Abstract It has been shown that Grand spectrometers based on a hybrid assembly of BLPP-2000 photodetector arrays produced by VMK-Optoelektronika can be used for atomic emission spectral analysis of solutions using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). For the prototype of a Grand-ICP spectrometer consisting of a Grand spectrometer, RF plasma generator, and RF (radio frequency)

Abstract Modern small-sized spectrometers are mainly designed by the Czerny–Turner scheme with a flat diffraction grating or, if the goal is to obtain the maximum aperture at the expense of resolution, by the scheme with a concave diffraction grating. In such spectrometers, the spectrum is registered by photodiode array. In this work, we provide an overview of characteristics of the compact spectrometers

Abstract As a rule, the width of a spectral line in atomic emission spectral analysis with arc sources is much smaller than the hardware function of the spectral device. Thus, the spectral line contour is determined by the hardware function of the device and can be approximated, e.g., by the Voigt function. However, when reference samples with a wide range of element concentrations are analyzed, there

Abstract The operating speed of commercially available spectral-ratio pyrometers and brightness pyrometers often appears insufficient for control of a fast-changing temperature (e.g., in a graphite cell of an AAS electrothermal atomizer, whose temperature increases at a rate of 104 °C/s). An advantage of spectral pyrometers is high speed and ability to measure the temperature of objects with unknown

Abstract A technique for analysis of secondary tungsten-containing raw materials (tungsten-containing sludge) using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry in combination with microwave autoclave sample preparation has been developed. The composition of the acid mixture and algorithm of microwave heating of the autoclave are chosen to provide a complete quantitative transfer of the

Abstract The review covers problems related to development and application of a new type of “smart” medical materials, mainly, for regeneration of bone tissue that are capable of creating additional stimuli influencing the regeneration process. Application of ferroelectric and magnetoelastic materials is discussed, including their use as sensors and actuators. Physical and materials science principles

Abstract The reference polymers and polymers with molecular imprints of carboxylic acids (MIPs-CA)—propionic (MIP-Propionic) and butyric (MIP-Butyric) acids—were synthesized on the surface of piezoelectric sensors using aromatic compounds by the non-covalent imprinting method. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is a polymer produced through molecular imprinting, which leaves cavities in the polymer

Abstract Elemental analysis of ferromanganese formations (first of all, the determination of ore elements) is a necessary stage in the development of ore deposits. A technique for X-ray fluorescence quantitative analysis was proposed for the determination of iron, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc in oceanic ferromanganese formations (nodules and crusts). The studies were performed using

Abstract We develop a method on the basis of high-performance liquid phase chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) for determination of triterpene glycosides in ginseng extracts. In contrast to procedures based on HPLC with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV), commonly used for extract standardization, superior selectivity afforded by the developed method enables identification and quantitation of 23

Abstract This article demonstrates possible separation of Pd(II), Pt(IV), and Rh(III) ions from chloride solutions by solvent extraction in rotating coiled columns (RCC). The most common reagents used for extraction of platinum metals were selected as extractants: trioctylamine (TOA), methyltrialkylammonium chloride (MTAA), tributyl phosphate (TBP), and relatively new reagent—N,N,N',N'-tetra-n-octyldiglycolamide

Abstract This work is aimed at development of a method of investigation into the chemical composition of natural and synthetic nitrogen-containing compounds using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and its application for identification of the form of inclusion of light elements (C, N, O) in complex anions and cations. The analysis was performed using Kα lines appearing upon electron transfer from

Abstract The properties of nanostructured materials based on zinc and indium oxides can be modified by adding alloying elements to obtain the necessary electrical or optical properties. For example, the specificity of the chemical properties of ZnO and In2O3 for the determination of toxic gases is achieved by immobilizing Au, Ag, etc., nanoparticles on their surface. Control of the material composition

Abstract— X-ray diffraction has been used to study the phase composition and determine the lattice parameter of the β- and α-phases in foil of a Pd–Cu solid solution with a composition that ensures reversibility of the β \( \rightleftarrows \) α transformations: with the structure of the β- and α-phases and a two-phase structure. The thermal expansion coefficient of the Pd–Cu solid solution has been

