Abstract The polyion complexes (PICs) between plasmid DNA (pDNA) and succinylated branched polyethylenimine (bPEI-Et-COOH) were formed for in vivo pDNA delivery by muscular injection. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation revealed that the PIC between pDNA and bPEI-Et-COOH with higher succinylated degree formed the particle structure with corona-like shell. Furthermore, confocal laser

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) printing is an effective technology that has shown considerable potential for use in tissue regeneration. Of the many materials that have been proposed for this purpose, poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) 3D scaffolds have been received significant attention in the bone tissue engineering field due to its advantageous mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In this study

Abstract Hyaluronic acid (HA) eye drop solution is widely used to treat and manage various corneal diseases like keratoconus (after corneal cross-linking) and dry eye syndrome. However, ocular dosage forms like eye drop solution affect the routine life style of patients due to frequent dosing schedule. In this study, HA and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was directly loaded in the silicon contact lenses

Abstract The fabrication of novel and intelligent delivery systems that can effectively deliver therapeutics to the targeted site and release payload in enhanced/controlled manner is highly desired to overcome the multiple challenges in chemotherapy. The present article demonstrates the potential application of dual stimuli responsive nanogels as tumor microenvironment targeted drug delivery carrier

Abstract Poly(amido-amine) (PAMAM), one of the most widely studied dendrimers in the field of drug and gene delivery, can enhance the stability of DNA and deliver it to cell cytosol; hyaluronic acid (HA), a simple disaccharide unit, can polymerize and is considered a polymer of non-immunogenicity, which has an intrinsic targeting property for many cancer cells by interacting with CD 44. In this study

Abstract The present study focused on the combination of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nanoparticles into the modified hyaluronic acid based injectable hydrogels for bone tissue engineering. Self-cross-linked thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-HS) injectable hydrogels loaded with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) nanoparticles were prepared by disulfide cross-linking to mimic the extracellular matrix

Abstract Development of new drugs are confronted with some barriers and challenges, since these projects are mainly expensive, complex, time consuming with lack of success, there is an urgent need to reformulate the current poorly water soluble anti-cancer drugs. In this study, a new type of polymer–curcumin conjugates based on glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) was developed for cancer therapy. The copolymer

Curcumin has been reported to be used widely against many types of pathological conditions in clinics. However due to its limitations such as poor solubility, poor oral absorption and low stability has limited its applications. In current study, a series of novel chemically cross-linkable depot gel formulations were developed based on thermoresponsive micellar polymer (Pluronic®127) with polyelectrolyte

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), as seed cells, have played an important role in bone defect repair. However, efficiently amplifying and inducing BMSCs in vitro or vivo remains an urgent problem to be solved. Electrical stimulation has been beneficial to the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs, but current electrical stimulation methods have a critical disadvantage in that they usually

There are intensive needs for scaffolds with new designs to meet the diverse requirements of bone repairing. Biodegradable microspheres are highlighted as injectable micro-scaffolds thanks to their advantages in filling irregular defects via a minimally invasive surgery. In this study, microspheres with surface micropores were made via the W1/O/W2 double emulsion method using amphiphilic triblock copolymers

Antibacterial micron-sized cryogels, so-called microcryogels, were prepared by cryogelation of gelatin and integration of lysozyme. Gelation yield, specific surface area, macro-porosity and swelling degree of the microcryogels were examined in order to characterize their physical properties. MTT method was utilized to measure cell viability of the gelatin microcryogels with a period of 24, 48 and 72 h

PEGylation is the covalent addition of PEG to one more molecule. PEGylation can improve the maintenance time of the therapeutics similar to proteins, liposomes, and nanoparticle through shielding them beside different debasing mechanisms dynamic in a body that improve beneficial properties. This skill is used to get better half-life and other pharmaceutical properties of a protein, peptide, or non-peptide

