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Fabrication of low-cost flexible thermoelectric generator using conductive HB graphite paint operated by solar radiation Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Shreya Dungani, Devang Anadkat, Anil Pandya, Anup V Sanchela
Paper-based flexible thin film thermoelectric generators have emerged as a promising and feasible alternative to organic and inorganic conductors due to their ability to operate at room temperature within a limited temperature range. Here, a flexible solar thermoelectric generator (STEG) designed from a single material has been introduced, prepared by a simple painting method. We prepared HB graphite-based
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Stretchability dependency on stiffness of soft elastomer encapsulation for polyimide-supported copper serpentine interconnects Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Tomoya Koshi, Atushi Takei, Taiki Nobeshima, Shusuke Kanazawa, Ken-ichi Nomura, Sei Uemura
For conventional flexible printed circuit board widely used in industry, jointing islands of electric components with polyimide-supported copper serpentine interconnects is an effective approach to ensure circuit stretchability. The stretchability of the interconnects varies significantly due to the soft elastomer encapsulating the interconnect, as the encapsulation essentially constrains the lateral
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Life cycle assessment of a new smart label for intelligent packaging Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 L Sokka, M Välimäki, K -L Väisänen, J Keskinen, E Hakola, M Mäntysalo, J Ollila, T Happonen, L Hakola, M Smolander
Within the past years, there has been a growing demand for sustainable, cost-efficient on-line sensing of chemical and physical properties and locations of products. Measuring of products’ physical properties, such as temperature and humidity, could improve product safety and efficiency of logistic operations. In the future measurement of temperature of food items could also aid in reducing food wastage
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Active matrix-based pressure sensor system with a 4 × 16 printed decoder designed with a flexible hybrid organic process design kit Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Palak Gupta, Justas Lukosiunas, Gabriel Cadilha Marques, Sebastian Raths, Sebastian Stehlin, Stefan Schlisske, Kai Exner, Karl-Phillip Strunk, Christian Melzer, Peter Erk, Josef Mittermaier, Anton Klotz, Jasmin Aghassi-Hagmann
The innovative field of printed sensor with a demand for high accuracy, sensitivity and durability has enabled a wide application area in sensing, healthcare etc. A large-area printed sensor system on a flexible foil substrate emplying p-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is presented. Thereby, the OFET is fabricated through a hybrid manufacturing process, including photolithographically
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Electrical lengths and phase constants of stretchable coplanar transmission lines at GHz frequencies Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Alena Pikushina, Luis Fernando Centeno, Uwe Stehr, Heiko Jacobs, Matthias Hein
Elastic, bendable and stretchable electronics establish a new and promising area of multi-physics engineering for a variety of applications, e.g. on wearables or in complex-shaped machine parts. While the area of metamorphic electronics has been investigated comprehensively, the behavior at radio frequencies (RFs), especially in the GHz range, is much less well studied. The mechanical deformation of
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Inkjet-printed thin-film transistors using surfactant-based transition-metal dichalcogenide nanocomposites suspended in polymeric semiconductors Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Hyunwoo Choi, Wontae Park, Yebin Lee, Kam C Tam, William S Wong
Ink formulations containing a suspension of single-crystalline molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets suspended in the polymeric semiconductor poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) were inkjet printed for the fabrication of thin-film transistors (TFT). The MoS2 nanosheets were treated with the surfactant trichloro(dodecyl)silane (DDTS) to functionalize the MoS2 surface and created a more stable suspension
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In-flight imaging of aerosol jet printer droplets to enable spatially resolved flow rate measurements Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Anna Meredith, Matthias Beuting, Mario Trujillo, Scott Sanders, Joseph Andrews
The effect of process drift in aerosol jet (AJ) printing has been a hindering factor in its large-scale adoption in printed electronics. In this study, we developed an in situ droplet imaging system using a double-pulse laser to quantify the distribution and velocity of sparse droplets between the AJ printer nozzle and the substrate. The droplet velocity and distribution were then used to evaluate
