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Douglas fir bark: composition, extracts utilization and enzymatic treatment for enrichment of bioactive constituents Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Lukas Sommerauer, Matthew Konkler, Gerald Presley, Thomas Schnabel, Alexander Petutschnigg, Barbara Hinterstoisser
Bark residues from Douglas fir are an abundant resource that is currently used primarily in low-value energy recovery or is landfilled. Bark extractives are rich in diverse compounds like terpenes, fatty acids, phenols, and sugars with potential uses in a variety of high value applications. The study explores the potential of enzymatic hydrolysis to improve phenolic compounds from Douglas fir bark
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Synthesis of hydrophobic biopolyesters from depolymerized Pinus radiata bark suberin Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Helena C. Quilter, Regis Risani, Suzanne Gallagher, Michael Robertson, Armin Thumm, Hayden P. Thomas, Robert Abbel
The bark of Pinus radiata offers an underutilized source of high-value renewable chemicals such as extractable polyphenols and lipophilic compounds (waxes and suberin). Here, the depolymerization and extraction of suberin from P. radiata bark and its repolymerization to form novel polyesters are reported. Three different strategies were evaluated for repolymerization of the suberin monomers, with starting
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Resistance against fungal decay of Scots pine sapwood modified with phenol-formaldehyde resins with substitution of phenol by lignin pyrolysis products Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Johannes Karthäuser, Andreas Treu, Erik Larnøy, Holger Militz, Gry Alfredsen
Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins can be impregnated and cured in situ to improve the woods dimensional stability and decay resistance. In search of renewable alternatives, the substitution of phenol by lignin cleavage products (LCP) has been discussed. However, the different chemical nature may affect the performance of the resin against fungal decay, formaldehyde emission, and equilibrium moisture
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Shrinkage of poplar and radiata pine wood after treatment with sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Thi Tham Nguyen, Cong Chi Tran, Thi Vinh Khanh Nguyen, Trong Kien Nguyen, Zefang Xiao, Yanjun Xie
Chemical modification is an efficient strategy for improving wood quality; however, for some fast-grown wood species unwanted shrinkage occur upon treatment with alkaline solution. This study was devised to reveal the shrinkage behavior of poplar and radiata pine woods treated with 5, 10, 15 and 20 % alkaline sodium silicate (SS) solutions. Wood treated with sodium hydroxide (SH) solution adjusting
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The glass transition temperature of isolated native, residual, and technical lignin Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Åke Henrik-Klemens, Fabio Caputo, Roujin Ghaffari, Gunnar Westman, Ulrica Edlund, Lisbeth Olsson, Anette Larsson
The glass transition temperatures (T g) of native, residual, and technical lignins are important to lignocellulose pulping, pulp processing and side stream utilization; however, how the structural changes from native to residual and technical lignin influences T g has proven difficult to elucidate. Since the T g of macromolecules is greatly influenced by the molecular weight, low-molecular-weight fractions
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Inter- and intra-growth ring variations of wood carbon fractions in Pinus tabuliformis Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Yupei Wei, Chang Zheng, Lingyu Ma, Xiaomei Jiang, Yafang Yin, Juan Guo
Carbon fraction (CF) of trees is essential for quantifying forest carbon (C) stocks. Considerable attention has been paid to CF variations at various levels with the exception of inter- and intra-growth rings. Herein, the inter- and intra-growth ring variation of CF in Pinus tabuliformis was investigated. Elemental analysis was performed to obtain CF values of the earlywood and latewood in each growth
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Short-term hygro-mechanical behaviour of lime wood (Tilia cordata) in principal anatomical directions Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Daniel Konopka, Benjamin Grohmann, Jens Gecks, Wolfram Scheiding, Michael Kaliske
The hygroscopic and moisture-dependent mechanical characteristics of small-leaved lime wood (Tilia cordata) were investigated experimentally. This study includes sorption, swelling and shrinkage experiments, as well as tension and compression tests in the three principal anatomical directions at four relative humidity levels. Four sample groups from trees of three different locations in Germany were
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Decay resistance of southern pine wood containing varying amounts of resin against Fomitopsis ostreiformis (Berk.) T. Hatt. Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Babar Hassan, Lesley Francis, R. Andrew Hayes, Maryam Shirmohammadi
Resin production in wood tissues is a regular feature of pine wood species, including southern pine. High resin contents of southern pine wood may increase wood resistance against decay fungi. The current study investigated the effect of resin contents in southern pine wood on decay resistance by exposing non-extracted heartwood, mixed wood (sapwood + heartwood), and sapwood blocks with varying resin
