The liquid/solid (L/S) interface of dissimilar metals is critical to the microstructure, mechanical strength, and structural integrity of interconnects in many important applications such as electronics, automotive, aeronautics, and astronautics, and therefore has drawn increasing research interests. To design preferential microstructure and optimize mechanical properties of the interconnects, it is

The overarching goal of present study is to investigate the effects of Ir and Pd additions on the oxidation behaviour of PtAl coatings. Prior to depositing standard PtAl coating, Ir layer was electroplated by IrBr3 aqueous solution while Pd layer was prepared using electroless deposition. Comparing with normal PtAl coating, cyclic oxidation tests were carried out on both the Ir- and Pd-modified aluminide

The Mg–Gd–Y–Zn–Zr alloy sheets with different texture characteristics and distribution of the interdendritic long period-stacking ordered (LPSO) phases were fabricated through altering the final rolling reduction (FRR). The results showed that the texture characteristic was closely related to FRR and affected the tensile properties of the resulted sheets to some extent. The Schmid factor (SF) of the

In this study, Cu/WS2 self-lubricating composites are fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Interfacial microstructure and its effect on mechanical and tribological properties are investigated. High sintering temperature at 850 °C promotes decomposition of WS2 and its following interfacial reaction with Cu to form Cu0.4W0.6 nanoparticles and Cu2S, enhancing mechanical properties as well as wear resistance

The tribocorrosion behavior and degradation mechanism of 316L stainless steel, in four typically industrial corrosion media, under different potentials, were studied. The results indicated that they strongly depended on corrosion medium and electrode potential. When the potential increased from cathodic protection region to anodic region, corrosion was accelerated. It dramatically promoted mechanical

This study presents the fabrication of 14Cr Fe–Cr–Al oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloy by a direct oxidation process. In order to explain how oxide nanoparticles are formed in the consolidation process, the powders after oxidation are subjected to vacuum thermal treatment at high temperatures. Differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy

In this paper, microstructure characteristics and phase transitions of Fe-19 wt%Cr-9 wt%Ni nanocrystalline alloy are comprehensively studied during the mechanical alloying and hot pressing sintering processes. Corrosion resistance of the sintered Fe-19 wt%Cr-9 wt%Ni nanocrystalline alloy samples is further analyzed. During the mechanical alloying process, Fe-19 wt%Cr-9 wt%Ni nanocrystalline alloy powders

In this study, uniform Co3O4 nanoparticles are prepared via a simple and facile hydrothermal synthesis without calcination treatment. When the Co3O4 nanomaterials are investigated as anodes for lithium ion batteries, a good electrochemical property is achieved. Particularly, the reversible capacity of the as-synthesized Co3O4 nanoparticle has a significant growth from 383 mAh g−1 of the initial cycle

Dislocation behaviour of a twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel subjected to high-cycle fatigue tests is investigated in the present study. Grain boundaries are the important sources of dislocation generation during fatigue tests, contributing to the increase in dislocation density. Continuous emission of dislocations from grain boundaries is observed in many grains. Inclusions can sustain large

Based on the 3 factors and 3 levels orthogonal experiment method, compositional effects of Mg, Si, and Ti addition on the microstructures, tensile properties, and fracture behaviors of the high-pressure die-casting Al-xMg-ySi-zTi alloys have been investigated. The analysis of variance shows that both Mg and Si apparently influence the tensile properties of the alloys, while Ti does not. The tensile

The evolution of strain hardening behavior of the Fe50(CoCrMnNi)50 medium-entropy alloy as a function of the fraction of recrystallized microstructure and the grain size was studied using the Hollomon and Ludwigson equations. The specimens under study were partially recrystallized, fully recrystallized with ultrafine-grained microstructure, and fully recrystallized with coarse grains. The yield strength

