The β-phase stability and deformation behavior patterns of two β-type titanium bioalloys, viz. Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr (TNTZ) type and Ti-Nb-Ta (TNT) type, processed by a series of intense plastic deformations have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Firstly, theoretical analysis was carried out, including an estimation of possible deformation mechanisms based on the electronic parameters of the

Li3/8Sr7/16−xAxZr1/4Nb3/4O3 (A = Ca, Ba) ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The structures of prepared ceramic materials changed from cubic perovskite to tetragonal tungsten bronze with increasing barium (Ba) content as indicated by the x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Li3/8Sr7/16−xBaxZr1/4Nb3/4O3 (x = 0.05, 0.10) samples are mixtures of perovskite and tetragonal

The study of submerged entry nozzle clogging dynamics mainly focuses on the interface wetting behavior. So as to understand the effect of the interface electric field on the wetting behavior between the immersion nozzle and the molten steel, electrowetting experiments and field industrial tests were performed. The results show that the wettability between the iron droplet and the nozzle constituent

In this work, 0.5 mol L−1 HCl and 0.13 mol L−1 FeCl3 have been used as leaching solution of industrially wasted copper at room temperature. Copper recovery from the leaching solution has been studied by batch electrodeposition at room temperature and either by using different constant current densities or by pulsing the current. The deposits obtained at 20 mA cm−2 show low efficiencies and are mainly

Controlled diffusion solidification (CDS) is a promising casting process. It depends on mixing two precursor alloys that have different masses and temperatures. After the mixing, anomalous grains with many morphologies form in the CDS microstructure. The formation, solidification, and stability of the anomalous grains are investigated in the present study. The high impingement velocity between the

Lubrication-free deep drawing with metal matrix composite (MMC) tool surfaces leads to scores and grooves due to particle penetration into the formed sheet metal, and results in high local contact pressure in the radius of the deep drawing tool. To improve on this, the ratio of contacting area to total area must locally be increased in high-load regions of the tool surface. Multi-stage laser melt injection

Corresponding author designation is missing for Jin Chen in the original publication of this article.

To improve our understanding of prehistoric casting methods and materials, simulations for copper arsenic (As-Cu) alloys with up to 15 wt.% As were calculated. Cooling curves and the secondary dendritic arm spacings (SDAS) for the alloy were plotted and calculated, respectively, under non-steady-state conditions with a time-stepping procedure for prehistoric mold materials (e.g., quartz sand, sandstone

Michael J. Zehetbauer’s name appears incorrectly in the original electronic version of this article. It has been corrected here.

The electrochemical performance of fluorinated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (F-MWCNTs) as a new type of conductive agent for Li–SnO2 batteries has been studied. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were fluorinated to obtain F-MWCNTs with core–shell structure (fluorocarbon atomic ratio C/F = 1:1). The unique tubular structure of the F-MWCNTs allows more Li+ ions and electrons to enter the channel

Metallurgical simulation and evaluation of the resource efficiency of whole production processes are of key importance for sound environmental impact assessments. Exergy dissipation analysis is suitable to quantify the theoretical limits of a process and pinpoint hotspots for improvements along the value chain. Production of NdFeB permanent magnets is evaluated herein using a simulation-based life

With the rapid increase of photovoltaic (PV) system production and installation, the recycling of end-of-life PV modules has become an important issue. In this paper, the recovery of Si by separating the layers of end-of-life PV modules using KOH-ethanol solution was investigated. Compared with traditional swelling or dissolving reagents (such as benzene and trichloroethylene), KOH-ethanol is a green

High-quality silica was prepared from copper smelting slag through a method of in situ modification. The effects of the addition of an amount of polyethylene glycol-6000 as a modifier, the modification temperature and the modified endpoint pH on the particle size and specific surface area of the silica were systematically studied. It has been shown that the particle size, specific surface area, and

Almost every metal mass product goes through a blanking process. Especially when processing aluminum, adhesive wear is the main determinant of cost efficiency. Many investigations on wear-influencing factors have been conducted so far, but one major determinant is almost unnoticed, thermoelectric phenomena. Due to the Seebeck effect, thermoelectricity arises in every blanking tool. Recently published

One of the technical challenges with the recovery of valuable materials from end-of-life (EOL) photovoltaic (PV) modules for recycling is the liberation and separation of the materials. We present a potential method to liberate and separate shredded EOL PV panels for the recovery of Si wafer particles. The backing material is removed by submersion in liquid nitrogen, while the encapsulant is removed

