ABSTRACT The present study investigated how the applications of the time-moisture superposition principle (TMSP) under a moisture content (MC) range of 0–14.2% and the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) under a temperature range of 30–150 °C would affect to Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata [Lamb.] Hook.) creep behaviors across grain orientations via a dynamic mechanical analysis instrument

ABSTRACT Low-carbon buildings and construction products can play a key role in creating a low-carbon society. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is proposed as a prime example of innovative building products, revolutionising the use of timber in multi-storey construction. Therefore, an understanding of the synergy between structural engineering design solutions and climate impact of CLT is essential. In

ABSTRACT Bamboo-wood composite container flooring (BWCCF), as a low-cost, sustainable, and eco-friendly product, plays an increasing role in the container flooring industry. In this paper, the structural characteristics of radial bamboo slivers (RBS) from different locations of bamboo culms were studied. Furthermore, the mechanical performance and failure mechanisms of 17-layer BWCCF, made of radial

ABSTRACT Moso bamboo was firstly treated in a vacuum chamber at 150°C, 170°C, 190°C, and 210°C for 1, 2, and 3 h, respectively. Nano-TiO2 gel were then coated on the surface of thermally treated (TM) bamboo. Finally, specimens were radiated by an accelerated aging chamber of xenon lamp for 144 h. Chroma Meter, Scanning electron microscopy and Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were applied to

ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of two transparent UV curing coatings (i.e. epoxy acrylate and urethane acrylate) modified by zero, 0.2, and 0.5 loading percent of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZN) on the weathering resistance of thermally modified timber were investigated. Both coatings improved the weathering resistance of the modified wood; however, epoxy acrylate showed much better performance

ABSTRACT The scope of this article is an inter-industry study of the Swedish Wood Manufacturing Sector (WMS), examined from the perspective of the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) paradigm in the theoretical field of Industrial Organization. The four research questions are: (1) identify the industries within the sector, (2) construct a contextually adapted SCP model and form the basis for hypotheses

ABSTRACT This study aims to study the improvement in the properties of heat-treated wood material by impregnation. For this purpose, black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) wood specimens were modified in two stages: impregnation with 1%, 3% and 5% of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and sodium carbonate (SC) compounds followed by heat treatment at four different temperatures. Test specimens were pre-treated with

ABSTRACT This paper aims to study the mechanical, thermal and hygroscopic behavior of Okan (Cylicodiscus gabunensis) and Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon), two African hardwood species grown in southern Cameroon. The mechanical characterization of wood at 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% was investigated using tensile and bending tests. The thermal parameters were measured at the same moisture content levels

ABSTRACT The African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) in homogenous plantations and natural forests is widely studied, but there is a lack of information on wood from trees grown in agroforestry systems (AFSs). The objective of this work was to evaluate the wood quality of African mahogany produced in AFS. The wood was obtained from a multi-stratified AFS located in the State of Rondônia, Brazil. The

ABSTRACT With increasing environmental concerns, the building sector must rethink the selection of building materials not only for structural members but also for connections. Densified wooden nails might become an alternative to metallic fasteners, at least in applications with lower structural requirements. However, their structural behaviour in timber-to-timber connections is not yet systematically

ABSTRACT Even though oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.), a common species in the East Black Sea Region of Turkey, is used in a wide range of applications, its wood has low permeability. This study investigated the degradation effects of the bioincising process to improve its treatability with wood preservatives on the microstructure of oriental spruce wood. Test samples were previously subjected

ABSTRACT This paper describes a methodology for mathematical modeling, computing, and research of two mutually connected problems: 2D non-stationary temperature distribution in logs stored for a long time in an open warehouse at periodically changing ambient air temperature in winter and change in the icing degrees of the logs during this time. Mathematical descriptions of the periodically changing

ABSTRACT Moso bamboo were heat-treated under saturated steam atmosphere at three different temperatures separately: 120°C (low temperature heat treatment, LH group), 160°C (medium temperature heat treatment, MH group), and 195°C (high temperature heat treatment, HH group). Then, the heat-treated bamboo slivers were placed in an accelerated UV weathering tester for a total of 960 h. The samples without

ABSTRACT Since its market entry in 2001, ThermoWood® has become the most established form of thermal modification globally. Whilst its properties have been widely reported, there is still a need for a readily-applied quality control method to ensure treatments meet the criteria outlined by the International ThermoWood Association. One such method for quality control has focussed on the use of colour

ABSTRACT This paper deals with an innovative experimental study performed on glued-laminated timber (GLT) beams, machined and made with three tropical hardwood species. Defect-free beams were obtained by combining alternatively the lamellas taken from the densest to the least dense species, to have TRIO and DUO specimens. Then, static 3-point bending tests were performed on these beams, to assess their