By tailoring the reverse austenite transformation behavior of 9Cr oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic/martensitic steels, the residual ferrite in ODS steels can be controlled. The reverse austenite transformation behavior of ODS steels is closely related to the initial microstructure conditions prior to austenite transformation. For the spark plasma sintered steels, both the amount and size

The creep behavior of Fe–17Cr–1.2Cu–0.5Nb–0.01C ferritic heat-resistant stainless steel was investigated at temperatures ranging from 973 to 1123 K and stresses from 15 to 90 MPa. The evolution of precipitates after creep deformation was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectrum, and transmission electron microscopy. The minimum creep rate decreased with the decrease in the

The anisotropic ductility of a direct laser deposited 17-4 PH cubic part was investigated. Anisotropic elongations in the specimens from varied surfaces of the part were obtained: ~ 6.2%, ~ 1.5%, and ~ 4.5% in XY, YZ, and XZ samples, respectively. Furthermore, various orientations of ferrite were found in different specimens, taking the loading direction as reference. A finite element analysis depending

The process of preparing SiC fiber-reinforced γ-TiAl composites by the conventional methods is difficult and complicated due to the high reactivity, high melting point and poor deformability of γ-TiAl alloys. In this work, suction casting, a promising method for preparing SiCf/TiAl composite, had been attempted. In the process, γ-TiAl alloy melt was introduced rapidly into a mold within pre-arranged

Effect of Process Parameters on Defects, Melt Pool Shape, Microstructure, and Tensile Behavior of 316L Stainless Steel Produced by Selective Laser Melting.

An effective method based on laser etching and driving layer strategy was proposed to prepare patterned Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/glass substrate and thus to enhance the photoelectric properties. This method successively included depositing an aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) driving layer, laser etching, depositing an Ag layer, furnace annealing and laser removal.

To enhance durability and adhesion of superhydrophobic surface, an integrated superhydrophobic calcium myristate (Ca[CH3(CH2)12COO]2) coating with excellent corrosion resistance was fabricated on AZ31 magnesium (Mg) alloy via one-step electrodeposition process. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as X-ray

In order to improve the oxidation and wear resistance of blades tip of titanium alloys as well as the sealing performance of the gas turbine engine, a Ni/cBN abrasive coating was prepared on titanium alloys through composite electroplating. Oxidation, mechanical and tribological properties of the abrasive coating were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of the oxidation on the mechanical and tribological

Generally, the good combination of pre-deformation and aging can improve the mechanical strength of the Al–Cu–Li–Mg alloys. However, the effects of pre-deformation on competitive precipitation relationship and precipitation strengthening have not been clarified in detail in Al–Cu–Li–Mg alloys with high Mg. In the present study, the effects of pre-deformation level on the microstructure and mechanical

In this article, the influence of simulated thermal cycles for the heat-affected zone (HAZ) on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties in a low-carbon high-strength Cu-bearing steel was investigated by microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. The results showed that the microstructure of the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) and the fine-grained heat-affected zone

To explain the intrinsic mechanism of the yield plateau phenomenon in commercially pure titanium, the tensile behaviors of commercially pure titanium specimens after 91.6% cryorolling and subsequent annealing at 280 °C, 335 °C, 450 °C and 600 °C have been studied. The results show that the yield plateau phenomenon is a result of dislocation behaviors controlled by grain size and thus only exists within

The effect of hot rolling process on microstructure evolution, mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels was investigated by varying the finish rolling temperature (FRT) and total rolling reduction. The results revealed granular bainite with large equiaxed grains was obtained by a total rolling reduction of 60% with the FRT of 950 °C

In order to explore the effect of a small amount of rare earth addition in ultra-cleaned pipeline steel and the influence of the cooling process on the tensile and impact properties, three API X80 pipeline steels were fabricated by varying RE addition and the cooling process at the same time. Three microstructures with different features for a low C high Nb microalloyed high-strength pipeline steel

