Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) convert chemical energy from hydrogen, methane, or other hydrocarbons directly into electrical energy and heat. Advantages are low noise during operation as well as relatively low pollutant emissions. This makes them interesting for stationary applications, eg combined heat and power plants for domestic use and for mobile applications, when there is a demand for integrating

Raman scattering is a powerful probe of local structure (LS) of glasses. In Sodium Phosphate Glasses (SPGs), we show that both LS composed of Qn species and Extended Range Structures (ERS) composed of Long Chains (LCs), Large Rings (LRs), and Small Rings (SRs) can be decoded by Raman scattering. The trimodal distribution of P‐Oterminal stretch modes of Q2 species and P‐Obridging at x  < 50% are manifestations

Femtosecond pulse laser radiation (250 fs, 1030 nm) of alkali and alkaline earth modified soda‐lime silicate (SLS) glasses resulted in densification. The degree of density changes depends on pulse energy and glass‐network connectivity. Raman spectroscopy study of the high‐frequency region (800‐1200 cm−1) confirmed that surface densification was the result of interatomic changes in the distribution

Water affects the glass melting process by interacting with the foam layer at the glass melt surface and by influencing the batch conversion reactions. Nuclear waste aqueous slurry feed maintains a high water vapor pressure in the melter atmosphere. To investigate to what extent water vapor affects the foaming during vitrification of nuclear waste in joule‐heated cold‐top melters, a series of feed

This paper is the result of two round robin activities run by the Technical Committee TC12, Pharma Packaging, of the International Commission on Glass (ICG). It deals with the phenomenon of delamination, that is, the formation of lamellae or flakes in drug products due to specific and localized corrosion of glass vials, and it follows a first paper PDA J Pharm Sci Technol . 2018 , 72 , 553–565where

This study aims to contribute to the rediscovery of old technologies in the art of stained‐glass painting with grisaille, a dark color paint, used to create contours and shadows, produced by mixing ground lead‐based glass with coloring agents such as iron and copper. The reproduction of selected recipes belonging to five different treatises, dated from the 10th to the 19th century was designed to study

Surface structures of CAS models with various Al2O3/CaO ratios, (80:10:10), (70:15:15), (60:20:20), and (50:25:25), have been simulated using classical MD methods. Atomistic surface structures, CN and Qn distributions, radial distribution functions, z‐axis concentration profiles, and ring‐size distributions were employed to study the surface structures. While bridging oxygen (BO) and triclustered oxygen

Bioactive fibers have become increasingly prevalent for applications in optical sensing and as reinforcement in fully biodegradable devices. However, the typical bioactive glass fibers drawn from silicate glasses have poor mechanical properties. Here, we present our latest study on the development of new bioactive single‐core (SC) borophosphate fiber with the composition (in mol%) 47.5P2O5‐20CaO‐20SrO‐10Na2O‐2

Alumino‐borosilicate glass‐ceramics (GCs) containing alkali (Na), alkaline earth (Ca), rare earth (RE) (one of La … Lu, Y), and transition metals (Zr and Mo) were formulated to test the effects of composition and RE cation size on the crystallization of simulated nuclear waste GCs. Eight‐oxide glasses were formulated in the peraluminous ([Na2Oexcess]=[Na2O]‐[Al2O3]‐[ZrO2]<0) region with 10 mol.% RE2O3

The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and the International Scientific Community in the field of the glassy state recently lost one of its most prominent and respected members, Academician Ivan S. Gutzow (31. 05. 1933 ‐ 23. 03. 2020) [1]. Having had the privilege and pleasure to closely cooperate with my mentor, colleague, and very good friend for more then three decades, I highly appreciate to have the

While the world is progressing towards gender equality and women’s empowerment under the Millennium Development Goals, discrimination continues to exist in the scientific world. This discrimination takes many faces, but continues—in many arenas—to propagate the historic mistreatment of women. Rosalind Franklin obtained the first X‐ray image of DNA but Watson, Crick and Wilkins received the Nobel Prize

Glass samples of two different chemical compositions were strengthened by ion exchange. Residual stress profiles were experimentally determined by differential surface refractometry. The experimental results were compared with values theoretically predicted by a formalized viscoelastic mathematical model incorporating both stress buildup and stress relaxation contributions. The comparison exhibited

Dense and well‐adherent enamel–nano‐Ni composite/enamel–nano‐nickel composite coatings were prepared on 304 steel. Their thermal shock (TS) resistance at 400°C as well as the chemical stability in sulfuric acid solution were investigated, and compared with pure enamel coatings. Results indicated that the nanocomposite coatings with 5 wt% of Ni particles exhibited the best resistance to TS. Almost no