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Elm wood (Ulmus rubra) vacuum drying at 40 °C studied by time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Rui Tan, Zhihong Zhao, Wenjing Liu, Shuang Wu, Minghui Zhang
The time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) technique was employed to distinguish various water states, and the moisture migration during Elm wood (Ulmus rubra) heartwood vacuum drying was quantitatively analyzed. The transverse relaxation time (T2) was employed to establish the correlation between drying time and moisture migration. Additionally, the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) was utilized
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Effect of indented growth rings on spruce wood mechanical properties and subsequent violin dynamics Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Romain Viala, Jérémy Cabaret, Marjan Sedighi-Gilani, Vincent Placet, Scott Cogan
In this study, the influence of “bear claw” or indented growth ring anatomical patterns on the vibro-mechanical behavior of spruce wood have been investigated, particularly in the context of utilizing these singularities/specific features for the construction of violins. By employing vibrometry and modal analysis followed by finite element model updating, the vibro-mechanical properties (specific stiffness
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Influence of habitat, density, lignin structure, and extraction treatment on thermal-softening properties of water-swollen wood: a study of 87 wood specimens Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Yuka Miyoshi, Hisashi Abe, Hiroaki Horiyama, Keisuke Kojiro, Yuzo Furuta
This study aims to reveal the diversity of thermal-softening temperatures and identify the factors that determine this temperature. To achieve this, the thermal-softening properties of the radial direction of wood were measured under water-saturated conditions for 15 softwood and 72 hardwood specimens. Wood samples were obtained from the xylarium of the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
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Synthesis of β-O-4 linked model oligolignol with a selectively deuterium-labelled methoxy group at the phenolic terminal unit Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-14 Taiki Nishimoto, Kyoka Takagi, Dan Aoki, Kazuhiko Fukushima, Yasuyuki Matsushita
A lignin model oligomer with only β-O-4 linkages and a selectively deuterium-labelled methoxy group at the phenolic terminal units was synthesised to clarify the behaviour of the phenolic end of oligolignols. First, t-butoxycarbonylmethyl vanillin was synthesised and oligomerised by nucleophilic addition, a known method. The terminal of the oligomers was then subjected to nucleophilic addition to [3-OCD3]benzyl
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Structure, flexibility and hydration properties of lignin dimers studied with Molecular Dynamics simulations Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Klara Hackenstrass, Merima Hasani, Malin Wohlert
Lignin is an abundant polymer found in wood and grasses, but due to its heterogeneity and complex macromolecular structure it has been less utilized than cellulose. While the building blocks are known, the way they are linked is less understood. Here, Molecular Dynamics simulations were used to systematically characterize seven linkages found in native lignin. Their influence on lignin and water structure
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Growth stress and wood properties of 10-year-old fast-growing teak grown in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Rafif Pujasmara, Tomy Listyanto, Sri Nugroho Marsoem
The establishment of fast-growing teak plantations in Indonesia provides opportunities for shorter harvesting periods. However, it also poses challenges on wood utilization due to juvenility and growth stress-related defects. This study investigated growth stress levels and some wood properties of 10-year-old fast-growing teak grown in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta. The strain gauge method was used
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Quantitative analysis of the β-1 structure in lignin by administration of [ring-1-13C]coniferin Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Shori Imamura, Masaki Hosokawa, Yasuyuki Matsushita, Dan Aoki, Kazuhiko Fukushima, Masato Katahira
Lignin dimeric units are characterized by various inter-unit linkage types such as β-O-4, β-5, β-β, and β-1. Spirodienones are the native form of the β-1 structures, but the content in lignin has not been clarified. In this study, the ring-1-13C labeled coniferin was synthesized and administered to Ginkgo biloba shoots, obtaining ring-1 selectively labeled xylem samples. Enzymatically saccharified
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Effects of tannin acid impregnated pretreatment on dimensional stability and chemical composition of heat-treated Chinese fir Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-30 Yuxin Zhao, Luxi He, Jiayi Kang, Jingjing Gao, Guochen Huo, Kai Xu, Tinghuan Wang, Zhengbin He, Zhenyu Wang, Songlin Yi
