The performance characteristics of bitumens and Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) Mixtures modified by Nano TiO2 were evaluated through this study. For investigating the physical and rheological behavior of bitumens, penetration grade, softening point, ductility, linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS), Rotational Viscosity (RV), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR), Multiple Stress Creep Recovery

Understanding building envelope thermodynamics is an essential foundation of building sciences, mainly due to the envelope’s role as a boundary layer for exterior environments, as well as a container and regulator of internal microclimates. This paper presents a scoping literature review of select Non-destructive Testing (NDT) techniques for building envelope scanning and surveying for thermodynamic

At present, the need to include waste materials such as waste rubber as a part of building materials is getting more attention rather than any other time. The incorporation of waste rubber as a part of building materials decreases the landfills and reduces the consumption of virgin raw materials. Most of the previous studies incorporated waste rubber as a part of aggregate(s). Thus, this work is the

The interface between bricks and mortar is often the weakest part of masonry structures. For refractory linings, the interface strength must be measured at high temperature. Adapted slant shear tests and a new dedicated tensile test set up are proposed here for this purpose. To test the ability of the proposed method, it was applied on two representative brick/mortar couples from room temperature up

The objective of this study was to evaluate the construction, material characterization, initial structural assessment, and cost of a novel jointless Engineered Cementitious Composite Ultra-Thin Whitetopping (ECC-UTW) overlay. After construction, early-age cracks (from less than 0.25 mm to up to 2.54 mm width) were observed in the 101.6-mm (4 in.) jointless ECC-UTW section; yet, the majority of the

As a new type of cement-matrix composite material, coral aggregate concrete exhibits excellent properties, such as local material availability and enhanced efficiency, while being cost-effective. Coral aggregate concrete can be viable for construction on islands and reefs. Reinforced concrete structures generally exhibit low durability in marine environments, owing to long-term corrosion by chloride

Influence of temperatures and water contents on the electrical resistance and piezoresistivity of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) cement mortar were investigated in this paper. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and equivalent circuits were determined to explore the conductive and mechanical mechanism. Results indicated that the electrical resistance decreased with the increasing CNFs dosages in

In this paper, changes in the compressive strength, microstructure and magnetic properties of a high-calcium fly ash geopolymer subjected to elevated temperatures were studied. Geopolymer paste specimens were exposed to temperatures of 60, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 °C with an increase rate of 5 °C/min, followed by a 60 min calcination period and natural convection cooling to ambient temperature

Balancing the permeability with the compressive strength of pervious concrete is essential to satisfy the requirements for pavement concrete. The aggregate type and size and mineral admixtures are important factors influencing the permeability and the compressive strength of pervious concrete. 56 groups of pervious concrete samples with different aggregate types and sizes and mineral admixtures were

In this study, tannery sludge was used to synthesize a geopolymer with optimum mixing proportions of raw material determined using Design-Expert. Compressive strength and total chromium leaching concentration were considered as markers for evaluating the performance of the geopolymer as a building material. The durability of the geopolymer in terms of freeze-thaw resistance under sulfate attack and

The emerging concept of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) by the laminate stacking of layers without formwork has major issues of poor interlayer bond adhesion and inadequate buildability of printed layers. This paper explores microwave heating technique as a set-on-demand method to increase the structuration rate of geopolymer concrete for 3DCP applications. The microwave heating was applied just before

An alarming volume of coal mining by-product in the form of waste rock, referred to as overburden (OB), is being dumped over vast areas of useful ground, leading to an ever-increasing demand for land space worldwide. Reusing this material in the form of industrial applications can provide an effective and environmentally sound solution for disposal of the unsightly and polluted stockpiles. The present

The cementitious activity of iron tailings powder (ITP) as a concrete admixture is investigated and optimized in this study. When the specific surface area (SSA) of ITP is in the range of 450 – 550 m2/kg, the activity is larger than that of fly ash, and when SSA is 469 m2/kg, the activity reaches its largest value of 76.82%. The content of ITP should not exceed 30%. Chemical-mechanical activation increases