The effects of CuO content in Bi‐B‐Si‐Zn glass on the interfacial reaction between the glasses and FeSiCr alloy powder and NiCuZn ferrites, microstructure, and adhesion strength were investigated. For the FeSiCr alloy and glass interface, the iron in FeSiCr alloy dissolves into the glass and is oxidized into Fe3+ during heating. The copper ions in the glass are reduced to elemental copper near the

The effects of γ‐radiation on properties of three types of commercial alkaline earth aluminosilicate glasses (NJE, NJ1, NJ2) were investigated at 5M Gy dosage, using samples of bulk glass, glass fiber, and fiber reinforced laminate epoxy composite. The radiation‐induced defect generation and structural modifications in the bulk glasses were characterized by UV‐VIS‐NIR, FTIR absorption spectroscopy

This work focuses on the effect of surface cleaning treatments of soda‐lime‐silicate float glasses before chemical strengthening where a compressive stress layer is introduced via ion exchange. As‐received and cleaned glass surfaces were subjected to two different treatments using demineralized water and acidic solutions were subjected to ion exchange in a molten KNO3 bath for 8 hours at 450°C. Precleaning

The present work aims to study the glasses commonly named crystal glass produced in Portuguese factories from the 18th to the 20th centuries through their arcana or batch books. Recipes for colorless crystal glasses were selected, analyzed, and reproduced in the laboratory. Five recipes were chosen from the Marinha Grande arcanum , five recipes from the Gaivotas’ Factory arcanum, and three recipes

Most studies of the mixed‐alkali effect (MAE) have focused on relating the differences between the cations to the strength of the MAE; here we examine the effect of the glass former by comparing the MAE in aluminofluorophosphate (FP) and aluminosulfofluorophosphate (FPS) glasses. The sulfate anion in the FPS series does not bond directly to the aluminophosphate network, decreasing connectivity and

Laser melting techniques have been used in the preparation of unconventional glass compositions with high melting temperatures. Thus, we wanted to test the feasibility of using a CO2 laser in the preparation of nitrogen‐rich oxynitride glasses and nitride silicate glasses. Melting from oxides and metallic raw materials, we wanted to study first glass formation and possible evaporation losses of the

A database of over 1100 silicate glass compositions and densities was compiled and used to evaluate the efficacy of an algorithm for estimating the density of silicate glass compositions. We sought to develop a parsimonious algorithm based on the additivity of partial molar volumes of individual oxide components weighted by their mole fraction in a glass composition. Bound molar volumes were used for

The measurement of the thermoelastic properties of enamel thick films deposited onto soda‐lime silicate glass is challenging. The film properties can be modified by the interdiffusion between the glass substrate and the enamel and by the crystallization that occur during the sintering. The average biaxial modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion of several enamel thick films deposited onto 700 µm

The vast majority of High‐Level Waste (HLW) originating from defense nuclear programs is sequestered and immobilized in borosilicate glass. Borosilicate glass is universally accepted for immobilizing HLW, but its efficiency has limitations based on the compositional makeup of the waste stream. The chemical durability of the glass is the most important factor in determining the longevity and usefulness

Glass‐forming ability (GFA) is a property of utmost importance in glass science and technology. In this paper, we used a statistical methodology—involving bootstrap sampling and the Wilcoxon test—to find out which glass stability (GS) parameters best predict the GFA. The GS parameters are based on the characteristic temperatures: glass transition temperature (Tg), onset of crystallization (Tx), crystallization

While silicon photonic integrated circuits for the near‐infrared (IR) telecommunication band have attracted great research interest in the past decade, recent advances offer opportunities to extend the operational wavelength to the mid‐IR (2.5‐20 μm) for free space communications, sensing, environmental monitoring and much more. In this study, we will comprehensively review the current status of materials

The colors of medieval stained glasses depend on their chemical composition. The redox interactions in glass between iron and copper and their influence on the color were investigated in two soda‐lime silicate model glasses. Both glasses have close iron and copper redox ratios and copper oxidizes iron when the iron content is smaller than the copper content. The redox speciation of iron and copper

While it is broadly known that solid compounds may exist in distinct crystalline arrangements (polymorphs), the notion that some liquids may also adopt distinct phases with dissimilar structures and densities is much less widespread. One of the reasons is that these liquid‐liquid (L‐L) transitions often occur in the supercooled equilibrium regime below the melting line and can be challenging to observe