Abstract— We have experimentally demonstrated continuity of hypoeutectoid and pearlite ferrites in aggregates in the microstructure of low-carbon, low-alloy ferrite–pearlite steel. Such ferrite aggregates of various origins have been repeatedly observed along with hypoeutectoid ferrite and pearlite grains. We propose that aggregates of hypoeutectoid and pearlite ferrites should be regarded as a characteristic

Abstract— Subsolidus phase relations in the Rb2MoO4–R2(MoO4)3–Zr(MoO4)2 (R = Al, Fe, Cr, Y) systems have been studied for the first time by the method of “intersecting cuts.” Eight new triple molybdates, with the compositions Rb5RZr(MoO4)6 (R = Al, Fe, Cr, Y), RbRZr0.5(MoO4)3 (R = Al, Cr, Fe), and Rb2YZr2(MoO4)6.5, have been identified in these systems. The thermal properties and crystallographic characteristics

Abstract— Calcium alkali metal (potassium and sodium) double and triple phosphates have been synthesized in different ways. Was for the first time used reaction sintering to produce ceramics based on calcium alkali metal mixed phosphates and investigated the densification behavior of mixed phosphate-based multiphase materials during sintering by this method. Was presented the microstructure of polished

Abstract— We have for the first time determined the temperature dependence of heat capacity for aurostibite, AuSb2, by adiabatic calorimetry and calculated its standard thermodynamic functions in a wide temperature range. At a temperature of 298.15 K, we have obtained \(C_{p}^{^\circ }\) = 76.01 ± 0.15 J/(mol K), S° = 133.4 ± 0.3 J/(mol K), Н°(298.15 K) − Н°(0)= 17.39 ± 0.03 kJ/mol, and Ф° = 75.02

Abstract— We have studied the desilicidation of Ti3SiC2 MAX phase powder at 1600°C in a CO + xSiO (x = 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3) gas atmosphere. The required gaseous atmosphere was generated using granulated powder mixtures containing commercial carbon, TiO2, SiO2, and SiC, which released CO and SiO gases during heating as a result of oxide reduction reactions. Ti3SiC2 desilicidation was sensitive to the gas

Abstract— We present our findings on the use of diode laser spectroscopy (DLS) for monitoring СО2, Н2О, СН4, C2H2, C2H4, NH3, and other gas impurities during low-temperature fractional distillation purification of gaseous hydrides. We demonstrate a lineup of instruments and techniques for continuously monitoring impurities during purification of hydrides: NH3, AsH3, РН3, and SiH4. The IR sources used

Abstract— We have prepared ErF3-doped glasses in the ZrF4–BaF2–LaF3–AlF3–NaF system containing chlorine ions substituted for fluorine ions. The crystallization behavior of the chlorine-substituted glasses has been studied at various BaCl2 and ErF3 concentrations. We have identified phases precipitating during heat treatment of the glasses and assessed the effect of chlorine substitution for fluoride

Abstract— Nanocrystalline BiFeO3-based powder materials with an average crystallite size near 40 nm have been prepared by solution combustion synthesis from bismuth and iron nitrates using sucrose and tartaric acid as fuel. The materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, helium pycnometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Magnetometry

Abstract— We have examined for the first time the feasibility of producing cast Nb-, Si-, and B-doped Mo-based composite materials by a spin-casting self-propagating high-temperature synthesis metallurgy method and obtained new results regarding control over their composition and structure. In synthesis, we used combinations of a highly exothermic (MoO3/Nb2O5/Al/Si/B) and a low-exothermic (Mo/Nb/Si/B)

Abstract— This paper presents results on control over the surface composition, surface structure, and pore texture of core/shell materials, as exemplified by the growth of conformal titanium oxide nanocoatings on γ‑Аl2О3 by atomic layer deposition via sequential and alternating exposure of the alumina to TiCl4 and H2O vapor. The alumina surface and growing titanium oxide layer are shown to influence

Abstract— An yttrium ammonium carbonate with the composition NH4Y(CO3)2 ∙ H2O has been prepared by reacting hydrated yttrium oxide with ammonium carbonate at 80°C. The synthesis process has been shown to proceed through crystallization of two intermediate phases: yttrium ammonium hydroxycarbonates differing in composition. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy

