The objective of this study was to evaluate the fatigue performance of the composite specimens combined by OGFC and the underlying dense-graded layer (OGFC-AC) by conducting overlay tester (OT) tests. Other two types of specimens, including single layer OGFC13 and single layer AC20, were fabricated to make comparable analysis with OGFC-AC composites. For OGFC-AC specimens, the effects of tack coat

In this paper, the bond durability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars in seawater sea-sand concrete (SWSSC) under the coupling effect of seawater immersion and sustained load was experimentally investigated. The test parameters included bar diameter (12 and 16 mm), immersion time (90, 180, and 270 days), and sustained load condition (loaded and unloaded). Test results showed that for the

Low quality kaolins (LQK) were used as supplementary cementitious materials to investigate their influence on paste rheological performance. Flow properties incorporating 20 wt% calcined clay with/without fine aggregate were determined. Flow properties were significantly affected by metakaolin content rather than material particle size, surface area or porosity. Accurately analyzing paste rheology

Due to the large amount of CO2 emissions produced nowadays by the construction sector, the scientific community is looking for measures that will bring constructions to the be as environmental-friendly as possible. One of the most popular lines of research is the use of construction waste as recycled aggregates for the production of recycled aggregates concrete. Regarding the use of coarse recycled

Carbonated fine steel slag (CSS) can be used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) to enhance the sustainability of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). However, the role of CSS on the mechanical performance of UHPC containing coarse aggregates (UHPC-CA) has not been well understood. Here, the influence of cement substitution by CSS on the hydration products, microstructure, mesoscale fracture

Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cements (CSA) are considered as an alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) for some applications. There is still a lack of knowledge on their durability and degradation mechanisms. The goal of this study is to investigate the influence of CSA cement composition on CSA cement paste durability. In addition to a commercial cement, two CSA cements with different amounts of

Rubberized concrete is one of the solutions to the disposal problem caused by large amounts of untreated waste rubber. To assess the performance of existing concrete structures, non-destructive-testing techniques offer a direct, quick, safe and reliable means of assessing the performance of concrete structures. Several researchers have proposed relationships, often of an exponential form, between the

Fly ash (FA) with high glassy phase content is a pozzolanic material with low activity, while carbide slag is a solid waste with portlandite crystals embedded in the impurity phases. Herein, wet-grinding method was used twice to improve the pozzolanic reactivity of FA and promote the dissolution of embedded calcium hydroxide in the CS as a lime source, respectively. Wet-grinded FA slurry (WFA) with

Today, the idea of functionally graded material (FGM), which refers to using different materials in multiple layers to improve overall system performance, is commonly used in various engineering sciences. The present study investigates the fracture behavior (modes I and III) of the functionally graded concrete pavement (FGCP) when the bottom layer is RCC (roller compacted concrete) and the top one

In the present paper, the effect of cracks in low shrinkage engineered cementitious composite (LSECC) on chloride penetration is investigated by pre-inducing bending cracks in LSECC beams. The cracked beams with different crack width were soaked with 3% in weight of sodium chloride solution undergo soaking and drying cycles from the bottom of the beams. Four LSECC mixtures with water to binder ratio

Efficient and practical techniques to simulate aging of asphalt mixtures is a focus area for practitioners around the world. In this study, a laboratory procedure was developed for accelerated aging of loose asphalt specimens using highly oxidative gas consisting of two types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) i.e., ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The procedure involved the aging of loose mixtures

This study aims to explore the mechanical and micro performance of seawater and sea sand concrete under accelerated carbonization environment. This study designed a total of 8 mix ratios, mainly to explore the effects of different water-cement ratios and different mineral admixtures (FA and LC2) on the properties of seawater and sea sand concrete after carbonization. To better evaluate and understand

In this study, we investigated the durability of adhesive bonds in the cross-laminated lumber of seven hardwood and two softwood species from the Great Lakes region. The 2-layered cross-laminations were glued using phenol resorcinol- and melamine-based structural adhesives. A total of 720 cross-laminated wood blocks were tested for delamination by exposing the samples to cyclic (wet-dry) conditions