Integrated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are being developed to model the complex physics occurring within the high‐level waste melter for vitrification of legacy tank waste at the Hanford site. This study presents a validation of the integrated CFD model by using data from two experimental runs in a pilot‐scale melter. While the model uses several simplifying assumptions (such as constant

This article reviews recent works concerning the damage area size ahead of a crack front in oxide glasses. Literature exemplifies the importance of understanding the crack propagation dynamics in oxide glasses with a number of papers concerning dynamic and stress corrosion cracking in complex (and simplified) oxide glasses. In general, the linear elastic fracture mechanic equation breaks down near

Two innovative experimental techniques for measuring the high temperature near infrared optical spectra of glass melts are compared. The critical experimental features of both techniques, one based on transmission and the other based on emittance measurements, are reviewed. Typical results of both techniques, including high temperature spectra and values for the Rosseland mean absorption coefficient

The present communication reports the synthesis of silver‐containing bioactive glass by sol‐gel route, followed by fabrication of the antibacterial bioactive glass nanofibers (ABGnf, dia 200‐900 nm) using electrospinning technique. The ABGnf of composition 1‐2 mol% of B2O3, 68‐69 mol% of SiO2, ~1 × 10−3 mol% of Ag2O, and 29‐30 mol% of CaO was evaluated both for wound‐healing potential and for antibacterial

The photothermal effect and photodynamic effect are the main factors causing the damage of materials when laser irradiates on it. Therefore, the damage effect of laser irradiation on optical lens evaluated by thermal and mechanical effects will contribute to the development of laser processing and laser damage. In order to study the damage effect of femtosecond laser irradiating on typical K9 optical

Molten blast furnace slag (BF slag) was modified using liquid‐liquid mixing method for glass ceramics preparation, and the structure and viscosity of glass melt after modification were investigated. The BF slag proportion increased from 52.72 wt. % to 67.05 wt. %, and CaO/(SiO2 + Al2O3) also varied from 0.33 to 0.47. The structure of BF slag melt after modification was investigated using 29Si and 27Al

This paper embraces two different approaches for the joining of materials through glass sealants. First, the conventional method of furnace sealing in which paste technology is normally employed. The glass sealant is applied in powder form mixed with agglomerant and with the help of dispenser robots, tape casting, or screen printing. Glass‐ceramics for sealing of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are described

Prediction of glass properties as a function of composition has been a long‐standing problem. Topological constraint theory has built the quantitative relationships between composition and macroscopic properties, which can be used to predict compositional dependence of glass properties. In this review, we will summarize the recent important progress for the development of the theory. The topological

Glasses are promising anode materials for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their unique open network structures and the absence of grain boundaries. Upon discharging/charging, both the capacity and cycle life of the glass anodes can be affected through their structural evolutions. This review article highlights the recent research advances in improving and understanding the electrochemical performances

A revision and update about the research activity done in the past 25 years at Politecnico di Torino (Italy) on design and testing of glasses and glass‐ceramics for the joining of Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) will be presented and discussed. The “glass‐ceramic method” to obtain a thermo‐mechanically stable joint starting from a glass will be detailed with some examples. Several new glass compositions

Ca‐α‐SiAlON:Eu2+ oxynitride phosphors are typical luminescent materials with high thermal tolerances. A series of zinc borophosphate glass samples (ZnO–B2O3–P2O5) were prepared to investigate their ability to disperse Ca‐α‐SiAlON:Eu2+ phosphor powders and to obtain phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG). PiG was prepared with SiAlON and zinc borophosphate glass through a melting process, and seven types of PiGs were

Femtosecond laser induced changes and writing in optical materials have proven to be an excellent route to the production of high‐quality micro‐ and nanofabrication of functional devices. In this paper we present the latest advancements in femtosecond laser processing of optical materials for device applications. We look at femtosecond direct laser writing for photonic device fabrication in fused silica

Tellurite glasses showing unique properties such as low phonon energy and high linear and nonlinear optical properties have been considered as promising materials for photonic device applications. The present article reviews the current status of the electronic polarizability in binary and ternary tellurite glasses and approaches their unique properties. Tellurite glasses consisting of basic modifier

For energy saving and CO2 emissions reduction, in addition to extending the range of suitable raw material sources for glass manufacture, compositional reformulation, and alternative raw materials have been studied in the context of industrial container and float‐type soda‐lime‐silica (SLS) glasses. Lithium, potassium, and boron were applied to modify benchmark glass compositions. Reformulation impacts

Strengthening is a huge challenge of ultrathin cover glass in mobile electronic devices. In this paper, a transparent sol‐gel silica coating has been sprayed on the surface of chemically strengthened cover glass, and three different coatings (identified as thickness/curing temperature: 3 μm/80°C, 5 μm/80°C, and 3 μm/180°C) have been prepared. Characterized by four‐point bending experiment, the strengthening