The recovery of crystalline silicon from diamond-wire cutting waste with microwave-assisted hydrochloric acid leaching was studied. The experimental results indicated that the optimum conditions for the hydrochloric acid concentration, liquid–solid ratio, leaching time, leaching temperature and particle size were 2 mol/l, 6:1 ml/g, 10 min, 100 °C and 98 nm, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the

For economic and environmental reasons, dry forming is of increasing interest due to the shortening of process chains, cost savings and reduction of environmental pollution. The aim of these investigations is to examine to what extent chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond coatings are suitable for dry forming of aluminum and to identify the surface topology requirements for a low friction coefficient

A novel “wheel-and-axle” architecture (c-P6)m/(FeBz)n, with (c-P6) denoting the wheel formed by six porphyrin-based segments and (FeBz)n the axle formed by the 1D iron benzene multidecker complex, is designed, and its electronic structure, transport property, and linear photoresponse are investigated. (c-P6)m/(FeBz)n shows a spin-polarized transport property. The spin filter efficiency of (c-P6)m/(FeBz)n

The demand for crystalline silicon wafers is continuing to increase. It is inevitable that high-purity silicon will be lost as loose abrasive slurry silicon powder (LASSP) and diamond wire saw silicon powder (DWSSP) during the process of wafer preparation. For this reason, some advanced processes or methods require further development to solve the problems of the high production cost, silicon wafer

The microstructure and mechanical properties as well as the formation and morphological evolution mechanism of micro–nano TaC carbide prepared by an in situ casting–heat treatment reaction and chemical extraction method have been investigated. The size of the TaC particles was approximately 50–900 nm. The formation process and mechanism included nucleation growth of TaC grains and a diffusion-type

Fayalite is widely used in various fields based on its structural characteristics and only exists in weak reducing environments. Excess ZVI (zero-valent iron) is used to regulate oxygen fugacity when synthesizing fayalite. This paper investigates the function of ZVI during the formation of fayalite. The results indicate that ZVI plays two main roles: it is used as an oxygen scavenger to keep the atmosphere

The effects of trace silver (Ag) on the precipitation behavior of strengthening phases and the mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloys have been investigated by performance testing, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Ag retarded the aging response of the Al-Cu alloys. The density of the θ′′ and θ′ phases decreased with increasing Ag content in under- and peak-aged alloys

In China, a special anode design with a button in each stub hole is adopted by many smelters. To investigate the effects of the stub hole button on the anode, numerical simulations of the anode rodding process and the running process of the conventional anode without a stub hole button (design A) and the special design (design B) were conducted. In anode rodding, design B shows worse cooling capacity

A strip-casting simulator has been successfully developed to simulate the initial contacting conditions between the twin roller and melt during the strip-casting process, in which the peak/average heat flux, secondary dendrite arm space and cooling rate of the martensitic strip cast are similar to those observed in the actual strip caster. During the casting experiments, a layer of dark deposited film

There are three major classes of cardiovascular implants that can benefit from biodegradable materials: coronary/peripheral stents, occluders for heart defects, and embolic devices. We review the progress made in these three device classes, and offer our own prognosis for where the technology needs to improve. Although there has been product withdrawals of an approved fully resorbable stent (Absorb

The effects of carbon and nitrogen on hydrogen embrittlement were investigated in stable austenitic stainless steels, Fe-15Cr-15Mn-4Ni-0.3Si with 0.3C or 0.3N (wt.%). The steels were electro-chemically charged under two different conditions and tensile tested at a slow strain rate. Hydrogen degraded the tensile properties in both alloys via different mechanisms. Hydrogen severely weakened the grain

Thermal energy storage using phase change material (PCM) is needed for renewable power generation using solar energy. In the present investigation, the discrete-ordinate method is used to numerically investigate the radiative transport in a two-dimensional finned cylinder containing an absorbing-emitting PCM. The enthalpy-porosity method is used to track the melting-solidification interface. This study

The aluminum spent cathode carbon block (SCCB) is defined as a hazardous material because it contains soluble fluoride and toxic cyanide compounds. To make the SCCB harmless, it has been proposed to separate the carbon and fluoride salts using a high-temperature resistance furnace. To evaluate the temperature distribution and heat transfer of the furnace, the effective thermal conductivity of SCCB

Abstract The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of two popular magnesium cast alloys, namely Mg–Al–Mn alloy (AM100) and Mg–Zn–Cu alloy (ZC63), and their saffil alumina short-fiber-reinforced composites have been investigated. The results reveal that the mechanical behavior of the magnesium alloy metal matrix composites (Mg-MMCs) was influenced by the nature of the base

