The miscibility, lattice parameter, and thermophysical properties of (Th0.2U0.8)N and (Th0.5U0.5)N have been investigated. It is shown that additions of thorium nitride (ThN) to uranium nitride (UN) increases the thermophysical performance of the mixed nitride fuel form in comparison to reference UN. In the more dilute limit, additions of ThN serve as a burnable neutronic poison and reduces the change

Low shear strength (30 MPa) organic films were grown in situ on Pt0.9Au0.1 surfaces via cyclic sliding contact in dry N2 with trace concentrations of ambient hydrocarbons. We present a systematic investigation of the stress- and time-dependent film formation. Steady-state friction coefficients were found to be as low as µ ~ 0.015 and inversely proportional to contact pressure, revealing non-Amontonian

To develop inexpensive high-strength high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings, microstructure, hardness and wear behavior of AlxCoCrFe2Ni (with x = 0.3, 0.7, 1.0) high-entropy alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding were investigated in this work. It was found that the phase composition and microstructure of coatings with high Fe content could be tailored by adjusting Al content. Addition of Al could cause

This paper presents a simple equation for the stress relaxation modulus, G(t), of nanocomposite biosensor and blend films by relaxation time, yield stress, zero complex viscosity, and power-law index. The correctness of the advanced model is assessed by the measured results for the examples containing poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, the roles

This study explores the benefits of utilizing recently developed protocols for microstructure quantification and the multiresolution mechanical characterization of Ti-based bulk metallic glass matrix composites. Four alloys with different compositions and amorphous (glass) fractions were studied. Microstructure quantification of the amorphous and crystalline phase in these alloys was performed using

Free-standing thin films of polyaniline (PANI) with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were synthesized and studied for variations in the structural, optical, and thermal properties with changing polyaniline concentration in the composites. Fourier transform infrared spectra show interactions between polymeric entities. XRD shows an increase in peak intensities with polyaniline with an exception at 50% polyaniline

Binders are important components in (Ti,M)C-based cermets and affect the sintering behavior. In this study, the effect of binder content ranging from 8 wt.% to 20 wt.% on the sintering behavior, microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and fracture morphology of (Ti,M)C-based cermets were investigated. The results indicate that the change of binder content affected the dissolution–precipitation

We have designed and fabricated four previously unexplored body-centered cubic (BCC) single phase VCrMo, VCrMoNb, VCrMoTa, and VCrMoNbTa refractory medium- to high-entropy alloys using a simple thermodynamic approach. The effectiveness of this approach was further theoretically and experimentally demonstrated by using calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) simulations and arc-melting synthesis, respectively

Millions of tons of dust produced in the process of gas cleaning are accumulated in dumps located near metallurgical plants. Such dust contains harmful impurities (Zn, As, Pb, and P), thus its recycling by the agglomeration method can lead to either environmental contamination or furnace damage. Hence, prior separation of iron from the impurities is required to improve the efficiency of the recycling

Magnesium vanadates are important chemical products for luminescent materials and energy storage and also important intermediate substances during vanadium extraction, whose solubility behavior is, however, ambiguous and controversial. In this work, three common magnesium vanadates, namely, magnesium ortho-, pyro-, and metavanadate, were synthesized by a solid–solid synthesis method with MgO and V2O5

A method of ranking the rate of corrosion of metals in molten fluoride or chloride salts is proposed based on a zero-resistance ammeter (ZRA). The metal of interest for the corrosion study is shorted to a relatively noble metal counter electrode. Stainless steel 316 was tested in FLiNaK (LiF-NaF-KF). Haynes 230, stainless steel 316L, and Hastelloy C-22 were tested in MgCl2-NaCl-KCl. The ZRA oxidation

To improve the performance of Mo-based cermets, Mo-(Ni)-Al2O3 cermets were prepared with raw materials of nano-sized Al2O3 powder. The effects of Al2O3 and Ni additions on the densification behavior, microstructure, bending strength, and hardness of the Mo-(Ni)-Al2O3 cermets were experimentally analyzed. The results showed the content of Al2O3 had a great influence on the degree of densification of