Thermal treatment is an effective method for improving the dimensional stability of wood; however, it typically requires high temperatures. To achieve low-temperature heat treatment, this study employed wood samples impregnated with 10 % tannin acid (TA) and examined their changes in dimensional stability and chemical components after heat treatment at various initial moisture content levels. The results
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Effect of temperature on the dynamic wettability of Chinese fir wood: integrative consideration of surface spreading, penetration and evaporation Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-30 Xianfu Xiao, Kaiwen Chen, Hui Peng, Jianxiong Lyu, Tianyi Zhan
Wood wettability, the process of liquid interaction with wood surfaces, is influenced by wood surface chemistry, structure, ambient conditions, and temperature. Understanding how temperature impacts wood wettability is crucial for high-temperature manufacturing processes. In this study, the sessile drop method was employed to explore the dynamic wettability of Chinese fir wood using three different
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Analyzing the structure of bamboo culms using computer vision and mechanical simulation Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-27 Fukuan Dai, Yuxuan Chen, Wenfu Zhang, Tuhua Zhong, Genlin Tian, Hankun Wang
Bamboo culm is a natural material characterized by a graded structure of vascular bundles in the radial direction and a regular distribution of bamboo nodes in the axial direction. To investigate the adaptation of bamboo culm structure to its natural environment, the bamboo culm structure was analyzed using a vascular bundle identification model, complemented by mechanical simulations. The results
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The impact of site on tree form, wood properties, and lumber quality of plantation-grown Pinus patula Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Jaco-Pierre van der Merwe, Martin Bacher, Sechaba Madiope, Thandekile Ncongwane, Robert Ngomane, Olwethu Spogter, Hilton Kuisis, Jaco Potgieter, Oscar Tait, Charlie Clarke, Julie Cool, Stavros Avramidis, Simon Ellis, Shawn D. Mansfield
South Africa is a water scarce country with minimal natural forests. Plantation forest species such as the Mexican tropical hard pine, Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe ex Schltdl. & Cham., was introduced into the country to satisfy local fibre demand. Today, the majority of pine plantations in South Africa are found in the Mpumalanga province. The province has diverse growing conditions in relation to
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Characterization of the bark of Protium tenuifolium Engl. from the Amazonian biome as a source of natural antioxidants Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Laise de Jesus dos Santos, Elesandra da Silva Araujo, Mário Sérgio Lorenço, Bianca Bueno Rosário, Sabrina Benmuyal Vieira, Agust Sales, Marco Antonio Siviero, Luiz Eduardo de Lima Melo, Graciene da Silva Mota, Gabriela Aguiar Campolina, Fabio Akira Mori
The bark anatomy was analysed, as was the overall chemical composition (extractives, lignin, suberin, ash and polysaccharides), and a quantitative elemental analysis was performed of the bark and two tannin extracts (extracted with water only and with a mixture of water and Na2SO3). The phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the bark extracts were quantified. The results indicated that the
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Wood modification with trimethoxyphenylsilane via supercritical carbon dioxide for enhanced weathering resistance Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Juliette Triquet, Olivier Renard, Pierre Piluso
This research focuses on increasing wood resistance against UV degradation using trimethoxyphenylsilane as modifying agent and supercritical CO2 as a green solvent and reaction medium. Trimethoxyphenylsilane was successfully grafted on European spruce (Picea abies, H. Karst) and was characterized by SEM-EDX and UV–vis reflectance. SEM-EDX showed the presence of silicium inside the wood cell wall. Increased
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The feasibility and properties of wood used as filler in artificial turf to reduce environment pollution Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Luyang Wang, Ke Shi, Chunxia He
To develop an eco-friendly artificial turf filling for replacing rubber elastomer particles, seven kinds of natural materials (cork, soft oak, champagne bark, oak bark, pine bark, willow bark, and vermiculite) were selected and processed into particles with a dimension of 1–2 mm. The water absorption performance, mold resistance, resilience, compression characteristics, and the repose angle were tested
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Effects of molecule weight on the emulsifying properties of dodecenyl succinic anhydride modified glucuronoxylans Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Zhenhua Hu, Xiaotong Fan, Zhouyang Xiang, Luliang Wang, Shengdan Wang, Yushen Liu
Glucuronoxylans have been considered as an alternative polymer for petroleum polymers in coatings, films, emulsifiers, and other industries. In this study, different molecule weight glucuronoxylans were obtained through xylanase hydrolysis. Dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) was used as a modifying agent to functionalize glucuronoxylans. At the same degree of substitution (DS), higher molecule weight
