-
Microstructure of the silk fibroin-based hydrogel scaffolds derived from the orb-web spider Trichonephila clavata Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Yan Sun, Bon-Jin Ku, Myung-Jin Moon
Due to the unique properties of the silk fibroin (SF) made from silkworm, SF-based hydrogels have recently received significant attention for various biomedical applications. However, research on the SF-based hydrogels isolated from spider silks has been rtricted due to the limited collection and preparation of naïve silk materials. Therefore, this study focused on the microstructural characteristics
-
Changes of synaptic vesicles in three-dimensional synapse models by treatment with umbelliferone in scopolamine-induced hippocampal injury model Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2024-01-23 Ga-Young Choi, Eunyoung Moon, Hyosung Choi, Hee-Seok Kweon
The neuroprotective effects of umbelliferone (UMB) were visualized in three-dimensional (3D) images on vesicle density changes of organotypic hippocampal slice tissues (OHSCs) induced by scopolamine by high voltage electron microscopy. Observations revealed that the number of vesicles decreased in OHSCs induced by scopolamine, and UMB was found to inhibit scopolamine-induced reduction in vesicles,
-
A simple and rapid preparation of smooth muscle myosin 2 for the electron microscopic analysis Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2024-01-02 Anahita Vispi Bharda, Hyun Suk Jung
There has been an increase in the demand for purified protein as a result of recent developments in the structural biology of myosin 2. Although promising, current practices in myosin purification are usually time-consuming and cumbersome. The reported increased actin to myosin ratio in smooth muscles adds to the complexity of the purification process. Present study outlines a streamlined approach
-
Histology and morphometry of the skin of purple spaghetti-eel Moringua raitaborua (Anguilliformes, Moringuidae) Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Hyun-Tae Kim
The purple spaghetti-eel Moringua raitaborua lives on the sandy or muddy bottoms of estuaries, which are subject to rapid and wide changes in salinity, pH, and osmoregulatory and hypoxic conditions due to the influx of organic materials from sources of freshwater. The species has adapted to hypoxic environments by developing a thicker epidermis with stratified polygonal cells, club cells, two types
-
Three-dimensional reconstruction of Y-IrNi rhombic dodecahedron nanoframe by STEM/EDS tomography Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Taekyung Kim, Yongsang Lee, Yongju Hong, Kwangyeol Lee, Hionsuck Baik
The structural analysis of nanocrystals via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a valuable technique for the material science field. Recently, two-dimensional images by scanning TEM (STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) have successfully extended to three-dimensional (3D) imaging by tomography. However, despite improving TEM instruments and measurement techniques, detector shadowing
-
Standardizing HER2 immunohistochemistry assessment: calibration of color and intensity variation in whole slide imaging caused by staining and scanning Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Chie Ohnishi, Takashi Ohnishi, Peter Ntiamoah, Dara S. Ross, Masahiro Yamaguchi, Yukako Yagi
In the evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) — one of the standard biomarkers for breast cancer— visual assessment is laborious and subjective. Image analysis using whole slide image (WSI) could produce more consistent results; however, color variability in WSIs due to the choice of stain and scanning processes may impact image analysis. We therefore
-
Anti-obesity effects of yuja (Citrus junos Sieb ex Tanaka) pomace extract fermented with lactic acid bacteria on the hepatocytes and epididymal fat tissue of rats Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Han-Na Chu, Haeng-Ran Kim, Kyeong-A. Jang, Yu-Jin Hwang, Jeong-Sang Kim
This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of yuja pomace extract fermented with lactic acid bacteria in rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity over a period of eight weeks. Epididymal fat cell size was significantly smaller, by about 33%, in the treatment groups given yuja pomace extract fermented with lactic acid bacteria compared to the CON group. Electron microscopic observation of hepatocyte
-
Fine structural characteristics of the chorionic microspheres on the egg surface of the orb web spider Trichonephila clavata Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Seung-Min Lee, Myung-Jin Moon
