Considering the long time spent in low frequency cyclic fatigue tests, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of loading frequency (2 Hz and 20 Hz) on the flexural fatigue strength (FFS) and on the time and number of cycles to failure of a leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic. Disc-shaped specimens were produced using leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic CAD/CAM blocks (IPS Empress CAD), according to ISO

In the natural environment, the horns of yak possess remarkable structural mechanical properties to protect the head from injury. In this paper, quasi-static compression and dynamic impact tests were conducted on yak horn in different regions under axial and lateral conditions to evaluate mechanical properties such as elastic modulus, ultimate strength and energy absorption. Meanwhile, the failure

This paper presents the results of theoretical and experimental studies of the compressive deformation of bamboo (Bambusa Vulgaris-Schrad) in the middle section. The deformation mechanisms are elucidated via in-situ observations of deformation in specimens oriented for loading in directions that are either longitudinal or transverse. Compressive deformation is shown to result in progressive micro-buckling

This study examined the effect of the cooling rate on the hardness and its effect on the microstructure during porcelain firing simulation of a Pd–Ag–In–Sn−Ga metal-ceramic alloy. In practice, after each firing step for porcelain bonding, the prosthesis is cooled to room temperature before proceeding to the next firing step. The cooling step is known to allow the hardness of the metal substructure

Metals and alloys are used widely in bone prosthetic materials, stents and dental tissue reconstructions. The most common materials are stainless steels and cobalt-chromium-nickel and titanium alloys. These alloys can be easily deformed but are hard to break. However, their affinity for cells and tissues is very low. In addition, they can sometimes provoke unexpected metal allergies. Iron is an abundant

Bamboo has been widely utilized as a load bearing material in building construction since ancient times by taking advantage of its excellent mechanical performances under loading as well as its low density and rapid growth. Applications of bamboo to engineering, architecture, and infrastructure require an in-depth understanding of the relationship between its morphology and mechanics, including how

Liquid-filled capillary tubes are common structures in nature and engineering fields, which often function via vibration. Although liquid-solid interfacial tension plays important roles in the vibration behavior of the liquid-filled capillary tube, it remains elusive how the interfacial tension influences the natural frequency of capillary tube vibration. To address this, we developed a theory of beam-string

There is no ideal implant for mechanical strut on early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) after core decompression. In this study, a biogenic trabecular porous titanium rod with lamellar configuration was designed and fabricated using selective laser melting technique. Early-stage ONFH of sheep induced by cryo-insult were dealt with core decompression combined with rod insertion (Rod group)

Biaxial tensile testing of the silicone elastomer fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) for wearable biomedical devices is presented. Silicone elastomer has unique mechanical properties ideal for stretchable parts in wearable biomedical devices. Biaxial tensile testing, in comparison to the uniaxial tensile and compression tests, is more representative for materials with large, multidirectional

For tissue engineering (TE), triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) have received widespread application, as they produce smooth surfaces and pore interconnectivity, which can satisfy the biological/mechanical requirements and efficiently construct many complex bone scaffolds. To control the microstructure of the scaffold and mimic the anisotropy of native tissue, a design approach for heterogeneous

In some clinical cases, attending to the type and extension of the Achilles tendon injury, a partial replacement of the tissue may be needed. Driven by this, the authors developed different structures based on polypropylene (PP) or poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) multifilament yarns, using a textile technology-based technique, in order to mimic the fibrous structure of tendons. Those structures

Selective Laser Melting allows for the creation of intricate porous structures, that possess favourable biological properties. These structures are known as porous biomaterials. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the use of an in-line photodiode based process monitoring system, for the monitoring of the operational behaviour of the laser, and to correlate this with the resultant parts mechanical

Grasses represent the most productive and widely grown crop family across the globe but are susceptible to structural failure (lodging) during growth (e.g., from wind). The mechanisms that contribute to structural failure in grass stems are poorly understood due to a lack of systematic studies of their biomechanical behavior. To this end, this study examines the biomechanical properties of sweet sorghum

Despite the great potential of Mg and its alloys as material for biodegradable implants, their low resistance to the simultaneous action of corrosion and mechanical stresses in the human body have hampered their use. Stress Corrosion Cracking has been reported as one of the most critical failure modes to overcome to allow such materials to be clinically applied. Thus, in this paper we investigate the

Objectives To evaluate the effect of different endodontic irrigation protocols on dentin mechanical properties and fracture resistance of roots with 0.5 mm (weakened roots) and 1.5 mm of thickness. Method Irrigation protocols were the following: Distilled water (DW) + EDTA; grape seed extract (GSE) + EDTA; sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + EDTA; NaOCl + EDTA + GSE; calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) + EDTA;

When the head is rotated rapidly, the movement of the brain lags that of the skull. Intracranial contents between the brain and skull include meninges, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cerebral vasculature. Among the cerebral vasculature in this space are the parasagittal bridging veins (BVs), which drain blood from the brain into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), which is housed within the falx cerebri