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Impact of a conditioning step during the treatment of wood with melamine-formaldehyde resin on dimensional stabilisation Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Md. Tipu Sultan, Daniela Altgen, Muhammad Awais, Lauri Rautkari, Michael Altgen
The dimensional stabilisation of wood using thermosetting resins relies on the resin uptake into the cell walls. This study tested if a conditioning step after the impregnation and before the final heat-curing enhances the cell wall uptake to improve dimensional stabilisation without increasing the chemical consumption. Small blocks of Scots pine sapwood were vacuum-impregnated with an aqueous melamine
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Natural durability indicators in young plantation and native forest regrowth Gympie messmate (Eucalyptus cloeziana) Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Lesley P. Francis, Kate E. Semple, Babar Hassan, Jeffrey J. Morrell
Understanding the durability of emerging plantation hardwood resources is important for optimising their production and use. This study compared timber density, extractives content and decay resistance in 12–13-year-old plantation and native forest regrowth Gympie messmate (Eucalyptus cloeziana) trees. Density increased from pith to bark for both plantation and native forest trees. Inner heartwood
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Radial cracks in Castanopsis hystrix wood and its dimensional stability improvement by resin-impregnated modification Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Surong Meng, Yingying Su, Anmin Huang, Bailing Sun
This study investigated the characteristics of radial cracks in Castanopsis hystrix wood and evaluated its dimensional stability after impregnation with low-molecular-weight polyacrylate (PA), melamine-urea-glyoxal (MUG), and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resins. The physical properties were examined by dimensional stability measurements, dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) analysis, and scanning electron
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Impact bending strength of thermally-modified timber Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Mojtaba Hassan Vand, Jan Tippner
The article offers a perspective on how thermal-modification affects the impact bending strength of five different wood species, an aspect that has not received as much attention as the well-studied static load behavior of thermally-modified timber (TMT). Since the TMTs are mainly employed as outdoor materials, where they may encounter impact forces, a comparative investigation into the flexibility
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A deep learning multimodal fusion framework for wood species identification using near-infrared spectroscopy GADF and RGB image Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Xi Pan, Zhiming Yu, Zhong Yang
Accurate and rapid wood species identification is vital for wood utilization and trade. This goal is achievable with the fast development of deep learning (DL). Several studies have been published related to this topic; however, they were limited by their generalization performance in practical applications. Therefore, this study proposed a DL multimodal fusion framework to bridge this gap. The study
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An overview of lab-based micro computed tomography aided finite element modelling of wood and its current bottlenecks Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Sara Florisson, Erik Kristofer Gamstedt
Microscopic lab-based X-ray computed tomography (XµCT) aided finite element (FE) modelling is a popular method with increasing nature within material science to predict local material properties of heterogeneous materials, e.g. elastic, hygroexpansion and diffusion. This method is relatively new to wood and lacks a clear methodology. Research intended to optimise the XµCT aided FE process often focuses
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Identification of tropical wood species in paper: a new chemotaxonomic method based on extractives Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Max L. Flaig, Jens Berger, Philip Wenig, Andrea Olbrich, Bodo Saake
The European Deforestation Regulation 2023/1115 (EUDR) prohibits trading of wood and wood products obtained from illegal logging on the EU market. While the identification of solid wood via anatomy, chemistry and genetics has already been established, there is a lack of identification methods for pulp and paper that complement anatomy. This publication presents a newly developed chemotaxonomic method
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Decay resistance and dimensional stability of wood impregnated with castor oil using a pressure treatment Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Ohkyoung Kwon, Yeong Seo Choi, Wonsil Choi, Young-kyu Lee, Jongyeol Choi, Joon weon Choi, In Yang
This study was conducted to investigate the uptake of castor oil (CAO) in some wood specimens and the effect of CAO on the leaching ability, dimensional stability and fungal-decay resistance of the wood specimens. CAO was infused into the specimens using a pressure treatment. Uptakes of CAO penetrated in yellow poplar (YEP), Japanese cedar (JAC) and Douglas fir (DOF) blocks were higher than 100 %.