An innovative system of pre-cast high performance concrete pre-walls, combined with low-cement cast-in-situ lightweight concrete core, is studied experimentally from the standpoint of the thermophysical properties of the concrete compositions under various hygroscopic conditions. Thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity and thermal diffusivity are experimentally determined, by a transient method

Foam concrete is conventionally used in non-structural applications (e.g. thermal and acoustic insulation) due to its lightweight nature and poor mechanical properties. However, interest in adopting foam concrete as structural components has increased phenomenally in recent years due to its lightweight and sustainable feature. A new type of foam concrete termed as carbon nanofibers enhanced lightweight

Strength is one of the most important properties of high performance concrete (HPC). Effects of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), aggregate, fiber, curing method, superabsorbent polymer (SAP), expansion-promoting additive (EPA), shrinkage reducing additives (SRA) and water-to-binder (w/b) ratio on the strength of HPC are reviewed. In general, incorporation of SCMs increases the strength

Concrete structures may experience unexpected cracking at an early age. Early age cracking can be induced by restrained deformations where tensile stress generated in concrete exceeds its tensile strength. The restrained concrete ring test is often used to evaluate the ability of concrete to resist early age cracking induced by shrinkage. This paper proposed an analytical model of the restrained ring

This study proposes the surface-perforated mortar (SPM) to mitigate railway noise. As one of the most emerging noise problems, railway noise deteriorates the quality of human lives. This paper investigates the sound absorption performance of SPM and it is compared to that of porous concrete which has been adopted as a potential solution for railway noise. The effects of hole size and depth, and surface

Reinforcement corrosion is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structure. Corroded RC beam-column joint experiences large deformations under the earthquake, which results in the deterioration of the seismic behavior. Although researches on the uncorroded joints strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets have been conducted, investigations on the corroded

Natural rock is a very common building material, and its stability plays an important role in the safety and durability of tunnels, rock slopes, and other projects. However, tunnels and other underground projects often face the threat of disasters such as fires, and during their service, the surrounding rocks are also subject to erosion by acidic groundwater. Therefore, it is of great engineering significance

Often concrete structures cannot be regarded as monolithic since discontinuities like cracks and joints develop inevitably during construction and service life. Joints are not only introduced coincidentally at interfaces of different concreting steps, they are also induced deliberately to release stresses due to thermal actions or shrinkage in a controlled manner. This results in a change of material

Interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is of paramount importance to the durability of concrete. However, the evolution of damage characteristics and mechanical properties of ITZ under dry-wet cycles and sulfate erosion were not fully investigated in the literature. Therefore, this paper presents the expansive model of ITZ based on cylindrical cavity expansion theory, following by calculation of mechanical

It has been demonstrated that humidity, or water vapor, is a non-negligible contributor to moisture damage of asphalt pavements. However, little work has been done regarding the effect of humidity on the performance of asphalt mixtures. The objective of this paper was to investigate the linear viscoelastic (LVE) properties of asphalt mixtures under different humidity conditions. Specimens were first

In the process of repairing concrete structures with epoxy coatings, fillers are added for modification so that the coating has sagging resistance and good mechanical properties. This requires comprehensive material design. In this paper, three inorganic fillers (cement, bentonite, and talc) were used to study the effect of fillers on the rheological properties (viscosity, thixotropy) and tensile strength

Recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) have received the attention of several researchers over the last few decades to overcome aggregate shortages and to push towards sustainable and environmental-friendly concrete. Nevertheless, utilizing recycled aggregates at a full replacement level may cause a reduction in its fresh, mechanical, and durability characteristics compared to concrete produced with normal

This study evaluated the potential for improving the cracking resistance of microsurfacing mixtures using polymer and fiber additions. Three mixtures were evaluated in this study: a fiber reinforced mixture using 1/4″ glass fibers, a polymer (SBR) enhanced emulsion, and a mixture using a combination of polymer and fibers. The polymer enhanced samples and the combination samples showed improvements

