Atmospheric stress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests were conducted for a 316 L stainless steel (SS) at an applied stress of 1.1 σ0.2 with a chloride deposition density of approximately 100 μg/cm2 deposited as MgCl2 from solution. The test specimens were exposed in an atmospheric chamber at a constant temperature of 40 °C with initial relative humidity (RH) of 40 %, followed by an increase to 60 % RH

Knowledge of the corrosion potential (ECP) in the passive condition is important in assessing corrosion in reinforced concrete structures. While ECP is routinely measured, great scatter is reported, because the ECP is a sensitive function of many variables (T, [O2], pH, [Cl−], and the poorly defined mass transfer conditions). In this paper, a Mixed Potential Model (MPM) is used to calculate the ECP

Low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviors of 316LN in borated and lithiated high temperature water with different dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were investigated. The LCF lives of the material at different DO levels were different from the LCF lives predicted by the previous study. When DO levels were 50 ppb, 100 ppb and 2 ppm, hydrogen absorbed inside the material was negligible. Results suggest that the slip

This work presents a comprehensive study of the hydrogen embrittlement (HE) behavior of a 13Cr-5Ni-2Mo supermartensitic stainless steel through two aspects: hydrogen diffusion and hydrogen concentration. Precipitated austenite reduced the effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient and hydrogen permeation flux, and thus increased the HE resistance. Further increasing the austenite content could not provide

The work discusses the corrosion behavior of a set of newly developed high strength and highly ductile multiphase steels consisting of various fractions of bainite, intercritical ferrite, retained austenite and pearlite from the composition 0.67 % C, 1.71 % Si, 0.86 % Mn and 96.69 % Fe (wt.%). The steels were made by various combinations of continuous cooling in the ferrite-pearlite zone followed by

The pitting corrosion and surface modifications of aluminium alloy AA2050-T8 (Al-Cu-Li) resulting from immersion in 0.1 M NaCl at open circuit potential were studied by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). ToF-SIMS chemical mapping showed a local distribution of chlorides and hydroxides in the pits enriched in Cu and Fe. Preferential sites of corrosion initiation were evidenced

Zirconia especially stabilized by Y2O3 (YSZ) is an important and popularly used material. We have observed the degradation of YSZ in moisture, and have also revealed the degradation mechanism which could be related to the following three chemical processes: (1) reaction of water with the residual Y2O3 which is not incorporated into the crystal lattice of ZrO2; (2) corrosion of YSZ by water; (3) depletion

This study investigated the adsorption of hydrogen bubbles and tunnel formation on aluminium foil during direct current (DC) electrochemical etching in an electrolyte with and without silicone oil additive. The results indicated that the etched tunnels obtained in the electrolyte containing silicone oil were more uniformly distributed with a more consistent size and length. This was attributed to the

In this research, cold sprayed Al coating layer on AZ31B Mg alloy was coated with cold sprayed Ti and Ta/Ti coatings, which noticeably reduced the wear rate of Al coated Mg alloy. Electrochemical corrosion tests and infinite focus 3D measurement results revealed that the high surface activity of commercially pure-Al coating, diffusion-controlled reactions, and formation of corrosion pits could be mitigated

Metastable pitting upon 316L stainless steel was studied herein. The combination of electrochemical testing, in-situ imaging and ex-situ characterisation was carried out to address the following questions: Does each metastable pit site correspond to a single current transient or do multiple metastable pits occur at the same site? Is each recorded current transient a unique individual metastable pitting

Dense Cr-doped U3Si2 composite fuels were manufactured by spark plasma sintering, and the effects of Cr addition on mechanical properties and oxidation resistance were investigated. Dynamic oxidation testing by thermogravimetric analysis revealed significantly improved oxidation resistance of U3Si2 with minimal doping of 3 wt% Cr. The onset oxidation temperature increased to above 550 °C in air and