ABSTRACT A timber bridge constructed in 1815 was renovated in 2018, wherein the load-bearing system was reinforced with beech laminated veneer lumber (LVL) elements. Beech LVL is primarily found in dry and heated structures (Service Class 1). Although the material of this bridge would not be directly exposed to weather, it would be exposed to outdoor relative humidity ranging between 50% in spring

ABSTRACT Due to the rapid decline in coniferous (softwood) stands in Europe, the wood-based panel industry will be forced to adapt its products to the wood market supply. The production of wood fibre insulation boards (WFIB), which are usually made with softwood fibres, must therefore be converted to the use of hardwood fibres. The objective of this study was to investigate the properties of WFIB made

ABSTRACT Connections made with laterally loaded dowel-type fasteners are important details in timber structures. According to Eurocode 5, their load-carrying capacity can be calculated with the so-called European Yield Model (EYM) and simplified rules for the determination of slip-moduli are given. The slip modulus is given as a mean value for the serviceability limit state and a simple reduction of

ABSTRACT The cutting process of oak (Quercus robur) was investigated by means of a novel testing approach. A unique testing device, enabling nearly linear stand-alone cuts, was used. The specimens climatized to 6 different moisture content levels were machined within cutting velocities ranging from 5 to 80 m·s−1, at 5 cutting fibre angles from along to across the grain, and at different uncut chip

ABSTRACT This research was conducted to identify and compare the chemical compositions in Persian silk tree (Albizia julibrissin Durazz.) from different parts of wood and bark, using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS, LC-MS), and elemental analysis. FTIR analysis showed significant differences in the chemical structure

ABSTRACT A bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database was performed to identify research trends related to cross-laminated timber (CLT) from 2006, when the earliest publication was found, to 2018. The analysis revealed a rapidly increasing number of annual publications, great contribution of conference papers to the total scientific production regarding this topic, a high degree of transdisciplinary

ABSTRACT This study focused on the potential use of hazelnut husk (HH) flour, agricultural by-product, as filler in the PLA biocomposite films. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the biocomposites films decreased with the increasing content of the HH flour. As the amount of the HH flour in the PLA was increased by 10 wt%, the tensile strength decreased from 33 to 26.3 MPa. A sharp decrease

ABSTRACT Computed tomography (CT) scanning of logs makes appearance-grading virtual sawn timber possible before the log is sawn. A CT-scanner can measure the knot structure inside a scanned log, inferring how to saw the log. The knot structure of virtual sawn timber was graded as being suitable or not for a specific product by the existing rule-based approach and used to create a set of descriptive

ABSTRACT Spherical wood bodies included in the various objects or assemblies may be subjected to compression forces. On the other hand, there are several methods of obtaining spherical wood bodies by removing the material in chips. It is of interest, as such, to develop research that highlights the compression behavior of spherical wood bodies obtained as a result of the application of cutting processes

ABSTRACT The results of experimental research on the colour changes of beech wood at different depths of the tested layer are presented. Beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) dried in a conventional kiln was tested. Half of the wood samples were steamed prior to the drying process. Colour changes were measured at various depths after the face milling process was used to remove the material to expose to the

ABSTRACT Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens are the most dominant hardwood plantation species in Australia. Although containing a considerable amount of growth irregularities, there is an increasing interest by the industry in developing structural products, especially cross-laminated timber (CLT), from these plantation resources. In this study, for the first time, the rolling shear (RS) properties

ABSTRACT This study presents the creep behaviour of inner- and surface-layers of Japanese cypress boxed-heart timber under constant and cyclic moisture sorption using cantilever creep test at a temperature of 20, 65, and 80°C. The objective was to measure the viscoelastic and mechanosorptive creep parameters of the timber at each temperature. A load representing 20% of the ultimate rupture load under

ABSTRACT The possibilities for building in wood have gradually increased in recent decades mainly due to environmental benefits. But there are still restrictions in terms of fire regulations in many countries, especially for taller buildings. The situation has therefore been mapped in about 40 countries on four continents as an update to a survey in 2002. The main issues are how high buildings with

ABSTRACT The reinforcement of pristine nanoclay (PNC) and modified nanoclay (MNC) in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins at the alkaline stage of synthesis was investigated in this work. The modification of PNC using copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) as transition metal ions was carried by three different modification methods that were coded as Cu-MNC (25, 36), Cu-MNC (60, 6), and Cu-MNC (80, 3), respectively

ABSTRACT Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aluminium hydroxide and borates, separately or combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), upon the technological and fire properties of medium density fibreboard (MDF). Fire resistant MDF was fabricated in the laboratory from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) fibres bonded with a high molar ratio melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin. Overall, 24 h-swelling