Abstract Mn-Ga and Fe-Cr-Co have potential use as components in exchange-coupled composite magnets. Herein, we prepared Mn-Ga composites through mechanical alloying, which was followed by sintering. During high-energy ball milling, Fe-Cr-Co powder was added into the Mn-Ga powder to form a composite. The main phases in the composites existed as pure Mn and pure Ga in the as-milled state; subsequently

Abstract Resistance spot welding of similar AISI-1008 steel plates and dissimilar AISI-1008/Al-1100 alloy joints were carried out using a graphene nanoplatelets interlayer and the underlying strengthening mechanisms were discussed. Weld strength of the joints depends on the welding current/time used for the resistance spot welding. An enhancement of ~ 49% and ~ 124% was reported at certain parameters

Abstract A composite material with applications in optoelectronics has been investigated. Pulsed laser deposition CdSe-doped glass film was prepared by the combinatorial deposition from two targets, namely pure CdSe and glass belonging to the 20Li2O-10Al2O3-7BaO-2La2O3-2ZnO-59P2O5 system. Exciton peaks in the Vis domain, related to electron–hole pairs transitions from the valence band to the conduction

Abstract Thermoelectric materials convert heat flux to electricity (or vice versa as Peltier coolers); however, their application to harvest waste heat is limited by challenges in fabrication and materials optimization. Here, cold-spray deposition is used as an additive manufacturing technique to fabricate p- and n-type Bi2Te3, on substrates ranging from quartz to aluminum. The sprayed material has

Abstract It is known that acoustic cavitation is one of the mechanisms resulting in the dispersion of small particles in liquid metallic alloys. Previous research has shown that the contactless electromagnetic method can be used to induce such cavitation and disperse particles in metals, where the application of a high-frequency alternating magnetic field plus a static magnetic field results in pressure

Abstract Multilayered Al-Cu composites were fabricated successfully by constrained high-pressure torsion (HPT) in a Bridgeman anvil type unit under an applied pressure of 6.0 GPa after ten turns. Due to the good strain compatibility of Al and Cu, achieved during HPT, separate discs bonded without pores and cracks. Microstructural characterization of the processed disks showed that the originally flat

Abstract Considerable efforts have been made to manufacture composite materials with low density and to enhance the specific strength of metals and alloys by adding boron carbide particles. One of the major factors in enhancing the mechanical properties of these composites is the interfacial characteristics of the metal/ceramic interface, particularly the strength of the bonding between the metal/ceramic

Abstract The low-temperature phase (LTP) of the binary MnBi alloy system is well recognized for its potential to yield the highest maximum energy product value among the rare earth element-free permanent magnets. However, studies have revealed that the magnetic properties of LTP-MnBi are extremely sensitive to the purity of the LTP phase, and the major challenge lies in the formulation and selection

Abstract Due to the importance of the physicochemical properties of slag in the recovery of low-titanium ores and by-products, the equilibrium phase relationships of the CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2 system were experimentally determined using a high-temperature equilibration and quenching method at 1300°C and 1400°C. The equilibrium information was obtained by scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive

Abstract As one of the major irradiation defects, helium bubbles have a marked influence on the microstructures and mechanical properties of metals. In recent decades, many experiments and simulations have focused on helium bubbles to reveal their nucleation and growth mechanisms, dynamic evolution under stimulations, and their effects on mechanical properties. With the quick development of various

The authors regret that the following mistakes were made.

Abstract Sulfur (S)/silicon dioxide (SiO2)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) ternary composites with potential application in high-performance lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been prepared by a heat treatment method. The S/SiO2/MWCNT composite with MWCNT content of 20 wt.% exhibited efficient electrochemical performance for use as a cathode in Li-S batteries, with initial discharge capacity

In this review article, the latest applications of machine learning (ML) in the additive manufacturing (AM) field are reviewed. These applications, such as parameter optimization and anomaly detection, are classified into different types of ML tasks, including regression, classification, and clustering. The performance of various ML algorithms in these types of AM tasks are compared and evaluated.