A method for calculating porosity of the corrosion product on the canister and of the engineered barriers (concrete) in the disposal of HLNW in Belgium supercontainer has been developed. The porosity of the rust is predicted to decrease substantially, such that the growth of the outer layer ceases and further corrosion is prevented. The decrease in the porosity of concrete is less than the decrease

The influence of Sb on the intergranular embrittlement behavior of Ni-16Mo-7Cr alloy was systematically investigated in this study. The results showed that Sb could react with Ni to form reaction layer on the alloy surface. The outer reaction layer was composed of Ni5Sb2, and the inner layer was mainly consisted of μ-phase and a few Ni5Sb2. The depth of reaction scale increased with the Sb content

This study focuses on the temperature capability of CoWO4 as the oxidation protection layer of ferritic stainless steel (FSS). The thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis revealed that until CoWO4 starting to melt at 1297 °C, little mass change was observed. In addition, the coefficient of thermal expansion of CoWO4 was 11.5 ± 0.2 (×10-6 K−1), which was similar to that of FSS, evidencing its

A pulse potential method (PPM) was used to regulate the formation of Cr(III) conversion coating (TCC) on hot-dip Zn-55%Al-1.6%Si. The micromorphology analysis and the contact angel measurement showed that the application of PPM changed the micro-features and hydrophobicity on the surface of TCC. Surface XPS analysis indicated that PPM increased the proportion of hydroxides and greatly reduced the content

The beneficial effects of Mo on passive film formation were investigated for Ni22Cr10Mo with AESEC and XPS by comparison with Ni22Cr and pure Ni and Mo. Both spontaneous (E ≈ -0.2 VSCE) and anodic passivation (E = 0.3 VSCE) showed Cr enrichment, while significant Mo accumulation (as Mo(IV)) only occurred during spontaneous passivation with a markedly reduced open circuit corrosion rate as a consequence

Inorganic silicate composite coatings were developed to inhibit the oxidation and corrosion of ZG12Cr9Mo1Co1NiVNbNB (CB2) stainless steel in air and water vapor containing environment at 650 °C. The results indicated that water vapor accelerates greatly the oxidation and corrosion of CB2 steel by transforming the protective Cr2O3 scales into non-protective multilayered scales. The excellent inhibition

This study described the impact of carbonation on passivation of 2304 duplex stainless steel (DSS) in alkaline solutions simulating concrete pore environment. Also, the chloride-induced corrosion behavior and the pitting corrosion resistance of 2304 DSS were evaluated in carbonated solutions. It was highlighted that the electrochemical performance of 2304 DSS was remarkably affected by carbonation

Oxidation behavior and thermal stability of a β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloy after plasma source nitrogen ion implantation were studied. Nano-sized TiN, Ti2N, Ti3AlN, and Ti3Al2N2 particles were found in the modified layer. The microhardness of the modified layer was 2.5 times higher than that of the as-cast condition. Nitrogen ion implantation increased the oxidation resistance significantly in comparison

In this study, the effects of Cu content on wear, corrosion, and tribocorrosion resistance of Ti-10Mo-xCu alloy were investigated. Results revealed that hardness of Ti-10Mo-xCu alloy increased from 355.1 ± 15.2 HV to 390.8 ± 17.6 HV by increasing Cu content from 0 % to 5 %, much higher than CP Ti (106.6 ± 15.1 HV) and comparable to Ti64 (389.7 ± 13.9 HV). With a higher Cu content, wear and tribocorrosion

Isothermal oxidation of (Hf-Ta-Zr-Nb)C high entropy carbide (HEC4) was performed using thermo-gravimetric analysis at 800–1100 °C in air. Polycrystalline oxide layers with multi-element oxides were observed, and their thickness increased with increasing oxidation temperature. Particular attention was paid to the microstructure and role of the interface. An amorphous and compact oxycarbide interlayer

