The atomic structure of a series of sodium iron phosphate glasses is studied using different experimental techniques: X‐ray and neutron diffraction (ND), infrared spectroscopy, extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES). Detailed information about the atomic pair correlations is obtained. The high resolution of ND in real space resolves two P–O

Understanding the nanoscale material removal process in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is of fundamental importance for the operation and further development of CMP. In this study, the nanoscale material removal processes of both fused silica glass and BK7 glass were investigated based on single‐pad‐asperity polishing experiments. The results indicate that the material removal characteristics

Chemical glass frosting processes are widely used to create visual attractive glass surfaces. A commonly used frosting bath mainly contains ammonium bifluoride (NH4HF2) mixed with hydrochloric acid (HCl). The frosting process consists of several baths. Firstly, the preliminary bath to clean the object. Secondly, the frosting bath which etches the rough light scattering structure into the glass surface

Fluoride‐containing bioactive glasses and glass‐ceramics in the SiO2‐P2O5‐CaO‐CaF2 system are of great interest for dental restoration applications, where the crystallization of fluorapatite supports bone formation. Fluorine quantification in those glasses is key to estimate the thermal properties and the crystallization tendency. This work presents a very concrete study on fluorine determination by

This is a fractographic case study of a mechanically‐loaded glass plate that formed a remarkable spiral crack when the plate fractured. Common radial and circumferential cracking in disks and plates in general is first reviewed. The exceptional spiral crack is then analyzed. The origin of failure was an unusual flaw on the nominal compression side of the plate. The complex spiral fracture pattern has

Efficient glass production depends on the continuous supply of heat from the glass melt to the floating layer of batch, or cold cap. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are employed to investigate the formation and behavior of gas cavities that form beneath the batch by gases released from the collapsing primary foam bubbles, ascending secondary bubbles, and in the case of forced bubbling, from the

Combining femtosecond laser exposure with chemical etching enables the fabrication of arbitrary 3D shapes in fused silica with micron precision. Here, we investigate the use of this process combined with additional tuning of the material properties for controlling the vibrational behavior of silica microcantilevers through an acoustic black hole (ABH) effect. This effect, caused by a tapered profile

Stress‐induced crystal axis spiral rotation in multiferroic β'‐Gd2(MoO4)3 crystals observed only in the crystallization of Gd2O3‐MoO3‐B2O3 glasses is a new world of glass‐crystallization being beyond the usual crystal growth engineering. The self‐powdering phenomenon in crystals synthesized in an electric furnace and the appearance of periodic birefringence images observed in laser‐patterned single

This study evaluates the mechanical, physical, and biological properties of resin‐based dental cement (RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE) incorporated with hydroxyapatite and 45S5 bioactive glass.

Carbon‐doped fused silica glass is fabricated by consolidating zinc stearate‐doped porous silica soot blank. The carbon doping concentration is tunable and a maximum of ~0.3 wt% carbon can be incorporated into densified silica. Carbon dopants assemble into nanorod structures which are uniformly distributed inside glass. Transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy and Raman studies

It was truly sad that Professor Sergei Vladimirovich Nemilov passed away on October 8, 2020 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. He was born in Moscow in the family of a chemist, professor at Moscow State University Vladimir A. Nemilov, but most of his life was associated with Leningrad (now Saint‐ Petersburg), where he began his scientific career as a student of Department of Chemistry at Saint‐Petersburg

The current study shows a new attempt to develop gamma‐ray shielding glasses. The proposed glass is a borate‐base composition modified with sodium and cadmium oxides and different concentrations of bismuth oxide. Based on the melt‐quenching technique, we prepared four glass compositions of 20NaO‐15CdO‐ (65−x)B2O3‐xBi2O3, where x = 0, 10, 20, and 30 mol%. The amorphous nature of the prepared samples

A method is proposed for determination of the thermal diffusion coefficients of mobile ions through the study of ionic thermoelectric power. Ionic Seebeck coefficients and the heats of ion transport have been measured in [Li(Na,K)]2O‐Nb2O5‐P2O5 glasses. The mixed alkali effect influence on the thermoelectric power has been reported for the first time in glasses. Soret coefficients have been calculated

