The morphological evolution and coarsening kinetics of γ′ precipitates in a Re-containing Ni-based single crystal superalloy were investigated during isothermal aging at 900, 950 and 1000 °C. After heat treatment, well-defined cuboidal γ′ precipitates with low misfit was obtained within the experimental alloy. Then coarsening rate constants and particle size distribution (PSD) of γ′ phases were calculated

Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) are the most typical pathogenic bacteria with a significantly high risk of bio-contamination, widely existing in hospital and public places. Recent studies on antibacterial materials and the related mechanisms have attracted more interests of researchers. However, the antibacterial behavior of materials is usually evaluated separately

A novel entropy-stabilized (ES) (Ca,Sr,Ba)ZrO3 ceramic has been designed and synthesized by pressureless sintering of CaZrO3, SrZrO3 and BaZrO3 powders mixtures at 1450 °C, 1500 °C and 1550 °C for 3 h. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses collectively indicate that a single solid solution is formed with a homogeneous distribution of metal elements

In this work, high-entropy ceramics (Hf0.25 Zr0.25Ta0.25Nb0.25)C (HZTNC) and HZTNC doped with 20 vol% SiC (HZTNC-SiC) were fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Their oxidation behavior was investigated over the temperature range of 1300–1500 °C for up to 60 min. Both HZTNC and HZTNC-SiC exhibited good oxidation resistance, and their weight change as a function of oxidation time obeyed a parabolic

The static recrystallization process of a cold-rolled Mg-Zn-Gd alloy was tracked by a quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction method to investigate the orientations of nuclei. The results show that orientation distribution of nuclei is associated with nucleation mechanism. The continuous static recrystallization nuclei display similar orientations to the parent grains with TD orientation. Differently

Multimodal imaging-guided chemo-photothermal therapy is an excellent cancer treatment, which can not only efficiently against tumor, but also can offer precise treatment window and real-time monitoring of the treatment efficiency. In our work, polydopamine (PDA)-coated gold nanobones ([email protected] nanocomplexes) were designed for this approach. The [email protected] nanocomplexes have strong absorbance

Grain boundary precipitation and segregation play an important role on determining mechanical properties of Mg alloys. In the present work, we studied work focuses on the strengthening and deformation mechanism of coarse-grained (CG) and fine-grained (FG) Mg-Gd-Y-Ag-Zr-Ce alloy. The CG alloy is strengthened by means of age-strengthening with the formation of both basal plate γ′′ and prismatic plate

The effect of Mo additions on the microstructures and mechanical properties of CoCrNi alloys was investigated, meanwhile, ab initio calculations are performed to quantitatively evaluate the lattice distortion and stacking fault energy (SFE). The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of (CoCrNi)97Mo3 alloy are 475 MPa, 983 MPa and 69%, respectively. The yield strength is increased

The mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of as-cast, as-annealed and hot-rolled nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) alloy (Cu-9Al-10Ni-4Fe-1.2 Mn, all in wt.%) in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution were investigated. The results show that annealing introduces a large number of κ phases to precipitate in the α phase. However, after further hot rolling, the original continuous κ phases are spheroidized and dispersed

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are of great interest in materials science and engineering communities owing to their unique phase structure. HEAs are constructed with five or more principal alloying elements in equimolar or near-equimolar ratios. Therefore, they can derive their performance from multiple principal elements rather than a single element. In this work, three-dimensional printing laser cladding

Study on the diffusion growth of ternary intermetallic compounds in Mg-Al-Zn based light-weight alloys is important due to its close interrelation with alloy property. However, there is a very lack of existing data due to difficulties in both experimental and computational aspects. The current work aims at presenting the experimental observation on the diffusion growth behavior of ϕ phase at 360 °C

The transient crevice corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in NaCl solution has been investigated by a multiphysics coupling model. The model considers local electrochemical reactions, transport of different species, and homogeneous reactions. The moving mesh method is used to obtain the geometrical change of the crevice wall with time due to corrosion. The level set method is employed to quantitatively

In the current study, the transformation in the composition of non-metallic inclusions from the molten steel to the solidified steel was studied and the composition distribution of inclusions on the cross section of a linepine continuous casting slab was predicted. During cooling and solidification of the continuous casting strand, Al2O3-CaO inclusions reacted with the bulk steel and transformed to

