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Experimental analysis of passively and actively reinforced glued-laminated timber with focus on ductility Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Charalampos Livas; Mats Ekevad; Micael Öhman
ABSTRACT When glued-laminated timber are subjected to bending moment, they usually fail in a brittle way in the tension zone before the compressive zone reaches the compressive strength of wood. This means that the compression strength of wood is not fully exploited. By reinforcing the tension zone, the failure mode of glued-laminated timber can be changed from tensile to compressive. As a result,
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Effects of low and high molecular weight of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) on the properties of strand boards from kiri wood (Paulownia tomentosa) Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Tien Van Pham; Vladimir Biziks; Carsten Mai
ABSTRACT Kiri (Paulownia tomentosa) wood is a promising material for lightweight strand boards (SBs); however, kiri SBs have displayed a limited dimensional stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using low molecular weight (LMW) phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin not only as an adhesive but also as a treatment (impregnating) agent to manufacture SBs. SBs from kiri wood were
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Effect of tallow impregnation on moisture behavior and decay resistance of various wood species Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-12-27 Hüseyin Sivrikaya; Ahmet Can; Barbaros Yaman; Sabrina Palanti; Jeffrey J. Morrell
ABSTRACT Beef tallow is a by-product of rendering of fats from meat production. While tallow can be used for a variety of applications including biodiesel production, it might also be useful for enhancing the water resistance of wood to improve durability. The effects of differing retentions of tallow on wood performance were evaluated in scots pine, beech and poplar. Tallow slowed but did not completely
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Vacuum-heat treatment of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood pretreated with propanetriol Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-12-17 Hüseyin Sivrikaya; Reza Hosseinpourpia; Sheikh Ali Ahmed; Stergios Adamopoulos
ABSTRACT Scots pine sapwood was pretreated with two levels of propanetriol (20% and 40% w/w glycerol), and then subjected to vacuum-heat treatment (VHT) at 180°C and 200°C. The treated samples were examined with respect to their weight and volumetric changes, mechanical properties, colour changes, and dynamic water vapour sorption. The weight of the samples after VHT did not change with increasing
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The effect of silver and copper nanoparticles as resin fillers on less-studied properties of UF-based particleboards Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Hamid R. Taghiyari; Ayoub Esmailpour; Roya Majidi; Vahid Hassani; Rasol Abdolah Mirzaei; Omid Farajpour Bibalan; Antonios N. Papadopoulos
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of using silver and copper nano-suspensions in mixture with resin, upon screw withdrawal capacity (in face and edge directions) and hardness (at different depths of penetration) of particleboards. An aqueous-suspension of 200 ppm silver and copper was mixed with urea-formaldehyde resin at two levels of 100 and 150 mL/kg dry weight wood particles
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Quality evaluation of heat-treated sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) wood by colour and FT-NIR spectroscopy Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Nebojša Todorović; Zdravko Popović; Goran Milić; Marko Veizović; Ranko Popadić
ABSTRACT The prediction of physical (wood density, mass loss) and mechanical (bending properties, compressive strength parallel to grain, and Brinell hardness) properties of heat-treated sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.) by FT-NIR spectroscopy, colour change, and partial least squares regression (PLS) was studied. Samples of oak sapwood and heartwood were treated for 4 h at temperatures at 170, 190
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Copper naphthenate - protecting America’s infrastructure for over 100 years and its potential for expanded use in Canada and Europe Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 James A. Brient; Mark J. Manning; Mike H. Freeman
ABSTRACT This paper reviews the history and use of copper naphthenate as a heavy-duty wood preservative, with a focus on use patterns within the USA and opportunities for expansion in Canada and Europe. Copper naphthenate has demonstrated efficacy to preserve and protect cellulosic and wooden items essential to critical infrastructure and is an ideal choice for use in the replacement of pentachlorophenol
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Consumer behavior assessment regarding lightweight furniture as an environmentally-friendly product Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-11-16 Saeed Khojasteh-Khosro; Ali Shalbafan; Heiko Thoemen
ABSTRACT This study was aimed to evaluate the position of lightweight panels and their application in furniture production in Iran by investigating consumers’ behavior and preferences. Here, consumers’ preferences toward effective criteria to choose furniture made of wood-based panels (WBPs) were evaluated on the basis of analytical network process method. Furthermore, respondents were asked about