High-temperature oxidation resistance of Nd–Fe–B magnetic powder is of great importance for its application in bonded magnet fields. In this work, the refinement and surface modification of Nd–Fe–B magnetic powders were integrated and achieved simultaneously. The effects of phosphoric acid, isopropyl tris-(dioctyl pyrophosphate acyloxy) titanate (ITDT), and the synergistic addition of them on the oxidation

A novel Fe-Cr-V-C plasma transformed arc (PTA) coating of 4 mm thickness was successfully deposited on a mild steel substrate, which constitutes a relatively smaller amount of carbide-forming elements such as Cr and V compared to previous studies. PTA coating was found to be free of any surface or transverse crack and porosity. A detailed phase analysis was performed using XRD, optical and SEM coupled

Hydrogenated silicon nitride films (SiNx:H) deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) have been studied to passivate defects with hydrogen in the bulk of multicrystalline silicon wafers. Extensive analysis of the PECVD process was carried out to identify the parameters that control the SiNx:H material composition and that mainly influence its mass density and hydrogen content.

Coal fly ash, commonly produced from thermal power plants, is not only an industrial waste but an aluminum-rich resource that needs to be disposed of properly. This study aims to extract aluminum from coal fly ash using pressurized sulfuric acid (H2SO4) leaching and to investigate the dissolution mechanism during the leaching process. The effects of initial concentration of H2SO4, reaction temperature

Graded structural materials (GSMs) with variable performance and composition have a full application in the aerospace industry. Hybrid additive and subtractive manufacturing is very convenient to fabricate GSM by adjusting the composition of the deposited materials, removing the excess parts and improving the overall dimensions. Crack is a very significant defect in blocky GSM components because of

This work discusses the effect of electrode position on the electrical characteristics of a submerged arc furnace. A 3D model has been developed in ANSYS Maxwell using an eddy current solver that considers alternating current. The model includes flexibles, busbars, and the whole furnace. The furnace model contains electrodes, main arcs, craters, crater walls, and side arcs that connect the electrode

In this article, nickel (Ni) coating was constructed on brass substrate by a simple electrodeposition technique, and myristic acid/TiO2 composite (MTC) modifier was used to modify Ni coating. The chemical composition and surface morphology of MTC confirm that myristic acid (MA) was successfully grafted on TiO2 nanoparticles. As a comparison, the structures of the Ni coatings were modified by MTC or

We studied the lamellar level correlations between the local composition and local mechanical properties in the femur of two inbred strains of mice (A/J and C57BL/6J (B6)), with known differences in the average mineralization and long-bone mechanical properties, to gain insights into how their extracellular matrix is mineralized. The local elastic moduli and indentation yield strengths were determined

AISI 431 bead-on-plates were deposited on AISI 1010 by laser cladding, since it is a well-known corrosion-resistant material. The effects of laser power, scanning speed, powder feed rate and focal distance on the coatings’ geometry and dilution ratios, as well as microstructure evolution, iron dilution and microhardness of the beads were evaluated by optical and electron scanning microscopes, the last

We demonstrate the opportunities of first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the development of new metallurgical refining processes. As such, a methodology based on DFT calculations is developed to discover new pyrometallurgical refining processes that use the addition of a third element to remove an impurity from a molten host material. As a case study, this methodology is

Medium oxygen-enriched blast furnaces that utilize reducing gas injections are a feasible new ironmaking process that can significantly reduce the coke ratio and carbon dioxide emissions. To better inject the reducing gas into the blast furnace, two injection methods were designed in this study, and the effects of the reducing gas on the combustion of pulverized coal in three types of medium oxygen-enriched

Top blown O2 + CO2 mixed injection technology with a swirling oxygen lance nozzle, which supports a larger jet radial velocity than the conventional oxygen lance nozzle, improves the impact area of the jet and thus the process efficiency of converter smelting. In this study, the jet characteristics of a 90% O2 + 10% CO2 mixture injected through a full-scale four-hole swirl nozzle was simulated and