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Comparative study of the stable carbon isotope ratio of cellulose, lignin and whole wood powder of Balanites aegyptiaca Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Dao Dougabka, Tikri Bianzeube, Togbé Armel Amadji, Jean Gérard, Wel-Doret Djonglibet, Ilham Bentaleb
This study involved analysing the carbon-13 isotope ratio (δ13C) of cellulose, lignin, and whole wood powder of Balanites aegyptiaca to determine the optimal substrate for future ecophysiological studies. From seven different trees (i.e., three from the Sudanian zone and four from the Chadian Sahelian zone), 21 samples were taken for this study. Identical variation trends were observed with cellulose
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Mechanical, physical and compositional effects of Meruliporia incrassata on Southern Yellow Pine Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-10-30 Garrett Tatum, Natassia Brenkus
With the growing risk of fungal degradation in timber-framed structures from significant moisture intrusion events due to climate change, it is increasingly critical to develop mechanistic relationships between fungal degradation mechanisms and the strength of untreated wood components. While extensive work has been performed characterizing wood decay, no study has yet addressed the effects of Meruliporia
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Upgrading the durability of perishable wood species using extractives from side streams of durable wood sawmill operations: a review Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Alberto António Manhiça, Ernesto Uetimane Júnior, Mohamed Jebrane, Peter R. Gillah
Natural durability is one of the most rated features in wood end-use applications. In fact, several precious native tropical wood species produce timber of high natural durability, which is also related to long service life even for the highest hazard classes. However, selective logging is driving the existing volume of this group of species to near extinction. The remainder of the alternative species
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Processing of Pinus sylvestris L. into a heat-insulating, thermally stable, and flame-retarded material by combining the flame-retardant impregnation and densification treatment Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Zhisheng Xu, Wenjun Zhao, Long Yan, Xinyu Tang, Yuwei Feng, Zhengyang Wang
Flame-retardant impregnation and densification are two major modification techniques to improve the fire safety of wood. Here, these two techniques were combined to prepare flame-retarded wood, aiming at further fire hazard reduction. The delignated Pinus sylvestris L. was impregnated with boric acid (BA) and graphene oxide (GO) solutions, then densified to prepare densified flame-retarded wood named
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Predicting the air-dry density of black walnut based on NIR analysis Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Zi-Rui Ren, Li Luo, Bin Na
The combination of computer technology and non-destructive testing technology can facilitate the development of forestry in a more intelligent direction. In this paper, a Shapley additive explanations (SHAP)-based method is used to analyse the importance of band features in the near-infrared spectrum of black walnut wood, which ranges from 900 to 1650 nm. The spectral data from the SHAP analysis are
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A new look at the kinetics of oxygen delignification of softwood kraft pulp Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Azadeh Pahlevanzadeh, Adriaan van Heiningen
Using a Berty-type CSTR reactor, Ji (2007. Kinetics and mechanism of oxygen delignification, Ph.D. thesis. The University of Maine) obtained oxygen delignification kinetics first order in lignin when neglecting the higher initial delignification phase. In the present study the same Berty/CSTR reactor with an improved temperature control was used to determine the oxygen delignification kinetics of Southern
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Swelling of lignin-based gel in salt-containing organic solvents and its application as gel electrolyte Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Fumiya Honda, Shogo Taira, Shiori Suzuki, Kazuhiro Shikinaka, Kengo Shigetomi, Yasumitsu Uraki
A lignin-based gel prepared by the chemical crosslinking of hardwood acetic acid lignin (AL) with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether has been reported to shrink in water and organic solvents but swell specifically in aqueous binary solutions. In this study, the AL-based gel was also found to swell in lithium-salt-containing organic solvents, namely, liquid electrolytes. The uptake of salt solutions
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Microscopic computed tomography aided finite element modelling as a methodology to estimate hygroexpansion coefficients of wood: a case study on opposite and compression wood in softwood branches Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Sara Florisson, Marie Hartwig, Malin Wohlert, Erik Kristofer Gamstedt
