Abstract Although coercivity is one of the fundamental properties of permanent magnets, it has not been well understood. In this paper, micromagnetics and thermal activation magnetization reversal theories are briefly reviewed, and then our recent macroscopic and microscopic experimental approaches for thermally activated magnetization reversal in advanced Nd-Fe-B hot-deformed magnets are explained

Abstract Many researchers working on the development of Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) continue to focus on the synthesis of photoanode materials with high surface area, along with high light scattering ability to enhance light harvesting efficiency (LHE). On the other hand, dye packing density, which can also affect the LHE significantly, is often overlooked. Solvothermally-synthesized anatase

ABSTRACT Bixbyite α -Mn2O3 is an inexpensive Earth-abundant mineral that can be used to drive both oxygen evolution (OER) and oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in alkaline conditions. It possesses a subtle orthorhombic → cubic phase change near room temperature that suppresses Jahn-Teller distortions and presents a unique opportunity to study how atomic structure affects the electronic structure and

ABSTRACT With the rapid development of conductive polymers, they have shown great potential in room-temperature chemical gas detection, as their electrical conductivity can be changed upon exposure to oxidative or reductive gas molecules at room temperature. However, due to their relatively low conductivity and high affinity toward volatile organic compounds and water molecules, they always exhibit

Abstract In the present paper we discuss correlations between crystal structure and magnetic properties of epitaxial ε-Fe2O3 films grown on GaN. The large magnetocrystalline anisotropy and room temperature multiferroic properties of this exotic iron oxide polymorph, make it a perspective material for the development of low power consumption magnetic media storage devices. Extending our recent progress

ABSTRACT The plastic deformation behavior of single crystals of α-Nb5Si3 with the tetragonal D8 l structure has been investigated by micropillar compression at room temperature as a function of crystal orientation and specimen size. Three slip systems, (001)<010>, {110}<1 1 ˉ 0> and {0 1 ˉ 1}<111>, are found to be operative in micropillar specimens of α-Nb5Si3 single crystals at room temperature, as

Abstract Hot-deformed anisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets may potentially attain high coercivity due to their fine and highly orientated crystal grain microstructure as a result of the unique production process that creates these magnets. However, despite their fine grain size of 100–500 nm, coercivity was only around 25% of the full potential of the anisotropy field. This grain size was close to the critical

ABSTRACT Nowadays, much of user interface is based on touch and the touch sensors have been common for displays, Internet of things (IoT) projects, or robotics. They can be found in lamps, touch screens of smartphones, or other wide arrays of applications as well. However, the conventional touch sensors, fabricated from rigid materials, are bulky, inflexible, hard, and hard-to-wear devices. The current

The pollution of environmental systems with heavy metals is becoming a serious problem worldwide. These contaminants are one of the main issues in sludge (which is considered waste) and can even have harmful effects if the sludge is not treated properly. Thus, the development of a novel functional magnetic nanoadsorbent based on a derived lysine is reported here, which can be efficiently applied for

ABSTRACT Multielement rare earth (R)–transition metal (T) intermetallics are arguably the next generation of high-performance permanent magnetic materials for future applications in energy-saving and renewable energy technologies. Pseudobinary Sm2Fe17N3 and (R,Zr)(Fe,Co,Ti)12 (R=Nd, Sm) compounds have the highest potential to meet current demands for rare-earth-element-lean permanent magnets (PMs)

ABSTRACT The amount of biomass wastes is rapidly increasing, which leads to numerous disposal problems and governance issues. Thus, the recycling and reuse of biomass wastes into value-added applications have attracted more and more attention. This paper reviews the research on biomass waste utilization and biomass wastes derived functional materials in last five years. The recent research interests

ABSTRACT Based on its excellent damping properties, traditional rubberhas been widely used in various industries, includingaerospace, rail transit and automotive.However, the disadvantages of effective damping area, unstable damping performance, easy fatigue and aging, greatly limited the further application of rubber materials. Thus, it is important to develop novel modifiedrubber damping materials

Abstract To control the coercivity of Nd hard magnets efficiently, the thermal stability of constituent phases and the microstructure changes observed in hard magnets during thermal processes should be understood. Recently, the CALPHAD method and phase-field method have been recognized as promising approaches to realize phase stability and microstructure developments in engineering materials. Thus

Recently, a massive magnetocaloric effect near the liquefaction temperature of hydrogen has been reported in the ferromagnetic material HoB2. Here we investigate the effects of Dy substitution in the magnetocaloric properties of Ho1-x Dy x B2 alloys (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0). We find that the Curie temperature (T C) gradually increases upon Dy substitution, while the magnitude of the magnetic entropy