Patient-specific 3D printing template is used in mandibular defect reconstruction with multiple deficiencies. During the operation, the template can accurately transfer the preoperative design, assisting surgeons to complete the surgery with high efficiency and accuracy. The template design has been continuously improved to obtain good application for miscellaneous classification and description. This

Surgical treatment for spinal disorders, such as cervical disc herniation and spondylosis, includes the removal of the intervertebral disc and replacement of biological or artificial materials. In the former case, bone graft is used to fill the space, and this conventional procedure is termed anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). The latter surgery is termed as artificial disc arthroplasty

The objective of this study is to elucidate the interdependence of competing mechanical degradation processes in biphasic dental materials with ceramic constituents in the region of high-pressure occlusal loading. It is hypothesized that wear resistance in this region correlates inversely with basic material parameters (modulus, hardness, toughness, strength) evaluated from 'standardized' test specimens

Purpose Intraoral adjustments of monolithic zirconia (MZ) necessitate intraoral grinding and polishing procedures, causing surface topography changes. The effect of various polishing and glazing procedures on surface roughness, topographical and phase changes of CoCr compared to zirconia, and assessment of the wear of the opposing dentition has been evaluated in this study. Materials and methods One

A novel and economic device is developed for simulating the physiological mechanochemical conditions. The degradation behaviors of poly-lactic acid (PLA) based composite reinforced with magnesium alloy wires (Mg wires/PLA) under dynamic compression and bending loads are investigated. The results denote the dynamic loads significantly influence the degradation behaviors of the composite. The dynamic

The aim of this study was used a weighted topology optimization method to design a patient-specific mandibular implant for reconstruction and restoration of appearance in patients with severe mandibular defects. A finite element (FE) model was constructed and the defect region was defined from the unilateral first premolar to the second molar. The reconstruction implant included main body, fixation

Background Minimally invasive vertical extraction devices have been developed to minimise the need for flap surgery and trauma to alveolar bone during tooth extraction. The objective of this study was to measure the forces required for vertical tooth extraction and evaluate the determinants of these forces. Methods The investigators coupled a precision load cell with a Benex® extractor to record extraction

Objective the present study evaluated the effect of the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and Pressureless Sintering (PLS) methods on the physical and mechanical properties of ZrO2-bearing Lithium Silicate (ZLS) glass-ceramics. Method SPS and PLS methods were used for fabricating of the zirconia-bearing Lithium Silicate glass-ceramics. Several sintering temperatures were applied in order to achieving the

Objectives To compare the shear bond strength of composite-resin cement to nano-structured alumina-coated versus to tribochemical silica-treated zirconia, and to analyze the residual stresses on both of nano-structured alumina-coated versus tribochemical silica-treated zirconia specimens. Methods One hundred and eighty zirconia disks (10 mm and 5 mm in diameter, 5 mm thickness) were divided into two

This study aims to develop a corona discharge process for a surface treating a glass-ceramic, feldspar porcelain, to improve its bonding to a resin cement with a silane-coupling agent. Corona discharge, a type of plasma process, was performed using a custom-made device on a porcelain surface at temperatures ranging from 25 to 300 °C, for specific treatment times in air. The porcelain was then subjected

The objective of this study was to determine force-based lumbar spine injury criteria due to vertical impact using Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) experiments. Mounted personnel in military vehicles sustain such loads from the pelvis in combat events such as underbody blast loadings. Forty-three post mortem human subject thoracolumbar spinal columns were obtained, screened for pre-existing trauma

Melt electrowriting (MEW) has grown in popularity in biofabrication research due to its ability to fabricate complex, high-precision networks of fibres. These fibres can mimic the morphology of a natural extracellular matrix, enabling tissue analogues for transplantation or personalised drug screening. To date, MEW has employed two different collector-plate modalities for the fabrication of constructs

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of a ceramic primer and its increased passive application on the fatigue performance of adhesively cemented lithium disilicate simplified restorations. Ceramic discs (Ø = 10 mm; thickness = 1.0 mm) were submitted to an in-lab simulation of CAD/CAM milling and allocated into 8 groups (n = 15), considering 2 factors: “surface treatment”– PRIMER, only coupling

The Hounsfield unit (HU) obtained from high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been used to assess lung pathology. However, lung mass density has not been quantified in vivo noninvasively. The objective of this study was to develop a method for analyzing lung mass density of superficial lung tissue of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and healthy subjects using a deep neural network

As a supplement to our investigation into R-curves in a short-fiber reinforced dental resin composite, we investigate the effects of 2-months water storage. Water degrades the siloxane bonds linking matrix and fibers, which potentially decreases toughness in conventional composite resins. However, fiber-reinforced systems are unaffected as the toughness is dependent on fiber bridging, which is only

Coralline hydroxyapatite (CHA) has been used in clinical for over 20 years. However, coral is an endanger species and has been banned from mining. In addition, coral artificial bone has slow biodegradation of the defects, hindering the growth of new bone. In order to explore the natural coral artificial bone substitute materials, this work proposed using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) to fabricate