Mylonite rocks of the Abu Rusheid area, Southeastern Desert of Egypt, were physically upgraded producing Zr, Ti, Nb, and REEs concentrate. Comparative fusion digestion studies of the concentrate using NaOH and KOH were carried out. Dissolution efficiencies of 83.4%, 99.8%, 69.7%, and 97.1% for Zr, Nb, Ti, and REEs, respectively, were accomplished using NaOH under 1023 K, 90 min, 1:1.25 ratio, and 74

The Peirce–Smith (PS) converter is one of the pyrometallurgical copper smelting processes, in which the flow field in the converter has an important influence on production efficiency. In this study, a CFD simulation of the air–oil–water cold model with a ratio of 1:5 was adopted to investigate the gas–liquid–liquid three-phase flow characteristics. The effect of nozzle height on the flow field, velocity

A particle-free surface coupled model has been developed using the Eulerian–Eulerian approach for revealing the gas–steel–slag multiphase flow in the vacuum chamber of a 210-ton RH degasser. The particle submodel preferred to predict the gas–steel and gas–slag interpenetrating phenomena, while the free surface submodel focused on tracking the steel–slag interface flow. The mesh sensitivity analysis

Purging plugs employed in ladles in the steel industry undergo severe thermomechanical loads owing to the cyclic operations, including preheating, transporting, stirring, and holding stages. For the smooth running of the process with less downtime, the lifespan of the purging plug needs to be aligned with the overhaul interval without failure. In the present study, to identify the thermomechanical

A 2D coupled electromagnetic-fluid-thermal analysis based on the Fluent software and the “User-Defined Functions” was performed to investigate the effects of conductive circuits on the bonding quality of a bimetallic composite roll produced by the electroslag remelting cladding (ESRC) process. Three typical conductive circuit schemes were designed and the distribution characteristics of physical fields

Oxygen-powder injection from a BOF lance has received much attention in attempts to improve refining efficiency, but knowledge of particle-induced erosion to the lance nozzle, as one of the foreseeable concerns in such a process, is still limited. Thus, numerical studies on gas-particle flow through a Laval nozzle were performed to clarify what the nozzle erosion distribution is and how it is influenced

Additive manufacturing usually involves the complex interaction of design, materials, and manufacturing, often resulting in long and cost-intensive iterative evaluation cycles. Therefore, it is critical for it to be aligned with the Materials Genome Initiative to develop, produce, and deploy high-throughput components. Recognizing a need, this study leverages a feature-based qualification (FBQ) methodology

The current study focuses on the cavity formation induced by jet impingement with the help of numerical simulations based on a deformed mesh method. The interface between the liquid phase and gas phase separates the calculation domain into two single-phase domains, which exchange momentum data except for mass transfer. For the subsonic jet flow, the results show that the cavity depth is a decreasing

Insights into dispersed phases, such as bubbles and droplets, and multiscale interfaces in a gas-stirred ladle are of great significance to multiphase systems of metallurgical reactors, but are still challenging and not fully understood. A direct numerical simulation of dispersing phases was developed, coupling a sub-grid-scale large-eddy simulation for turbulence in fine grids with local refinement

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) provides fine spatial resolution for additively manufactured (AM) objects. Development of a new LPBF machine technology enables the incorporation of multi-directional compositional gradients. A sample with six compositional regions ranging from 100% titanium to 100% tantalum perpendicular to the build direction was produced, while also changing the processing parameters

In order to effectively improve the environmental problems caused by steel slag stacking, the air-quenching process of molten steel slag was carried out, and the properties of the air-quenched steel slag (AQSS) has been investigated by various characterization methods. The results show that the main phases of AQSS were Ca2SiO4, RO phase (solid solution formed by MgO, FeO, and MnO) and Ca2Fe2O5. The