Abstract— We have studied the performance of nanotubular nickel hydrosilicate and its derivatives as a negative electrode of lithium ion batteries. Nickel hydrosilicate with the composition Ni3Si2O5(OH)4 was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions (350°C, 14 MPa, 10 h). Its derivatives were prepared by thermal annealing at temperatures of 400, 600, and 1000°C. In this process, the tubular structure

Abstract— Single-phase LuGaTi2O7 samples have been prepared by solid-state reaction in a starting mixture of Lu2O3, Ga2O3, and TiO2 via sequential firing in air at temperatures of 1273 and 1573 K. The crystal structure of the lutetium gallium dititanate has been determined by the Rietveld method (profile analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns of polycrystalline powders): sp. gr. Pcnb; a = 9.75033(13)

Abstract— High-density (95.3–95.8%) CeO2–xα-SiC (x = 10, 20 vol %) composite ceramics have been produced for the first time by spark plasma sintering (SPS) as promising mineral-like materials for inert fuel matrices. The SPS of CeO2–SiC ceramics has been shown to be a three-stage process. The addition of α-SiC particles shifts characteristic temperatures of CeO2 sintering to higher values. SPS leads

Abstract— Technologically viable principles have been developed for the preparation of the MAX phase Ti3SiC2 by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) with a reduction step, using titanium dioxide. We have studied the influence of synthesis conditions (starting-mixture composition and ratio of reactants) on the composition, structure, and particle size of the Ti3SiC2 powder. The results

Abstract— We have synthesized (ZrTi)0.5(VCrFe(Ni0.9Cu0.1))0.5 and (ZrTi)0.5(VMoFeNi)0.5 pseudobinary high-entropy compounds and related deuterides. According to neutron and X-ray diffraction results, the deuterides have the same hexagonal Laves phase structure as the parent alloys. We have determined the position of the deuterium atoms and their atomic position coordinates. The results indicate that

Abstract— One-dimensional ferroelectric photonic crystals have been produced by filling porous anodic aluminum oxide with sodium nitrite. Introducing sodium nitrite into the pores of the photonic crystals has been shown to cause a 40-nm bathochromic shift in the spectral position of their bandgap. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of using aluminum oxide-based composite photonic

Abstract— We have studied the phase composition and texture of a Pd–Cu solid solution with a nearly equiatomic composition in different steps of the preparation of membrane foil by rolling to 300, 175, 100, and 20 μm and 7-μm-thick foil produced by magnetron sputtering of a target having the same composition as the foil. We have identified orientation relationships between the β- and α-phases in the

Abstract— We have studied how the key parameters of a deformation process under the conditions of a bulk exothermic reaction of the formation of the Ni3Al intermetallic compound influence its grain size. The results demonstrate that the grain size of the intermetallic compound synthesized under pressure decreases with an increase in the time delay of exposure to pressure and an increase in deformation

Abstract— Using commercial low-alloy steel as an example, we have studied the nature of the increased scatter in impact toughness in the temperature range of the ductile-to-brittle (D–B) transition by multiple impact toughness tests and examined the microstructure of the steel by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results demonstrate that the scatter in the impact toughness of the low-alloy

Abstract— Barium strontium niobate films ~300 nm in thickness have been grown on MgO(001) substrates by rf sputtering of a ceramic target with the stoichiometric composition Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 (SBN50) in an oxygen atmosphere. Composition–depth profiles across the films have been measured using secondary ion mass spectrometry, and we have determined their phase composition, structure, and c cell parameter

Abstract— Experimental data are reported that demonstrate the feasibility of producing cast W–C–Co carbide ceramics using a thermite-type highly exothermic mixture consisting of two components: (1) WO3/Al/Ca/C and (2) Co3O4/Al. We show that, during synthesis in a reactor under a nitrogen pressure, the mixture is capable of burning at any WO3/Al/Ca/C and Co3O4/Al ratios and that the combustion temperature

Abstract— This paper presents results on the physicochemical properties of arsenic-containing substances—lewisite detoxification (destruction) products. Major attention is paid to the properties of hydrolytic sodium arsenite, a promising alternative industrial raw material for the production of high-purity arsenic and its compounds. Data are presented on the macro- and microcompositions of raw materials