Corrosion behavior in simulated pressurized water reactor (PWR) primary water was investigated for stainless steels with 16 and 22 wt% Cr having austenitic, ferritic, and duplex microstructure. For alloys with 22 wt% Cr, the Cr-rich inner oxide layer consisted of Cr2O3 and FeCr2O4 is formed. For alloys with 16 wt% Cr, the Cr-rich spinel inner oxide layer is formed. In-situ and ex-situ electrochemical

The corrosion resistance and passive film properties of the CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy were investigated. Experimental results show that selective dissolution of elements in the CoCrNi is evident compared with the 304 SS. The passive film formed on the CoCrNi is enriched in Cr but depleted in Co and Ni, and the high content of Cr and thicker passive film are responsible for the higher anti-corrosion

The oxidation behavior of CrMoV steel in 0.1, 5, and 10 MPa CO2 was studied at 550 °C for 500 h. Reaction rates decreased from 0.1–5 MPa, and breakaway occurred sooner with increasing pressure. Amorphous carbon was identified within the inner layer in all CO2 pressure values, while graphite was mainly detected under 5 and 10 MPa. Carbon deposition may link to the formation of Fe- and (Fe, Ni)-rich

The structure of rust layer and corrosion kinetics of weathering steel in a high chloride environment were investigated. Using a combination of HRTEM, STEM-EDS, and FIB-SEM, the rust was characterized as a three-layer structure: inner layer containing α-FeOOH nanograins, outer layer containing spindle- and rod-like α-FeOOH and rod- and fiber-like β-FeOOH, and outermost layer containing laminar γ-FeOOH

In this work, the essential mechanism of “loss of passivation” (LOP) effect for a 13 wt. % Cr-type martensitic stainless steel (MSS) is studied via electrochemical and microstructure approaches. The MSSs were quenched at 1030 °C and then tempered at 440−600 °C. Electrochemical results show that the tempering range for “LOP” is 460−540 °C. Severe corrosion occurred on 520 °C-tempered MSS after being

To clarify and comprehend the interfacial compatibility of single crystal superalloy and ceramic core, the interface reaction of nickel-based single crystal superalloy CMSX-4 and silicon oxide ceramic core during directional solidification is investigated. The results revealed that a continuously distributed Al2O3 layer is formed at the interface of superalloy / silicon oxide ceramic core. Moreover

Carbon steel MIC (microbiologically influenced corrosion) and copper MIC by Desulfovibrio vulgaris (a sulfate reducing bacterium) were shown to behave very differently. Carbon steel MIC was accelerated with an 84 % weight loss increase by 20 ppm (w/w) riboflavin (an electron mediator) while Cu MIC was not. This was because the former belongs to extracellular electron transfer (EET)-MIC while the latter

The role of mill scale on the corrosion behavior of steel rebars in mortar was studied using Hyperbaric-Oxygen Accelerated Corrosion Tests (HOACT) and polarization measurements. Defects of mill scale deteriorated passivity of rebars when mortar and saturated Ca(OH)2 solution contained chloride. Localized corrosion beneath mill scale with defects was responsible for the acceleration of depassivation

The degradation behaviour of a marine epoxy coating on Q235 steel under mechanical stress in 3.5 % NaCl solution was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and adhesion tests. Results revealed that mechanical stress had a significant effect on coating barrier properties, adhesion, delaminated area, water uptake and diffusion, and this effect was not only related to the magnitude

Temperature difference between metallic surfaces and surrounding bulk air caused by sun heating and nocturnal radiation cooling challenges the accuracy of the time of wetness (TOW) determined from meteorological data. In this paper, the importance of measuring surface relative humidity (SRH) in preference to air relative humidity (RH) for determination of TOW and corrosivity is demonstrated. The TOW

Corrosion of a metal in cementitious media can be limited when the pore solution of the binder contains corrosion inhibitors, as in the case of immobilization of magnesium nuclear wastes in France. This works aims to elucidate the impact of NaF on the magnesium corrosion, when it is incorporated in the Na-geopolymer formulation. The presence of NaF, even in small concentrations, considerably reduces