The pavement skid resistance is of vital importance for road safety and maintenance. The existing studies mainly calculates various parameters of pavement texture to evaluate the skid resistance. However, most researchers mainly calculate the whole texture parameters, but rarely consider which part of the texture is actually involved in the friction. This paper studies the measurement and calculation

In this paper, the structural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams containing high volume ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) in replacement of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and natural coarse aggregate (NCA), respectively, with lime activator is studied. Nine beams of different combinations of RCA and GGBFS with/without lime and superplasticiser

The viability of using vegetable Ampelodesmos Mauritanicus (Diss) fibers to develop lightweight construction material was investigated in this paper. The objective of this work is to assess the physico-mechanical properties of Diss fibers reinforced concrete sample with fibers to binder volume ratio ranged from 0 (control specimen) to 4. In order to mitigate the inhibitory effect exerted by vegetable

The present study proposes to improve the performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) subjected to the internal steel corrosion by conducting the pre-treatment on recycled aggregate (RA). A sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) slurry and a diluted water glass (WG) solution were taken for the RA pre-treatment, respectively. Test results show that the RAC as modified by both the two RA treatments presented

To accurately describe the linear viscoelastic properties of asphalt and asphalt mastic, the authors proposed a fractional differential constitutive model called the generalized fractional differential Zener (GFDZ) model. Then, by means of the GFDZ model, the dynamic and static viscoelastic properties of two kinds of asphalt and two kinds of asphalt mastic were described and predicted. Finally, the

In order to study the different mix proportions on rheological properties of cemented coal gangue backfill (CGB). Firstly, by single-factor test, the appropriate dosage ranges of mass concentration, fly ash content and fine gangue ratio were determined. Then on this basis, by response surface methodology, the quadratic polynomial regression models of yield stress and plastic viscosity were constructed

To investigate the dynamic deterioration rules of pavement concrete during the service period, the strength, durability, and pore structure parameters under phased fatigue loading tests were tested. The variation trends of the performance with loading times were analyzed, and the evolution process of the microstructure under fatigue load was observed. The results show that the attenuation tendency

This study presents a procedure for design and preparing the open-graded asphalt (OGA) mixture used in the semi-flexible pavement (SFP) according to the principle engineering characteristics and performance. In this study, different aggregate gradations, cellulose and synthetic fibers, modified and neat asphalt binders, and air void contents were used to prepare the OGA mixtures. Furthermore, several

Fatigue damage is the process of material fatigue failure caused by cyclic loading, and the development of damage degrades the material properties. This paper aims to investigate the fatigue degradation law of cement-treated base (CTB) materials using a discrete element method (DEM) simulation technique. A fatigue evolution model was adopted to characterize the time-dependent fatigue damage under cyclic

This review article presents a critical analysis by compiling the previous research studies with an emphasis on the optimization of fibre reinforced concrete to enhance its strength against different load regimes with a special focus on thermo-mechanical load conditions. The historical background, a description of the evolution of concrete as a material for advanced structures, and the fundamental

Composite grouting material (CGM) is an important part of constructing the semi-flexible pavement (SFP). The usage of CGM can improve pavement durability and rutting resistance in heavy-duty traffic. Owing to the environmental protection and performance requirements for grouting in loose sediments, the geopolymer grouting material (GPGM) as a new type of CGM is designed by a combination of powder materials

In recent years, the magnesium phosphate cement (MPC)-based polymer is a potential type of material to quickly repair existing structures due to some distinguished advantages. In this paper, a series of experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of the nano-Al2O3 (NA) substitution rate, water glass (WG) substitution rate and immersion time on the bond behavior between the magnesium

Fly ash is the main waste generated from coal production. The application of fly ash in building materials helps reduce pollution. In the present work, a novel reaction-type nucleation seed accelerator with D50 of 512 nm was prepared from coal fly ash using wet-grinding technology, denoted as WFA seed. The physical and chemical performances of WFA seed and its promotion effect on hydration, strength

The storage and handling of mine tailings (MTs) pose significant economic and environmental problems and finding suitable recycling or re-use alternatives for MTs is an on-going process. One of those alternatives is creating MTs-based adobes or compacted MTs, which then can be used in construction materials and ground stabilization applications Therefore, the fully understanding of the mechanical and

