In this study, the corrosion behaviors of an as-extruded Mg–4%Zn–2%Y–1.8%Nd (in wt.%) alloy in different physiological saline solutions were investigated and compared. The results indicated that the alloy in the 9 g/L NaCl had the higher corrosion resistance than that containing with CaCl2 and NaHCO3. Moreover, it demonstrated that the corrosion behaviors of the alloy in two types of solutions were

Bio-magnesium alloys have received great attention due to their degradability and biocompatibility. Corrosion fatigue failure is a huge challenge in vivo for bio-magnesium alloy implants. Understanding the effects of twinning textures on the corrosion fatigue of magnesium alloys is meaningful for the applications. In the current study, pre-compression strains of 2% and 4% were carried out on extruded

In this study, typical microstructural characteristics of a metastable β Ti alloy (Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr–1Fe) forged in a dual-phase region (strain of 54% at 820 °C) were investigated in detail by the combined use of X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron channeling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction techniques. Results show that the microstructure of the forged

Microstructural evolution during severe plastic deformation and mixing of Mg95.8Zn3.6Gd0.6 and Mg97Cu1Y2 (at%) alloys upon friction stir welding was studied. A laminated onion-ring structure composed of alternative distribution of layers with significantly refined microstructures from different alloys was formed in the stirred zone. Coarse quasicrystals were broken up and dispersed with most of them

Basic fundamentals governing the hydrogenation of Zr and its alloys have both theoretical and practical importance. In this work, first-principles calculations have been performed to evaluate the relative stabilities of various possible phases in ZrHx (x = 1–2) under different temperatures and pressures. It was predicted that fct-γ and ε phases with various different H-atom configurations can be energetically

Two different kinds of hot compressions, namely normal-compression and can-compression, were performed on the Mg–11Gd–4Y–2Zn–0.5Zr alloy, featured with long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase. The kinking behavior of LPSO phase and microstructure evolution was investigated to clarify the effect of levels of imposed hydrostatic pressure. The results suggest that the LPSO phases including both the

Effects of Mn content on mechanical properties of FeCoCrNiMnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) are investigated via first-principles calculations combining EMTO–CPA method. Related physical parameters, including lattice constant, elastic constants, elastic modulus, Pugh’s ratio, anisotropy factors, Poisson's ratio, Cauchy pressure, Vickers hardness, yield strength, and energy factor, are calculated

Two experimental alloys containing different contents of Ru were investigated to study the effect of Ru on the microstructural evolution during long-term thermal exposure. The increase in Ru promoted the formation of cubical, tiny, and even γ′ phase after full heat treatment. Moreover, the samples after full heat treatment were exposed at 1100 °C for different time. Based on the classical model by

A novel method of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) treatment was developed to eliminate the residual stress of rolled magnesium alloy AZ31 sheet in this study. The effect of PMF on residual stress of rolled AZ31 sheet was investigated and its mechanism was analyzed. The experimental results revealed that the pulse frequency had a significant impact on residual stress. After 10.0 Hz PMF treatment, the average

LaFe13−xMx (M = Si, Al) alloys are promising for use in magnetic refrigeration. However, they require long annealing time (30 days) in order to optimize the magnetocaloric properties. Research has shown that the addition of extra La in off-stoichiometric alloys can greatly shorten the annealing time. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the extra addition of La on

Microstructure degradation and stress-induced transformation of a high Nb-containing TiAl alloy with nearly lamellar microstructure during creep were investigated. Tensile creep experiments were performed at 800, 850 and 900 °C under 150 MPa in air. Microstructures before and after creep tests were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Dislocations within the lamellar

In this work, the effects of Zn content (0–2 wt%) on microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of cast Mg–10Gd–3.5Er–0.5Zr alloys are studied. The results show that the as-cast Mg–10Gd–3.5Er–xZn–0.5Zr alloys are mainly composed of Mg matrix and secondary (Mg, Zn)3(Gd, Er) phases distributed along grain boundaries. With the increase in Zn content, the volume fraction of secondary (Mg, Zn)3(Gd