An α/β two-phase Ti–6Al–4V alloy was fabricated by electron beam melting to obtain a basketweave structure. The orientation dependence of the mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy was studied by micro-pillar compression and post-mortem transmission electron microscopy analysis. The results indicate that different grains have different mechanical responses, and the possible attributions were discussed

The aim of this work was to study the cytotoxicity of Ti–6Al–4V–5Cu (TC4–Cu) alloy for dental applications and evaluate the cell viability of different fabricated TC4–Cu alloys in contact with MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro. Ti–6Al–4V (TC4) alloy was used as a negative control to evaluate the cytotoxicity level of TC4–Cu alloy so as to provide basic support for the dental clinical application. Control group

High-temperature compressive deformation behaviors of Mg–6Zn–1.5Y–0.5Ce–0.4Zr alloy were investigated at temperatures and strain rates ranging from 523 to 673 K and from 0.001 to 1 s−1, respectively. The studied alloy was mainly composed of α-Mg, Mg3Zn6Y (I phase), Mg–Zn–Ce and Mg3Zn3Y2 (W phase). The constitutive equation of Mg alloy was obtained, and the apparent activation energy (Q) was determined

The effect of deformation behavior on the in vitro corrosion rate of Mg–2Zn–0.5Nd alloy was investigated experimentally after uniaxial tensile and compressive stress. The microstructure and texture were characterized using electron backscattered diffraction and X-ray diffraction, while potentiodynamic polarization and immersion tests were used to investigate the corrosion response after deformation

Primary dendritic arm spacing (PDAS) is an important microstructure feature of the nickel-base single crystal superalloys. In this paper, a numerical model predicting the PDAS evolution with additive manufacturing parameters using pulsed laser is established, which combines the theoretical PDAS models with the temperature field calculation model during pulsed laser process. Based on this model, processing

Aluminum–air (Al–air) batteries are promising candidates for energy storage applications because of their high theoretical energy density and low cost. Nevertheless, their developments have been severely hindered by multiple obstacles, among which the activation and self-corrosion inhibition of Al anode have been considered to be significant challenges. In neutral electrolytes, the main problem is

Molybdenum phosphide (MoP) has attracted extensive attention as promising anode candidates for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high specific capacity, low potential range and low polarization. However, severe volume changes and intrinsic low conductivity are major challenges for further application of MoP electrode materials. In this work, a coral-like MoP microsphere encapsulated by N-doped carbon

The safety issues and lower energy density of the lithium metal batteries are the two main challenges that hinder their applications in the fields of electric vehicles and portable devices. In this work, the semi-interpenetrated polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP)-based gel polymer electrolyte was synthesized through UV-curing method by employing the ethoxylated trimethylolpropane

The present work reports a systematic investigation on phase evolution, microstructure and microstructure–property relationship of two typical face-centered cubic (FCC) structured high-entropy alloys (HEAs), FeNiCoCr and FeNiCoCrMn, prepared via mechanical alloying (MA) followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Following 50 h of MA, the two HEAs consisted of a mixture of FCC and body-centered cubic

The precipitation behavior of different phases in a high-silicon stainless steel (6 wt% Si) during aging at 600–1050 °C for 24 h was investigated. The morphology, crystal structure and composition of various precipitates were detailly characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Four phases were mainly identified: χ-phase, M6C carbides,

To improve the interfacial conductivity and corrosion resistance of AISI430 stainless steel (430SS) as bipolar plates for direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs), a Nb0.8Zr0.2 layer has been successfully synthesized via the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on the surface of 430SS. This Nb0.8Zr0.2 layer is smooth, uniform, and comparatively compact without any surface flaw and micropore. Investigation

Stress-rupture properties of a Ni-base Re-containing single-crystal superalloy with three orientations have been tested under 900 °C/445 MPa. An obvious anisotropy of stress-rupture property is attributed to orientation reliant deformation microstructure. The good strength in [001] orientation is attributed to the rapid multiplication of dislocations active in horizontal channels and later γ’ cutting