The eggs laid by the orb web spider Trichonephila clavata must overwinter in bitterly freezing and dry conditions before hatching, but there does not seem to be any protection like a compact silk case covering the entire eggmass. Instead, the surface of the eggmass is completely coated with a milky coating called chorionic microspheres (CM). Therefore, we investigated the fine structural characteristics
-
Recent progress in the role of grain boundaries in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides studied using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2023-07-17 Hyo Won Kim
Grain boundaries (GBs) are one- or two-dimensional (2D) defects, which are universal in crystals and play a crucial role in determining their mechanical, electrical, optical, and thermoelectric properties. In general, GBs tend to decrease electrical or thermal conductivity, and consequently degrade the performance of devices. However, the unusual characteristics of GBs have led to the production of
-
Therapeutic treatments for diabetes mellitus-induced liver injury by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Chun-Sik Bae, Youngchan Lee, Taeho Ahn
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that affects all systems in the body, including the liver. Numerous studies have reported that chronic DM etiology and pathogenesis complications implicate oxidative stress, generating reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anions and free radicals. In addition, pro-inflammatory reactions are also underlying functions closely related to oxidative stress
-
New recorded diatoms in Holocene sediment cores from the Gonggeom-ji Wetland in Korea Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2023-01-20 Daeryul Kwon, Mirye Park, Hoil Lee, Jin-Young Lee, Sang Deuk Lee
The Gonggeom-ji reservoir is an agricultural one built for rice farming during the Proto-Three Kingdoms period and was designated as Gyeongsangbuk-do monument No. 121 because of its high historical value. The Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources has been conducting paleontological and paleoenvironmental studies on major wetlands from Korea since 2016, as well as diatom, geological
-
Environmental factors affecting akinete germination and resting cell awakening of two cyanobacteria Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2023-01-17 Kwon, Daeryul, Kim, Keonhee, Jo, Hyunjin, Lee, Sang Deuk, Yun, Suk Min, Park, Chaehong
Globally, cyanobacteria frequently cause blooms that outcompete other species in the waterbody, affecting the diversity, decreasing water exchange rates, and promoting eutrophication that leads to excessive algal growth. Here, Dolichospermum circinale (akinetes) and Microcystic aeruginosa (resting cells), were isolated from the sediment in the Uiam Dam in the North Han River and near Ugok Bridge in
-
Changes of lysosome by L-serine in rotenone-treated hippocampal neurons Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2023-01-10 Shin, Sumin, Hwang, Su-Kyeong, Mun, Ji Young
Oxidative stress destroys cellular organelles and damages DNA, eventually leading to degenerative brain disorders. Persistent mitochondrial damage by oxidative stress eventually causes cells to inhibit the function of lysosomes. Rotenone used in this study inhibits complex 1 of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Due to this inhibition, the production of free radicals is promoted, and oxidative
-
EPMA quantification on the chemical composition of retained austenite in a Fe-Mn-Si-C-based multi-phase steel Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-12-20 Heo, Yoon-Uk, Jeong, Chang-Gon, Kim, Soo-Hyun, Yoon, Gun-Young, Trang, T. T. T., Woo, Youngyun, Yoon, Eun Yoo, Lee, Young-Seon
An electron probe X-ray microanalyzer (EPMA) is an essential tool for studying chemical composition distribution in the microstructure. Quantifying chemical composition using standard specimens is commonly used to determine the composition of individual phases. However, the local difference in chemical composition in the standard specimens brings the deviation of the quantified composition from the
-
Histological study on the skin structure in two mudskippers, Periophthalmus waltoni and Boleophthalmus dussumieri in relation to their terrestrial life Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-12-16 Dorostghoal, Mehran, Jazayeri, Ashraf, Ashiri, Sara
Microscopic structure of skin in two amphibious mudskipper fish; Boleophthalmus dussumieri Valenciennes, 1837 (B. dussumeri) and Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans, 1941 (P. waltoni) were investigated in relation to their lifestyle. The general structure of skin is the same among the two species. Epidermis in B. dussumeri was thicker significantly than P. waltoni. The dermal bulges were only well developed