Concrete experiences expansive deformation at high temperatures. The thermal stress resulted in the development of cracks inside the concrete members. To investigate the free expansive deformation of concrete during the heating process, the concrete specimens were heated from room temperature to different target temperatures with an electric furnace. The temperature in the furnace was maintained at

This study investigated the late age rehydration of UHPC matrix containing metakaolin (MK) under long-term water curing (90–365 d). The UHPC matrixes were divided into two series including binary mixtures incorporating MK and ternary mixtures incorporating MK and limestone powder (LS). Steam curing (variable curing temperature and duration) and standard curing were performed on the UHPC matrix before

Concrete structures suffer some damage yet not failed under fatigue load, and then continue to bear 3D redistributed stress. For this, the 3D fatigue loading considering various fatigue factors (e.g. confining stress, axial static stress (ASS) and force amplitude (FA), frequency, and cycle number) is first carried out, and then the 3D static loading is performed. The post-fatigue characteristics of

Recently, foam concrete (FC) has been widely considered due to higher workability, lightweight, lower cost, thermal and fire resistance relatively to conventional concrete. This study intends to measure the properties of FC incorporating bottom ash (BA) as fine aggregates (FA) and polypropylene fibers (PPF). A total of 18 concrete mixes were produced with two cement contents: 300 and 400 kg/m3. In

Microcracks are the inherent feature of concrete and this feature also persists in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) just like a conventional concrete. Due to external loading and chemical reactions, microcrack spreads, causing harmful species to enter the concrete causing durability of the concrete to deteriorate. In this study, the precipitations of bacterially induced CaCO3 were introduced in RAC

This paper aims to study the effects of different sand grading and salinity of mixing water on setting and hardening of cement mortar. For this purpose, a newly developed measurement method based on ultrasound pulse echo technique was used. Using this method, the attenuation coefficient and the modulus of reflection coefficient are measured to characterize the early age behavior of tested mortars.

This paper discusses applying a two-parameter “residual strength” phenomenological model to plain concrete. The model accounts for the concrete strength's stochastic nature and relates it to fatigue life scatter through the Strength-Life Equal-Rank Assumption (SLERA). Checked on a series of literature data, the model allows recovering the static strength statistical distribution from the fatigue data

In this study, an innovative smart concrete block (SCB) using a smart ultra-high-performance concrete integrated with the multiple channel wireless sensing system was developed to monitor the loss of pre-stressing stress and the partial damage of pre-stressing steel (PS) tendons. The electromechanical behavior of the four corners of the SCB as a function of the compressive stress was investigated.

Aggregate size is usually measured by manual sampling and sieving. Machine vision techniques can provide fast, non-invasive measurement. However, the traditional imaging method using a single size descriptor to discriminate different sieve-size classes of coarse aggregates might not yield high-precision classification results. To determine the optimum supervised machine learning model for coarse aggregates

Design and construction of pavements and structural foundations on soft ground are risky and costly projects for civil engineers because of the low bearing capacity of soil and the massive amount of granular fill required for replacing it. Improvement of the soft ground using natural materials is a sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective technique for providing a stable and supportive base for various

The simple operation of one-part geopolymer has shown promising practicability for future in-situ construction similar to ordinary Portland cement. Intending to meet the demand of various industrial applications such as 3D printing, this study aims to tailor the early-age properties of one-part fly ash/ground granulated blast-furnace slag (FA/GGBS) geopolymer through the utilization of hybrid activators

This study investigated the potential effect of the non-woven geotextile reinforcing of the clayey sand treated with the copper slag (CS)-based geopolymer. To this end, preliminary tests such as standard compaction, P-wave velocity, pH, and Atterberg limits (Plasticity index) were conducted on variously treated samples. In addition, complementary tests including unconfined compressive strength (UCS)

Cracks are the most important source of information about the damage that occurs to unreinforced masonry piers under seismic actions. To predict the structural state of unreinforced masonry piers after an earthquake, research models have been developed to quantify important features of crack patterns. One of the most used crack features is the width, but this can be influenced by several parameters