Surface physicochemistry properties of polymer particles are crucial for protein corona formation and macrophage phagocytosis when they contact with living body. In this work, polystyrene microspheres (PS-MSs) were selected as a model of polymer microparticles and fabricated by chromic acid etching through controlling conditions to obtain different surface morphology structures and to investigate their

Ternary nano-biocomposite films of bacterial cellulose-chitosan-gelatin (BC-C-G) were fabricated by immersing the BC pellicles into chitosan and gelatin mixture and subsequently freeze-drying. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the nano-biocomposite films revealed the presence of interconnected pores, with fibre diameter 20-150 nm. The composite films have a porosity of 95.3%, and showed

Skin wound infection requires carefully long-term treatment with an immense financial burden to healthcare systems worldwide. Various strategies such as drug delivery systems using polymer matrix from natural source have been used to enhance wound healing. Natural rubber latex (NRL) from Hevea brasiliensis has shown angiogenic and tissue repair properties. Gentamicin sulfate (GS) is a broad-spectrum

Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer is an extensively studied polymer in the biomedical research because of its low polydispersity, distinct molecular structure, and surface functionalities. Generally, a high-generational PAMAM dendrimer is used for gene delivery because transfection efficiency is dependent on charge density; however, an increase in charge density induces disruption of the cellular membrane

In this study, an ideal nano-scale material, named epidermal stimulating (ES) factors-gelatin/polycaprolactone (GT/PCL) nanofiber, was fabricated using a coaxial electrospinning technique. The ES-GT/PCL nanofibers possessed a highly porous structure with qualified mechanical properties for transplantation. With ES factors stored in the core and GT/PCL in the shell, the ES factors could be protected

Cellulose is the earth’s leading natural polymer. It is known for its properties like biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, cost-effectiveness and lightweight. Nanocellulose displays better properties as compared to the native cellulose fibre. The nanocellulose is very remunerative in the arenas of routine application especially in health care, food industry, sanitary products, and many more

Low back pain and disc degeneration affect quality of life and imposes an enormous financial burden. Although annulus fibrosus (AF) tissue engineering provides an alternative therapeutic possibility in the treatment of degenerative intervertebral disc disease, it is restricted by the biochemical properties, organizational structure, and mechanical characteristics of the scaffold. The ideal scaffold

Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is one of the dominant bacteria for refractory infections of teeth. Silver ions (Ag+) have been proved to be a strong bactericide but with high cytotoxicity and discoloration property. Simvastatin is an agent used for dyslipidemia treatment and has anti-inflammatory property. In this study, Ag+ and simvastatin were for the first time used in combination, and poly

Islet transplantation is considered as one of the promising treatment options for curing diabetes. However, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is destroyed during the process of islet isolation and extraction, which leads to decreased islet activity in vitro. ECM-based biomaterials which used to reconstruct the microenvironment of cells have been applied in various fields. In this study, an electrospinning

In search for peptide motifs that allow us to efficiently tether fusion proteins onto polymer surfaces, we designed a KLKLKLKLKL (KL5) decapeptide in which basic and hydrophobic amino acids are alternately linked. By means of genetic engineering technology together with a bacterial expression system, the KL5 fusions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor, and stromal cell-derived

A pH and redox dual-responsive composite hydrogel was developed, which was formed from triblock copolymer PEG-SS-PCL-SS-PEG and Ag/AgO/carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) hydrogel inclusion complexes. Dithiodipropionic acid and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were esterified to synthesize a hydrophilic segment PEG-SS-COOH polymer containing a disulfide bond, and ε-caprolactone is ring-opened in Ar atmosphere

In this study, phthalocianato[bis(dimethylaminoethanoxy)] silicon (NzPC) was loaded onto gelatin nanoparticles functionalized with polyelectrolytes (polystyrene sulfonate/polyallylamine hydrochloride) by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly for photodynamic therapy (PDT) application in promastigote form of Leishmania amazonensis treatment. The process yield, and encapsulation efficiency were 80.0% ± 1.8 and