Concrete creep and damping are related to reinforced concrete structural static and dynamic performance respectively. Comprehensive investigation of the fundamental behavior of concrete under dynamic and static loading is quite significant to material science of concrete. However, over more than a hundred years since concrete creep was found, it was seldom studied jointly with concrete damping. This

The incorporation of recycled aggregate (RA) in structural concrete requires deep knowledge of this material’s potential and limitations by assessing its effect on the concrete properties. Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is one of the most concerning degradation agents in concrete produced with natural aggregates, and more expectedly in recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), which motivated this study. ASR

The present study is dedicated to investigating the effects of Forta-Ferro (FF) fiber and calcium aluminate cement (CAC) on the flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars subjected to acid attack. Bending tests were designed to assess the effects of the acidic environment, replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with CAC, and the addition

The laminated elastomeric bearings are widely used structure isolation devices. However, the production and economic efficiency of current rubber bearings are limited by the long-time high-temperature vulcanization process. This study proposes the use of casting polyurethane elastomer (CPUE) substituting rubber in manufacturing laminated elastomeric bearings whilst considering the formula of conventional

Nowadays, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) are widely used in pavement construction because of its significant environmental and economic benefits. In general, the use of RAP can introduce significant reduction in emission generation, energy consumption, and construction cost. To better utilize RAP, previous studies have paid extensive efforts to accelerate and quantify aging of asphalt binders in

With the aim of incorporating sustainability into the ordinary concrete production, the construction industry has been utilizing solid waste materials to replace raw ingredients such as natural aggregates and cement. A practical solution to this is the cement-free geopolymer concrete in which alkali activators have chemical reactions with pozzolanic material and cementitious material, such as fly ash

This paper demonstrates the use of normalized intensities of chemical species obtained from energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) as inputs to machine learning (ML) models, in order to predict the nanoindentation moduli (M) of different phases in a cementitious matrix. Single and multi-component blends belonging to conventional and ultra-high performance (UHP) pastes are evaluated using a variety

The cementation of sand into bio-brick materials through microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a novel technology with broad applications. The compression strength of the MICP treated bio-bricks was tested through brick compression tests. Additives including discrete randomly distributed fiber, coarse sand, and clay and multiple treatments were applied to reinforce the compression

The masonry building heritage consists of a large variety of masonry typologies. Often, apparent thick-walls are frequently made up of a multi-leaf structure. In this case, the structural thickness of the load-bearing wall is much less significant than the geometrical one, thus manifestations of the leafs-separation may easily occur when leafs transversal connections (e.g. diatones) are completely

This study applies the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique to capture the displacement field on the specimen surface in the SC(B) fracture test of asphalt concrete for the construction of R-curves. Previous research, utilizing a displacement method, did not capture the micro-cracking that occurs during the formation of the cohesive zone in a fracture specimen. A Crack Opening Displacement Matrix

The industrial by-product phosphogypsum (PG) is one of the bulk solid wastes with the risk of environmental pollution. Recycling PG as filling and binding material in preparing grouting materials is not only an effective solution to the PG disposal, but also a new approach to replacing the conventional cement-based grouts that conforms to the sustainable development. The flowability, setting time and

Although many studies have been conducted to date to investigate the effects of grinding aids (GAs), none of them specifically examined the effect of GAs on transportation rate of material inside the ball mill. In this study, the effects of GA on transportation rate of the ground material inside the cement ball mill and the effects of this change on the whole grinding circuit were investigated. In

This study evaluated four types of zinc production waste and limestone powder to be used as filler in asphalt mixtures. The properties of the fillers, asphalt mastic and mixtures made by the fillers were investigated. Only the results for fillers and mastics are provided. The physical and chemical properties and morphology of waste fillers, namely cobalt cake, leach cake, nickel cake, and zinc ash