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Fully solution-processed n-i-p type perovskite solar cells with efficiency over 19% enabled by a hydrophobic PEDOT:F interlayer and silver nanowire top electrode Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Zhenhua Zhao, Yang Liu, Changzeng Ding, Wusong Zha, Qun Luo, Yinhua Zhou, Chang-Qi Ma
Solution-processed top electrode is the key technology for the realization of fully solution-processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, we reported the preparation of fully-solution processed n-i-p type PSCs with spray-coated silver nanowires (AgNWs) top electrode. Experiment results demonstrated that low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.00% with a low fill factor of 67.41% was
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Inkjet-printed transistors with coffee ring aligned carbon nanotubes Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Paria Naderi, Gerd Grau
Low-concentration deposition techniques such as inkjet printing for forming carbon nanotube (CNT) transistor channels typically result in higher on–off current ratio, while lowering the field-effect mobility compared to traditional high-concentration techniques. In this paper, we show that inkjet-printed devices can have both high field-effect mobility and on–off current ratio by utilizing coffee ring
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Modeling organic negative-transconductance transistors for circuit simulation Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Saurabh Suredra Joshi, Hocheon Yoo, Chang-Hyun Kim
Organic negative-transconductance (NTC) transistors are emerging as a new versatile element of flexible and printed electronics. However, there is no standard model of these transistors available in circuit simulators. This paper introduces the first current–voltage model for organic NTC transistors. The model reflects unique structural features of a state-of-the-art NTC transistor platform, incorporating
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A fully printed sensor with optical readout for real-time flow monitoring Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Dimitris Barmpakos, Apostolos Apostolakis, Aggelos Pilatis, Dimitrios-Nikolaos Pagonis, Grigoris Kaltsas
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of flexible thermal flow sensing devices due to their wide-ranging applications. In this study, we present the fabrication of a screen-printed flow sensor with optical readout on a 125 μm polyethylene terephthalate substrate in a three-layer configuration. The device comprises electrodes made from a commercial silver (Ag) ink, a
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The role of surface roughness on the electrical behavior of flexible and stretchable screen-printed silver ink on Kapton substrate Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Mohamed Y Abdelatty, Ashraf Umar, Gurvinder S Khinda, Ryan J Cadwell, Joshua A Levy, Nancy Huang, Darshana L Weerawarne, Mohammed Alhendi, Scott M Miller, Mark D Poliks
Changes in the morphology and profile of the printed electronic traces affect the radio frequency (RF) performance, especially when compared to the simulated designs, which are primarily rectangular and smooth. The shape and morphology of the printed traces depend on the printing system, a combination of ink and substrate properties, and the printed technology used for fabrication. This paper investigates
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Screen printable PANI/carbide-derived carbon supercapacitor electrode ink with chitosan binder Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Ezgi Inci Yesilyurt, Jürgen Pionteck, Jari Keskinen, Aapo Kattainen, Timo Punkari, Frank Simon, Matti Mäntysalo, Brigitte Voit
Polyaniline (PANI)/carbide-derived carbon (CDC) was synthesized by using in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of PANI in presence of CDC. Conductive electrode ink materials were prepared by using eco-friendly chitosan binder in water media. In the following, symmetrical supercapacitors (SCs) were fabricated by both doctor blade coating and screen printing technique. The electrical conductivity
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A seed and bridge layer method for inkjet printing of narrow traces on receding ink-substrate combinations Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Nicholas Pratt, Pratap M Rao
Inkjet printing of electronic materials is of interest for digital printing of flexible electronics and sensors, but the width of the inkjet-printed lines is still large, limiting device size and performance. Decreasing the drop volume, increasing the drop spacing, and increasing the ink-substrate contact angle are all approaches by which the line width can be lowered, however these approaches are
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Flexible and stretchable synaptic devices for wearable neuromorphic electronics Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Hyeon-Soo Lee, Jun-Seok Ro, Gyu-Min Ko, Hea-Lim Park
Wearable neuromorphic devices have gained attention because of the growth in the Internet of Things and the increasing demand for health monitoring. They provide meaningful information and interact with the external environment through physiological signal processing and seamless interaction with the human body. The concept of these devices originated from the development of neuromorphic and flexible/stretchable