Both osteogenesis and anti-inflammatory bioactive materials play a vital role in the regeneration of skeletal defects. Bone inflammation is hard to cure and can lead to malformation or amputation. The purpose of this study is to use anti-inflammatory drugs to endow polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with the dual ability to achieve anti-inflammatory effects while maintaining favorable biocompatibility. In

Biomimetic characteristics of hydrogel scaffold are tuned in this study utilizing the synergy of alginate, gelatin, and microfluidically embedded voids. Superposition of alginate and gelatin polymer networks results in additional rigidity, which can be tuned by introduction of voids, and thereby allowing faster release of pore pressure through movement of aqueous phase through the pore network. More

An antibacterial dental light-cured glass-ionomer cement has been developed and evaluated. An antibacterial furanone derivative was synthesized and covalently attached onto the surface of alumina filler particles. The formed antibacterial fillers were then mixed into a light-curable glass-ionomer cement formulation. Surface hardness and bacterial viability were used to evaluate the modified cements

Among many different types of fabricated nanoparticles, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) have unique physical and chemical properties and have been widely used due to theirs enhanced permeability and retention effect for biomedical applications. The incorporated theranostic MNPs into biopolymer coatings are currently particular interest to investigators in the fields of nanobiomedicine because

Drug-loaded nanoparticles have been widely used in the field of tumor treatment due to their low side effects and reduced frequency of administration. In this study, keratin-dopamine conjugate was first synthesized by amidation reaction and then formed nanoparticles by self-polymerization of dopamine segment. Keratin-dopamine conjugate nanoparticles (KNPs) exhibited pH and glutathione (GSH) dual responsiveness

For site-specific drug delivery in inflammatory bowel disease, reducible sodium alginate nanoparticles cross-linked with disulfide linkage were developed. Nanoparticles were synthesized in deionized water through self-assembly of amphiphilic thiolated sodium alginate Alg-Cys and subsequently produced cross-linking of disulfide bonds. TEM image showed a spherical core-shell configuration with a size

Lecithin is a natural mixture of phospholipids and neutral lipids, and plays a vital role in the maintenance of cell-membrane integrity for all of the basic biological processes.This study aimed to evaluate the adhesion and growth of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the three-dimensional (3D) electrospun lecithin-containing poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibrous scaffolds. In this

Compared with the traditional chemotherapy by injection, local release of drugs in the lesion area is a more efficient and less harmful treatment for solid tumors. However, the selection of appropriate drug carrier and controlled release of chemotherapy drugs are still great challenges. Herein, a kind of dual-encapsulated three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is designed for local drug release via blending

Hydrogel scaffolds are explored as efficient methods to repair damaged organs or tissues. In this study, we developed a hybrid hydrogel system based on collagen (Col) and PEG-derived polymer (PEGF) for biomedical scaffold. The Col-PEGF hybrid hydrogel, in which different materials were combined and sequential interpenetrating networks were built, achieved significantly enhanced mechanical strength

Bioactivity modification helps polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement to reinforce its interfacial adhesion to bone tissues through the chemical bonding of apatite. Since Si-OH groups combined with Ca2+ ions have succeeded in inducing apatite formation, more combinations of functional groups and active ions are being explored. In this study, Bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (B2meP) containing

Surface modification of titanium implants by siRNA is quite efficient for improving implant osseointegration. Loading siRNA onto their surface is a crucial factor for siRNA-functionalized implants to realize their biological function. Direct binding of siRNA to implants has low siRNA binding and releasing rate, so usually it needs to be mediated by vectors. Polymeric, nonmaterial-mediated and lipid-based

Scaffolding system plays an important role in the development of artificial bone for treatment of defective or diseased bone tissue. In the present work, we have developed microspheres (COS-Ag-Alg-HA) containing chitooligosaccharide (COS) coated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with alginate (Alg) and hydroxyapatite (HA) as bone graft substitutes. The developed microspheres were characterized through