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Synergistic effect of Jatropha curcas seed oil and sodium tetraborate treatment on wood resistance to fungal attacks: case of Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon), a high value commercial wood species in tropical Africa Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Bessike Josias Georges; Fongnzossie Evariste; Biwolé Achille; Zobo Mfomo Joseph; Ntah Ayong Moise; Abessolo Dieudonné; Sameza Modeste Lambert; Akono Ntonga Patrick
ABSTRACT This study evaluated the synergistic effect of Jatropha curcas seed oil and sodium tetraborate as a preservative of Triplochiton scleroxylon wood against four selected fungi species. The experimental design consisted of seven treatments with different concentrations of sodium tetraborate and J. curcas seed oil at a concentration of 4000 μg/l in all treatments, except the control. Mycelia growth
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Physical properties, thermal and fungal resistance of Scots pine wood treated with nano-clay and several metal-oxides nanoparticles Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Sulafa Holy; Ali Temiz; Gaye Köse Demirel; Mustafa Aslan; Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini
ABSTRACT Today’s wood protection technology adopts copper-based chemical substances as the widely utilized material. Besides the adverse effect on human health, it also showed negative impact on organisms. To prevent this, a new method using of nano-sized chemical substances in wood preservation was being investigated. In this work, the effects of nano-clay and nano-sized particles of zinc oxide (ZnO)
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Ultrasound to determine physical-mechanical properties of Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-10-13 Rafael Rodolfo de Melo; Kelvin Techera Barbosa; Rafael Beltrame; Andrey Pereira Acosta; Alexandre Santos Pimenta; Adriano Reis Prazeres Mascarenhas
ABSTRACT The present research work had the goal of assessing the use of ultrasound for determining the physical-mechanical properties of clear wood in Eucalyptus camaldulensis from a 5-year-old forest stand located in the municipality of Sinop, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The selection of trees was carried out according to the diameter at breast height (DBH) and height (H). Forty trees were harvested
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Triboelectric charging of dust particles during hand-held circular sawing of wood and wood-based materials Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 Roman Myna; Rupert Wimmer; Falk Liebner; Lena Leiter; Stephan Frömel-Frybort
ABSTRACT During machining, wood particles are generated, released, and accelerated at high speed. Wood dust is known to be unpleasant, causing technical problems, but bears also considerable health risks. Wood dust consists of fractured tissues and has a high, irregularly structured surface due to tiny hooks formed by abundant sticking out fibrillar fragments. Targeting at a novel approach for dust
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Surface colour and chemical changes of furfurylated poplar wood and bamboo due to artificial weathering Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Youming Dong; Ji’an Wang; Juya Zhu; Taiquan Jin; Jianzhang Li; Wen Wang; Changlei Xia
ABSTRACT Although furfurylation greatly improves dimensional stability, hardness, and biodegradation resistance of wood and bamboo, the effects of furfurylation on the resistance of wood and bamboo to weathering are still not clear. In this study, poplar wood and moso bamboo were furfurylated and underwent artificial weathering. The surface chemical changes of the control and furfurylated wood and
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The influence of the recycled wood proportion in particle boards to the tool life of milling tools Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Richard Patsch; Stephan Frömel-Frybort; Stefanie E. Stanzl-Tschegg
ABSTRACT The main factor influencing tool life in particleboard machining is mineral content, and therefore the aim of this investigation is to study the issue and evaluate the tool lifetime by machining different particleboards Also, the change of the mineral content of particle boards over a time frame of 30 years and the geographic origin of the boards should also be taken in account. For this purpose
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Innovative sandwich-like composite biopanels – towards a new building biomaterials concept for structural applications in nonconventional building systems Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Oswaldo Mauricio González; Andrés García; Marcelino Guachambala; José Francisco Navas
Redirecting the actual construction industry, which is one of the major sources of global pollution, is relevant to achieve green innovation efficiency. Researching on the potentials of wood species can lead to propose alternatives that allow reducing/reinventing conventional building materials and systems. This investigation aims to determine, evaluate and analyze the biomechanical/structural properties
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Application of the three-point bending test for small-sized wood and veneer samples Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 Carolin Siegel; Beate Buchelt; André Wagenführ