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Highly sensitive strain sensors based on dispensing technology for human–machine interaction Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Zhifu Chen, Liangsong Huang, Peng Zhang, Yuxia Li, Xiaofei Bu, Huake Chen, Jiapeng Tan
Flexible strain sensors have stable and sensitive sensing performance under deformation conditions such as pressing, bending, and stretching. However, the preparation process of high-performance strain sensors is still very complex, which also limits the application and production of sensors. At the same time, most sensors are unstable and inefficient, so they cannot meet people’s expectations for
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Printable, adhesive, and self-healing dry epidermal electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS and polyurethane diol Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Pierre Kateb, Jiaxin Fan, Jinsil Kim, Xin Zhou, Gregory A Lodygensky, Fabio Cicoira
Printable, self-healing, stretchable, and conductive materials have tremendous potential for the fabrication of advanced electronic devices. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiopene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has been the focus of extensive research due to its tunable electrical and mechanical properties. Owing to its solution-processability and self-healing ability, PEDOT:PSS is an excellent
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3D-printed wearable BaTiO3/PDMS piezoelectric nanogenerator for self-powered body movement sensing Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Xiaoquan Shi, Yazhou Sun, Haiying Tian, Haitao Liu, Dekai Li
Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) used in body movement real-time monitoring are of great interest for their wide application potential such as in the field of smart healthcare. In this work, a self-powered BaTiO3/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) PENG for body movement sensing was successfully fabricated by extrusion 3D printing. Matrix system composed of different ratios of PDMS was selected
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PDMS-metal oxide nanocomposites as transparent encapsulants for flexible electronic devices Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Garikapati Nagasarvari, Nitheesh M Nair, Shyama D Ranade, Lakshman Neelakantan, Parasuraman Swaminathan
Encapsulation is integral to electronic devices for maintaining long-term functionality and stability. While a variety of materials and solutions are available for conventional silicon-based electronics, not all of them are suitable for flexible optoelectronic devices. Typically, these devices require materials with low processing temperature, while maintaining both the optical and electrical functionality
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Measurement of web tension using ambient vibrations in roll-to-roll manufacturing of flexible and printed electronics Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Dan Feng, Neil Morrison, Claire Armstrong, Ken Moyers, Arvind Raman, Ryan B Wagner
Web tension measurement and control are important for the quality control of flexible and printed electronics fabricated by roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing. The distribution of tension within a R2R web can be calculated from the values of the web’s mechanical resonance frequencies. Typically, such measurements require an active external forcing to be generated and applied to the web. In this work
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Photoinitiated chemical vapor deposition (piCVD) of composition tunable, ionically conductive hydrogels on diverse substrates Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Evan D Patamia, Trisha L Andrew
Ionically conductive hydrogels are finding prominence in a wide range of emerging devices and applications, including biopotential sensors, organic field effect transistors, biomedicine, and soft robotics. Traditionally, these gels are synthesized through solution-phase polymerization or solvent based swelling of a polymer network and then cast in place or adhered to an intended substrate after synthesis
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Modular vertically-integrated skin patch for biosignal measurements Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Ari Alastalo, Kimmo Keränen, Mika Suhonen, Jyrki Ollila, Arttu Huttunen, Raf Appeltans, Wim Sijbers, Gijs van Gestel, Afshin Hadipour, Stijn Lammar, Aranzazu Aguirre, Rafael Michalczuk, Christof Gapp, Martin Scholz, Markus Peters, Frank Etzel, Gunter Hübner, Martin Krebs, Zoryana Turyk, Nicolas Bucher
This paper presents research on a novel and modular vertically-integrated wearable skin patch for biosignal measurements. The flexible patch consists of a disposable skin-contacting electrode layer and a durable electronics part. The durable part is designed to include a printed re-chargeable battery, a solar cell, electronics for the measurement of electrocardiogram (ECG), galvanic skin response,