Abstract We report the formulation of nanoassemblies (NAs) comprising C225 conjugates Au-PFH-NAs (C-Au-PFH-NAs) for low-intensity focused ultrasound diagnosis ablation of thyroid cancer. C-Au-PFH-NAs showed excellent stability in water, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and 20% rat serum. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images also revealed the effective construction of C-Au-PFH-NAs as common

ABSTRACT Structural color is a color derived from optical interaction between light and a microstructure and is often seen in nature. Natural melanin plays an important role in bright structural coloration. For example, the vivid colors of peacock feathers are due to structural colors. The periodic arrangement of melanin granules inside the feathers leads to light interference, and the black granules

ABSTRACT Elastomers such as gels and rubbers play various roles in our lives. Elastomers, which guarantee the safety of airplanes and automobiles and the stability of buildings, are materials that have made the lives of people in the 20th century extremely convenient. The existence of macromolecules, that is, giant molecules, has been clarified; the development of synthetic macromolecules has progressed;

ABSTRACT The low thermal conductivity of polymers is a barrier to their use in applications requiring high thermal conductivity such as electronic packaging, heat exchangers, and thermal management devices. Polyolefins represent about 55% of global thermoplastic production, and therefore improving their thermal conductivity is essential for many applications. This review analyzes the advances in enhancing

(2020). Intermetallic compounds in heterogeneous catalysis. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 767-767.

ABSTRACT The organic Eu3+-complex [Eu(TTA)3Phen] has been incorporated into the channels of surface-modified frustules from diatoms as a key material to absorb and convert UV-photons to visible luminescence. Systematic investigation results indicate that the organic Eu3+-complex encapsulated in the functionalized diatomite channels exhibits enhanced luminescence and longer lifetime, owning to the Eu(TTA)3Phen

ABSTRACT Low temperature solder (In-based, Sn-Bi, Sn-Zn) has great advantages in aerospace and through-hole technology assemblies in IBM mainframe due to its unique low temperature characteristics. The review evaluates the effects of alloying elements, rare earth elements and nanoparticles on the wettability, microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the low-temperature solders

ABSTRACT We present a computational approach for identifying the important descriptors of the ionic conductivities of lithium solid electrolytes. Our approach discriminates the factors of both bulk and grain boundary conductivities, which have been rarely reported. The effects of the interrelated structural (e.g. grain size, phase), material (e.g. Li ratio), chemical (e.g. electronegativity, polarizability)

ABSTRACT Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that enable the conversion of a given mechanical energy into electrical energy at high efficiency have been very important in practice. Since the given mechanical energy is involuntarily converted to secondary energy sources (light, heat, and sound during triboelectrification), the significant amount of energy being converted is lost. Various studies have

Development and commercialization of self-healing concrete is hampered due to a lack of standardized test methods. Six inter-laboratory testing programs are being executed by the EU COST action SARCOS, each focusing on test methods for a specific self-healing technique. This paper reports on the comparison of tests for mortar and concrete specimens with polyurethane encapsulated in glass macrocapsules

The chemical diffusion coefficient in LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 was determined via the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique in the voltage range 3 to 4.2 V. Calculated diffusion coefficients in these layered oxide cathodes during charging and discharging reach a minimum at the open-circuit voltage of 3.8 V and 3.7 V vs. Li/Li+, respectively. The observed minima of the chemical diffusion coefficients

In this work, we combine a generic alloy-by-design model with a novel concept, the nucleation barrier for the formation of Laves phase to fill the creep cavities, in order to develop multi-component creep resistant steels with kinetically tuned self-healing behaviour. In the model the high-temperature long-term strength is estimated by integrating precipitation strengthening due to M23C6 carbides and

Self-healing materials have been recognized as a promising type of next-generation materials. Among them, self-healing ceramics play a particularly important role, and understanding them better is necessary. Therefore, in this study, we applied the oxidation kinetics-based constitutive model to finite element analysis of a series of damage-healing processes in self-healing ceramics (alumina/SiC composites)

In mechanotransduction studies, flow-induced shear stress (FSS) is often applied to two-dimensional (2D) cultured cells with a parallel-plate flow chamber (PPFC) due to its simple FSS estimation. However, cells behave differently under FSS inside a 3D scaffold (e.g. 10 mPa FSS was shown to induce osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in 3D but over 900 mPa was needed for 2D culture).