Abstract— Low-porosity layered calcium cobaltite-based ceramics with copper additions have been prepared by hot pressing and their microstructure and electrical transport and thermoelectric properties have been studied. The results demonstrate that the addition of copper particles to the ceramics reduces the average particle size of the Ca3Co4O9 + δ phase and the thermoelectric power and porosity of

Abstract— This paper reports the development and characterization of new inexpensive and safe light–time–temperature indicators for products of the pharmaceutical and food industries. For this purpose, we have prepared and characterized stable sols of titanium dioxide nanoparticles modified with titanium(IV) peroxo complexes. Electronic absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning probe

Abstract Using a titania–silica precursor with the composition SiO2 ∙ TiO2 ∙ хH2O, isolated via hydrochloric acid treatment of a process waste from the dressing of apatite–nepheline ore, we have prepared a hybrid composite containing silica as a matrix for an α-Ti(HPO4)2 ∙ H2O functional filler (STP). The key step of the synthesis process is a solution-phase reaction of the precursor with phosphoric

Abstract— Density-functional calculations are used to study the structural and electronic properties of stoichiometric and imperfect In2O3 (011) surfaces. We calculate energies of formation of neutral oxygen vacancies on the surface of an indium oxide nanocrystal and analyze the adsorption of an oxygen atom in its ground (triplet) state on a model imperfect surface having O4 vacancies in different

Abstract— We have studied the effect of precursors on the synthesis conditions and characteristics of molybdenum nitrides. Mo, MoO3, and MgMoO4 powders were nitrided in flowing ammonia at temperatures in the range 500–800°C. The use of molybdenum nanopowder as a precursor has made it possible to reduce the synthesis temperature and time. We have demonstrated the possibility of direct ammonolysis of

Abstract— This paper reports a process for the growth of optically homogeneous lithium niobate single crystals containing boron as a dopant. A LiNbO3:B crystal has been grown by the Czochralski technique using a single-phase growth charge synthesized from a Nb2O5:B precursor and lithium carbonate. We have assessed the optical quality of the crystal by a high-speed method from the number of scattering

Abstract— We have studied phase equilibria in the quaternary system NaF–NaCl–NaBr–Na2CrO4. The results demonstrate that the continuous series of NaClxBr1 – x solid solutions persists in the system. The chemical composition and melting point (507°C) of a mixture with the composition corresponding to the quaternary minimum have been determined by differential thermal analysis, and its enthalpy of fusion

Abstract— The products of reaction between TiCl4 and NaBH4 in NaCl/KCl or KBr ionic melts at 973 and 1023 K under an argon pressure of 5 MPa have been characterized by various physicochemical analysis techniques. The results demonstrate that these conditions lead to the formation of TiB2 nanoparticles with hexagonal symmetry (sp. gr. P6/mmm, AlB2 structure) and lattice parameters a = 0.3022–0.3025

Abstract— In this paper, we describe improved methods for assessing the static and dynamic piezoelectric properties of lithium niobate crystals. The results can be used for evaluating results of conversion of large lithium niobate crystals to a single-domain state under mass production conditions. We present main calculated relationships for assessing the degree of unipolarity and the relative volume

Abstract— A method has been demonstrated for doping carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with nitrogen during synthesis in an acetylene + ammonia atmosphere at different temperatures in the range 550–750°C, and conditions have been found for effective nitrogen doping of CNTs depending on synthesis temperature. The concentrations of various elements in the synthesized CNTs have been determined by X-ray photoelectron

Abstract This paper presents results of a physicochemical study of the preparation of extrapure-grade (99.998%-pure) cesium iodide from a technically pure product obtained by reacting cesium carbonate and hydriodic acid. The synthesized CsI was purified in two steps, involving vacuum drying and high-temperature distillation. We calculated kinetic constants of vacuum drying and evaluated water content

Abstract— This paper considers the main trends of structure formation in graded composite materials based on the Ti3AlC2 MAX phase on titanium under combustion and high-temperature deformation conditions in the unconfined self-propagating high-temperature synthesis compaction method. We demonstrate that a compact graded composite material can be obtained in tens of seconds in one processing step at