Glass optical fibers have reached a scale and commercial maturity that few, if any, other material and form can claim. Furthermore, optical fibers not only enable a remarkably broad range of applications but are, themselves, unique tools for fundamental studies into light‐matter interactions. That said, despite such ubiquity and global impact, increasing demands from existing systems, coupled with

Crystal glass alteration in an aqueous medium has been extensively studied following the implementation of strict regulations regarding lead leaching. However, despite the widespread use of lead glasses and crystal glass by artists and artisans ever since antiquity, few works focus on crystal glass corrosion in atmospheric conditions. In this preliminary study, the altered layers formed on crystal

Femtosecond pulse laser radiation (250 fs, 1030 nm) of alkali and alkaline earth modified soda‐lime silicate (SLS) glasses resulted in densification. The degree of density changes depends on pulse energy and glass‐network connectivity. Raman spectroscopy study of the high‐frequency region (800‐1200 cm−1) confirmed that surface densification was the result of interatomic changes in the distribution

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) convert chemical energy from hydrogen, methane, or other hydrocarbons directly into electrical energy and heat. Advantages are low noise during operation as well as relatively low pollutant emissions. This makes them interesting for stationary applications, eg combined heat and power plants for domestic use and for mobile applications, when there is a demand for integrating

Raman scattering is a powerful probe of local structure (LS) of glasses. In Sodium Phosphate Glasses (SPGs), we show that both LS composed of Qn species and Extended Range Structures (ERS) composed of Long Chains (LCs), Large Rings (LRs), and Small Rings (SRs) can be decoded by Raman scattering. The trimodal distribution of P‐Oterminal stretch modes of Q2 species and P‐Obridging at x < 50% are manifestations

Water affects the glass melting process by interacting with the foam layer at the glass melt surface and by influencing the batch conversion reactions. Nuclear waste aqueous slurry feed maintains a high water vapor pressure in the melter atmosphere. To investigate to what extent water vapor affects the foaming during vitrification of nuclear waste in joule‐heated cold‐top melters, a series of feed

This paper is the result of two round robin activities run by the Technical Committee TC12, Pharma Packaging, of the International Commission on Glass (ICG). It deals with the phenomenon of delamination, that is, the formation of lamellae or flakes in drug products due to specific and localized corrosion of glass vials, and it follows a first paper PDA J Pharm Sci Technol. 2018, 72, 553–565where a

Surface structures of CAS models with various Al2O3/CaO ratios, (80:10:10), (70:15:15), (60:20:20), and (50:25:25), have been simulated using classical MD methods. Atomistic surface structures, CN and Qn distributions, radial distribution functions, z‐axis concentration profiles, and ring‐size distributions were employed to study the surface structures. While bridging oxygen (BO) and triclustered oxygen

This study aims to contribute to the rediscovery of old technologies in the art of stained‐glass painting with grisaille, a dark color paint, used to create contours and shadows, produced by mixing ground lead‐based glass with coloring agents such as iron and copper. The reproduction of selected recipes belonging to five different treatises, dated from the 10th to the 19th century was designed to study

The effects of γ‐radiation on properties of three types of commercial alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses (NJE, NJ1, NJ2) were investigated at 5M Gy dosage, using samples of bulk glass, glass fiber, and fiber reinforced laminate epoxy composite. The radiation‐induced defect generation and structural modifications in the bulk glasses were characterized by UV‐VIS‐NIR, FTIR absorption spectroscopy

Most studies of the mixed‐alkali effect (MAE) have focused on relating the differences between the cations to the strength of the MAE; here we examine the effect of the glass former by comparing the MAE in aluminofluorophosphate (FP) and aluminosulfofluorophosphate (FPS) glasses. The sulfate anion in the FPS series does not bond directly to the aluminophosphate network, decreasing connectivity and

Alumino‐borosilicate glass‐ceramics (GCs) containing alkali (Na), alkaline earth (Ca), rare earth (RE) (one of La … Lu, Y), and transition metals (Zr and Mo) were formulated to test the effects of composition and RE cation size on the crystallization of simulated nuclear waste GCs. Eight‐oxide glasses were formulated in the peraluminous ([Na2Oexcess]=[Na2O]‐[Al2O3]‐[ZrO2]<0) region with 10 mol.% RE2O3

The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the International Scientific Community in the field of the glassy state recently lost one of its most prominent and respected members, Academician Ivan S. Gutzow (31. 05. 1933 ‐ 23. 03. 2020) [1]. Having had the privilege and pleasure to closely cooperate with my mentor, colleague, and very good friend for more then three decades, I highly appreciate to have the