The microstructure distribution, tensile anisotropy and fracture behaviors in the dissimilar friction stir welded joint of AM60/AZ31 alloys were investigated. Experimental results showed that a significant grain refinement and an orientation fluctuation occurred in the weld. The grain size of AZ31 side in joint was obviously smaller than that of AM60 side. There was a higher percentage of low angle

In order to better understand why the corrosion behavior of carbon steel exposed in Nansha atmospheric environment is very serious, the effect of sodium, potassium and magnesium chlorides deposited on carbon steel surface has been studied under atmosphere conditions by wet/dry accelerated test. The difference of corrosion behavior and surface structure in Na+, K+, and Mg2+ containing atmosphere has

Cu matrix composites reinforced by TiB2/TiN ceramic reinforcements (Cu/TBN composites) were prepared by hot pressing method. Prior to the hot pressing, Cu/TiB2/TiN composite powders (CTBN powders), which were used as the starting materials of Cu/TBN composites, were fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis method. The CTBN particles were found to be in a special core–shell structure

This work aims to develop a reliable method to predict mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded 6xxx-series alloys with experimentally measured welding heat input. A calorimetrical method was utilized to experimentally measure the welding heat input in the friction stir welded of aluminum alloy 6063-T5. Good correlations between the input variables, i.e., welding parameters and physical properties

Lithium sulfur battery (LSB) is widely considered as a next-generation battery system due to its high theoretical energy density of 2567 Wh kg−1. However, several inherent issues obstruct the business application of LSB. To address these issues, we assemble core–shell structure Fe3O4@C nanodots with 5 nm diameter as a valid sulfur host via a convenient organic pyrolysis treatment followed by calcination

This study focuses on the bonding interface characteristics and mechanical properties of the bobbin tool friction stir welded dissimilar AA6056 and AA2219 aluminum alloy joints using different welding speeds. Voids arise solely in the stir zone at the AA2219 side. A distinct boundary with limited material mixing develops at the middle section of the bonding interface, while excellent material mixing

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of Mo addition on the phase morphologies, microstructures and magnetic properties of the designated alloys. It is found out that the coercivity Hcj increases unevenly from 12.2 kOe for (Nd0.8Ce0.2)13Fe82B5 to the maximum value of 13.3 kOe for (Nd0.8Ce0.2)13Fe80B5Mo2. The transmission electron microscopy images demonstrate that the grain size decreases

The present work aims to study the influence of direct current and pulse current techniques as well as embedded SiC nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of the electrodeposited Ni–W coating. The electrodeposited coatings were studied for morphological, microstructural, mechanical, and scratch resistance properties using the surface roughness tester, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive

Self-healing metals possess the capability to autonomously repair structural damage during service. While self-healing concepts remain challenging to be realized in metals and metallic systems due to the small atomic volume of the mobile atoms, the slow diffusion unless at high temperatures and the strong isotropic metallic bonds, the scientific interest has increased sharply and promising progress

First-principles thermodynamic calculations were carried out at the interface level for understanding the precipitation of coherent L12-phase nano-structures in dilute Al–Sc–Er alloys. All energetics, relevant to bulk substitution, interface formation, interfacial coherent strain and segregation, were calculated and used to evaluate the nucleation and relative stabilities of various possible L12 nano-structures

Lithium batteries (LIBs) with low capacity graphite anode (~ 372 mAh g−1) cannot meet the ever-growing demand for new energy electric vehicles and renewable energy storage. It is essential to replace graphite anode with higher capacity anode materials for high-energy density LIBs. Silicon (Si) is well known to be a possible alternative for graphite anode due to its highest capacity (~ 4200 mAh g−1)

By means of annular channel angular extrusion technology and solution treatment, the AZ80 supersaturated solid solution was prepared. The β-Mg17Al12 precipitate morphologies analysis along with its sizes and area fraction measurement was performed to investigate mechanical properties variation of alloy at various aging temperature. The results indicated that after solution treatment, the intergranular

Developing excellent pseudocapacitive electrodes with long cycle, high areal capacity and large rate has been challenged. 3D printing is an additive manufacture technique that has been explored to construct microelectrodes of arbitrary geometries for high-energy–density supercapacitors. In comparison with conventional electrodes with uncontrollable geometries and architectures, 3D-printed electrodes