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Silicon elastomer as flexible substrate: dielectric characterization and applications for wearable antenna Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 Adnan Iftikhar, Noaman Naseer, Solen Kumbay Yildiz, Dincer Gokcen, Adnan Fida, Muhammad Farhan Shafique, Birsen Saka
In this paper, low-cost mold silicone and silicone elastomers are investigated as substrates for the realization of flexible antennas. A methodical dielectric characterization is carried out, followed by a detailed explanation of the manufacturing process of the silicone elastomers. The prepared silicone elastomer substrates are also subjected to mechanical tests to ensure flexibility and robustness
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Partially insoluble regenerated silk fibroin film induced by UV irradiation for electronic skins Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Fangmiao Song, Mengyuan Zhou, Wei Sun, Yan Qiao, Zhisong Lu
The regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) film has been regarded as an ideal substrate for biocompatible, flexible, and biodegradable electronic skin (e-skin) devices. However, it is still a great challenge to balance the flexibility and solubility of the RSF film by adjusting its secondary structure. Herein, a film prepared with the hydrolyzed RSF was exposed to the 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light to prepare
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High resistivity free-standing crosslinked graphene oxide substrates: hopping conduction mechanism and application to recyclable electronics Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Anthony Ubah, Nima Zakeri, Marta Cerruti, Thomas Szkopek
Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxidized derivative of graphene that can be formed into free-standing wafers by aqueous processing methods. We propose GO as a potential alternative printed electronic substrate material to mitigate the waste electronic and electrical equipment problem. By dissolving these substrates in water, GO permits the mechanical separation and recovery of discrete components from defunct
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Low-temperature electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage devices: bulk and interfacial properties Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-26 Long Yang, Ming Chen, Taizheng Wu, Liang Niu, Liang Zeng, Guang Feng
The optimization of electrochemical energy storage devices (EES) for low-temperature conditions is crucial in light of the growing demand for convenient living in such environments. Sluggish ion transport or the freezing of electrolytes at the electrode-electrolyte interface are the primary factors that limit the performance of EES under low temperatures, leading to fading of capacity and instability
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UV-converted heterogeneous wettability surface for the realization of printed micro-scale conductive circuits Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Ke Shui, Yuxiao Fang, Zerui Li, Zhenguo Wang, Subin Jiang, Ni Yin, Qi Chen, Feng-Qi Guo, Jian-Wen Zhao, Jian Lin, Chang-Qi Ma
Achieving high precision in the fabrication of electronic circuits through additive manufacturing requires breaking the resolution limit of traditional printing processes. To address this challenge, we have developed a novel approach that involves preparing a heterogeneous wetting surface using a light-sensitive NBE-acrylate resin. By creating differences in surface energy on the substrate, we can
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Towards fully green printed device with environmental perspectives Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Mariia Zhuldybina, Mirko Torres, Rahaf Nafez Hussein, Ahmed Moulay, Tricia Breen Carmichael, Ngoc Duc Trinh, Chloé Bois
Printed electronics (PE) is growing rapidly through innovation in several pathways: ink formulation, substrate improvement, printing and drying process optimization. All these developments are combining to enable the production of a new generation of PE devices that reduce e-waste. However, the main question of the recyclability of these devices is critical. This article is focused on (1) the industrial
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Opportunities for cost-effective manufacturing of fully printed high performance displays enabled by vertical light-emitting transistor pixels Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Svetlana V Vasilyeva, Xiao Chen, Hiromitsu Katsui, Koichi Miyachi, Shao-Ting Huang, Andrew G Rinzler, Maxime G Lemaitre, Bo Liu
With the vertical organic light-emitting transistor (VOLET), we introduce a promising solution that could significantly benefit the manufacturing of displays, accelerating the wide adoption of flexible and printed electronics. The VOLET—like conventional, lateral channel, organic thin film transistors—is compatible with a variety of printing techniques as well as flexible substrates and low-temperature
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Recent progress in hole-transporting materials and inkjet-printing QLEDs Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Liming Xie, Wenming Su
Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have attracted a great deal of interests due to their unique advantages such as tunable spectrum, high color saturation, compatibility with low-cost inkjet-printing (IJP) technology and potential for use in large-area full-color pixelated display. To date, the efficiency and lifetime of red, green, and blue QLEDs have been significantly improved, in which hole-transporting
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Flexible capacitive and piezoresistive pressure sensors based on screen-printed parylene C/polyurethane composites in low-pressure range Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Sedat Kurnaz, Ozgür Ozturk, Ali Hazar Mehmet, Utku Guduloglu, Nurdane Yilmaz, Osman Cicek
The use of polymers to fabricate flexible pressure sensors as an alternative to conventional pressure sensors has led to the development of physiological monitoring of human body and the electronic skin. In particular, the fabrication of flexible capacitive and piezoresistive sensors using a variety of materials and the investigation of their electromechanical properties are further developments in
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The ink-jet printed flexible interdigital capacitors: manufacturing and ageing tests Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Milena Kiliszkiewicz, Laura Jasińska, Andrzej Dziedzic
Correct operation of electronic circuits (including those made with the ink-jet printing technique) requires the electrical parameters of the structures to be constant or to be changeable, but in a predictable way. Due to that, the flexible, ink-jet printed interdigital capacitors (IDSs) were made and then tested in various conditions. We used the conductive silver-based Amepox AX JP-60n ink. As a
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Investigation of methods to quantify silver screen-printed onto cellulosic substrate: towards recycling of printed electronics Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 João H F Conceição, M Party, D Curtil, L Švecová, N Marlin, N Reverdy-Bruas
The continued progress in electronics technology has led to unsustainable consumption of plastic-based products containing, in their majority, natural finite metallic resources. The substitution of these plastic materials by more sustainable ones, such as cellulosic substrates, is one of many measures applied by the industry to reduce their environmental impact. In this work, due to the lack of information
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Solution-processed multi-resonance emitters for ultimate displays Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Sichao Ji, Guohua Xie, Qin Xue
Multi-resonance (MR) materials have attracted considerable attention owing to their ability to achieve high color purity emissions with the small full-width at half-maxima (FWHMs) in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), which is crucial for wide color-gamut displays. Nowadays, MR emitters covering almost full color have been developed and applied to construct high-performance narrowband OLEDs. From
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Predicting the sheet resistance of laser-induced graphitic carbon using machine learning Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Hung Le, Aamir Minhas-Khan, Suresh Nambi, Gerd Grau, Wen Shen, Dazhong Wu
While laser-induced graphitic carbon (LIGC) has been used to fabricate cost-effective conductive carbon on flexible substrates for applications such as sensors and energy storage devices, predicting the resistance of the component fabricated via LIGC remains challenging. In this study, a two-step machine learning-based modeling framework is developed to predict the sheet resistance of the materials
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Comparison of printing techniques for the fabrication of flexible carbon nanotube-based ammonia chemiresistive gas sensors Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Sahira Vasquez, Martina Aurora Costa Angeli, Mattia Petrelli, Mukhtar Ahmad, Bajramshahe Shkodra, Barbara Salonikidou, Radu A Sporea, Almudena Rivadeneyra, Paolo Lugli, Luisa Petti
Even though a plethora of printing technologies are currently available and their potential for the fabrication of low-cost and flexible sensors has been widely investigated, systematically based, and statistically sustained comparative studies are missing in the literature. In this work, we compare screen, inkjet, and dispense printing for the fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based ammonia (NH3)
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In-mold electronics applications: the control of ink properties through the use of mixtures of electrically conductive pastes Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Michele Miliciani, Gian Maria Mendicino, Mark T DeMeuse
Polymer thick films compatible with a thermoforming process are the key components to realize the next generation of human–machine interface and lighting with a 3D custom shape through an in-mold process. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that a tailored combination of commercial pastes can offer the manufacturer more freedom in developing smart electronic devices. A four-point probe instrument