Hydrogel formulations are considered to be promising dosage forms for clinical delivery of antibiotics but suffer from many limitations such as polymers selection and crosslinking methods. Herein, dynamic Schiff base reaction crosslinked hydrogels (denoted as CO) with “switchable” channels were designed based on Chitosan and Salecan. Chitosan maintains the pH sensitive property while providing functional

To conveniently modulate the degree of local analgesia in response to changes in patients’ needs and level of activity, a NIR-activated drug delivery system based on jammed microgels was introduced in the present study to realize on-demand local anesthesia. Chemically cross-linked gelatin microgels (5-15 μm) containing N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), methylallyl polyethylene glycol (APEG) and graphene

The fabrication of molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (MIP-NPs) specific for myoglobin by using thiol-ene photopolymerization in miniemulsion was described. Allyl derivatives of phenylalanine as a functional monomer was synthesized and copolymerized with acrylic monomers via miniemulsion polymerization to produce NIP-NPs with approximately 74 nm number average particle diameter. FTIR and 1H-NMR analysis

Inflammatory response is an essential part of optimal tissue-implant integration and the regeneration process. Due to their highly plastic properties, macrophages display phenotypic changes during inflammatory signaling. Investigating these changes on implant surfaces is essential for evaluating implant stability and longevity. In order to control macrophage polarization, IL-4 was conjugated to titanium

It has been demonstrated an increase in resistance of Candida albicans to conventional therapies, probably, due the indiscriminate use of the conventional antifungal drugs. In this aspect, the nanotechnology generates the possibility of creating new therapeutic agents. Thus, the objective of this paper was to produce and characterize a bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticle encapsulated with Methylene

In this study, elastic styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), non-elastic SBS and their blends at different ratios were electrospun into fibrous membranes and their cell biocompatibility was evaluated. The as-spun fibers showed an average fiber diameter of 2 µm, and the fibrous membranes had pore size of 8 ± 0.01 µm. The blending ratios of the elastic with non-elastic SBSs showed little effect on fibrous

Cellulose, a polysaccharide of β (1–4) linked D-glucose units, is a cheap, eco-friendly and most abundant natural polymer on this planet. Among various cellulosic materials, cotton cellulose is readily available, lignin-free, FDA approved, and widely used in the medical field because of its higher degree of biocompatibility and non-cytotoxic nature. Though cotton cellulose showed essential material

Microbial adhesion reduction as well as platelet compatibility improvement have been suggested as the key requirements for developing blood-contacting synthetic biomaterials. Surface grafting of hydrophilic polyethylene glycol chains or alkyl chains with zwitterionic terminal ends has been proposed for reducing microbial or platelet adhesion. Nonetheless, none has been reported to incorporate both

Here we demonstrate a type of pH and redox dual-responsive micelles, which were self-assembled in aqueous solution by an amphiphilic polymer, methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-cystamine-poly(L-glutamic acid)-imidazole (mPEG-SS-PGA-IM). Considering tumor cells or tissues exhibiting low pH values and high glutathione (GSH) concentration, mPEG-SS-PGA-IM micelles possessed the charge conversion at pH of tumor

Micro-hierarchical structured shellac films were prepared using a solution casting method with dodecyltrichloro-immobilized shellac microparticles. We evaluated two opposite surfaces of the shellac films—one a micro-hierarchical structured side and the other a neutralized shellac side using alkali ethanol—for their applications in the medical field. A bending strength test using a tensile strength

Abstract Acidic tumor microenvironment has been extensively explored to design pH-responsive paclitaxel prodrug micelles for cancer therapy. The object of this study is to investigate the pH-responsive drug release behavior and the anti-proliferation capacity of acetal-linked paclitaxel polymeric prodrug micelles. The prodrug was synthesized and evaluated for paclitaxel content. The prodrug micelles

Abstract Nano-drug delivery system (NDDS) has attracted widespread attention for their controlled drug release. In this work, keratin nanoparticles (KNPs) were prepared by self-crosslinking. No toxic chemical crosslinkers were added in the whole procedure. The morphology and size of KNPs were tested by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), respectively. The KNPs