A new Ni–Cr–Si–B–Fe filler material is prepared for transient liquid-phase (TLP) bonding of Inconel 718 superalloy by mechanical alloying technique. The melting temperature range of the filler material and its activation energy of melting are determined by differential scanning calorimetry technique. The activation energy and melting temperature of the alloy powder decrease with increasing milling

In order to eliminate the disadvantages of the keyhole in conventional friction stir spot welding joint and attain the high-strength lap joint of Al/Cu dissimilar metals, a novel welding technique, named as friction stir spot riveting (FSSR), was proposed. A pinless tool and an extra filling stud were employed. The Al/Cu spot joints without keyhole defect were achieved by the FSSR. A Cu anchor-like

Thin-walled copper tubes are usually produced by multi-pass float-plug drawing deformation. In general, the annealing treatment subsequently is necessary to release the stored energy and adjusts the microstructure. In this study, an investigation on the evolution of annealing twins as well as textures in the thin-walled (Ф6 mm × 0.3 mm) copper tube underwent holding time-free heat treatment was reported

The 2xxx series Al alloys have been widely used in aerospace industry owing to their high strength, good plasticity and superior formability. To ensure a good control of shape, the quenched alloy sheets require a small pre-deformation before artificial aging. However, this pre-deformation considerably deteriorates the mechanical strength of the Al–3.0Cu–1.8Mg–0.5Si (wt%) alloys due to the formation

It is an important challenge to reduce the carbon content in nanostructured bainitic steels for commercialization purposes while still being able to gain the desired microstructural characteristics in nanoscale and not to deteriorate the strength–ductility combinations. That is the point at which an appropriate heat treatment procedure design would be an important parameter. This article aims to investigate

In this study, tensile behavior of Nb-containing 25Cr–20Ni austenitic stainless steels composed of coarse or fine grains has been investigated at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 900 °C. Results show that the tensile strength of fine-grained specimens decreases faster than that of coarse-grained specimens, as the test temperature increases from 600 °C to 800 °C. The rapidly decreasing

The simultaneous enhancement of magnetic and mechanical properties is desirable but challenging for soft-magnetic materials. A fabrication strategy to meet this requirement is therefore in high demand. Herein, bulk equiatomic dual-phase AlCoFeMnNi high-entropy alloys were fabricated via a magnetic levitation induction melting and casting process followed by annealing at 700–1000 °C, and their microstructures

NiCrxMoy (x = 1, 1.5; y = 0, 0.1, 0.3) alloy coatings were prepared on the Q235 substrate by laser cladding under the protection of argon. The phase composition, microstructure, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties of the NiCrxMoy alloy coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electrochemical tests, X-ray photoelectron

A transformation-induced plasticity phenomenon in Fe65(CoCrMnNi)35 medium-entropy alloy was investigated. According to the X-ray diffraction patterns, the as-cast specimen contains a single-phase face-centered cubic (fcc), while low-temperature annealing at 500 °C and 600 °C leads to the introduction of a body-centered cubic (bcc) phase as a secondary phase. Further increment of the annealing temperature

A series of AlxCrFe2Ni2Mo0.2 alloy consisting of FCC + BCC phases have been designed, and their as-cast microstructures and mechanical properties were also investigated with x ranging from 0.6 to 0.9. It was found that with the addition of Al element, the solidified structures changed from dendrite to columnar crystal then back to dendrite again. Moreover, the increased amount of BCC phase resulted

The nano-Ag paste consisted of Ag nanoparticles and organic solvents. These organics would be removed by evaporation or decomposition during sintering. When the sintering temperature was 300 °C, the resistivity of sintered bulk was 8.35 × 10−6 Ω cm, and its thermal conductivity was 247 W m−1 K−1. The Si/SiC chips and direct bonding copper (DBC) substrates could be bonded by this nano-Ag paste at low