The aim of this work is to establish a bending test method as evaluation criteria for mechanical properties (strength and modulus of elasticity) of veneers. The bending test is one essential and easy test method for wood characterization. Actually there are no established methods for characterizing smaller sized wood samples – in particular veneer. This investigation is based on the established test
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The effect of class-balance and class-overlap in the training set for multivariate and product-adapted grading of Scots pine sawn timber Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Linus Olofsson; Olof Broman; Johan Oja; Dick Sandberg
ABSTRACT Using multivariate partial least squares regression (PLS) to perform visual quality grading of sawn timber requires a training set with known quality grades for the training of a grading model. This study evaluated the grading accuracy of an independent test set of sawn timber when changing the aspects of class-balance and class-overlap of the training set consisting of 251 planks. The study
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Bending performances and rolling shear strength of nail-cross-laminated timber Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Serveh Hosseinzadeh; Behbood Mohebby; Majid Elyasi
This current research work was aimed to develop an innovative panel by combining the nail-laminated timber (NLT) and cross-laminated timber (CLT) into a single product named nail-cross-laminated timber (NCLT) to take advantage of both structural panel products in a single product as a structural member. To investigate the mechanical properties of the NCLT, its bending performance and rolling shear
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Juvenile and mature woods from pine subjected to in situ polymerization with furfuryl alcohol Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-08-22 Andrey Pereira Acosta; Rafael Beltrame; André Luiz Missio; Rafael de Avila Delucis; Darci Alberto Gatto
This article presents an elucidative research that aims to bring new uses for the juvenile pine wood, which is highly available and commercially undervalued. For that, specimens from adult pine trees were cut from near to both their pith and bark in order to present the juvenile and mature pine woods, respectively. These specimens were then impregnated with a furfuryl alcohol-based solution, which
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Fungal damages in Norwegian massive timber elements – a case study Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 Mari Sand Austigard; J. Mattsson
Massive timber elements are new in Norway, but their use is increasing. More knowledge is needed regarding the moisture performance of massive timber elements. There is uncertainty regarding the need for vapour barriers or retarders, and construction tents are rarely used despite the elements’ sensitivity to moisture. Twelve massive timber cases from the Mycoteam database, evenly distributed between
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Fungal damages in Norwegian massive timber elements – a case study Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 Mari Sand Austigard; J. Mattsson
ABSTRACT Massive timber elements are new in Norway, but their use is increasing. More knowledge is needed regarding the moisture performance of massive timber elements. There is uncertainty regarding the need for vapour barriers or retarders, and construction tents are rarely used despite the elements’ sensitivity to moisture. Twelve massive timber cases from the Mycoteam database, evenly distributed
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Mechanical behaviour of sawn timber of silver birch under compression loading Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-08-07 Steven Collins; Gerhard Fink
ABSTRACT Silver birch is a common European hardwood species possessing stiff and strong material properties. The mechanical properties of birch timber under compression loads are, however, not well defined as the influence of growth characteristics have largely been disregarded in experimental investigations. To address this, the present study investigated the effect of growth characteristics on the
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Effects of radial force and log position on the stem on ring-debarker efficiency in frozen black spruce logs Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-08-05 Wassim Kharrat; Roger E. Hernández; Claudia B. Cáceres; Carl Blais
The effect of the radial force applied by a ring debarker tip to frozen black spruce logs, obtained at three positions on the stem, was studied. A one-arm ring-debarker prototype was developed, which controlled the radial force, rake angle, and cutting and feed speeds. The experiment consisted of debarking logs using three different levels of radial force. The rake angle (80°), tip overlap (20%), and
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Protecting wood infrastructure and mass timber buildings Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 Christian Brischke; Lone Ross Gobakken
(2020). Protecting wood infrastructure and mass timber buildings. Wood Material Science & Engineering. Ahead of Print.
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Protecting wood infrastructure and mass timber buildings Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 Christian Brischke; Lone Ross Gobakken
(2020). Protecting wood infrastructure and mass timber buildings. Wood Material Science & Engineering: Vol. 15, Protecting wood infrastructure and mass timber buildings, pp. 325-325.