-
Analysis of composition and microstructure of diatom frustules in mud on the coast of Boryeong- city, South Korea Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-12-15 Bok, Mi Kyung, Chin, Chung Hwa, Choi, Hee Jung, Ham, Ju Hyun, Chang, Byung Soo
The microstructure of diatom frustules found in mud sediments along the coast of Boryeong- city, South Korea, was observed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the constituent elements of diatoms were analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Diatom frustules and clay minerals were present in the SEM images of the mud powder. High-magnification SEM images revealed that the
-
Poxvirus under the eyes of electron microscope Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-11-14 Hyun, Jaekyung
Zoonotic poxvirus infections pose significant threat to human health as we have witnessed recent spread of monkeypox. Therefore, insights into molecular mechanism behind poxvirus replication cycle are needed for the development of efficient antiviral strategies. Virion assembly is one of the key steps that determine the fate of replicating poxviruses. However, in-depth understanding of poxvirus assembly
-
Microstructural, mechanical, and electrochemical analysis of carbon doped AISI carbon steels Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-10-20 Ishtiaq, Muhammad, Inam, Aqil, Tiwari, Saurabh, Seol, Jae Bok
The effect of carbon doping contents on the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion properties of heat-treated AISI steel grades of plain carbon steel was investigated in this study. Various microstructures including coarse ferrite-pearlite, fine ferrite-pearlite, martensite, and bainite were developed by different heat treatments i.e. annealing, normalizing, quenching, and austempering, respectively
-
Review on the structural understanding of the 10S myosin II in the era of Cryo-electron microscopy Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Bharda, Anahita Vispi, Jung, Hyun Suk
The compact smooth muscle 10S myosin II is a type of a monomer with folded tail and the heads bending back to interact with each other. This inactivated form is associated with regulatory and enzymatic activities affecting myosin processivity with actin filaments as well as ATPase activity. Phosphorylation by RLC can however, shuttle myosin from the inhibited 10S state to an activated 6S state, dictating
-
Histology and morphometry of the skin of the trident goby Tridentiger brevispinis (Perciformes, Gobiidae) Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-08-09 Kim, Hyun-Tae
The Korean trident goby, Tridentiger brevispinis, lives in adverse habitats that can easily become hypoxic due to low precipitation, regional dry periods, and high amounts of solar radiation. Histological and morphometric studies revealed the goby’s specialized skin (35.4–150.0 μm in thickness), consisting of an epidermis and dermis. The thicker epidermis comprises an outermost surface layer (having
-
In-situ formation of co particles encapsulated by graphene layers Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-07-14 Lee, Minjeong, Kim, Gyutae, Jeong, Gyu Hyun, Yoon, Aram, Lee, Zonghoon, Ryu, Gyeong Hee
The process of encapsulating cobalt nanoparticles using a graphene layer is mainly direct pyrolysis. The encapsulation structure of hybrids prepared in this way improves the catalyst stability, which greatly reduces the leaching of non-metals and prevents metal nanoparticles from growing beyond a certain size. In this study, cobalt particles surrounded by graphene layers were formed by increasing the
-
Light and electron microscopic morphology of the fertilized egg and fertilized egg envelope of Poropanchax normani, Poeciliidae, Teleostei Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-07-13 Kim, Dong Heui
We examined the morphology of the fertilized egg and the fine structure of fertilized egg envelopes of Poropanchax normani belonging to the family Poeciliidae, also known as Norman’s lampeye using light and electron microscopes. The fertilized eggs with narrow perivitelline space were found to be spherical and demersal, additionally containing small oil droplets in the vitelline membrane. Further,
-
Quantitative analysis of retained austenite in Nb added Fe-based alloy Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-06-18 Ko, Kwang Kyu, Jang, Jin Ho, Tiwari, Saurabh, Bae, Hyo Ju, Sung, Hyo Kyung, Kim, Jung Gi, Seol, Jae Bok