Previous studies have revealed that laser power and energy density are significant factors affecting the quality of parts manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). The normalized equivalent density E0* and dimensionless laser power q*, which can be regarded as a progress on the understanding of the corresponding dimensional quantities, are adopted in this study to examine the defects, melt pool

Phase stability and its effect on tensile properties of MAR-M247 alloy have been investigated during thermal exposure at 800–900 °C for up to 10,000 h. Detailed investigations reveal that the larger secondary γ′ phase has no obvious growth, but the smaller tertiary γ′ phase obviously coarsens and the coalescence occurs during thermal exposure at 850 °C and below. γ′ coarsening behavior is consistent

On-line heating rolling mill which could efficiently preheat sheet and apply tensile force on both ends of the sheet along rolling direction (RD) was used to investigate the effect of tension on mechanical behavior and shape quality of magnesium sheets. For revealing the influence mechanism, many analysis techniques including optical microscope, electron backscattered diffraction, macrotexture and

We presented the solution of deformation-induced precipitation after homogenization to enhance the mechanical properties of Mg–6Zn alloys. The results show that the improved strategy exhibits more effective strengthening role than grain refinement methods based on low-temperature severe plastic deformation under the same strain. The low-temperature deformation with larger extrusion ratio results in

Conductivity and oxidation behavior of Fe-16Cr alloy were investigated under long-term stability operation at 750 °C and thermal cycles from room temperature to 750 °C. The results showed that the area specific resistance (ASR) of Fe-16Cr alloy increased over time and reached about 56.29 mΩ cm2 after 40,000 h of long-term stability operation at 750 °C by theoretical calculation. The ASR of Fe-16Cr

High-energy ball milling (HEBM) combined with powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced 7055Al composites. Two powder morphology evolution processes (HEBM-1 and HEBM-2) were designed to investigate the dispersion and damage of CNTs during HEBM process. HEBM-1 evolution process involved powder flattening, cold-welding and fracture, while HEBM-2 evolution process

This study focuses on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints of Q235 mild steel, which was formed by the friction stir welding (FSW). The results indicated that, after the FSW, the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the retreating side (HAZRS) and the HAZ of the advancing side (HAZAS) recovered under the influence of the heating cycle. The transformation of the phases in the thermo-mechanically

The relationship between microstructure morphology and mechanical properties of the low-carbon steel (Fe-0.20C-2.59Mn-2.13Si) treated by different intercritical annealed quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processes was investigated through interrupted tensile tests plus quasi-situ electron backscatter diffraction measurements. Results show that size and distribution of retained austenite (RA) directly

With the rapid development of indium tin oxide (ITO) in the electronic display industry, choosing which raw powders to prepare high-quality ITO targets has always been a controversial topic. In the work, in order to clearly understand the effect of the raw powders on the microstructure and properties of ITO targets and thin films, tin-doped indium oxide (dITO) and In2O3-SnO2 mixed (mITO) powders were

The Mg–12Gd–1Er–1Zn–0.9Zr (wt%) alloy with ultra-high strength and ductility was developed via hot extrusion combined with pre-deformation and two-stage aging treatment. The age-hardening behavior and microstructure evolution were investigated. Pre-deformation introduced a large number of dislocations, resulting in strain hardening and higher precipitation strengthening in the subsequent two-stage

The evolution of corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steels exposed to salt lake atmosphere for 8 years was investigated. The results showed that the stainless steel in salt lake atmosphere had a greater corrosion rate during the initial exposure time and relatively lower corrosion rate during the subsequent exposure time. Dust depositions accumulated on the downward surface caused severe local corrosion

A martensitic stainless steel AISI420 fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and post-processed by austenitizing and tempering heat treatment was investigated in this study. The as-fabricated SLMed AISI420 showed a strong mechanical property anisotropy and low ductility in the longitudinal direction. Detailed microstructural characterization revealed the presence of austenite and a relatively