Abstract The efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) have drawn much attention from clinicians and researchers in the field of anticancer treatments since the last century. Despite the numerous positive outcomes, the works on PDT have brought to light over the last decades, much room remains for improvements in PDT tools, mainly on the photosensitizer molecules. This work reports the first

Abstract Bacterial cellulose (BC) has been used in the combination with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for controlled-release drug delivery. In the present study, the molecular imprinting was directly performed on BC to avoid the use of synthetic materials for sustained-release of quercetin, which was used as the template molecule. The phase inversion method was successfully used to prepare molecularly

Abstract Collagen type II (CT-II) has unique biological activities and functions, yet the knowledge on amphibian-derived CT-II is rare. Herein, acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) were successfully isolated and characterized from the cartilage of Chinese Giant Salamander (CGS). The in vitro immunogenicity of collagen was then evaluated and compared with that of the standard

Abstract The combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy has a potential synergic effect in antitumor activity. The development of new biocompatible and biodegradable polymers to simultaneously encapsulate magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and antitumoral drugs offer new cancer treatment opportunities. Here, biodegradable and biocompatible poly(thioether-ester) (PTEe) was used to encapsulate MNPs and

Abstract Chitosan adhesive hydrogels have attracted interest because of their unique properties. However, it is still a challenge to use simple and unmodified chitosan to synthesize multifunctional hydrogels with adhesive, self-healing and strain sensing properties. Here, a multifunctional hydrogel of Ca2+-chitosan/polyacrylamide（Ca2+- CS/PAAm）with adhesive self-healing and strain sensing properties

Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel has been considered as promising cartilage replacement materials due to its excellent characteristics such as high water content, low frictional behavior and excellent biocompatibility. However, lack of sufficient mechanical properties and cytocompatibility are two key obstacles for PVA hydrogel to be applied as cartilage substitutes. Herein, Polyacrylic acid (PAA)

Abstract Biomedical devices trigger immune responses when implanted in the body, as they are treated as foreign bodies. To avoid inflammatory responses and enhance the biocompatibility of biomedical devices, advanced coating technology that can modulate immune responses is essential. As a part of the immune response in the body, autologous cells evade attack from macrophages using CD47 ligands that

The emerging polymer nanocomposites have received industrial interests in diverse fields because of their added value in metal oxide-based nanocomposites, such as titanium (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO). Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)-based polymer has recently generated a huge market in the healthcare industry. TiO2 and ZnO are well known for their instant photocatalytic killing of hospital-acquired

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been studied for a wide variety of applications, due to the elevated surface area and outstanding properties. Several types of NPs are available nowadays, each one with particular characteristics and challenges. Bionanocomposites, especially composed by polymer matrices, are gaining attention in the biomedical field. Although, several studies have shown the potential of adding

Poly(zwitterions) polymer brushes were fabricated by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) on PVA substrate. The results of XPS and FTIR proved the successful graft of CBMA and SBMA to PVA. The surface of the PVA films would be rougher after the functionalization. Its hydrophilicity increased dramatically and the water contact angle decreased from 45.2° to 7.2°. The visible

Minimally invasive implantation of porous implants with large volume for in vivo filling proposes high requirements for material preparation. Porous scaffolds based on shape memory polymer (SMP) possess great potential for being delivered as the compact form via minimally invasive surgery. Here, poly (ε-caprolactone)-dienes (PCL-dienes) and crylic acid (AA) were polymerized and cross-linked to fabricate

Most chemotherapeutic drugs commonly suffer from low aqueous solubility that can potentially limit drugs absorption. Drug nanomerization is an advanced approach to overcoming their poor water-solubility. In this study, class I hydrophobin recombinant HGFI (rHGFI)-based curcumin (Cur) nanoparticles (rHGFI-Cur) were prepared by freeze-drying method. The rHGFI-Cur nanocomposites were characterized by