The use of Pipelines for long-distance transportation of crude oil, natural gas and similar applications is increasing and has pivotal importance in recent times. High specific strength plays a crucial role in improving transport efficiency through increased pressure and improved laying efficiency through reduced diameter and weight of line pipes. TRIP-based high-strength and high-ductility alloys
-
Biological applications of the NanoSuit for electron imaging and X-microanalysis of insulating specimens Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-05-11 Kim, Ki Woo
Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) is an essential tool for observing surface details of specimens in a high vacuum. A series of specimen procedures precludes the observations of living organisms, resulting in artifacts. To overcome these problems, Takahiko Hariyama and his colleagues proposed the concept of the “nanosuit” later referred to as “NanoSuit”, describing a thin polymer
-
Analysis of microstructural characteristics and components of red and yellow ink pigments used in permanent makeup Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-04-11 Jin, Hyun Sook, Chang, Byung Soo
Our purpose in this study is to analyze the microstructural characteristics and constituent elements of inorganic substances added to the yellow ink and red ink pigments used in permanent makeup. We observed the microstructural properties of inorganic pigments added to the ink using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed the constituent elements of the inorganic pigment particles using an
-
Microstructure analysis of 8 μm electrolytic Cu foil in plane view using EBSD and TEM Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-03-28 Kim, Myeongjin, Park, Hyun Soon
With the lightening of the mobile devices, thinning of electrolytic copper foil, which is mainly used as an anode collection of lithium secondary batteries, is needed. As the copper foil becomes ultrathin, mechanical properties such as deterioration of elongation rate and tear phenomenon are occurring, which is closely related to microstructure. However, there is a problem that it is not easy to prepare
-
Automated measurement and analysis of sidewall roughness using three-dimensional atomic force microscopy Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2022-03-08 Yoo, Su-Been, Yun, Seong-Hun, Jo, Ah-Jin, Cho, Sang-Joon, Cho, Haneol, Lee, Jun-Ho, Ahn, Byoung-Woon
As semiconductor device architecture develops, from planar field-effect transistors (FET) to FinFET and gate-all-around (GAA), there is an increased need to measure 3D structure sidewalls precisely. Here, we present a 3-Dimensional Atomic Force Microscope (3D-AFM), a powerful 3D metrology tool to measure the sidewall roughness (SWR) of vertical and undercut structures. First, we measured three different
-
Ultrastructural changes in cristae of lymphoblasts in acute lymphoblastic leukemia parallel alterations in biogenesis markers Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-12-29 Singh, Ritika, Jain, Ayushi, Palanichamy, Jayanth Kumar, Nag, T. C., Bakhshi, Sameer, Singh, Archna
We explored the link between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in lymphoblasts of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and compared these characteristics between tumors and control samples. Gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers was analysed in 23 ALL patients and 18 controls and TEM for morphology analysis
-
TEM sample preparation of microsized LiMn2O4 powder using an ion slicer Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-12-23 Park, Jung Sik, Kang, Yoon-Jung, Choi, Sun Eui, Jo, Yong Nam
The main purpose of this paper is the preparation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples from the microsized powders of lithium-ion secondary batteries. To avoid artefacts during TEM sample preparation, the use of ion slicer milling for thinning and maintaining the intrinsic structure is described. Argon-ion milling techniques have been widely examined to make optimal specimens, thereby
-
Hair microscopy: an easy adjunct to diagnosis of systemic diseases in children Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-11-29 Bhattarai, Dharmagat, Banday, Aaqib Zaffar, Sadanand, Rohit, Arora, Kanika, Kaur, Gurjit, Sharma, Satish, Rawat, Amit
Hair, having distinct stages of growth, is a dynamic component of the integumentary system. Nonetheless, derangement in its structure and growth pattern often provides vital clues for the diagnosis of systemic diseases. Assessment of the hair structure by various microscopy techniques is, hence, a valuable tool for the diagnosis of several systemic and cutaneous disorders. Systemic illnesses like Comel-Netherton