ABSTRACT Owing to the expensive and toxic nature of physical and chemical methods employed in the synthesis of commercially available metal nanoparticles used in wood protection, researchers are in search of non-toxic methods for nanoparticle synthesis. The present study involves biological synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using leaf extracts of Lantana camara L. and Nerium oleander L. The synthesised

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of the size of various raw materials on the temperature and vapour pressure behaviour of wood-based panels during hot-pressing. Five types of materials (veneer, strand, particle, fibre, powder) were used as furnish and twelve different kinds of furnish were used for laboratory-scale wood-based composite panels. A press monitoring system (PressMAN Lite) was

ABSTRACT In this study, Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) was manufactured from bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus Roxb. Nees) fibers and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins at different hot-pressing pressures using a novel needle-punching treatment to improve the properties of the panel. One-, two-, three- and four-time needle-punching treatments (1TP, 2TP, 3TP, and 4TP) were used in this work. Laboratory MDF

ABSTRACT The optimum adjustment the CNC (Computer Numerical Control) processing parameters is extremely important, especially in finishing processes such as coating, painting, and varnishing where surface quality is required. This work aimed to determine the CNC processing parameters for the best wood surface quality by ANN (Artificial Neural Network). For this aim, the surface roughness values of

ABSTRACT Faidherbia albida is a typical emblematic species of African dryland areas. In Chad, it is used for many purposes, but very little is known about the technological properties of its wood, which sometimes leads to inappropriate uses. This work consisted to study the physical and mechanical properties of this wood, collected in the Sahelian and Sudanian chadian zone. As well as the impact study

ABSTRACT In simulation of wood mechanical behaviors, it is imperative to define elastic engineering parameters of the wood (three Young’s moduli, three shear moduli and six Poisson’s ratios). As regards, the determination of a set of nine independent elastic constants of wood by the experimental method is expensive and laborious and requires several specimens and test equipment and the literature is

ABSTRACT Ethyl cyanoacrylate polymerizes at room temperature, and is often used as an adhesive in many areas for a wide variety of applications. In this study, the possibility of using poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) in the field of wood modification was investigated. For this purpose, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) samples were impregnated with poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate)

ABSTRACT Poplar is a common tree species that is extensively cultivated in China, and its density is relatively low. The low density of poplar results in low mechanical properties, which restrict its application range. However, the density of wood can be increased by compressing the porous structure in the transverse direction. Before compression, the wood needs to be softened from a rigid state to

ABSTRACT Various factors affect the bonding quality of elements used for timber construction. This review includes literature studies and personal experiences related to relevant technological variables defining glue bond performance in glue-laminated timber elements during their service life. The gluing of hardwood species receives special focus as it is considered by the industry to be the most challenging

ABSTRACT Reducing the kerf width in bandsawing has potential in reducing waste while optimising the yield. To be able to reduce the kerf width, understanding the cutting forces becomes critical. In this work, nine cutting teeth with varying band-body thicknesses and side clearances were tested by cutting both heartwood and sapwood of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris

ABSTRACT Novel approaches for a non-toxic protection of timber have been investigated and referred to as “wood modification”. Especially, chemical impregnation modifications show promising opportunities to improve a wide range of wood properties. Yet, most of the available treatments resort to technically synthesized oil-based chemicals. Therefore, new ways of wood modification based on citric acid

ABSTRACT The present study aims at identifying and analyzing challenges and prospects related to the use of pseudoelastic shape memory alloys for well-established double shear connections in timber engineering. The unique behavior of shape memory alloys will allow to bear large reversible deformations without loss of cohesion. Thereby, the main objective of the present work is to study the behavior

ABSTRACT The biggest obstacle in using the wood as a building material is its lack of resistance against fire. In this study, it is aimed to provide resistance against this big obstacle in using the wood. In this sense, the novel flame-retardant wood composites were produced by using inorganic Turkish huntite and hydromagnesite minerals. For the production of composite material, the mineral was crushed

ABSTRACT The mineral content of particleboard (PB) is suspected to be one of the main factors influencing cutting-tool life. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of the mineral content of PBs on tool life as a function of the mineral content and the size of the largest sand grains. The mineral content of PB according to ISO 3340 was used as a value for the abrasiveness.