Both surface and internal microstructures of a second-generation Ni-based single crystal (SX) superalloy were studied after creep and rejuvenation heat treatment (RHT). It is indicated that the microstructures, such as the dislocation network, the γ phase and the γ' phase, can be recovered to those after the standard heat treatment (SHT). It is found that RHT affected zone (RAZ) formed at the surface

This work focused on the role of Al2O3 particles in the corrosion behavior of cold sprayed AA5083 aluminum alloy matrix composite (Al-MMC) coatings. The electrochemical characterization of the coatings was investigated in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution as a function of time. The results show that fragmentation of Al2O3 particles is not clearly observed in the case of AA5083/20 vol.% Al2O3 coating, while

This work focuses on analysis of microstructure morphology and crystallographic orientation for Ti-17 alloy during hot working. The results show that alpha phase and beta phase influence each other and there is a coordinate deformation between them. The non-uniform deformation is observed under small deformation conditions. The observing area can be divided into small deformation zone (area L) and

Processing soft ferromagnetic glass-forming alloys through gas atomization and consolidation is the most effective technique to produce bulk samples. The commercial viability of these materials depends on commercial purity feedstock. However, crystallization in commercial purity feedstock is several orders of magnitude faster than in high purity materials. The production of amorphous powders with commercial

Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) treatment on non-equiatomic medium- and high-entropy alloy (HEA) of Fex(CoCrMnNi)100-x is firstly introduced and its impact on microstructure and mechanical properties are revealed. By UNSM, severe plastic deformation-induced dislocation and deformation twins (DTs) arise at the topmost surface. Especially, Fe60(CoCrMnNi)40 (Fe60), which is classified

During the deformation of Mg alloys, {10–12} extension twin often contributes to the formation of basal texture but rarely assists the nucleation of recrystallization, i.e., effective grain refinement, therefore it seems to make against the improvement of formability and mechanical properties. In this work, {10–12} extension twin has been creatively utilized as a preference nucleation site for static

In this work, two wrought Mg-3.66Al-4.25Ca-0.43 Mn (wt%) alloys with different morphology and distribution of Mg2Ca particles were fabricated by hot extrusion and multi-pass (32) equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The as-extruded alloy exhibits a banded microstructure with alternately arranged Mg2Ca particle bands, fine α-Mg dynamically recrystallized (DRX) grain bands, and coarse α-Mg deformed

Modelling temperature- and composition-dependent thermal conductivity in alloys is challengeable and is seldom studied systematically. In the present work, a new model is developed to describe the temperature and concentration dependence of thermal conductivity for binary alloys. In this new model, firstly thermal conductivity of pure metals was modelled as the function of temperature for each phase

In additive manufacturing (AM), numerous thermal cycles make stress relaxation a significant factor in affecting the material mechanical response. However, the traditional material constitutive model cannot describe repeated annealing behavior. Here, we propose an improved constitutive model based on a serial of stress relaxation experiments, which can descript the temperature and time-dependent stress

Developing low-cost, active and durable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an urgent task for the applications such as water splitting and rechargeable metal-air battery. Herein, this work reports the fabrication of a metal and hetero atom co-doped fibrous carbon structure derived from cotton textile wastes and its use as an efficient OER catalyst. The free-standing fibrous carbon

The effects of cold work produced by peening processes in residual stress relaxation under elevated temperatures were investigated. Two types of peening processes namely shot peening and laser peening were used to generate different amount of cold work and residual stresses in the study. Characterisation of residual stress induced by cold working were carried out using X-ray diffraction coupled with

Magnesium alloys are promising as load bearing components. They are inevitably exposed to cyclic loading and corrosive environment in actual service, which can consequently result in corrosion fatigue failure and loss of mechanical integrity of the material. Therefore, in the present study, the corrosion behavior, corrosion fatigue performance and mechanical integrity of an extruded Mg4Zn0.2Sn (wt

In this work, the interconnected graphene scaffolds are prepared by three-dimensional (3D) printing for multifunctional gas detection with tunable sensitivity. The scaffolds with regularly aligned graphene conductive networks exhibit significant mechanical strength and high electrical stability to multi-direction deformation, which can be attributed to the typical core-shell structure of graphene and

To meet challenges of the global energy crisis and the freshwater resources shortage, the interfacial solar-to-steam conversion (ISSC) system was developed quickly in recent years. The photothermal materials play an important role in the ISSC system. We are devoted to developing a unique photothermal material integrating multiple 3D design philosophy both at macroscopic and microscopic levels by employing

Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) have been developed rapidly in recent years and used in a wide range of application at point-of-care-testing (POCT), where small biomolecules can be conveniently examined on a test strip. Compared with other biochemical detection methods such as ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) or mass spectrometry method, LFIAs have the advantages of low cost, easy operation

The effect of ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) irradiation on amorphous (am) SnO2 and its impact on the photoconversion efficiency of MAPbI3-based perovskite solar cells were investigated in detail. UVO treatment was found to increase the amount of chemisorbed oxygen on the am-SnO2 surface, reducing the surface energy and contact angle. Physicochemical changes in the am-SnO2 surface lowered the Gibbs free energy

In order to improve mechanical properties of refractory high entropy alloys, silicide was introduced and NbMoTiVSix (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4, molar ratio) refractory high entropy alloys are prepared by vacuum arc melting. Phase composition, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were systematically studied. Results show that the silicide phase is formed in the alloys with addition

The eutectic Ag-Cu alloys exhibiting fine Ag-Cu lamellar eutectic structure formed upon rapid solidification have great potentials being used in various engineering fields. However, the desired fine primary lamellar eutectic structure (PLES) is usually replaced by a coarse anomalous eutectic structure (AES) when the undercooling prior to solidification exceeds a certain value. The forming mechanism

Fully amorphous Zr52.5Cu17.9Ni14.6Al10Ti5 bulk metallic glass (BMG) samples with a relative density exceeding 98% were fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM). High fracture stresses of around 1700 MPa and a reproducible plastic strain of about 0.5% were obtained for cylindrical SLM samples. The analysis of the observed serrations during compressive loading implies that the shear-band dynamics

The deformation behaviors of W nanowires embedded in a TiNi matrix were investigated by means of in-situ synchrotron high energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) and in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis during tensile deformation. The HEXRD measurement indicated that the W nanowires exhibited an average lattice strain of about 1.50%, whereas the TEM examination revealed a local elastic

Flexible resistive random access memory (RRAM) has shown great potential in wearable electronics. With tunable multilevel resistance states, flexible memristors could be used to mimic the bio-synapses for constructing high-efficient wearable neuromorphic computing system. However, the flexible substrate has intrinsic disadvantages including low-temperature tolerance and poor complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor

A new type of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy for degradable orthopedic implants was developed. In the present study, the Zn and Y content was adjusted and their influences on the microstructures and mechanical behaviors were discussed in depth. The results showed that the as-extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloys are mainly composed of fine dynamic recrystallized grains (DRXed grains), large unDRXed grains and linearly distributed

Mg-0.5Sn-0.5 Mn-0.5Ca (wt.%) alloys with different microstructures are designed through casting and extrusion with and without homogenization treatment prior to extrusion (HPE). The influence of HPE treatment on the microstructural characteristics and resultant discharge properties of Mg-Sn-Mn-Ca alloy in extruded condition as anode for Mg-air battery was investigated. HPE treatment exerts a prominent

Fabrication of graphene/ceramic composites commonly requires a high-temperature sintering step with long times as well as a vacuum or inert atmosphere, which not only results in property degradation but also significant equipment complexity and manufacturing costs. In this work, the ambient flash sintering behavior of reduced graphene oxide/3 mol% yttria-stabilized ZrO2 (rGO/3YSZ) composites utilizing

The basis of the hydrophobicity of lanthanide rare earth oxides (REOs) has been the subject of considerable debate. To explore this question, the wetting behaviors and surface compositions of hierarchically-structured Yb2O3 (one of the REOs) coatings and non-REO Al2O3 coatings deposited via solution precursor plasma spray process were investigated in this work. The Yb2O3 coatings were subjected to

Benefiting from the unique “Phonon-Glass, Electron-Crystal” (PGEC) characteristic, Zintl phases have been considered as a kind of promising thermoelectric materials. For the typical AM2X2 compounds with the CaAl2Si2-type structure, YbMg2Bi2 has shown competitive thermoelectric performance recently. Nevertheless, the optimization of YbMg2Bi2 compounds is primarily focused on the substitution on Yb or

Vaporizing foil actuator spot welding method is used in this paper to join magnesium alloy AZ31 and uncoated high-strength steel DP590, which are typically considered as un-weldable due to their high physical property disparities, low mutual solubility, and the lack of any intermetallic phases. Characterization results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron

The microstructure evolution and its effect on the impact toughness of a new Ni-Fe based alloy GH984 G, used in 700 °C ultra-super critical coal-fired power plant, were investigated during thermal exposure at 650 °C-750 °C for up to 10000 h. The results show that the impact toughness at room temperature drops rapidly at the early stage during thermal exposure at 700 °C and then has no significant change

The low dielectric loss of mesoporous carbon hollow microsphere (PCHM) requires high filler loading (higher than 20 wt%) when it is used as microwave absorbers. In order to decrease the filler loading of PCHM, a new strategy for synergistic increase of polarization and conductive loss was developed by twining PCHM with carbon nanotube (CNT) according to theoretic calculation. By the optimization of

Phase equilibria in the Al-rich corner of the Al-Er-Y ternary system from 65 at.% to 100 at.% Al at 673 and 873 K were investigated, and the two isothermal sections were established by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). Three ternary-phase regions are observed and the phase relations are similar at both isothermal sections. There are

High entropy alloy (HEA)-based alloy design is experiencing a conceptual broadening from equiatomic alloys to non-equiatomic alloys. To provide experimental basis for designing Cu-rich non-equiatomic HEAs, in the current study, a dual phase (Cu-rich and CoCrFeNi-rich phases) face-centered cubic CoCrFeNiCu4 alloy was systematically investigated. We provided initial and experiment-based understanding

A dynamic compression test was performed on α + β dual-phase titanium alloy Ti20C using a split Hopkinson pressure bar. The formation of adiabatic shear bands generated during the compression process was studied by combining the proposed multi-scale crystal plasticity finite element method with experimental measurements. The complex local micro region load was progressively extracted from the simulation

The effect of particle deformation zone (PDZ) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/Mg-5Zn composites was studied. Meanwhile, the work hardening and softening behavior of SiCp/Mg-5Zn composites influenced by PDZ size were analyzed and discussed using neutron diffraction under in-situ tensile deformation. The evolution of FWHM (full width at half maximum) extracted from the diffraction

Owing to the facile, low cost, rapid, personalization characters, 3D printing method has been one of the most attractive additive manufacturing processes in medicine, airplane, packaging and printing areas. In this work, a series of carbon nanotubes/polylactic acid (CNTs/PLA) composites were prepared through the combination of molten co-extrusion and 3D printing processes. The orientation and dispersion

Differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) is regulated by a variety of cues of their surrounding microenvironments. In particular, mechanical properties of cell culture matrices have been recently disclosed to play a pivotal role in stem cell differentiation. However, it remains elusive how viscosity affects the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs during three-dimensional

Continuous exploration of high-temperature structural materials is being driven by the needs of gas-turbine engines capable of withstanding the high-temperature environment. Relatively low melting points of currently applied superalloys restrain the further improvement of service temperatures. With higher melting temperatures above 2000 °C, Mo-Si-B alloys are regarded as a new generation of ultrahigh-temperature

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)-based hydrogels have antibacterial activity, and have shown the abilities of preventing wound infection, promoting cell proliferation, accelerating collagen deposition, and stimulating hyaluronic acid formation during wound healing. As a hormone produced by the pineal gland in humans and animals, melatonin promotes skin wound healing by regulating the release of inflammatory

The synchronously periodic re-melting of molten pool was firstly introduced in additive manufacturing to promote the epitaxial growth of columnar structure using a novel quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) laser. The epitaxial growth of columnar structure was intensified and the single-crystal-like sample with highly oriented “zigzag” columnar grains was produced. The modified molten-pool geometry and the

Currently, in the era of big data and 5 G communication technology, electromigration has become a serious reliability issue for the miniaturized solder joints used in microelectronic devices. Since the effective charge number (Z*) is considered as the driving force for electromigration, the lack of accurate experimental values for Z* poses severe challenges for the simulation-aided design of electronic

Antimony chalcogenide Sb2(S, Se)3 is attracting a lot of attention as photovoltaic absorber owing to its rewarding photoelectric properties, low toxicity, and earth abundance. However, its device efficiency is still limited by the absorber material quality and device interface recombination. In this work, a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate with ultra-thin SnO2 layer and a low-cost stabilized

Radiation defects-induced plastic flow localization is the origin of loss of ductility in irradiated metals. Defect-free channels (DFCs) are a typical form of strain localization that lead to crack initiation and premature failure. A comprehensive understanding of the DFC dynamics is key to managing radiation boosted property degradation. Despite great research efforts, a clear mechanism of DFC remains