Abstract— For an impurity with a separation factor β < 1, we compare calculated average impurity concentrations (Cn/C1) in products of multiple- and single-cycle distillation or directional solidification refining processes with a preset final yield. The n-fold process with a yield g in each cycle and a final yield G = gn is shown to be more efficient than a single-cycle process with the same final

Abstract— Polycrystalline Cu2ZnSn(SхSe1 – х)4 solid solutions have been prepared by a single-temperature method using elemental Cu, Zn, Sn, S, and Se. The chemical composition of the synthesized materials has been determined by X-ray microanalysis and their crystal structure and phase composition have been studied by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Using frequency-time-resolved microwave

Abstract— The effectiveness of flash lamp processing and ion beam sputtering in surface cleaning of membrane foil from a Pd–Cu solid solution produced by rolling has been assessed using cyclic voltammetry and atomic force microscopy. It has been shown that it is reasonable to use cyclic voltammetry for assessing the degree of foil surface cleaning and that combined surface processing of membrane foil

Abstract— We have synthesized Fex(Cu0.5In0.5)1 – xCr2S4 solid solutions and measured their magnetic properties in the temperature range 4.2–300 K in a static magnetic field of 0.1 and 45 kOe. The main magnetostatic parameters of the synthesized materials have been determined: saturation magnetization, effective and spin magnetic moments, Curie and Néel temperatures, Curie constants, and Curie–Weiss

Abstract We have studied the influence of induced plastic strain on the magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of rapidly quenched wire samples with the composition Fe75Si10B15. The results demonstrate that induced plastic strain eliminates a negative ΔE-effect as a consequence of changes in magnetic structure parameters of the wire. Moreover, raising the induced plastic strain reduces the sensitivity

Abstract— Nanocrystalline PdO films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. The results demonstrate that thermal oxidation in an O2 atmosphere causes ~35-nm-thick nanocrystalline Pd films on SiO2/Si(100) substrates to undergo a sequence of phase transformations resulting in PdO formation, followed by PdO decomposition into metallic

Abstract Li4Ti5O12/C anode materials of different particle size have been prepared by a sol–gel process, followed by mechanical processing in a planetary mill. Carbon was introduced both by an in situ process and by mechanically mixing lithium titanate with carbon black (Timcal). The materials thus prepared have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen

Abstract Strontium aluminosilicate glass-ceramics modified with zirconia additions in the presence of yttria as a stabilizing oxide and without it have been prepared by a sol–gel process. Increasing the zirconia content from 5 to 15 wt % has been shown to reduce the gelation time of the starting solutions, lower the gel crystallization onset temperature, activate the glass-ceramic sintering process

Abstract— Luminescent materials have been prepared via thermal decomposition of a mixture of yttrium and europium trifluoroacetates and aluminum nitrate isolated from ethyl acetate, a low-polarity solvent. The influence of the composition of precursors and synthesis temperature on the composition, structure, and luminescence of the materials has been studied by vibrational and electronic spectroscopies

Abstract— We have prepared (1 – x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–xCa(Cu1/3Nb2/3)O3 (x = 0–0.1, ∆х = 0.02) ceramics by solid-state reactions and studied their phase formation, structure, and dielectric and ferroelectric properties. The formation of a phase with the perovskite structure and an orthorhombic unit cell has been demonstrated in all of the samples. Ferroelectric phase transitions have been confirmed by

Abstract Pb10 – xPrx(GeO4)2 + x(VO4)4 – x (x = 0, 1, 2, 3) apatites have been prepared by solid-state reactions via sequential firing of appropriate oxide mixtures (PbO, Pr2O3, GeO2, and V2O5) in air in the temperature range 773–1073 K. Their unit-cell parameters have been determined as functions of temperature by high-temperature X-ray diffraction measurements, and the linear and volume expansion

Abstract— We report a study of upconversion luminescence in BaF2–HoF3 crystals in the visible spectral region under excitation to the 5I5 level of Ho3+ ions by laser radiation with a wavelength of 890 nm. For these excitation conditions, we propose mechanisms responsible for upconversion luminescence from the 5F3, 5S2(5F4) and 5F5 levels of Ho3+ ions.