The effect of topologically close-packed (TCP) phase formation on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of the UNS N26455 (Ni–16Cr–16Mo) superalloy was evaluated using different electrochemical techniques. We verified that this superalloy is resistant to highly corrosive environments but its corrosion potential decreases and the anodic current density increases as the TCP phase concentration increases

The paper presents the effect of pre-oxidation on the high temperature oxidation behavior of γ-TiAl alloy. The pre-oxidation treatments were performed at 900 °C for 2 h under various O and Ar mixtures, which resulted in the formation of very thin (200−300 nm) oxide scales and oxygen enriched subsurface layers, containing the α2-Ti3Al(O) and the Ti5Al3O2 Z-phases. It was revealed that the pre-oxidation

In tires, cords consist of brass coated wires. Even if they are embedded in rubber matrix, wires remain sensitive to corrosion. This work proposes an evaluation of the electrochemical reactivity of the constituents of the wire: the steel, the brass, and the brass coated steel. Tests were immersed in solutions where pH, solution convection, and oxidizing species were controlled. Results confirm the

To protect Nb-Si based alloys from oxidation and hot corrosion attacks at high temperatures, a novel Zr-Y modified silicide coating is fabricated by combining magnetron sputtering and pack cementation. It has been shown that the coating exerts a superior oxidation resistance (mass gain of 1.6 mg/cm2) than Si-Y coating (mass gain of 4.2 mg/cm2), which is attributed to forming a thin, compact and continuous

The corrosion behavior of W-Cu alloys, pure Cu and W at different pH was investigated using electrochemical measurements and immersion test. The corrosion behavior and the preferentially attacked phase of the W-Cu alloys changed with pH values as micro-galvanic effect between Cu binder and W phase played a significant role. The micro-galvanic effect was negligible at pH 1 but enhanced as the pH increased

In this paper, a 3D cellular automata approach of intergranular corrosion in presented. A model is proposed, along with experimental results both qualitatively (groove morphology, groove angle distribution) and quantitatively (mass loss, corrosion rate, corrosion front evolution). Simulations have been performed using a new asynchronous algorithm: the choice of the most adequate grid is also discussed

To clarify the effect of Cr on CO2 corrosions at elevated temperatures and pressures, Cr-containing FeCr alloys were characterized by their surface changes and corrosion products in CO2-saturated 5 mass% NaCl solution at 3 MPa and a temperature range 100–200 °C. As the Cr content increased, FeCO3 content decreased and the surface of the steel exhibited interference colour due to the formation of a

WSi2-HfB2-SiC outer coatings were prepared by in-situ sintering reaction methods. The effect of WSi2 content on the oxidation resistance of HfB2-SiC coating was investigated. The results show that the WSi2-HfB2-SiC coating with 25 wt.% WSi2 (W2) has the best oxidation resistance and can protect C/C substrate for 100 h at 1973 K in air environment. After ablation for 90 s, the linear ablation rate and

The isothermal oxidation of directionally solidified NiAl-34Cr and NiAl alloys with embedded Cr bar and Mo wire were studied in a thermobalance at 800 °C, 1200 °C and 1300 °C for 50 h (Ar/ 13 vol.% O2). NiAl-Cr showed formation of a continuous Al2O3-Cr2O3 solid solution in the vicinity of the interface of NiAl and Cr in which the composition changed from almost pure Al2O3 near the metal matrix to almost

Cathodic kinetics in magnesium chloride (MgCl2) solutions were investigated on platinum (Pt) and stainless steel 304 L (SS304 L). Density, viscosity, and dissolved oxygen concentration for MgCl2 solutions were also measured. A 2-electron transfer for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt was determined using a rotating disk electrode. SS304 L displayed non-Levich behavior for ORR and, due to ORR suppression