Microscopic X-ray computed tomography (XµCT) aided finite element (FE) modelling is a popular method in material science to relate material properties to heterogeneous microstructures. Recently, a methodology was developed for the XµCT aided FE modelling of wood, which characterises the process from specimen preparation to estimation of material properties. In the current research, this methodology
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Planting spacing influences radial variation of basic density and chemical composition of wood from fast growing young Eucalyptus plantations Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Emanuella Mesquita Pimenta, Emilly Gracielly dos Santos Brito, Paola Freitas Gomes, Fernanda Maria Guedes Ramalho, Graziela Baptista Vidaurre, Allan Motta Couto, Otávio Camargo Campoe, Paulo Ricardo Gherardi Hein
Planting spacing plays an important role in tree growth and wood formation. Thus, the aim of this study was to determinate how planting spacing and genetic material affect the radial variation of basic density and chemical composition of wood. The sampling of this study was based on 4 clones of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis at 5 years of age planted in four spacings (3 × 1, 3 × 2, 3 × 3
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Fit-free analysis of fluorescence lifetime imaging data using chemometrics approach for rapid and nondestructive wood species classification Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Te Ma, Tetsuya Inagaki, Satoru Tsuchikawa
Conventional fluorescence spectroscopy has been suggested as a valuable tool for classifying wood species rapidly and non-destructively. However, because it is challenging to conduct absolute emission intensity measurements, fluorescence analysis statistics are difficult to obtain. In this study, another dimension of fluorescence, that is, fluorescence lifetime, was further evaluated to address this
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Improved bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp-based tissue papers incorporating wet-strength resins Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Marina Matos, Ana M. Carta, Paula C. Pinto, Dmitry V. Evtuguin
Common tissue paper manufacturing trends aim at partial or total replacement of softwood pulp with hardwood pulp for its production, such as bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp (BEKP), in order to optimize the process and the final product properties such as softness. However, the use of a single type of hardwood fiber results in lower strengths of both wet and dry webs. To maintain necessary strength and
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Site quality impacts tree form, heartwood content and veneer production of plantation-grown Pinus patula Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Jaco-Pierre van der Merwe, Sechaba Madiope, Olwethu Spogter, Hilton Kuisis, Jaco Potgieter, Oscar Tait, Charlie Clarke, Shawn D. Mansfield
Plantation forest species were introduced into South Africa due to limited availability of native forests for wood-derived products. Currently, the Mexican pine species, Pinus patula, is the most widely planted softwood species in the country. To study the effect of growth environment on wood and processing properties for the species, sample plots were established in a 20-year rotation covering a wide
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Comparative investigation of chemical and structural properties of charred fir wood samples by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy as well as X-ray-micro-CT technology Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 David H. Ebner, Mariagrazia Tortora, Diana E. Bedolla, Giulia Saccomano, Lisa Vaccari, Marius-Catalin Barbu, Jakub Grzybek, Thomas Schnabel
Wood surface charring is a treatment method commonly employed to enhance weather protection and aesthetic appearance of building exteriors. This study aims to investigate the differences between two wood surface charring processes: the traditional Japanese method known as Yakisugi and an alternative charring technique industrially manufactured with a gas burner. The objective of the study was to assess
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Swelling behavior of thermally modified timber from a cellular and chemical perspective Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-16 Yufa Gao, Yongdong Zhou, Zongying Fu, Jan Van Den Bulcke, Joris Van Acker
Thermally modified timber (TMT) reduces hygroscopicity, increases dimensional stability, and decay resistance. Although there is a substantial amount of research on heat-treated wood, investigations on the sensitivity of cell wall swelling behavior to water variation are limited. Therefore, this study focused on the swelling behavior of TMT from cellular and chemical perspectives. The effects of heat