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Comparing the accuracy of the visual assessment of longitudinal wheeltimbers against decay detection drilling methods Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-07-27 John Rhys Williams
ABSTRACT Timber has been a versatile material for centuries. During the start of the Railway Age in the nineteenth century it was in considerable demand, particularly for bridge building. Timber is still in service and widely used throughout the UK network. The resilience and favourable strength to weight ratio and its relative ease of fabrication make it an attractive material. Longitudinal wheeltimbers
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Effects of fibrillar cellulosic additives on particleboard production and properties Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Stefan Pinkl; Stefan Veigel; Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter; Hendrikus van Herwijnen; Martin Riegler
Aminoplastic particleboard adhesives are reactive, inexpensive and well established in industry. Even so, potential adhesive savings are of interest due to a number of reasons. Therefore, fibrillar cellulosic additives derived from sugar beet pulp and from wood pulp were examined with regard to beneficial effects on adhesive performance. Particleboards were prepared with, varying adhesive content and
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Wood durability in terrestrial and aquatic environments – A review of biotic and abiotic influence factors Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 Brendan Nicholas Marais; Christian Brischke; Holger Militz
Factors relevant to degradation are important in every wood application. For wood used in ground and water contact; well documented abiotic factors (or agents) include exposure to temperature and moisture linked to the physiological requirements of biotic degradation agents such as wood-decaying fungi and bacteria. Other biotic degradation agents such as subterranean insects and marine borers occur
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FE stress analysis and prediction of the pull-out of FRP rods glued into glulam timber Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 M. Khelifa; M. Oudjene; S. Ben Elechi; M. Rahim
This paper focuses on the FE analysis of the mechanical behavior of glued composite fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rods into glulam timber, using a 3D-continuum damage mechanics. The application of FRP to the glulam timber beams, despite the fact of limited investigations to date, offers an interesting and economic solution for strengthening in timber construction. In particular, the use of glued-in
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Clonal variations and effects of juvenile wood on lumber quality in Japanese larch Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 Bayasaa Tumenjargal; Futoshi Ishiguri; Taiichi Iki; Yusuke Takahashi; Ikumi Nezu; Kouhei Otsuka; Jyunichi Ohshima; Shinso Yokota
Wood properties, including Young’s modulus, differ among clones in Larix kaempferi; however, available information is still limited on among-clonal variations of lumber qualities in L. kaempferi. The objectives of this study were to clarify the clonal variations in lumber quality and to identify the effects of juvenile wood on lumber quality in L. kaempferi. A total of 21 logs of 2.5 m in length were
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Prioritization of factors affecting surface roughness of wood and wood-based materials in CNC machining: a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process model Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-06-14 Hilal Singer; Şükrü Özşahin
In this study, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was employed to prioritize some factors affecting the surface roughness of wood and wood-based materials in CNC machining. Within the model, four main factors and eighteen subfactors were defined. After constructing the hierarchical structure, the factors were analyzed through experts’ opinions. The results demonstrated that wood properties and machining
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Influence of disintegration technologies on particle structure and its mechanical properties Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 Stephan Frybort; Peter Bliem; Boris Möseler; Thomas Krenke; Raimund Mauritz; Ulrich Müller
Wood is a highly optimised lightweight material showing excellent mechanical properties in the fibre direction. However, strength and stiffness are low perpendicular to grain. Due to knots, stem taper and spiral grain, the wood material includes local and global fibre deviations. Mechanical disintegration of logs into veneers and sawn timber is more or less ignoring the orientation of the natural wood
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Partial substitution of pMDI with lignin containing cellulose nanofibrils: low density oriented strand board Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 Marina Hornus; Brian K. Via; Tom Gallagher; Maria S. Peresin
This study found that the substitution of 6% unbleached cellulose nanofibers (LCNF) into pMDI allowed for a reduction in density of 0.09 and 0.08 g/cm3 for equivalent performance in modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture respectively; while, all other properties except internal bond were maintained. For panels made above 0.60 g/cm3, it was found that blows would consistently occur due to additional
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The tuneable rubberwood: roles of impregnated polymer level Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-06-10 Benjama Meethaworn; Sureurg Khongtong