The durability of geopolymers in sulfate is essential to their application in harsh environments. In this paper, the influence of Si/Al ratio, one of the major composition parameters of metakaolin-based geopolymer (MKG), on its durability in both sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions was investigated in detail. The results indicate there is a strong coupling effect appears between Si/Al ratio and

In this paper, a novel electromagnetic controlled rupture microcapsule (ECRM) with ultrahigh self-healing capability was prepared by melt condensation method, whose shell was constructed by nano-Fe3O4 and paraffin, and whose core was toluene-di-isocyanate (TDI). Effect of paraffin/TDI mass ratio on core fraction of ECRM was investigated. The morphology, particle size distribution and component identification

In light of high bonding and early strengths, magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) functionalized with nano-Fe3O4 magnetic fluid and hollow glass microspheres (HGM) that exhibited excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance (EWAP) was fabricated in this study. Coating a construction surface with multifunctional MPC could effectively withstand electromagnetic radiation hazards. Effects of the

The bonding interface between the self-compacting concrete (SCC) filling layer and the steam-cured concrete precast plate plays an important role in the durability of the China Rail Track System III (CRTS III) slab ballastless track structure. It is of great practical value to accurately detect the quality of the bonding interface. This paper investigates the influence of age on the detection of bonding

Calcium alginate capsules can gradually release the healing agent inside without rupture under cyclic traffic loading and are a promising self-healing technology for asphalt pavement. However, they have a low strength and tend to release the healing agent too fast. To enhance the strength of calcium alginate capsules and prevent them from releasing healing agent prematurely, calcium alginate-attapulgite

Concrete structures in sewer systems, marine engineering, underground engineering and other humid environments are easily subjected to microbial attachment, colonization and, eventually, deterioration. With careful selection and treatment, some additives including inorganic and organic antimicrobial agents were found to be able to endow concrete with excellent antimicrobial performance. This paper

The repair of corroded reinforced concrete (RC) structures is a critical issue for structural designers and managers because the repair cost significantly dominates the life-cycle cost. Moreover, in chloride-containing environments (e.g. coastal environments), RC structures repaired with conventional methods may corrode again since the ingress of chloride ions, water, and oxygen into the concrete will

With the expansion of cross-laminated timber (CLT) material throughout the global construction community, an effort is being made to explore the use of regionally produced CLT materials from Iran, including the testing of fast-grown, hand-planted poplar (Populus alba). This paper investigated the out-of-plane bending properties of CLT panels manufactured using poplar at various span-to-depth ratios

In this research, the mechanical properties of various glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) pultruded profiles exposed to seawater sea sand concrete (SWSSC) and its combination with UV radiation and water vapour condensation were studied. The effect of different conditions, duration of conditioning, and the profile cross-section configuration on the mechanical properties were investigated. Three-point

Geopolymer binder is a kind of green cementitious material with fast hardening, high strength, low shrinkage, and acid-alkali corrosion resistance. It is very beneficial to ensure the firmness, stability, and durability of subgrade structure in cold regions. In this study, the unconfined compression strength test of the clay soil improved by metakaolin-based geopolymer binder was carried out. The material

The decline in properties of asphalt due to thermal-oxidative aging and photo-oxidative aging seriously affects the service life of pavement. Multi-dimensional nanomaterials composed by organic expanded vermiculite (OEVMT) and surface modified nanoparticles (nano-ZnO, nano-SiO2 or nano-TiO2) as an anti-aging composite modifier was used to improve anti-aging behavior of asphalt. The aging methods included

Taiwan has witnessed rapid economic development in recent years, and with urban development, the planning and design of compressed paving units and pervious ground tile structures are focused on the demand for esthetic appearance in addition to practical functioning and legal requirements for strength and water permeability. In this study, the efflorescence appearance of structures was effectively

Fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites are usually mechanically characterized by means of tensile and bond tests. The former, in the clevis-grip version, is referred to by the American guidelines ACI 549.4R (2013) to determine the tensile properties of the FRCM composite. The latter, in the single-lap version, is used in the Italian guidelines CNR-DT 215 (2018) to determine the effective