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Antifungal properties of lauric arginate (LAE) treated wood Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-09 Courage Alorbu, Joshua Carey, Armando G. McDonald, Lili Cai
This study investigated the efficacy of lauric arginate (LAE) as a potential preservative against wood deteriorating fungi. First, the antifungal properties of LAE against two brown rot fungi, Gloeophyllum trabeum (G.t.) and Rhodonia placenta (R.p.), and two white rot fungi, Trametes versicolor (T.v.) and Irpex lacteus (I.l.) were examined using malt-agar media as substrate. Then the biological resistance
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Natural durability and fungal diversity of five wood species in a field-test site in Jeongseon, Korea Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-09 Sae-Min Yoon, Min-Ji Kim, Won-Joung Hwang, Hyun-Mi Lee, Yonggun Park, Dong-Won Son, Yeong-Suk Kim, Yong-Seok Choi
Climate change from global warming raises the risk of wood decay. Knowing the inherent durability period of wood is crucial for long-term use. Hence, the natural durability of five important Korean wood species (Larix kaempferi, Pinus densiflora, Quercus rubra, Quercus variabilis, and Quercus serrata) was evaluated. In addition, the fungal diversity isolated from each wood stake was investigated to
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Kraft cooking of birch wood chips: differences between the dissolved organic material in pore and bulk liquor Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-06 Linus Kron, Carolina Marion de Godoy, Merima Hasani, Hans Theliander
The delignification of birch chips during kraft pulping was investigated, targeting both the impregnation and cooking steps. Wood chips were impregnated using white liquor, white liquor + NaCl, water or NaCl aqueous solution. Then, the chips were cooked in batch autoclaves applying the same constant composition cooking conditions for all samples. Pulp and two fractions of black liquor (bulk liquor
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Clarifying the decay process by Inonotus obliquus in Japanese white birch naturally grown in Nikko, Japan Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-05 Ikumi Nezu, Nuerdong Nueraihaimaiti, Dwi Sukma Rini, Futoshi Ishiguri, Takumi Sato, Keisuke Mitsukuni, Tomohiro Suzuki, Naoto Habu, Jyunichi Ohshima, Shinso Yokota
Decay process of wood of Japanese white birch [Betula platyphylla Sukaczev var. japonica (Miq.) H. Hara] tree by Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilát was clarified by using the regression model in wood color and chemical components as a function of height position (1, 2, 3, and 4 m above the ground), wood type (sound wood and decayed wood), and their interactions, and anatomical observations. The 3 m height
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Effect of alkali charge on the performance of Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulps for tissue applications Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Ana Henriques, Dmitry V. Evtuguin
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of active alkali charge, in kraft cooking of Eucalyptus globulus wood, on the properties of the laboratory-produced tissue paper. Eucalyptus wood chips were cooked under similar conditions at four different active alkali (AA) levels of 16, 19, 21, and 23 % and DEDED sequence was used for subsequent ECF bleaching. Pulps were analyzed for their intrinsic
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Hydromechanical behavior of wood during drying studied by NIR spectroscopy and image analysis Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Evelize Aparecida Amaral, Lívia Freire Baliza, Luana Maria dos Santos, André Tetsuo Shashiki, Paulo Fernando Trugilho, Paulo Ricardo Gherardi Hein
The physical properties of wood are important parameters to qualify the material. However, as it is a heterogeneous material, moisture content and wood contractions may vary within the sample. Thus, the objective was to monitor the hydromechanical behavior of wood during drying using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and image analysis. Equidistant points were marked on the radial surface of a wooden
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Preventing fiber–fiber adhesion of lignin–cellulose precursors and carbon fibers with spin finish application Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Jenny Bengtsson, Andreas Bengtsson, Hanna Ulmefors, Maria Sedin, Kerstin Jedvert
Adhesion of fibers within a spun tow, including carbon fibers and precursors, is undesirable as it may interrupt the manufacturing process and entail inferior fiber properties. In this work, softwood kraft lignin was used together with a dissolving pulp to spin carbon fiber precursors. Lignin–cellulose precursors have previously been found to be prone to fiber fusion, both post-spinning and during
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Mechanism elucidation for wood sandwich compression from the perspective of yield stress Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-14 Rongfeng Huang, Shanghuan Feng, Zhiqiang Gao, Hao Liu