This study exhibits the tuneable rubberwood with the actively controlled properties. Various amounts of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were introduced into rubberwood tissues under the allowed environment. The embedded PMMA resulted to weight gaining up to about 60% and caused an increase in the density from 650 (for untreated rubberwood) to 1060 kg/m3 (for fully impregnated one). Additionally, scanning
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Microstructural analysis of Eucalyptus nitens wood through computed microtomography Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-06-02 J. G. Rivera Ramos; R. Espinoza Herrera; D. Arteaga; J. Cruz de León; L. Olmos
The objective of this work is to analyze the dry wood anatomical microstructure of Eucalyptus nitens, from an eight-year commercial plantation, by computed microtomography. 3D images with a voxel size of 5003 nm3 were acquired to study the tissue in areas without vessels. Quantitative and qualitative data of fibers, parenchyma, and pits were obtained. Permeability was estimated by numerical simulations
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Characterization of MDF reinforced with Al2O3 Nano particles considering physical, mechanical and quasi-static properties Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-05-26 Sadaf Karkoodi; Gholamhossein Liaghat; Hamid Zarea Hosseinabadi; Hamed Ahmadi
The paper investigates the addition of Nano-Al2O3 powder (alumina, Average Particle Size: 20 nm) on the characteristics of the Medium Density Fibreboards (MDF) made by the forest fibers. Some important physical, mechanical and quasi-static properties of the panels were measured according to the standard test methods and apparatus. Different percentages of alumina powder (0, 1, 2, and 3 weight percentage
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Estimating wood moisture by near infrared spectroscopy: Testing acquisition methods and wood surfaces qualities Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-05-22 Luana Maria dos Santos; Evelize Aparecida Amaral; Erick Martins Nieri; Emylle Veloso Santos Costa; Paulo Fernando Trugilho; Natalino Calegário; Paulo Ricardo Gherardi Hein
Moisture is one of the most important wood properties because its variation directly influences the material strength and density. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop near infrared (NIR) spectroscopic models in order to estimate the moisture content in wood specimens. Moreover, predictive models built from NIR signatures recorded by different acquisition methods and on wood surfaces were compared
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Hyperspectral NIR time series imaging used as a new method for estimating the moisture content dynamics of thermally modified Scots pine Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 Petter Stefansson; Thomas Thiis; Lone Ross Gobakken; Ingunn Burud
ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to develop a method for estimating the spatially and temporally resolved moisture content of thermally modified Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) using remote sensing. Hyperspectral time series imaging in the NIR wavelength region (953–2516 nm) was used to gather information about the absorbance of eight thermally modified pine samples each minute as they dried
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Hydraulic conductivity of some perishable wood species in Southeastern Nigeria: A quantitative approach to determine their treatability Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-05-06 Godswill C. Ajuziogu; Eugene O. Ojua; Anthony E. Nweze; Fabian O. Attah
Wood is a biological material that is readily degraded by bacteria, fungi, and insects, as a result, enormous economic losses are incurred annually. The potentials of perishable wood species would be dependent on their treatability to increase their service life. This study reports on the treatability of wood by testing the hydraulic conductances as estimated by Hagen Poiseuille equation on four perishable
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Medium-density fibreboards bonded with phenol-formaldehyde resin and calcium lignosulfonate as an eco-friendly additive Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-04-14 Petar Antov; Viktor Savov; George I. Mantanis; Nikolay Neykov
ABSTRACT The potential of addition of calcium lignosulfonate as an eco-friendly additive with a phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin, at different ratios, to produce medium-density fibreboards (MDF) with acceptable properties, was investigated in this work. The fibreboards were fabricated in the laboratory with low PF resin percentage (3%, 4%, 5%), while the addition levels of calcium lignosulfonate varied
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Protecting the heartwood of wood infrastructure – improving performance with borate dual treatments Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-04-07 Jeff D. Lloyd; Adam M. Taylor; Christian Brischke; Nathan Irby
ABSTRACT Wood is by far the best structural material in terms of environmental impact. This superiority can be improved if the longevity of the commodity is extended by reducing the decay susceptibility of the heartwood not typically treatable using pressure methods. Traditionally, heartwood decay has been managed by remedial treatments, or simply by accepting the short service life and the required
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Ability to predict flexural properties of Douglas-fir crossarms Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-03-18 Christopher H. Anderson; Arijit Sinha; Matthew J. Konkler; Jeffrey J. Morrell
Crossarms are heavy timbers used to support electrical lines on utility poles. The requirements for crossarm material are fairly strict especially with respect to limitations on the presence of knots, which represent a gap or hole in the timber and also result in grain deviations that can affect properties. The strict grading rules can sometimes result in shortages of acceptable material. The potential