-
Role of Cel5H protein surface amino acids in binding with clay minerals and measurements of its forces Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-11-11 Math, Renukaradhya K., Bharatham, Nagakumar, Javaregowda, Palaksha K., Yun, Han Dae
Our previous study on the binding activity between Cel5H and clay minerals showed highest binding efficiency among other cellulase enzymes cloned. Here, based on previous studies, we hypothesized that the positive amino acids on the surface of Cel5H protein may play an important role in binding to clay surfaces. To examine this, protein sequences of Bacillus licheniformis Cel5H (BlCel5H) and Paenibacillus
-
Some living eukaryotes during and after scanning electron microscopy Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-11-04 Kim, Ki Woo
Electron microscopy (EM) is an essential imaging method in biological sciences. Since biological specimens are exposed to radiation and vacuum conditions during EM observations, they die due to chemical bond breakage and desiccation. However, some organisms belonging to the taxa of bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals (including beetles, ticks, and tardigrades) have been reported to survive hostile
-
Teliospore mucilage of Puccinia miscanthi revealed through the axial imaging of secondary electrons Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-10-22 Kim, Ki Woo
Puccinia miscanthi teliospores were observed on the leaf surface of Miscanthus sinensis using a field emission scanning electron microscope. Details of teliospore mucilage could be visualized through the axial imaging of secondary electrons for a better understanding of pathogen behavior in rust diseases.
-
Melanin-based structural coloration of birds and its biomimetic applications Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Jeon, Deok-Jin, Paik, Suejeong, Ji, Seungmuk, Yeo, Jong-Souk
Melanin has been a widely researched pigment by scientists for decades as it is undoubtedly the most ubiquitous and ancient pigment found in nature. Melanin plays very significant roles in structural plumage colors in birds: it has visible light-absorbing capabilities, and nanoscale structures can be formed by self-assembling melanin granules. Herein, we review recent progress on melanin-based structural
-
Cryo-EM as a powerful tool for drug discovery: recent structural based studies of SARS-CoV-2 Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-09-25 Kim, Han-ul, Jung, Hyun Suk
The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has arisen as a global pandemic affecting the respiratory system showing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, there is no targeted therapeutic agent yet and due to the growing cases of infections and the rising death tolls, discovery of the possible drug is the need of the hour. In general, the study
-
Multispectral intravital microscopy for simultaneous bright-field and fluorescence imaging of the microvasculature Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-07-24 Barry G. H. Janssen, Mohamadreza Najiminaini, Yan Min Zhang, Parsa Omidi, Jeffrey J. L. Carson
Intravital video microscopy permits the observation of microcirculatory blood flow. This often requires fluorescent probes to visualize structures and dynamic processes that cannot be observed with conventional bright-field microscopy. Conventional light microscopes do not allow for simultaneous bright-field and fluorescent imaging. Moreover, in conventional microscopes, only one type of fluorescent
-
Capture silk scaffold production in the cribellar web spider Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-07-13 Yan Sun, Seung-Min Lee, Bon-Jin Ku, Eun-Ah Park, Myung-Jin Moon
Spider capture silk is a natural scaffolding material that outperforms most synthetic materials in terms of its combination of strength and elasticity. Among the various kinds of silk threads, cribellar thread is the most primitive prey-capturing type of spider web material. We analyzed the functional organization of the sieve-like cribellum spigots and specialized calamistral comb bristles for capture
-
Sensitivity of quantitative symmetry measurement algorithms for convergent beam electron diffraction technique Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-07-03 Hyeongsub So, Ro Woon Lee, Sung Taek Hong, Kyou-Hyun Kim
We investigate the sensitivity of symmetry quantification algorithms based on the profile R-factor (Rp) and the normalized cross-correlation (NCC) coefficient (γ). A DM (Digital Micrograph©) script embedded in the Gatan digital microscopy software is used to develop the symmetry quantification program. Using the Bloch method, a variety of CBED patterns are simulated and used to investigate the sensitivity