With an overall collection and recycling rate of 74%, the material cycle for glass packaging is well established in the European Union. However, knowledge of the composition of the recycled glass cullet is necessary to avoid creeping accumulation of undesirable contaminants into the material cycle. Due to their toxic properties, this applies in particular for heavy metals, for example, lead. The state‐of‐the‐art

The steps toward the fabrication of directly extruded microstructured fiber preforms made of a bioresorbable phosphate glass are herein presented, analyzing the features of the process from the glass synthesis to the manufacturing of the fiber. The realization of these fibers leverages on three main pillars: an optically transparent bioresorbable glass, its extrusion into a preform, and the fiber drawing

The present work is part of a study of windshield glass erosion subjected to the Saharan sand particles projection. The objective is to highlight the effect of the sand grains size Ps on the degradation process of the ordinary glasses surface (damage rate Dr) and to search the visibility limit of vehicles' drivers. Various erosion tests are carried out and have led to different surface states by varying

Composition‐structure‐property (C‐S‐P) approach, named as “glass structural gene modeling (GSgM), for glass database development and new glass design are detailed in this article. C‐S‐P modeling principle and modeling procedure are selectively demonstrated using two sets of phosphate glass systems with various modifications by SiO2, B2O3, and La2O3. Finally, new glass design and a selective validation

The use of oxide glasses is pervasive throughout everyday amenities and commodities. Such glasses are typically electrical insulators, and endowing them with electrical conductivity—without changing their salutary mechanical properties, weight, or thermoformability—enables new applications in multifunctional utensils, smart windows, and automotive parts. Previous strategies to impart electrical conductivity

In this study, six sol‐gel copper/magnesium substituted derivatives of 58S‐BG, that is, a mol% series of 60SiO2–4P2O5–5CuO–(31–x) CaO/xMgO (where x = 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10), were synthesized as new multifunctional bioactive glasses (BGs). Afterwards, the effect of MgO/CaO substitution on the in vitro formation of nanohydroxyapatite (HA), osteoblast‐like cell responses, and bioactive glasses antibacterial

Lead silicate glasses reduced by hydrogen have the characteristics of conductivity like semiconductors and surface secondary electron emission. Therefore, lead silicate glass is the important material of microchannel plate (MCP) for electron multiplier element. The change of bulk resistance (BR) of lead silicate glass (LSG) with hydrogen reducing time and temperature, and hydrogen flow was investigated

Continuous‐wave laser (λ = 532 nm) was irradiated on Ag+‐exchanged glass surfaces to precipitate PbS quantum dots (QDs) of various diameters. TEM images combined with element mapping results confirmed the formation and size distribution of PbS QDs. Photoluminescence spectra red‐shifted from 1336 nm to 1635 nm with increases in power density and duration of laser irradiation. Three representative irradiation

This paper investigates the crystallization behavior of a Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST) chalcogenide phase change material film using Raman spectroscopy. The properties of as‐deposited, thermally treated, and laser‐written GSST films are investigated. A single mask exposure laser excitation process was developed using a spatial light modulator with an 800 nm femto‐second laser to generate a direct laser‐written

Models for long-term glass alteration are required to satisfy performance predictions of vitrified nuclear waste in various disposal scenarios. Durability parameters are usually extracted from short-term laboratory tests, and sometimes checked with long-term natural experiments on glasses, termed analogues. In this paper, a unique potential ancient glass analogue from Sweden is discussed. The hillfort

This study aims to demonstrate that excellent bioactivity of glass can be achieved without the presence of an alkali metal component in glass composition. In vitro bioactivity of two sodium-free glasses based on the quaternary system SiO2-P2O5-CaO-CaF2 with 0 and 4.5 mol% CaF2 content was investigated and compared with the sodium containing glasses with equivalent amount of CaF2. The formation of apatite

Glass and its properties are subject to a variety of changes under the influence of high energy radiation. Therefore, radiation‐induced defects in glasses requires high attention due to the wide application of glasses in optics on board space craft, in image guides for reactor inspection, in optical fiber waveguide and in mobilization of high level radioactive waste, for example . In this paper, we

As water diffuses into silica glass, it reacts with the silica network to generate hydroxyl groups that cause a volume swelling of the glass. We discuss this effect quantitatively for cases in which hydroxyl groups were produced either by gamma‐irradiation of hydrogen‐saturated silica glass or by high‐temperature diffusion of water into silica glass. From volume swelling measurements, the partial molar