To elucidate the mechanism of wood sandwich compression, the response of wood compressing yield stress to hygrothermal conditions was investigated in this study with respect to preheating temperature (30–210 °C) and moisture content (MC, 0–100 %). An associated functional model was developed to predict wood yield stress based on the measured MC and temperature in wood. A 1 % increase in wood MC or
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The impact of moisture on salt treated and 2-step mineralized wood Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Tom Franke, Christina Hinterleitner, Alin Maillard, Elena Nedelkoska, Thomas Volkmer
A treatment to improve the reaction to fire of wood is the wood mineralization. Besides the reaction to fire of the mineralized wood, other mechanical and physical properties are less investigated. In this study, beech and oak were treated in a 2-step mineralization process to obtain calcium oxalate mineralized wood. The 2-step mineralization process is carried out by impregnating two salts diluted
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Parameter estimation and model selection for water vapour sorption of welded bond-line of European beech and Scots pine Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Mojgan Vaziri, Christopher Dreimol, Lars Abrahamsson, Peter Niemz, Dick Sandberg
The single exponential kinetics (SEK) and parallel exponential kinetics (PEK) models were fitted to kinetic sorption data of welded and unwelded Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Furthermore, diffusion coefficients of water vapour in wood were determined using two different Fickian diffusion solutions. The objective was to identify how well these models could
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Vanillin/silica microencapsulation for wood preservation Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Li Yan, Zeyao Yan, Jiang Chen, Zhangjing Chen, Yafang Lei
Vanillin is an antifungal and environmentally friendly compound. In this study, vanillin and silica microcapsules (VSM) were microencapsulated using the sol-gel method and then impregnated into wood. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the morphological structure and distribution of VSM in wood
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Water-vapour sorption of welded bond-line of European beech and Scots pine Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-05-25 Mojgan Vaziri, Christopher Dreimol, Lars Abrahamsson, Peter Niemz, Dick Sandberg
The wood–water interactions of welded bond-lines of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) were in this paper studied for the first time with dynamic vapour sorption equipment. The aim of this study was to characterize the water sorption in the welded bond-line and to define to which extent it deviates from water sorption of the unwelded wood. The objective was to
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3D wood-based evaporator for highly efficient solar steam generation Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Meihua Xie, Ping Zhang, Yangbing Jin, Zhe Wang, Chunde Jin
Interfacial solar-driven steam generation is one of the most promising techniques used to produce clean water. However, achieving rapid water evaporation using solar steam generation devices is challenging because of their two-dimensional (2D) planar structures and confined evaporation areas. The three-dimensional (3D) structural design of evaporation devices improves water evaporation rates, thereby
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Radial distribution of vascular bundle morphology in Chinese bamboos: machine learning methodology for rapid sampling and classification Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Jing Li, Haocheng Xu, Ying Zhang, Tuhua Zhong, Katherine Semple, Vahid Nasir, Hankun Wang, Chunping Dai
Variation in anatomical features of the culm wall namely the shape and size distributions of vascular bundles between different genera and species of bamboo is not well understood due to the cumbersome task of manual measurements. Using machine learning methodology, this work presents a universal vascular bundle detection model for rapid, reliable, and automatic characterization of vascular bundles
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Role of monolignol glucosides in supramolecular assembly of cell wall components in ginkgo xylem formation Holzforschung (IF 2.4) Pub Date : 2023-05-10 Noritsugu Terashima, Yasuyuki Matsushita, Sachie Yagami, Hiroshi Nishimura, Masato Yoshida, Kazuhiko Fukushima
The physical, chemical and biological properties of wood depend on the supramolecular assembly of cellulose microfibrils (CMFs), hemicelluloses (HCs) and lignin in the growing cell walls. Based on the 13C-tracer studies of ginkgo xylem formation, a hypothetical scenario for the role of monolignol glucosides (MLGs) in the assembly is proposed as follows: (1) Both moieties, aglycone monolignols and glycone