While the world is progressing towards gender equality and women’s empowerment under the Millennium Development Goals, discrimination continues to exist in the scientific world. This discrimination takes many faces, but continues—in many arenas—to propagate the historic mistreatment of women. Rosalind Franklin obtained the first X‐ray image of DNA but Watson, Crick and Wilkins received the Nobel Prize

Glass samples of two different chemical compositions were strengthened by ion exchange. Residual stress profiles were experimentally determined by differential surface refractometry. The experimental results were compared with values theoretically predicted by a formalized viscoelastic mathematical model incorporating both stress buildup and stress relaxation contributions. The comparison exhibited

The present work aims to study the glasses commonly named crystal glass produced in Portuguese factories from the 18th to the 20th centuries through their arcana or batch books. Recipes for colorless crystal glasses were selected, analyzed, and reproduced in the laboratory. Five recipes were chosen from the Marinha Grande arcanum, five recipes from the Gaivotas’ Factory arcanum, and three recipes from

Dense and well‐adherent enamel–nano‐Ni composite/enamel–nano‐nickel composite coatings were prepared on 304 steel. Their thermal shock (TS) resistance at 400°C as well as the chemical stability in sulfuric acid solution were investigated, and compared with pure enamel coatings. Results indicated that the nanocomposite coatings with 5 wt% of Ni particles exhibited the best resistance to TS. Almost no

Bioactive fibers have become increasingly prevalent for applications in optical sensing and as reinforcement in fully biodegradable devices. However, the typical bioactive glass fibers drawn from silicate glasses have poor mechanical properties. Here, we present our latest study on the development of new bioactive single‐core (SC) borophosphate fiber with the composition (in mol%) 47.5P2O5‐20CaO‐20SrO‐10Na2O‐2

The effects of CuO content in Bi‐B‐Si‐Zn glass on the interfacial reaction between the glasses and FeSiCr alloy powder and NiCuZn ferrites, microstructure, and adhesion strength were investigated. For the FeSiCr alloy and glass interface, the iron in FeSiCr alloy dissolves into the glass and is oxidized into Fe3+ during heating. The copper ions in the glass are reduced to elemental copper near the

This work focuses on the effect of surface cleaning treatments of soda‐lime‐silicate float glasses before chemical strengthening where a compressive stress layer is introduced via ion exchange. As‐received and cleaned glass surfaces were subjected to two different treatments using demineralized water and acidic solutions were subjected to ion exchange in a molten KNO3 bath for 8 hours at 450°C. Precleaning

The measurement of the thermoelastic properties of enamel thick films deposited onto soda‐lime silicate glass is challenging. The film properties can be modified by the interdiffusion between the glass substrate and the enamel and by the crystallization that occur during the sintering. The average biaxial modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion of several enamel thick films deposited onto 700 µm

While silicon photonic integrated circuits for the near‐infrared (IR) telecommunication band have attracted great research interest in the past decade, recent advances offer opportunities to extend the operational wavelength to the mid‐IR (2.5‐20 μm) for free space communications, sensing, environmental monitoring and much more. In this study, we will comprehensively review the current status of materials

Laser melting techniques have been used in the preparation of unconventional glass compositions with high melting temperatures. Thus, we wanted to test the feasibility of using a CO2 laser in the preparation of nitrogen‐rich oxynitride glasses and nitride silicate glasses. Melting from oxides and metallic raw materials, we wanted to study first glass formation and possible evaporation losses of the

A database of over 1100 silicate glass compositions and densities was compiled and used to evaluate the efficacy of an algorithm for estimating the density of silicate glass compositions. We sought to develop a parsimonious algorithm based on the additivity of partial molar volumes of individual oxide components weighted by their mole fraction in a glass composition. Bound molar volumes were used for

The vast majority of High‐Level Waste (HLW) originating from defense nuclear programs is sequestered and immobilized in borosilicate glass. Borosilicate glass is universally accepted for immobilizing HLW, but its efficiency has limitations based on the compositional makeup of the waste stream. The chemical durability of the glass is the most important factor in determining the longevity and usefulness