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A flexible and transparent pliers shaped antenna for ultra-wideband applications Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Chenyu Zhang, Jiaqi Guo, Shilin Lian, Zongtao Chi, Zhongsen Sun, Yu Zheng, Bin Sun, Tian Liu
Flexible transparent antennas have broad potential applications in wireless communication and RF energy harvesting, providing visualization, small size, and integration functions for electronic devices. The use of optically transparent materials is an essential direction in the development of flexible transparent antennas. In this paper, a flexible and transparent antenna is designed by indium tin
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In-situ graphene oxide reduction via inkjet printing using natural reducing inks Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Junaid Khan, M Mariatti
The development of eco-friendly alkali lignin-assisted water-based stable graphene oxide (GO) ink presents an innovative approach with the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing of printed and flexible electronics through scalable inkjet printing. However, GO lacks conductivity, necessitating an additional reduction step to restore its electrical properties. Traditional reduction methods using
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Green synthesis of highly luminescent CsPbBr3 quantum dots through silica coating and post-treatment with ligands Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Xianyao Wu, Kai Yin, Mu Yang, Yufeng Hu, Hongshang Peng
All-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have received considerable attentions due to their fascinating optical properties. However, the mainstream preparation methods rely on toxic solvents, raising significant environmental and safety concerns. In this work, ethyl acetate was chosen as the environmentally friendly anti-solvent to prepare silica-coated CsPbBr3 PQDs using a aminoalkoxysilane-assisted
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Predicting inkjet jetting behavior for viscoelastic inks using machine learning Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Seongju Kim, Raphaël Wenger, Olivier Bürgy, Gioele Balestra, Unyong Jeong, Sungjune Jung
Inkjet printing offers significant potential for additive manufacturing technology. However, predicting jetting behavior is challenging because the rheological properties of functional inks commonly used in the industry are overlooked in printability maps that rely on the Ohnesorge and Weber numbers. We present a machine learning-based predictive model for jetting behavior that incorporates the Deborah
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Conformable packaging of a soft pressure sensor for tactile perception Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Subham Das, Mitradip Bhattacharjee, Karthick Thiyagarajan, Sarath Kodagoda
Humans can perceive surface properties of an unfamiliar object without relying solely on vision. One way to achieve it is by physically touching the object. This human-inspired tactile perception is a complementary skill for robotic tactile perception. Robot perception depends on the informational quality of the tactile sensor; thus, packaging sensors and integrating them with robots plays a crucial
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Room-temperature fabrication of flexible oxide TFTs by co-sputtering of IGZO and ITO Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Yan Wang, Yingjie Tang, Yitong Chen, Dingwei Li, Huihui Ren, Guolei Liu, Fanfan Li, Ran Jin, Bowen Zhu
Amorphous oxide semiconductors, especially indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), have been widely studied and obtained significant progress in flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) due to the high carrier mobility and low deposition temperature. However, a further annealing step is generally required to activate electrical properties and improve the device performance, which limited their applications
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Flexible resistive memory device based on agar Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Yu-Chi Chang, Hao-Jung Liu, Bo-Jhang Chen
Potential applications of natural materials in environmentally friendly electronics include for information storage. In this work, natural material–agar was used to fabricate a flexible resistive memory device. Agar is one of the most widely used biomaterials for tissue engineering, medicine and other biotechnological applications. Agar is a suitable material for flexible electronics due to its good
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Additively fabricated on-skin sensors for mechanical and thermal biosignal monitoring Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Mika-Matti Laurila
Continuous biosignal monitoring with on-skin worn sensor devices enables out-of-hospital patient monitoring (i.e. ubiquitous healthcare), which has high potential to reduce various disease-related societal costs through large-scale screening of disease risk groups. However, novel fabrication methods need to be adopted to enable the required large-scale deployment of such devices. Additive fabrication