In situ TiC particles-reinforced FeCrNiCu high-entropy alloy matrix composites were prepared by vacuum induction melting method. The reaction mechanisms of the mixed powder (Ti, Cu and C) were analyzed, and the mechanical properties of resultant composites were determined. Cu4Ti were formed in the reaction of Cu and Ti when the temperature rose to 1160 K. With the temperature further increased to 1182

Pre-deformation before aging has been demonstrated to have a positive effect on the mechanical strength of the 7N01 alloy in our previous study, which is rather different from the general negative effects of pre-deformation on high-strength 7XXX aluminum alloys. In order to explain the strengthening mechanism relating to the positive effect, in the present study, the microstructure of the aged 7N01

A hybrid first-principles/Monte Carlo simulation is combined with experiments to study the structure and elastic properties of CoCrNix (x = 1–0.5) alloys. The experimental X-ray diffraction patterns show that the structures have changed from the single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) structure at x = 1–0.8 to the coexistence of FCC and the hexagonal close-packed structures at x = 0.7–0.5, which is

In this work, silicon@reduced graphene oxide/pyrolytic carbon nanofibers (Si@RGO/C NFs) composite with double modified layer is prepared through electrospinning, stabilization and carbonization. In this composite, polyethylene oxide–polypropylene oxide–polyethylene oxide (P123, a non-ionic surfactant) is introduced as the dispersant, which can make silicon nanoparticles evenly dispersed in electrospinning

The effect of long-term thermal exposure on the tensile behavior of a high W content nickel-based superalloy K416B was investigated. The microstructure and the deformation characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the phase transformation of the alloy during long-term thermal exposure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction patterns and differential

This study investigates the effect of solution treatment (at 470 °C for 0–48 h) on the microstructural evolution, tensile properties, and impact properties of an Al–5.0Mg–3.0Zn–1.0Cu (wt%) alloy prepared by permanent gravity casting. The results show that the as-cast microstructure consists of α-Al dendrites and a network-like pattern of T-Mg32(AlZnCu)49 phases. Most of the T-phases were dissolved

Coarse columnar β grains result in anisotropic mechanical properties in Ti alloys deposited by additive manufacturing. This study reports that Ti–6Al–4V alloy fabricated by coaxial electron beam wire feeding additive manufacturing presents a weak anisotropy, high strength and ductility. The superior tensile property arises from a microstructure with fine equiaxed β grains (EGβ), discontinuous grain

The solidification characterization of Mg–xZn–0.5Zr (x = 0, 1, 3, 4, 5 wt%) alloys has been extensively investigated through thermal analysis, microstructure characterization and thermodynamic calculations. The impact of Zn content on the grain growth restriction, dendrite coherency and thus the final grain size has been investigated and discussed. Increasing Zn content, the grain size of Mg–xZn–0

The emergence of eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) offers new insights into the design of next generation structural alloys, which is due to their stable dual-phase microstructure and outstanding mechanical properties from room to elevated temperatures. In this work, a series of (CoFe2NiV0.5Mo0.2)100−xNbx (0 ≤ x ≤ 12) EHEAs were designed and prepared via vacuum arc-melting. Typical eutectic microstructure

Effects of silicon on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 20% cold-worked 15–15Ti austenitic stainless steels are systemically investigated by uniaxial tensile tests, scanning and transmission electron microscope observations, and strength calculations. The results reveal that a large number of deformation twins are formed in the 20% cold-worked steels with various silicon additions. The

The Mg–9Al–5Sn−xSb (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 1.0, 1.5 wt%) alloys were prepared by a simple alloying process followed by hot extrusion with an extrusion ratio of 28.2. The effects of Sb additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mg–9Al–5Sn alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an

The influence of pH and metallographic structure on the corrosion behavior of copper–drawn steel is studied with the simulated system. The effect of pH on the corrosion behavior of copper–drawn steel has been investigated using open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, galvanic current measurement, scanning electron microscopy and scanning vibrating electrode technique techniques. The steel

The flow passage components in hydraulic machinery will be eroded rapidly when running in sand water. The wear resistance of materials commonly used in hydraulic machinery needs to be improved to prevent the failure of hydraulic machinery. New wear-resistant materials are urgently needed to improve the service life of hydraulic machinery. Eutectic high entropy alloy (EHEA) is a new kind of alloys with