-
A brief review of non-invasive brain imaging technologies and the near-infrared optical bioimaging Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-06-25 Beomsue Kim, Hongmin Kim, Songhui Kim, Young-ran Hwang
Brain disorders seriously affect life quality. Therefore, non-invasive neuroimaging has received attention to monitoring and early diagnosing neural disorders to prevent their progress to a severe level. This short review briefly describes the current MRI and PET/CT techniques developed for non-invasive neuroimaging and the future direction of optical imaging techniques to achieve higher resolution
-
TEM sample preparation using micro-manipulator for in-situ MEMS experiment Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-06-09 Hyunjong Lee, Odongo Francis Ngome Okello, Gi-Yeop Kim, Kyung Song, Si-Young Choi
Growing demands for comprehending complicated nano-scale phenomena in atomic resolution has attracted in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques for understanding their dynamics. However, simple to safe TEM sample preparation for in-situ observation has been limited. Here, we suggested the optical microscopy based micro-manipulating system for transferring TEM samples. By adopting our
-
Advanced atomic force microscopy-based techniques for nanoscale characterization of switching devices for emerging neuromorphic applications Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-05-26 Young-Min Kim, Jihye Lee, Deok-Jin Jeon, Si-Eun Oh, Jong-Souk Yeo
Neuromorphic systems require integrated structures with high-density memory and selector devices to avoid interference and recognition errors between neighboring memory cells. To improve the performance of a selector device, it is important to understand the characteristics of the switching process. As changes by switching cycle occur at local nanoscale areas, a high-resolution analysis method is needed
-
Fractal dimension analysis as an easy computational approach to improve breast cancer histopathological diagnosis Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-04-30 Lucas Glaucio da Silva, Waleska Rayanne Sizinia da Silva Monteiro, Tiago Medeiros de Aguiar Moreira, Maria Aparecida Esteves Rabelo, Emílio Augusto Campos Pereira de Assis, Gustavo Torres de Souza
Histopathology is a well-established standard diagnosis employed for the majority of malignancies, including breast cancer. Nevertheless, despite training and standardization, it is considered operator-dependent and errors are still a concern. Fractal dimension analysis is a computational image processing technique that allows assessing the degree of complexity in patterns. We aimed here at providing
-
Morphology and histology of the olfactory organ of two African lungfishes, Protopterus amphibius and P. dolloi (Lepidosirenidae, Dipnoi) Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-04-17 Hyun Tae Kim, Jong Young Park
The olfactory organs of two African lungfishes, Protopterus amphibius and P. dolloi, were investigated using a stereo microscope and a compound light microscope and were described anatomically, histologically, and histochemically. Like other lungfishes, these species present the following general features: i) elongated olfactory chamber (OC), ii) anterior nostril at the ventral tip of the upper lip
-
Automated 3D scoring of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a confocal whole slide imaging scanner Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-04-09 Ziv Frankenstein, Naohiro Uraoka, Umut Aypar, Ruth Aryeequaye, Mamta Rao, Meera Hameed, Yanming Zhang, Yukako Yagi
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique to visualize specific DNA/RNA sequences within the cell nuclei and provide the presence, location and structural integrity of genes on chromosomes. A confocal Whole Slide Imaging (WSI) scanner technology has superior depth resolution compared to wide-field fluorescence imaging. Confocal WSI has the ability to perform serial optical sections with
-
Ultrastructure of the fertilized egg envelope from Melanotaenia praecox, Melanotaeniidae, Teleostei Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Joon Hyung Sohn, Dong Heui Kim
We examined the morphology of fertilized egg and ultrastructures of fertilized egg envelopes of dwarf rainbowfish (Melanotaenia praecox) belong to Melanotaeniidae using light and electron microscopes. The fertilized eggs were spherical with adhesive filament, transparent, demersal, and had a narrow perivitelline space and small oil droplets. The size of fertilized egg was 1.02 ± 0.18 mm (n = 30), and