This work investigates the behaviour of unreinforced and reinforced cross vaults subjected to static shear deformation at the springings through an experimental campaign. An earlier companion paper discussed the results of a pseudo-static test performed on a 1:4 scaled model, built with timber blocks and lime mortar, applying shear displacements to two abutments until failure. This paper illustrates

Interest in the use of beech wood in construction is growing steadily. Considering its high mechanical performance, it has a large potential to be used for the production of glued timber structural products. However, the issue of structural bonding remains to be solved before effective production and safe use of beech wood in these products can be achieved. Three adhesives (one-component polyurethane

Balsa wood is an appropriate core material for structural sandwich applications due to its high strength- and stiffness-to-weight ratios. However, the mechanical properties vary considerably owing to the inherent scattering of natural wood materials. One approach to reduce this scatter and tailor the mechanical properties according to specific application needs is to recompose the natural material

This paper discusses some reasons for measuring moisture in concrete structures. Within the framework of the prestressed concrete containment monitoring of the French nuclear reactors fleet, a method is proposed to assess the possible contribution of concrete moisture monitoring in ageing management strategy. Based on sensitivity and variance analysis, it aims at clarifying the conditions necessary

The dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test is a standard method used to characterize the rheological properties of bitumen binders. Prior research substantiates the belief that, given that measured results are dependent on the rheometer gap size, currently recommended rheometer gap sizes (1 mm/2mm) cannot represent the mechanical properties of bitumen in asphalt mixtures. This study focused on the effect

The rapid development and increasing demand for construction materials have resulted in the underperformance of traditional construction materials. The production of traditional construction materials consumes considerable electricity and nonrenewable resources and causes emission of undesirable carbon dioxide (CO2) gases in the atmosphere. Thus, new environmentally friendly materials in concrete manufacturing

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) is a cementitious material formed by an acid-base reaction, which has usually developed as repair material for rehabilitation engineering. It also has the potential as coating materials for fire-resistance and for corrosion protection. In this study, the effect of magnesium phosphate cement as an inorganic coating on the water permeability of cement-based material is

Cracking is inevitable in concrete due to its quasi-brittle nature. The presence of micro-cracks will not only impair concrete, but induce reinforcement corrosion by providing paths for the ingress of harmful species. In the past decades, a new technique to repair cracks automatically based on microbial induced carbonate precipitation has become attractive. This paper explored the crack healing potential

In this study, the characteristics of the granular skeletons of 38 low-binder self-consolidating concrete mixtures were investigated to minimize the binder content and volume of paste (VP). 20 granular mixtures were proportioned using 5 different Fuller-Thompson distribution moduli (q) of 0.4 to 0.5 and 4 different volumetric sand-to-total aggregate ratios (S/A) of 0.45–0.60. The investigated Eco-SCC

Cement stabilized macadam base is the primary stress diffusion and bearing layer of semi-rigid asphalt pavement, therefore its mechanical behavior directly affects pavement performance. The indirect tensile strength, unconfined compressive strength, and bending strength are the essential parameters for evaluating the bearing capacity of cement stabilized macadam. In the design of a pavement structure

Durability is one of the key properties of the cement-based materials (CBMs) and is affected significantly by water migration in CBMs. Sorptivity S and capillarity coefficient k are two of the vital parameters to evaluate the water migration behavior of CBMs and are related closely to its microstructure. In this study, the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was used to measure the pore size

In this study the durability of the bond between different fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) tubes and seawater sea sand concrete (SWSSC) under seawater condition is investigated. Concrete filled pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) tubes and filament winding GFRP, carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and basalt fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP) tubes were exposed to seawater at 25 °C and 40 °C

Deicing agents are used to dissolving the frost on road surfaces in winter and cold areas. Researchers have evaluated the impact of different deicing agents on the moisture susceptibility performance of asphalt mixtures, but they have not investigated the effect of these agents on fatigue failure and thermodynamic parameters of asphalt mixtures. Therefore, in this research, by investigating the effect