ABSTRACT More interest in larch (Larix kaempferi) has been taken because of a greater focus on environmental properties. Steam explosion is an inexpensive and facile approach for the increasing rate of drying and durability of wood. A significant improvement in gas permeability and sound absorption coefficient of steam-exploded larch wood relative to the control wood is observed. It is due to structural

ABSTRACT The present work evaluates the production of wood–cement particleboards (WCBs) with addition of coconut-husk fibers. Trees of a Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis hybrid were used as wood source. Boards were produced with addition of five coconut-fiber levels (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) to replace the original wood, in a completely randomized design. From each board, specimens

ABSTRACT Wood has a very high variability compared to other construction materials. Such variability may be more important in the Congo Basin forest, in which hundreds of species are regularly exploited for trading in international markets. Reducing such a variability in construction applications is a major challenge since the characteristic values of strength properties may have penalizing effects

ABSTRACT The use of polymeric materials for the sustainable packaging sector is constantly improving due to meet the required properties for the application. However, most polymers come from non-renewable sources and can harm the environment, if inappropriately disposed. Therefore, this study aims to develop environmentally friendly composites based on polycaprolactone (PCL), a biodegradable polymer

ABSTRACT An extreme inclination angle of helical cutting tool edge has been developed in milling of new commercially wood-based materials. The purpose of this research was to investigate wear resistance, chip flow and shape, surface roughness, and noise level of helical edge cutting tools in milling wood-based materials. The wood-based materials of wood plastic composite, laminated veneer lumber, and

Abstract A persistent issue in adhesively bonded wood-based composites is their moisture durability. A key question, therefore, is: what is the best approach to assessing moisture durability of wood composites? Previous work has focused on failure initiation (e.g. internal bond strength) and therefore, could not consider effects of moisture on subsequent damage propagation. This research addressed

ABSTRACT Vertical integration of supply chains has enabled industrialised house-building companies to develop and use product platforms. Constant changes in the external business environment, such as customer needs, legal requirements and demand fluctuations, continually compel companies to strategically align their product platforms with market position and offering accordingly. Achieving alignment

ABSTRACT The literature is replete with studies conducted on wood-based boards. However, studies involving the influence of orthotropy and shear deformation on the one-dimensional buckling behaviour of oriented strand boards are lacking. This study is a step-by-step approach towards investigating and discussing the influence of orthotropy and shear deformation on the bending and one-dimensional buckling

ABSTRACT This study compares the environmental impacts of various durability scenarios of a case-study wood structure, including variations on wood species, preservative products and treatment methods. The method applied in this study compared the environmental impacts of various durability scenarios exposed to use class 3.1 during 30 years. Durability scenarios vary in terms of wood species (Softwoods

ABSTRACT This work explores an effect of nitrogen ion implantation on the life time of WC-Co tools used in particleboard milling. Nitrogen ions with different energy of 5, 50, and 500 keV and fluence of 1e17 and 5e17 cm−2 were implanted into the surface of commercially available WC-Co composite indexable knives, using the implanters with mass-separated ion beams. Both untreated and modified samples

ABSTRACT The use of reinforcements in glued laminated timber (Glulam) beams has enabled the increase of mechanical performance of this type of structure. This work aimed to evaluate the performance of Glulam beams reinforced with steel bars, having applied the homogenization of the cross section. Therefore, the experimental results of reinforced Glulam beams under static bending were investigated by

ABSTRACT Recently, research and development works have expanded to include the application of electrostatic powder coatings on non-conductive materials such as plastic, wood, and wood-based composite panels. Within the scope of this research, low temperature curing (120–130°C) was applied to wood-based composite panels of medium-density fiberboard (MDF), particleboard, and plywood panels to facilitate

ABSTRACT Wood is one of the most important building materials. During the service life of wood and derived materials, various degradation factors affect performance. To assess how weathering influenced the material resistance and moisture dynamics of wood, 11 different materials were exposed to natural weathering for 9, 18 and 27 months or artificial accelerated weathering. Afterwards, the moisture

ABSTRACT Impregnation of an appropriate chemical compound in wood is a common technique to improve durability, fire retardant properties, strength and dimensional stability, increase hardness and UV resistance. This study investigated a compression treatment followed by dipping in Alkaline Copper Quaternary solution (ACQ) as an alternative treatment method of green (unseasoned) southern pine timber

ABSTRACT The scope of this article is a longitudinal strategic group study with a special focus on the strategic group-performance relationship. The empirical context is the Swedish Furniture Industry, a very heterogeneous industry well suited for this type of “middle-ground study” between industry and firm levels. The research questions are finding suitable strategic dimensions to use when in a next

ABSTRACT Eucalyptus grandis presents low durability, and due to its anatomical characteristics, impregnation with chemicals is not an effective alternative to increase it. This work analyses the effect that thermal modification carried out in an oxygen depleted atmosphere has on mass, density, hygroscopicity, chemical composition of the cell wall and decay resistance against locally collected wild