The microstructure and anti-corrosion behavior of Mg–Mn alloys by magnesium scrap have been investigated in this study. The results show that the size of the Fe-rich particles in magnesium scrap decreases but the quantity increases with the Mn addition. Although the presence of Mn-containing Fe-rich particles with unique symbiotic structure can effectively weaken the micro-galvanic corrosion, the presence

Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviors of a second-generation nickel-based single-crystal superalloys with [001] orientation at 760 °C have been investigated. Different strain amplitudes were introduced to investigate the creep-fatigue effects. The LCF life of none tensile holding (NTH) was higher than that of the 60-s tensile hold (TH) at any strain amplitude. As the strain amplitude was 0.7%, the stacking

The mechanical behaviors of Zr43.5Cu43.5Ni4Al8Nb1, Zr55.4Cu31.6Ni4Al8Nb1, Ti32.8Zr30.2Ni5.3Cu9Be22.7 (at.%) metallic glass at different strain rates were studied. For all the present alloys, the dispersion over 700 MPa was observed on the strength in the repeated dynamic compressions, which was much stronger than that of the quasi-static compressive strength. Such the dispersion of the dynamic compressive

To enhance the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance, Zn was utilized as an alloy element to add in the AA5083 aluminum alloys. The effects of Zn content on the microstructures, mechanical properties and SCC resistance were systematically evaluated. The results demonstrate that in the studied range adding Zn can significantly improve the SCC resistance of the AA5083 alloys. This is related to

A U-shape clamp was designed to apply stress perpendicular to the interface of Cu/Sn/Cu solder joints, and its influence on the growth behavior of Cu–Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) during thermal aging at 150 °C was investigated. The results show that compared with the sample at general stress-free state, the growth rate of IMC under compression is faster, while that under tension is slower. Moreover

A high-ductility Mg–8.10Al–0.42Zn–0.51Mn–1.52La–1.10Gd–0.86Y (wt%) alloy was developed by hot extrusion and multi-rolling processes. Relationships between microstructure, mechanical properties and texture evolution of the extruded and rolled alloy were investigated. The rolling process had significant effect on grain refinement of the extruded plate. The grain size reduced from 12.3 to 4.9 μm with

The effect of stacking fault energy (SFE) on the grain structure evolution of face-centered cubic metals during friction stir welding was investigated by using pure aluminum, pure copper and Cu–30Zn alloy as experiment materials. Tool “stop action” and rapid cooling were employed to “freeze” the microstructure of the flowing materials around the tool. Marker materials were used to show the streamline

The pulsed power ultrasonic-assisted gas metal arc welding (PU-GMAW) is a new development hybrid welding method. The influences of the pulsed power ultrasonic on the microstructure evolution of the welded joint of Al–Cu alloy were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and electron back scattering diffraction. The results showed that the efficient heat

The effect of Al8Cu4Er phase on the corrosion behavior of Al–Cu–Mg alloy with rare earth Er addition in an under-aging state was studied. The results revealed that the addition Er into the Al–Cu–Mg alloy induced the formation of Al8Cu4Er phase. The Al8Cu4Er phase can significantly refine the grains during recrystallization, thereby suppressing the continuous precipitation of S-phase at grain boundaries

A new Mg-2.2 wt% Zn alloy containing 1.8 wt% Ca and 0.5 wt% Mn has been developed and subjected to extrusion under different extrusion parameters. The finest (~ 0.48 μm) recrystallized grain structures, containing both nano-sized MgZn2 precipitates and α-Mn nanoparticles, were obtained in the alloy extruded at 270 °C/0.01 mm s−1. In this alloy, the deformed coarse-grain region possessed a much stronger

Microstructural instability with the precipitation of topologically close-packed (TCP) phases of an experimental nickel-based single-crystal superalloy has been investigated. A significant amount of σ phases are distinguished in the interdendritic region of the as-cast samples after thermal exposure at 900 °C for 1000 h. The σ phases are preferentially precipitated at the periphery of coarse γ/γ′ eutectic