Abstract This paper introduces a new concurrent topology optimization approach based on adaptive geometric components for designing and fabricating cellular composites using 3D printing. The key idea behind this approach is to model adaptive geometric components by projecting them onto macro- and microelement density fields, combining them to calculate the effective densities of grid elements. The

Abstract A rubrene-based nanostructure has been prepared by applying the evaporation method at room temperature. The 60Co \( \gamma \)-ray irradiation effects on the electrical properties of the rubrene nanostructure were also examined by measuring current–voltage values. Standard, Norde, and Cheung methods have been used to obtain series resistance, interface states, barrier height, and an ideality

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the behavior of high-calcium coal ash in the high-temperature zone of a blast furnace. The radius distribution function, coordination number, structural unit, transform performance, and fluidity were analyzed. The results showed that CaO did not cause significant variation of the Si-O bond length in the aluminosilicate, except when the

A framework for adopting machine learning is presented for both analysis and design of microlattices, which can be fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. Building on graph autoencoders in the deep learning realm, a learning algorithm is designed within an encoder and a decoder (autoencoder), which are responsible for analysis and design of microlattice architectures, respectively. Microlattices

Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) in situ mechanical testing has become a widely utilized tool for simultaneously measuring mechanical properties and understanding fundamental deformation mechanisms in irradiated and nuclear materials. Although tensile and compression specimen geometries are among the most common, opportunities remain for investigating alternative geometries that could provide

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of solid lubricants on the friction and wear behavior of Cu-based thermal-sprayed coatings. The ultimate goal was to identify the friction coefficient behavior of these systems as well as establish an understanding of the interfacial processes. Experiments were conducted using a flat-on-flat apparatus with uncoated pins against Cu-based thermal-sprayed

Nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) nanorods with spinel structure have been synthesized using a template-free hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared nanorods were studied by x-ray diffraction analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements. Binder-free NiCo2O4 and NiCo2O4/carbon nanotube electrodes were fabricated via an electrophoretic

The deformation of materials at cryogenic temperature is of interest for space, arctic, and fundamental science applications. In this work, a custom-built cooling system attached to a commercial picoindenter was used for in situ cryogenic microcompression testing of equal-channel angular-pressed copper with real-time electron backscatter diffraction. Stress-driven grain growth at cryogenic temperatures

Laser shock peening (LSP) is a mechanical surface treatment which can induce large compressive residual stresses and microstructural changes in a material by using repetitive shocks from laser pulses. In this work, the surface integrity (surface microstructure, topography, hardness and residual stress) of a LSP-treated powder metallurgy Ni-based superalloy was investigated for the first time. LSP treatment

A compact TiC-Fe gradient coating with high hardness and toughness has been fabricated on cast iron by two-step in situ reaction. The phase constitution of the coating was TiC and α-Fe. As the thickness of the coating was increased, the size (about 6.34 μm to 0.54 μm) and volume fraction of TiC particles gradually decreased. The formation mechanism of TiC was nucleation-growth of TiC grains (the first

Microstructural analysis of copper clad steel (CCS) wires was performed after annealing using electron backscattered diffraction and a transmission electron microscope. Precipitation at the Cu/Fe interfaces was investigated, and the grain refinement mechanism was discussed. The results showed that elongated grains of copper and steel were gradually transformed into equiaxed grains after annealing.

In situ electron diffraction was used to study structural transformations during the formation of Co-In2O3 ferromagnetic nanocomposite thin films in a thermite reaction of In/Co3O4 bilayer thin films. Heating was performed from room temperature to 600°C at a rate of 4°C/min, while simultaneously electron diffraction patterns were recorded at a speed of 4 frames/min. This made it possible to determine

The rising use of titanium dental implants has increased the prevalence of peri-implant disease that shortens their useful life. A growing view of peri-implant disease suggests that plaque accumulation and microbiome dysbiogenesis trigger a host immune inflammatory response that destroys soft and hard tissues supporting the implant. The incidence of peri-implant disease is difficult to estimate, but

This article presents a novel coupling of numerical techniques that enable three-dimensional convection-driven microstructure simulations to be conducted on practical time scales appropriate for small-size components or experiments. On the microstructure side, the cellular automata method is efficient for relatively large-scale simulations, while the lattice Boltzmann method provides one of the fastest

Printing of metallic films has been preferred over vacuum technologies for roll-to-roll processes because of faster processing times and lower processing costs. Films can be produced by depositing inks containing suspended metallic particles within a solvent and then heating the films to both remove the solvent and sinter the particles. The resulting printed structure and electrical and mechanical

Oxygen is always a constituent in "real" titanium alloys including titanium alloy powders used for powder-based additive manufacturing (AM). In addition, oxygen uptake during powder handling and printing is hard to control and, hence, it is important to understand and predict how oxygen is affecting the microstructure. Therefore, oxygen is included in the evaluation of the thermodynamic properties