Stacking fault energy (SFE) is of the most critical microstructure attribute for controlling the deformation mechanism and optimizing mechanical properties of austenitic steels, while there are no accurate and straightforward computational tools for modeling it. In this work, we applied both thermodynamic modeling and machine learning to predict the stacking fault energy (SFE) for more than 300 austenitic

Silver selenide nanoparticles have advantages of low cytotoxicity, desirable near-infrared light response characteristics, and easy surface modification, which attract increasing attention in chemo-photothermal therapy and nursing care of cancer patients. In this contribution, we synthesized Ag2Se nanoparticles modified by the surfactant of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) using a ligand exchange

Two highly active and stable Pd-based intermetallic nanocrystals with early d-metals Pd3Ti and Pd3Zr have been developed. The nanocrystals are synthesized by co-reduction of the respective salts of Pd and Ti/Zr. Hard X-ray photoemission Spectroscopy (HAXPES) analysis of the nanocrystals indicates that the electronic properties of Pd are modified significantly, as evident from the lowering of the d-band

Two highly active and stable Pd-based intermetallic nanocrystals with early d-metals Pd3Ti and Pd3Zr have been developed. The nanocrystals are synthesized by co-reduction of the respective salts of Pd and Ti/Zr. Hard X-ray photoemission Spectroscopy (HAXPES) analysis of the nanocrystals indicates that the electronic properties of Pd are modified significantly, as evident from the lowering of the d-band

Abstract Heusler alloys are theoretically predicted to become half-metals at room temperature (RT). The advantages of using these alloys are good lattice matching with major substrates, high Curie temperature above RT and intermetallic controllability for spin density of states at the Fermi energy level. The alloys are categorised into half- and full-Heusler alloys depending upon the crystalline structures

ABSTRACT We propose a new theoretical kinetic model of strength recovery by oxidation-induced self-healing of surface cracks in composites containing a healing agent (HA). The kinetics is a key parameter in the design of structural components that can self-heal the damage done in service. Based on three-dimensional (3D) observations of crack-gap filling, two crack-gap filling models, i.e., a bridging

ABSTRACT This study proposes to develop a dual-acting antibacterial film of porous chitosan (Cs) embedded with small molecular compound, which possesses photosensitive characteristics with bactericidal efficacy, to promote the accelerated recovery of infectious wounds. The Cs/small molecular compound (Cs-cpd.2) dressing was prepared using the freeze-drying method. Characterization of the synthesized

ABSTRACT Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an effective tool for identifying molecules in a sample. Although many previously observed NMR spectra are accumulated in public databases, they cover only a tiny fraction of the chemical space, and molecule identification is typically accomplished manually based on expert knowledge. Herein, we propose NMR-TS, a machine-learning-based python

ABSTRACT We report the effect of the synthesis route of starch-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) on their adsorption properties of As(V) and As(III) from aqueous solutions. NP synthesis was achieved by two different routes implying the alkaline precipitation of either a mixed Fe2+/Fe3+ salt solution (MC samples) or a Fe2+ salt solution in oxidative conditions (MOP samples). Syntheses were

ABSTRACT The relations between the mechanical properties, heat treatment, and compositions of elements in aluminum alloys are extracted by a materials informatics technique. In our strategy, a machine learning model is first trained by a prepared database to predict the properties of materials. The dependence of the predicted properties on explanatory variables, that is, the type of heat treatment

ABSTRACT Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) was performed by mixing Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle plant) leaf extract with the solution of selenious acid (H2SeO3) under continuous stirring conditions resulting the roselle plant secondary metabolites conjugated Se NPs. The existence of functional groups of roselle plant secondary metabolites on the surface of prepared Se NPs was confirmed

ABSTRACT In the Siemens method, high-purity Si is produced by reducing SiHCl3 source gas with H2 ambient under atmospheric pressure. Since the pyrolysis of SiHCl3, which produces SiCl4 as a byproduct, occurs dominantly in the practical Siemens process, the Si yield is low (~30%). In the present study, we generated hydrogen radicals (H-radicals) at pressures greater than 1 atm using tungsten filaments

ABSTRACT We report on a highly sensitive gallium nitride (GaN) micro-electromechanical (MEMS) resonator with a record quality factor (Q) exceeding 105 at the high resonant frequency (f) of 911 kHz by the strain engineering for the GaN-on-Si structure. The f of the double-clamped GaN beam bridge is increased from 139 to 911 kHz when the tensile stress is increased to 640 MPa. Although it is usually

ABSTRACT We investigated the characteristics of thermally evaporated fullerene (C60)/Ag/C60 (CAC) multilayer films for use in semi-transparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and thin-film heaters (TFHs). The top and bottom C60 layers and Ag interlayer were prepared using multi-source thermal evaporation, and the thickness of the Ag interlayer was investigated in detail for its effects on the resistivity

ABSTRACT We report the dynamic behavior of diselenide-containing hydrophilic polyurethanes and hydrogels based on diselenide exchange reactions in an aqueous media. Diselenide-containing linear and cross-linked polyurethanes were synthesized via polyaddition reactions using diselenide-containing diol in combination with pyridinium diol that enhances the hydrophilicity of the polymer chains. The obtained