Ti-6Al-4V is one of the most promising alloys for electron beam melting (EBM) of structural parts due to its outstanding properties and its extensive use in the aerospace, automotive, and energy industries. In this study, we report a detailed and systematic micromechanical characterization of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V parts produced via EBM. The specimens were characterized by microhardness

Copper–nickel (CuNi) and graphene nanoplatelet-reinforced CuNi (CuNi-G) nanocomposite coatings were prepared on the surface of stainless-steel substrates in a citrate bath using direct current (DC), pulse current (PC), and pulse reverse current (PRC) electrodeposition techniques. The effect of various electrodeposition currents on the morphology, composition, contact angle, microstructure, microhardness

Different drag laws and turbulence models were compared to evaluate gas distribution and fluid flow velocities in a Rheinstahl–Heraeus (RH) reactor. The discrete phase model was adopted to track injected gas bubbles, and the volume of fluid model was applied to describe a more actual free surface. The prediction accuracy of the numerical model was evaluated by the measured flow velocity in an air-water

The design of materials with good strength and ductility is still a challenge to current materials science. Here, we propose a two-step aging method to balance the comprehensive mechanical properties in near-β titanium alloys by designing multiscale α precipitate distribution. Phase-field calculations in Ti-V binary alloys are used to screen the heat treatment process by changing the microstructure

The quantitative description and theoretical research on the stability of the electromagnetic field interfacial wave in aluminum electrolysis cells are the key to achieving high energy efficiency and operational safety. The magneto-hydrodynamics equations were established based on the theory of electromagnetics and hydrodynamics and applied to a 500-kA cell. The Fourier series expansion and finite

Side-blown smelting technology has been widely adopted in the copper smelting process. In this study, the stirring uniformity of molten bath and the smelting efficiency of the copper smelting process was improved by a computational fluid dynamics method. Simulation of the gas–slag–matte three-phase flow in the furnace was performed by the volume of a fraction multiphase model coupled to a realizable

This paper provides an overview of recent developments in vapor explosion studies, including small- and large-scale experiments, and vapor explosion modeling. Modeling is most often carried out on large-scale systems since these models are often used at an industrial scale. Small-scale experiments typically have a configuration of droplet impingement, whereas large-scale experiments more frequently

Aluminum-based alloys with advanced processing and service properties are required for the automotive and airspace industries. The current study focuses on the microstructure, recrystallization behavior, and elevated- and room-temperatures tensile properties of the novel Al-Cu-Er-Zr-based alloy pretreated using different homogenization annealing regimes. Aluminum solid solution, Al8Cu4Er phases of

The flow, solidification, and solute transport behaviors in the 380 × 280 mm2 bloom center under the effect of final electromagnetic stirring (F-EMS) were investigated using a mathematical model. The results of nail shooting tests and infrared carbon-sulfur analyses are in good agreement with the simulated solidification and carbon concentration results. When F-EMS was installed 13.6 m below the meniscus

A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to study momentum transfer from the plasma arc jet to the slag bath in a direct-current (DC) ilmenite smelting furnace. The arc was approximated with a steady-state turbulent gas jet that had a thrust equivalent to that of an arc. First, a sensitivity study was performed to understand the analogous turbulent gas jet chosen to represent the arc. Then

An n-ZnO/p-Si heterojunction was elaborated using the sol–gel spin-coating technique and simulated by two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations. The structural, optical, electrical, and photoelectrical properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the hexagonal würtzite structure of ZnO. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a homogeneous granular structure

Iron is one of the unwanted impurities in Al-Si alloys owing to its detrimental influence on the ductility. This work deals with developing a new Al-13Si alloy with high Fe concentration, without significant decrease in its ductility. The formation of the detrimental Fe-rich intermetallics was controlled with the addition of Ni with subsequent heat treatment. Tensile testing, electron microscopy and

The application of direct quenching after hot rolling of plates is being employed in the production of ultra-high-strength hot rolled plates. When heavy gauge plates are produced, the complexity involve in achieving high cooling rates in the plate core is increased and the formation of undesirable soft phases within martensite is common. In the current paper, both direct quenching and conventional