Glass‐forming ability (GFA) is a property of utmost importance in glass science and technology. In this paper, we used a statistical methodology—involving bootstrap sampling and the Wilcoxon test—to find out which glass stability (GS) parameters best predict the GFA. The GS parameters are based on the characteristic temperatures: glass transition temperature (Tg), onset of crystallization (Tx), crystallization

This article reviews recent works concerning the damage area size ahead of a crack front in oxide glasses. Literature exemplifies the importance of understanding the crack propagation dynamics in oxide glasses with a number of papers concerning dynamic and stress corrosion cracking in complex (and simplified) oxide glasses. In general, the linear elastic fracture mechanic equation breaks down near

Two innovative experimental techniques for measuring the high temperature near infrared optical spectra of glass melts are compared. The critical experimental features of both techniques, one based on transmission and the other based on emittance measurements, are reviewed. Typical results of both techniques, including high temperature spectra and values for the Rosseland mean absorption coefficient

The colors of medieval stained glasses depend on their chemical composition. The redox interactions in glass between iron and copper and their influence on the color were investigated in two soda‐lime silicate model glasses. Both glasses have close iron and copper redox ratios and copper oxidizes iron when the iron content is smaller than the copper content. The redox speciation of iron and copper

The use of oxide glasses is pervasive throughout everyday amenities and commodities. Such glasses are typically electrical insulators, and endowing them with electrical conductivity—without changing their salutary mechanical properties, weight, or thermoformability—enables new applications in multifunctional utensils, smart windows, and automotive parts. Previous strategies to impart electrical conductivity

While it is broadly known that solid compounds may exist in distinct crystalline arrangements (polymorphs), the notion that some liquids may also adopt distinct phases with dissimilar structures and densities is much less widespread. One of the reasons is that these liquid‐liquid (L‐L) transitions often occur in the supercooled equilibrium regime below the melting line and can be challenging to observe

Integrated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are being developed to model the complex physics occurring within the high‐level waste melter for vitrification of legacy tank waste at the Hanford site. This study presents a validation of the integrated CFD model by using data from two experimental runs in a pilot‐scale melter. While the model uses several simplifying assumptions (such as constant

Prediction of glass properties as a function of composition has been a long‐standing problem. Topological constraint theory has built the quantitative relationships between composition and macroscopic properties, which can be used to predict compositional dependence of glass properties. In this review, we will summarize the recent important progress for the development of the theory. The topological

This paper embraces two different approaches for the joining of materials through glass sealants. First, the conventional method of furnace sealing in which paste technology is normally employed. The glass sealant is applied in powder form mixed with agglomerant and with the help of dispenser robots, tape casting, or screen printing. Glass‐ceramics for sealing of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are described

A revision and update about the research activity done in the past 25 years at Politecnico di Torino (Italy) on design and testing of glasses and glass‐ceramics for the joining of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) will be presented and discussed. The “glass‐ceramic method” to obtain a thermo‐mechanically stable joint starting from a glass will be detailed with some examples. Several new glass compositions

The present communication reports the synthesis of silver‐containing bioactive glass by sol‐gel route, followed by fabrication of the antibacterial bioactive glass nanofibers (ABGnf, dia 200‐900 nm) using electrospinning technique. The ABGnf of composition 1‐2 mol% of B2O3, 68‐69 mol% of SiO2, ~1 × 10−3 mol% of Ag2O, and 29‐30 mol% of CaO was evaluated both for wound‐healing potential and for antibacterial

The photothermal effect and photodynamic effect are the main factors causing the damage of materials when laser irradiates on it. Therefore, the damage effect of laser irradiation on optical lens evaluated by thermal and mechanical effects will contribute to the development of laser processing and laser damage. In order to study the damage effect of femtosecond laser irradiating on typical K9 optical

Glasses are promising anode materials for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their unique open network structures and the absence of grain boundaries. Upon discharging/charging, both the capacity and cycle life of the glass anodes can be affected through their structural evolutions. This review article highlights the recent research advances in improving and understanding the electrochemical performances

Molten blast furnace slag (BF slag) was modified using liquid‐liquid mixing method for glass ceramics preparation, and the structure and viscosity of glass melt after modification were investigated. The BF slag proportion increased from 52.72 wt. % to 67.05 wt. %, and CaO/(SiO2 + Al2O3) also varied from 0.33 to 0.47. The structure of BF slag melt after modification was investigated using 29Si and 27Al