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Flexible humidity sensor for smart agricultural applications Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Meltem Tekcin, Damla Rabia Tuzer Hamzaoglu, Senem Kursun
In order to meet the increasing food demand, sensors that measure the ambient temperature and humidity in greenhouses are needed for more efficient vegetable and fruit production. For this purpose, two different flexible and resistant textile-based humidity sensors that can measure the humidity at higher levels (80%, 90%, and 100% relative humidity (RH)) were designed and printed directly on the four
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Process considerations for Aerosol-Jet printing of ultra fine features Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Georg Gramlich, Robert Huber, Florian Häslich, Akanksha Bhutani, Uli Lemmer, Thomas Zwick
In recent years, Aerosol-Jet (AJ) printing has become an increasingly popular technology applied in research ranging from the biomedical field to military applications to printed semiconductors. Extensive efforts have been made to understand the influence of process parameters and the underlying physical principles. Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to the optimization of ultra-small and
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Machine-learning based characteristic estimation method in printed circuit board production lines Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Mu-Lin Tsai, Rong-Qing Qiu, Kuan-Yi Wu, Tzu-Hsuan Hsu, Ming-Huang Li, Cheng-Yao Lo
In this study, software and hardware that supported automatic optical inspection (AOI) for printed circuit board production line was proposed and demonstrated. The proposed method showed an effective solution that predicts off-line electromagnetic (EM) characteristic of manufactured components through in-line pattern integrity. A spiral antenna that represented complex patterns was used as the evaluation
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Extended functionalities of paper-based analytical devices using hydrogels for biomedical applications Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Ignasia Handipta Mahardika, Sarath Kin, Oh-Sun Kwon, Kwanwoo Shin
Paper-based analytical devices are a strong candidate for development due to the global need for accurate, easy-to-use, and cost-effective tools. Paper offers potential as a substrate for biomedical diagnostic devices, but on its own it is limited in versatility. By combining paper with hydrogel, researchers are able to improve automation, sensitivity, affordability, flexibility, and speed. Hydrogel
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Highly conductive laser-induced graphene through the deposition of liquid metal particles for flexible electronics Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-11 Halil Tetik, Emmy Markgraf, Kohya Kato, Valerie N Chan, Mohammad H Malakooti
The rapid and simple fabrication process of laser-induced graphene (LIG) has enabled the creation of flexible sensors for emerging applications such as wearable electronics and intelligent systems. Although LIG can be designed to be a sensitive strain sensor due to the large change in its resistance under deformation, this property can also limit its use as a printed conductor on flexible substrates
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Materials screening and characterization for functional printed automotive interiors parts Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 Nathalia Hammes, Catarina Ribeiro, Catarina Machado, João Ferreira, Ricardo Campos, Djibril Faye, Ana Cortez, Sandra Melo, Fernando Duarte, António Pontes, Júlio C Viana, Paulo Pedrosa, Natália Homem
Flexible printed electronics (PE) has attracted strong interest during the last two decades and is one of the successful trends in material science, representing the future of PEs. This research work evaluates the use of screen-printing technology and materials for producing functional circuits for automotive interior parts, which can be subsequently processed through in-mold electronics (IME). Since
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Integration of CRISPR/Cas with functional nucleic acids as versatile toolbox for non-nucleic acid target diagnostics: a review Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Wenxian Zhang, Zhenzhen Chen, Yang Shi, Jiaqi Wang, Jingjing Zhang
Non-nucleic acid targets, consisting primarily of metal ions, organic small molecules and proteins. They act as important biomolecules or cell surface markers, supplying integrated and comprehensive bio-diagnostic information for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Meanwhile, the analysis of non-nucleic acid targets also offers the foundation for individualized medicine and precision therapy
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Hybrid Ag/Ni mesh/PH 1000 transparent electrodes for high performance flexible electrochromic devices with exceptional stability Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-29 Lipeng Huang, Xiaolian Chen, Xinzhou Wu, Zishou Hu, Shuhong Nie, Chenchao Huang, Shuo Zhang, Wenya Xu, Fangfang Pei, Wenming Su, Zheng Cui