Epitaxial thin and thick lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films with the composition of PbZr0.7Ti0.3O3 were grown onto single-crystal SrTiO3 (100), (111), and (110) substrates using both microwave and conventional hydrothermal methods at 90–180°C from amorphous Zr-Ti hydrous oxide and lead acetate precursors. Different bases, such as KOH, NaOH, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate (TMAH) were

Al-6061 alloy-based metal-matrix composite samples processed by the stir casting method have been investigated experimentally. Fly ash, an industrial waste byproduct, or rice husk ash, an agricultural waste, was used as the reinforcing material, collected from local sites and sieved to three different sizes. These sets of each type of composite were prepared with 15 wt.% of fly ash or rice husk ash

Graded porous structures, combining the high stiffness of bulk designs and the robustness of porous structures, have received increasing attention in the fields of topology optimization and additive manufacturing. This study aims to experimentally investigate the properties of topology-optimized and additively manufactured graded porous structures, with comparisons to conventional bulk designs and

Topology optimization offers a mathematical framework to determine the most efficient material layout and shape for prescribed objectives, constraints, material behaviors, and operational conditions. While the application of topology optimization for continuum-scale structures and material behavior is quite mature, there remains great potential for topology optimization to advance the frontiers of

Hierarchical α microstructure in a metastable β Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr (wt%, Ti-5553) alloy has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Novel high-index {10 9 3}<3 3 1>β type deformation twins were characterized in the 10% cold-rolled Ti-5553. Without the pre-formed deformation twins, refined α microstructure and super-refined α microstructure were achieved

In total hip arthroplasty, the hip joint is replaced by artificial materials. The fibrous tissue that re-forms around the hip joint after surgery plays an important role in joint stability. Here, the morphological and mechanical properties of the scar tissue that forms around implants composed of either polymer and metal or ceramic are compared with native tissue removed during an initial total hip

Hot compression deformation behavior of the Cu-0.45Cr-1.0Ni-0.28Si-0.14Co alloy was studied by a thermal-mechanical simulator at strain rates of 0.001–1 s−1 and deformation temperatures of 700–900°C. The microstructure and texture of the copper alloy after the hot compression deformation were investigated. The results showed that the flow behavior of the Cu-Cr-Ni-Si-Co alloy was significantly affected

The structural and nanomechanical properties of Cu(InxGa1–x)Se2 films deposited on Si(100) substrate at different temperatures (25°C to 500°C) by one-step radiofrequency magnetron sputtering are discussed. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a dominant (112) diffraction peak. The surface morphology was examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The film composition

We developed a Finnis–Sinclair potential suitable for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of solidification of Al3Sm alloy. The MD simulation showed a layer-by-layer solid–liquid interface (SLI) motion mechanism in the [001] direction. The SLI migration seems to be satisfactorily described by Wilson–Frenkel theory in the temperature interval from 0.7Tm to Tm. It was found that the SLI passes an atomic

Nanoporous CoFe2O4 loaded with Pt-Ag was prepared by dealloying melt-spun Al-Co-Fe-Pt-Ag ribbons and then calcining to increase their hydrogen evolution ability. Results revealed that noble Pt and Ag nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed and loaded on CoFe2O4 nanosheets. When the precursor alloy was Al90.80Co3Fe6Pt0.08Ag0.12, the obtained sample exhibited the highest hydrogen evolution rate of

Mussels, which are marine creatures, stick strongly to various substrates underwater using foot proteins rich in amino acids like L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). This stimulates the synthesis of catechol-containing polymers that possess strong underwater adhesion; consequently, the mechanism is ascribed solely to catechol functionality. However, polymers' adsorption state and hence adhesion are

Though a fine-scale second-phase distribution is a potent strengthening mechanism for alloys, achieving a high precipitate density is often difficult owing to sluggish precipitation kinetics and limited nucleation sites. More specifically, in case of transition-element-based complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) or high-entropy alloys (HEAs), precipitation of the equilibrium strengthening phase, such