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High-energy multiple impact (HEMI) tests of wood–polypropylene composites: new insights in structural integrity Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-03-17 Kim C. Krause; Andreas Krause; Sarah E. Pilz; Christian Brischke
The structural integrity of wood–polymer composites (WPC) has not been fully investigated, which can be attributed to a lack of applicable test procedures. In this study, wood–polypropylene composites were assessed by High-Energy Multiple Impact (HEMI) testing. The acquired composites were based on wood particles from various sources and different wood fibre contents, respectively. With respect to
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Determination of the onset and propagation criteria of delamination of Ceiba plywood by an experimental and numerical analysis Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 Anouar El Moustaphaoui; Abdelkarim Chouaf; Khadija Kimakh; M’hamed Chergui
The complexity of Ceiba plywood damage makes prediction of onset and propagation of delamination an unavoidable problem. The aim of this work is to establish an onset criterion resulting from numerical modeling and a delamination propagation law from a series of experimental tests. Several tests have been put in place to evaluate the fracture toughness in mode I, mode II and mixed mode I+II. Numerical
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Densified wood impregnated with phenol resin for reduced set-recovery Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-03-04 Matthew Schwarzkopf
ABSTRACT Thermal-hydro-mechanical (THM) densification treatments were performed on Populus spp. (poplar), Picea abies (spruce), and Fagus sylvatica (beech). Prior to THM treatment, a low-molecular weight resin was impregnated into the wood structure. Densification results, mechanical characteristics (modulus of elasticity, rupture, and hardness), and set-recovery were assessed. All wood species were
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The effect of finger length and adhesive type on the curing time of finger-jointed black pine (Pinus nigra L.) lumber Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-03-03 Dimitrios Tsalagkas; Zoltán Börcsök; Zoltán Pásztory
Finger-joint is a technological process that uses small-dimension and low-quality lumber to obtain high-quality structural wood products. Curing time of an adhesive consists one of the most important factors on the final performance of finger-jointed wood. In this study, finger-jointed black pine (Pinus nigra L.) specimens were prepared to investigate the effect of finger length and adhesive type on
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Evaluation of mechanical properties of OSB/3 after repetitive soaking and oven-drying cycles Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-02-07 Regino Kask; Harri Lille; Mihkel Kiviste; Renee Tamm; Valdor Reigo; Johann Olaf Lääne
The objective of this study was to evaluate some mechanical properties of OSB/3 after one to ten cycles of soaking and oven/drying (accelerated aging). The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), found by 3-point bending and screw withdrawal load (SWL), were determined in dry and wet conditions in the face and back surface, and in the cutting edge. The specimens were soaked for 24 hours
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Predicting failure of notched cross-laminated timber plates including the effect of environmental stresses Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 John A. Nairn
This paper derives analytical predictions for notched cross-laminated timber (CLT) plate delamination using fracture mechanics for crack propagation from the notch root. The analysis accounts for both CLT heterogeneity and residual stresses caused by seasonal variations in temperature and humidity. The accuracy of predictions coupled with shear corrections, was confirmed by comparison to finite element
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Potential for decay in mass timber elements: A review of the risks and identifying possible solutions Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Jed Cappellazzi; Matthew J. Konkler; Arijit Sinha; Jeffrey J. Morrell
ABSTRACT Mass timber represents a range of composite materials, including glued- or nail-laminated timber, cross-laminated timber, laminated veneer lumber, and mass plywood panels that are increasingly used to construct multi-story structures. The potential of these wood materials has energized the architectural and engineering communities as they seek less energy-intensive building materials. However
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Fire protection provided by clay and lime plasters Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-01-27 Johanna Liblik; Judith Küppers; Birgit Maaten; Alar Just
Plasters are traditional surface finish materials in timber buildings. Today, the lack of fire performance data and design guidelines place such ecological materials at a disadvantage since plaster is not considered as a fire protection material for timber. This study aims to provide an up-to-date overview of performed fire tests accompanied by investigations on thermal properties of selected ready-mix
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Comparative studies of three tropical wood species under compressive cyclic loading and moisture content changes Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-01-14 Arnauld Clauvy’s Engonga Edzang; Claude Feldman Pambou Nziengui; Serge Ekomy Ango; Samuel Ikogou; Rostand Moutou Pitti