Effects of electropulsing treatment (EPT) on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a cold-rolled 316L austenitic stainless steel with nano-lamellar structure were investigated. The EPT experiments were carried out with the electric current direction along the rolling direction (RD) and the transverse direction (TD) of the samples, respectively. Significant anisotropic electroplastic

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of AISI 304 pipe girth welds which were welded by a single-pass laser beam welding (LBW) and a multi-pass tungsten inert gas welding (TIG), respectively, was studied by the slow strain rate tests combined with the electrochemical corrosion tests. The results show that fracture of both the TIG joint and LBW joint occurs in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). According

We elucidate here the effects of annealing twins on phase transformation products based on electron back-scatter diffraction analysis and corresponding microstructure visualization and quantification methods. Martensite and bainite were obtained by rapid continuous cooling and isothermal processing at different temperatures, respectively, which were designed to study variants formed in austenite with

Corrosion behavior and mechanism of irradiated 304 nuclear grade stainless steel were studied in simulated pressurized water reactor primary water. The microstructure of the oxide formed on the steel irradiated to different doses over an exposure period range of 25–1500 h was analyzed and compared. It was found that the general and intergranular corrosion rates of the steel were increased with irradiation

In this work, water cooling, air cooling (AC) and furnace cooling (FC) were applied to investigate the effect of cooling rate on microstructure evolution of primary γ′ in a newly designed Ni3Al-based alloy. The results showed that nucleation rate of primary γ′ increased with increasing cooling rate. In addition, higher cooling rate shortened growth period of primary γ′, which made its morphology close

In this study, Cu nanoparticles-coated graphene nanoplatelets (Cu-NPs@GNPs) were synthesized by a simple in situ method with the assistance of NaCl templates and used for reinforcing Al–10Si composites through stir casting process. The experimental results showed that the coating of Cu-NPs on the GNPs could compromise the density mismatch between GNPs and metal matrix and effectively hinder the float

Recently, exploring appropriate anode materials for current commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with suitable operating potential and long cycle life has attracted extensive attention. Herein, a novel anode of Bi nanoparticles fully encapsulated in carbon nanosphere framework with uniform yolk–shell nanostructure was prepared via a facile hydrothermal method. Due to the special structure design

In this study, the corrosion behaviors of an as-extruded Mg–4%Zn–2%Y–1.8%Nd (in wt.%) alloy in different physiological saline solutions were investigated and compared. The results indicated that the alloy in the 9 g/L NaCl had the higher corrosion resistance than that containing with CaCl2 and NaHCO3. Moreover, it demonstrated that the corrosion behaviors of the alloy in two types of solutions were

Bio-magnesium alloys have received great attention due to their degradability and biocompatibility. Corrosion fatigue failure is a huge challenge in vivo for bio-magnesium alloy implants. Understanding the effects of twinning textures on the corrosion fatigue of magnesium alloys is meaningful for the applications. In the current study, pre-compression strains of 2% and 4% were carried out on extruded

In this study, typical microstructural characteristics of a metastable β Ti alloy (Ti–5Al–5Mo–5V–3Cr–1Fe) forged in a dual-phase region (strain of 54% at 820 °C) were investigated in detail by the combined use of X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron channeling contrast imaging and electron backscatter diffraction techniques. Results show that the microstructure of the forged

Microstructural evolution during severe plastic deformation and mixing of Mg95.8Zn3.6Gd0.6 and Mg97Cu1Y2 (at%) alloys upon friction stir welding was studied. A laminated onion-ring structure composed of alternative distribution of layers with significantly refined microstructures from different alloys was formed in the stirred zone. Coarse quasicrystals were broken up and dispersed with most of them

Basic fundamentals governing the hydrogenation of Zr and its alloys have both theoretical and practical importance. In this work, first-principles calculations have been performed to evaluate the relative stabilities of various possible phases in ZrHx (x = 1–2) under different temperatures and pressures. It was predicted that fct-γ and ε phases with various different H-atom configurations can be energetically