-
Methods of measuring presynaptic function with fluorescence probes Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-03-17 Yeseul Jang, Sung Rae Kim, Sung Hoon Lee
Synaptic vesicles, which are endogenous to neurotransmitters, are involved in exocytosis by active potentials and release neurotransmitters. Synaptic vesicles used in neurotransmitter release are reused via endocytosis to maintain a pool of synaptic vesicles. Synaptic vesicles show different types of exo- and endocytosis depending on animal species, type of nerve cell, and electrical activity. To accurately
-
Atomically sculptured heart in oxide film using convergent electron beam Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Gwangyeob Lee, Seung-Hyub Baek, Hye Jung Chang
We demonstrate a fabrication of an atomically controlled single-crystal heart-shaped nanostructure using a convergent electron beam in a scanning transmission electron microscope. The delicately controlled e-beam enable epitaxial crystallization of perovskite oxide LaAlO 3 grown out of the relative conductive interface (i.e. 2 dimensional electron gas) between amorphous LaAlO 3 /crystalline SrTiO 3
-
Protective effects of Erythronium japonicum and Corylopsis coreana Uyeki extracts against 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Seunghyun Kim, Hee-Ock Boo, Taeho Ahn, Chun-Sik Bae
Erythronium japonicum ( E. japonicum ) and Corylopsis coreana Uyeki ( C. coreana Uyeki, Korean winter hazel) have been shown to significantly decrease 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP)-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and CYP2E1 activity in HuH7, human hepatocytes. In this study, we expanded upon the previous study and investigated the effects of E. japonicum and C. coreana Uyeki extracts
-
Mechanical removal of surface residues on graphene for TEM characterizations Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-11-30 Dong-Gyu Kim, Sol Lee, Kwanpyo Kim
Contamination on two-dimensional (2D) crystal surfaces poses serious limitations on fundamental studies and applications of 2D crystals. Surface residues induce uncontrolled doping and charge carrier scattering in 2D crystals, and trapped residues in mechanically assembled 2D vertical heterostructures often hinder coupling between stacked layers. Developing a process that can reduce the surface residues
-
Sequential conversion from line defects to atomic clusters in monolayer WS2 Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-11-30 Gyeong Hee Ryu, Ren-Jie Chan
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), which is composed of a transition metal atom and chalcogen ion atoms, usually form vacancies based on the knock-on threshold of each atom. In particular, when electron beam is irradiated on a monolayer TMD such as MoS 2 and WS 2 , S vacancies are formed preferentially, and they are aligned linearly to constitute line defects. And then, a hole is formed at the
-
Stem cell behaviors on periodic arrays of nanopillars analyzed by high-resolution scanning electron microscope images Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-11-17 Jihun Kang, Eun-Hye Kang, Young-Shik Yun, Seungmuk Ji, In-Sik Yun, Jong-Souk Yeo
The biocompatible polyurethane acrylate (PUA) nanopillars were fabricated by soft lithography using three different sizes of nanobeads (350, 500, and 1000 nm), and the human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were cultured on the nanopillars. The hASCs and their various behaviors, such as cytoplasmic projections, migration, and morphology, were observed by high resolution images using a scanning electron
-
Scanning acoustic microscopy for material evaluation Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Hyunung Yu
Scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) or Acoustic Micro Imaging (AMI) is a powerful, non-destructive technique that can detect hidden defects in elastic and biological samples as well as non-transparent hard materials. By monitoring the internal features of a sample in three-dimensional integration, this technique can efficiently find physical defects such as cracks, voids, and delamination with high
-
The LaserFIB: new application opportunities combining a high-performance FIB-SEM with femtosecond laser processing in an integrated second chamber Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-10-26 Ben Tordoff, Cheryl Hartfield, Andrew J. Holwell, Stephan Hiller, Marcus Kaestner, Stephen Kelly, Jaehan Lee, Sascha Müller, Fabian Perez-Willard, Tobias Volkenandt, Robin White, Thomas Rodgers