This paper deals with the experimental study devoted to cyclic compressive loading of three tropical species (Aucoumea Klaineana Pierre (AKP), Milicia Excelsa (ME) and Pterocarpus Soyauxii ( PS)) at different moisture content (MC) levels. According to the French requirement, NF EN 408, 90 samples are taken from these three species. The experimental campaign consists of static tests concerning 15 samples
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Programmable passive actuation for adaptive building façade design using hygroscopic properties of wood Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-01-14 Rana El-Dabaa; Sherif Abdelmohsen; Yasser Mansour
This paper exploits the hygroscopic properties of wood and its passive response to fluctuation of relative humidity to develop a framework for programmable actuation in adaptive building façade design. This responsive shape shifting mechanism is specifically employed for the embedded actuation of dynamic shading configurations. Utilizing the hygroscopic properties of wood in adaptive shading devices
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Field measurements and simulation of an massive wood panel envelope with ETICS Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-01-12 Villu Kukk; Jaan Kers; Targo Kalamees
ABSTRACT Sufficient dry-out capacity of the constructional moisture is important for solid wood structure wall assemblies, especially with a non-ventilated façade system. The objective of this study was to create a validated simulation model of a Massiv-Holz-Mauer (MHM) panel external wall with ETICS (External Thermal Insulation Composite Systems) based on the field measurements. Field measurements
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Monitoring a building made of CLT in Ljubljana Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2020-01-12 Miha Humar; Davor Kržišnik; Boštjan Lesar; Bruno Dujič
ABSTRACT The importance of renewable and environmentally acceptable materials in the construction industry is increasing. Wood is one of the most important construction materials and its use in building applications has further expanded in recent decades, mainly due to the development of modern composites, firstly glue lam, OSB (Oriented Strand Board), LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber) and a considerable
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Effect of wood and panel density on the properties of lightweight strand boards Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2019-12-25 Tien Pham Van; Christian Schöpper; André Klüppel; Carsten Mai
The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of wood and panel density on the properties of lightweight strand boards (SB). For this purpose, we compared lightweight SBs made of low-density kiri wood (Paulownia tomentosa), medium-density pine wood (Pinus sylvestris) and high-density beech wood (Fagus sylvatica). Single-layer non-oriented SBs were manufactured with target densities of 300 and
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Initial moisture content, bulk density, bulk porosity and desorption isotherm of wood chips from five species of the boreal forest Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2019-11-24 Bruno Cousin; Serge-Thierry Lekounougou
This study is related to drying of wood chips as a preconditioning step for wood pellet production. This article presents experimental data which are important in designing an industrial drying process: initial moisture content, bulk density, bulk porosity and desorption isotherm. Five wood species from the boreal forest have been investigated and two initial hydric states were considered, i.e. green
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Exploratory thermal modification of western hemlock Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2019-11-22 Sepideh Nourian; Stavros Avramidis
This research focuses on exploring commercial heat treatment on western hemlock product quality for potentially new applications and markets for this abundant Pacific Northwest coast softwood species. In this regard, flatsawn and quartersawn kiln-dried hemlock boards were subjected to the ThermoWood® process in a commercial unit at three temperatures, i.e. 170°C, 212°C, 230°C and for 2 h. Samples were
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Potential of the near-infrared spectroscopy for the discrimination of wood and charcoal of four native Myrtaceae species in southern Brazil Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2019-11-16 Helena Cristina Vieira; Joielan Xipaia dos Santos; Eliane Lopes da Silva; Polliana D’ Angelo Rios; Graciela Inés Bolzon de Muñiz; Simone Ribeiro Morrone; Silvana Nisgoski
Because of the species similarity and the need to differentiate wood of the Myrtaceae family, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy for discrimination of wood and charcoal from Campomanesia xanthocarpa Berg, Eugenia pyriformis Cambess., Myrcia retorta Cambess. and Plinia peruviana (Poir.) Govaerts, native of the Araucaria Forest. For each evaluated species, three
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Correction Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2019-10-28
(2020). Correction. Wood Material Science & Engineering: Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. i-i.
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Economic value of optical and X-ray CT scanning in bucking of Scots pine Wood Mater. Sci. Eng. (IF 1.265) Pub Date : 2019-10-03 Hannu Rummukainen; Marika Makkonen; Jori Uusitalo
In the Nordic countries, trees are typically bucked into logs using harvesters that measure only a two-dimensional diameter profile of the stem. Because the value of a log can vary significantly depending on its shape and internal defects, bucking decisions can in principle be improved by optical scanning of the three-dimensional stem shape, and detection of knots and other features inside the stem
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