Flexible electrochromic technology has gained numerous attentions in flexible smart wearable devices and flexible displays. For large-area flexible electrochromic devices (FECDs), highly conductive transparent electrodes with advanced stability at a prolonged redox cycling process are indispensable. In this work, a silver (Ag)/nickel (Ni) mesh/PH 1000 hybrid transparent film were successfully fabricated
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Recyclable luminescent carbon dots nanopaper for flexible electronics Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Mutalifu Abulikemu, Bita E A Tabrizi, Hamed M Mofarah, Kimia Rezaei Shad, Ghassan E Jabbour
The use of sustainable materials in high-tech devices is one way to decrease the carbon footprint and tackle global climate change. We first synthesized blue-emissive carbon dots (CDs) from biocompatible onion inner epidermal cells using solvothermal method. Then, cellulose nanofiber was prepared by TEMPO oxidization, followed by homogenization from soft wood source. Finally, the blue emissive CDs-cellulose
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Stretchable kirigami-inspired conductive polymers for strain sensors applications Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Mina Abbasipour, Pierre Kateb, Fabio Cicoira, Damiano Pasini
Kirigami metamaterials can be exploited in stretchable electronics owing to their architecture, which can be leveraged to amplify stretchability, bendability and deformability. Herein, we report a stretchable kirigami-structured poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer composite. The electromechanical response and mechanical behavior of
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Initial steps towards a robotic solution for the manufacturing and assembly of thin-film space solar arrays Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 John A Carr, Furman Thompson, Austin Bumbalough
Print-assisted photovoltaic panel assembly (PAPPA), a novel printed electronic process presented herein, uses additive manufacturing to print flexible paneling components around commercial off-the-shelf thin-film solar cells. This builds a fully functional, flexible solar panel, suitable for space environments, via an automated process. Currently, thin-film space solar panels are manufactured via the
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Shellac as dielectric materials in organic field-effect transistors: from silicon to paper substrates Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Daniella Skaf, Tiago Carneiro Gomes, Robabeh Majidzadeh, Rahaf Nafez Hussein, Tricia Breen Carmichael, Simon Rondeau-Gagné
Recent advances in the design and preparation of electroactive materials, particularly semiconducting and conductive polymers, have resulted in the creation of novel organic electronics with advanced functionality and performance competitive with that of devices made of silicon. With an increasing number of organic and printed electronics being engineered and produced at a larger scale, the environmental
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Experimental overview for green printed electronics: inks, substrates, and printing techniques Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 David Batet, Fabiola Vilaseca, Eloi Ramon, Juan Pablo Esquivel, Gemma Gabriel
The selection of materials and technologies for green printed electronics design is a fundamental and time-consuming task. This paper represents a rigorous experimental overview in which different printing technologies, ink formulations, and paper-based substrates are examined and analyzed. Three printing techniques are investigated: inkjet printing, screen printing, and direct ink writing. Regarding
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Mechanical properties of structured copper and printed silver hybrid stretchable electronic systems Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Teemu Salo, Lukas Werft, Basel Adams, Donato Di Vito, Aki Halme, Vitalij Scenev, Hans Walter, Thomas Löher, Jukka Vanhala
Stretchable electronics can be realized using different manufacturing methods and hybrids thereof. An example of the latter is the combination of stretchable circuit boards with screen-printing, which will be discussed in this work. The hybrid stretchable electronics structures are based on photolithographically structured and rigid copper islands and screen-printed silver ink interconnections. This
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Highly-dependable printed neuromorphic circuits based on additive manufacturing Flex. Print. Electron. (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 Haibin Zhao, Michael Hefenbrock, Michael Beigl, Mehdi B Tahoori
The rapid development of emerging domains, such as the Internet of Things and wearable technologies, necessitates the development of flexible, stretchable, and non-toxic devices that can be manufactured at an ultra-low cost. Printed electronics has emerged as a viable solution by offering not only the aforementioned features but also a high degree of customization, which enables the personalization