-plasma-vacuum-arc deposition (arc-PVD) method are performed to study the influence of nanostructuring nickel additives. Coatings have a multilayered architecture with alternating layers of titanium and molybdenum nitrides. The molybdenum concentration

The topicality and efficiency of applying a silicate-containing inorganic coating as an electric insulator when producing soft magnetic composite materials (SMCMs) from iron powders are substantiated. The influence of the sodium silicate (Na2O–SiO2) concentration in an aqueous solution on the formation kinetics of the dielectric coating on iron powders of various brands is shown as well as on their

The results of studying the possibility of fabricating the Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe composite materials by oxidation of the Pr–Fe–B alloy in a fluidized-bed jet mill are presented. It is shown that the use of the standard powder metallurgy technology supplemented by oxidation of the Pr–Fe–B alloy in a fluidized-bed jet mill for rare-earth magnetically hard materials (MHMs) makes it possible to fabricate Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe

AbstractComposite materials (CMs) exhibit high hardness, mechanical strength, and wear resistance, but their processing properties are limited. The most popular reinforcements for composites are carbides, nitrides, and oxides. Amorphous metallic materials are an alternative reinforced component. Metallic glass can provide increased properties due to higher interphase strength between their particles

AbstractThe rapid development of the alumina industry in China has led to the depletion of high-quality bauxite resources. The proposed calcification-carbonation method (CCM) can convert the middle silicon of bauxite into CaO · SiO2 and CaCO3, thus enabling clean and efficient utilization of low-grade resources. Since kaolinite is the main silicon-bearing mineral in low-grade bauxite, the transformation

AbstractSingle- and double-layer coatings on 40Cr steel substrates have been obtained by electrospark alloying (ESA) and a combination of ESA technology and pulsed cathodic arc evaporation (PCAE) using TiCNiCr and TiCNiCr–Dy2O3 electrodes. The electrodes are obtained by powder metallurgy. The structure and elemental and phase composition of the electrodes and coatings are studied using scanning electron

Electron beam melting (EBM) is a powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (AM) technique that produces three-dimensional (3D) parts by fusing metallic powders with a high-energy electron beam. Powder has been major issue for the properties of the final parts. Hence, establishing the effect of powder properties on the final product properties is important for producing parts of quality. In this study

AbstractDifferent stresses can occur in the carbon cathodes due to melting and penetration of sodium during aluminum electrolysis. Under high temperatures and elevated stress, carbon blocks experience primary creep, which can be extended to the secondary and tertiary creep stages. It is quite necessary to characterize the creep behavior of carbon cathodes. Therefore, uniaxial compressive creep testing

Rolling bearing rings comprise a large reserve for expanding powder metallurgy production. This reserve is being incompletely implemented. The hot forging of porous preforms makes it possible to produce high-density materials for the fabrication heavy loaded wares, in particular, rolling bearing rings. The problem of fabricating hot-forged bearing rings is associated with the presence of a large amount

This paper presents the results of obtaining and studying the structure and properties of cermets based on powders of aluminum oxide and nickel–aluminum alloy doped with 0.1 wt % of aluminum–magnesium spinel nanoparticles sintered by the electrospark method on a FCT-HP D 25 unit in argon at t = 1470°C for 30 min. The results of the NiAl–65Al2O3 charge TG and DSC analysis at up to 1300°C are presented

AbstractThe composition and crystal structure of compounds produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) from the 5Ta–2Ni–3Al (at %) powder mixture followed by vacuum remelting at 3000°C are studied. The SHS product contains the following phases: TaNiAl (Laves τ1 phase), NiAl, Ni2Al3, and Ta. Its microstructure includes Ta85Ni7Al8, Ta52Ni20Al28, and Ta53Ni25Al22 ternary phases according

AbstractThe effect of the structure of the initial charge density in liquid and solid states, as well as on the temperature–time parameters of the process of solidification of the AK6M2 alloy (Al–6% Si–2% Cu), is shown. To obtain a coarse-crystal charge (C charge), part of the melt is crystallized in ceramic forms in a sand backfill with a cooling rate of ~0.5–1.0°C/s. The fine-crystal charge (F charge)

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the AZ31 alloy powder production and characterization processes experimentally using the gas atomization method. For this purpose, firstly, the design and production of gas atomization units were done at Karabük University Faculty of Technology Department of Manufacturing Engineering. In this gas atomization unit, the manufacturability of AZ31 powder

AbstractTajikistan has a large volume of gold-containing dumps, which on conversion to gold equals ~18 t. These dumps are products of amalgamation and cyanidation processes, resulting from treating the ores from Tarorskoe, one of the largest deposits in Tajikistan, and from a few other nearby deposits: Dzhilau, Khirskhon, and Olimpiiskoe. The mineralogical composition of the dumps is represented primarily

In this paper, a new type of copper (Cu) matrix graphite composite was successfully prepared, which was reinforced with titanium nitride particles (TNPs) using powder metallurgy. These composites contained 2 wt % graphite as the lubricating phase and 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 wt % TNPs as the reinforcing phase. The effects of different TNP contents on composite properties and the composites' wear mechanism

AbstractNanostructured mechanical composites of immiscible metals Cu, Cr, and 5–70 wt % W; nanostructured consolidated materials based on them; and Cu/Cu–Cr–W nanostructured gradient material with various W contents are fabricated in this work by combining short-term (up to 150 min) high-energy ball milling (HEBM) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). To fabricate Cu–Cr–W mechanical composites, HEBM of

AbstractElectron probe microanalysis (EPMA) has been used to obtain concentration curves and calculate the bulk diffusion coefficients of Sn in solid solutions of the copper–tin system in a tin concentration range of less than 13.9% weight (7.96 at %) and temperature range from 500 to 650°C. Diffusion couples are made from pure Cu (99.995%) and a two-component alloy of Cu with chemically pure Sn by

Single β-type Mg–12Li and Mg–12Li–1Al (wt %) alloy sheets were prepared by casting, followed by cold rolling. Microstructure and texture analysis were carried out on the alloy samples using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometry, and microhardness testing. The results indicated that cold-rolled alloys exhibited elongated grains in rolling direction with many slip lines

It is known that materials based on MAX phases possess a large potential for use in aerospace, automobile, and industrial spheres because they have a unique combination of features of both metals and ceramics with high mechanical, chemical, thermal, and electrical properties. In this work, the experimental results of fabricating cast materials in the Cr–Al–C system with different ratios between the