The development of the femtosecond laser (fs laser) with its ability to provide extremely rapid athermal ablation of materials has initiated a renaissance in materials science. Sample milling rates for the fs laser are orders of magnitude greater than that of traditional focused ion beam (FIB) sources currently used. In combination with minimal surface post-processing requirements, this technology
-
Noise2Atom: unsupervised denoising for scanning transmission electron microscopy images Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Feng Wang, Trond R. Henninen, Debora Keller, Rolf Erni
We propose an effective deep learning model to denoise scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) image series, named Noise2Atom, to map images from a source domain S $\mathcal {S}$ to a target domain C $\mathcal {C}$ , where S $\mathcal {S}$ is for our noisy experimental dataset, and C $\mathcal {C}$ is for the desired clear atomic images. Noise2Atom uses two external networks to apply additional
-
Method of Ga removal from a specimen on a microelectromechanical system-based chip for in-situ transmission electron microscopy Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-10-14 Yena Kwon, Byeong-Seon An, Yeon-Ju Shin, Cheol-Woong Yang
In-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) holders that employ a chip-type specimen stage have been widely utilized in recent years. The specimen on the microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based chip is commonly prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) milling and ex-situ lift-out (EXLO). However, the FIB-milled thin-foil specimens are inevitably contaminated with Ga + ions. When these specimens are
-
Sublimable materials facilitate the TEM sample preparation of oil-soluble nanomaterials Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-09-29 Yu-Hao Deng
Sample preparation is significantly important to the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization of nanomaterials. However, many general organic solvents can dissolve the necessary organic polymer support layer in TEM grid, which causes it difficult to obtain high-quality samples of oil-soluble nanomaterials. In this study, a new sample preparation method for oil-soluble
-
Fine structure of the intercalated disc and cardiac junctions in the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-09-25 Yan Sun, Seung-Min Lee, Bon-Jin Ku, Myung-Jin Moon
Arthropods have an open circulatory system with a simple tubular heart, so it has been estimated that the contractile pumping structure of the cardiac muscle will be less efficient than that of vertebrates. Nevertheless, certain arthropods are known to have far superior properties and characteristics than vertebrates, so we investigated the fine structural features of intercalated discs and cardiac
-
Methods to evaluate the twin formation energy: comparative studies of the atomic simulations and in-situ TEM tensile tests Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Hong-Kyu Kim, Sung-Hoon Kim, Jae-Pyoung Ahn
Deformation twinning, one of the major deformation modes in a crystalline material, has typically been analyzed using generalized planar fault energy ( GPFE) curves. Despite the significance of these curves in understanding the twin nucleation and its effect on the mechanical properties of crystals, their experimental validity is lacking. In this comparative study based on the first-principles calculation
-
Microscopic research on the olfactory organ of the Far Eastern brook lamprey Lethenteron reissneri (Pisces, Petromyzontidae) Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-09-15 Hyun-Tae Kim, Jong-Young Park
The olfactory anatomy and histology of Lethenteron reissneri were researched using a stereo microscope, a light microscope, and a scanning electron microscope. As in other lampreys, it shows same characters as follows: i) a single olfactory organ, ii) a single tubular nostril, iii) a single olfactory chamber with gourd-like form, iv) a nasal valve, v) a nasopharyngeal pouch, vi) a sensory epithelium
-
Depth-dependent EBIC microscopy of radial-junction Si micropillar arrays Appl. Microsc. Pub Date : 2020-09-03 Kaden M. Powell, Heayoung P. Yoon
Recent advances in fabrication have enabled radial-junction architectures for cost-effective and high-performance optoelectronic devices. Unlike a planar PN junction, a radial-junction geometry maximizes the optical interaction in the three-dimensional (3D) structures, while effectively extracting the generated carriers via the conformal PN junction. In this paper, we report characterizations of radial