ABSTRACT We propose a novel descriptor of materials, named ‘cation fingerprints’, based on the chemical formula or concentrations of raw materials and their respective properties. To test its performance, this method was used to predict the viscosity of glass materials using the experimental database INTERGLAD. Using artificial neural network models, we succeeded in predicting the temperature required

ABSTRACT The mechanical behavior of multilayer steel structures fabricated via wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been investigated from the multiscale perspective. The multimaterial WAAM approach can control a heterogeneous structure and improve its mechanical properties. In this study, WAAM equipment based on plasma arc welding was used to fabricate two pairs of single- and duplex-phase

ABSTRACT The development of novel magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with satisfactory biocompatibility for biomedical applications has been the subject of extensive exploration over the past two decades. In this work, we synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide MNPs coated with polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS-MNPs) and with a conventional co-precipitation method. The core size and hydrodynamic diameter

ABSTRACT Sputtering and electrodeposition are among the most widespread techniques for metallic thin film deposition. Since these techniques operate under different principles, the resulting films typically show different microstructures even when the chemical composition is kept fixed. In this work, films of Fe70Pd30 were produced in a thickness range between 30 and 600 nm, using both electrodeposition

ABSTRACT We develop an automatic peak fitting algorithm using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) fitting method with confidence-interval estimation in spectral decomposition. First, spectral decomposition is carried out by adopting the Bayesian exchange Monte Carlo method for various artificial spectral data, and the confidence interval of fitting parameters is evaluated. From the results, an

(2020). Focus on nanogenerators: toward smart wearable devices. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 422-423.

(2020). Bio-inspired nanomaterials for biomedical innovation. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 420-421.

ABSTRACT A paper-based electrode is a very attractive component for a disposable, nontoxic, and flexible biosensor. In particular, wearable biosensors, which have recently been attracting interest, not only require these characteristics of paper-based electrodes but must also be able to detect various ions and biomolecules in biological fluids. In this paper, we demonstrate the detection ability of

ABSTRACT Ion gels, soft materials that contain ionic liquids (ILs), are promising gel electrolytes for use in electrochemical devices. Due to the recent surge in demand for flexible and wearable devices, highly durable ion gels have attracted significant amounts of attention. In this review, we address recent advances in the development of ion gels that can heal themselves when mechanically damaged

ABSTRACT In this study, we developed a high-performance extended-gate ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (EG-ISFET) sensor on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrate. The EG-ISFET sensor comprises a tin dioxide (SnO2) extended gate, which acts as a detector, and an amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) for a transducer. In order to self-amplify the sensitivity

ABSTRACT The empirical modeling methods are widely used in corrosion behavior analysis. But due to the limited regression ability of conventional algorithms, modeling objects are often limited to individual factors and specific environments. This study proposed a modeling method based on machine learning to simulate the marine atmospheric corrosion behavior of low-alloy steels. The correlations between

ABSTRACT Corrosion-control coatings which can enhance bone formation and be completely replaced by bone are attractive for biodegradable Mg alloys. Carbonate apatite (CAp) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings were formed on Mg-4 wt% Y-3 wt% rare earth (WE43) alloy as a corrosion-control and bioabsorbable coating in the coating solution with various concentrations of NaHCO3. The incorporation of carbonate

ABSTRACT Recent advancements in molecular robotics have been greatly contributed by the progress in various fields of science and technology, particularly in supramolecular chemistry, bio- and nanotechnology, and informatics. Yet one of the biggest challenges in molecular robotics has been controlling a large number of robots at a time and employing the robots for any specific task as flocks in order

ABSTRACT Once metal-based engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are released into the aquatic environment, they are expected to interact with other existing co-contaminants. A knowledge gap exists as to how the interaction of NPs with other co-contaminants occurs. Here we selected ZnO NPs among various NPs, with Ag ion existing as a contaminant in the aquatic environment by Ag NPs widely used. A novel modeling

ABSTRACT The large and vivid field of intermetallic compounds in catalysis is reviewed to identify necessities, strategies and new developments making use of the advantageous catalytic properties of intermetallic compounds. Since recent reviews summarizing contributions in heterogeneous catalysis as well as electrocatalysis are available, this contribution is not aiming at a comprehensive literature

(2019). Focus on nanogenerators: toward smart wearable devices. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials: Vol. 20, Nanogenerators, pp. 422-423.

(2018). Bio-inspired nanomaterials for biomedical innovation. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials: Vol. 19, Bio-inspired nanomaterials, pp. 420-421.