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Numerical simulations of liquid film primary breakup in a pintle injector: a parametric study At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Tinglan Tang, Tai Jin, Gaofeng Wang
In the present study, numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the primary breakup of the liquid film in the gas-liquid pintle injector, using the volume of fluid (VOF) method with the adaptive mesh refinement to capture the gas-liquid interface. The film breakup and atomization characteristics in the pintle injector are studied by changing the structure parameters and the momentum
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Nonlinear effects in viscoelastic drop shape oscillations At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Dino Zrnić, Günter Brenn
A study of axisymmetric shape oscillations of viscoelastic drops in a vacuum is conducted, using the method of weakly nonlinear analysis. The motivation is the relevance of the shape oscillations for transport processes across the drop surface, as well as fundamental interest. The study is performed for, but not limited to, the two-lobed mode of initial drop deformation. The Oldroyd-B model is used
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Determination of the Drop Size and Distributions in Swirl Injection in Cross Flows, Impinging, and Effervescent Injectors At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 J.E. Park, T.-W. Lee, M Maly, O Cejpak, Jan Jedelsky
We have extended the primary atomization analysis to swirl injection in cross flows, impinging and effervescent injectors. Using the integral form of the conservation equations, the drop size can be expressed in terms of injection and fluid parameters, the main variable being the liquid and gas velocities. Using the measured velocities as inputs to this D32-equation, good agreement with experimental
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A novel experimental approach to study drop-particle collisions At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Jean-Baptiste Le Gac, Carole Planchette
Free drop-particle collisions occurring in air are experimentally produced by combining a stream of drops and a stream of particles, which results from the selective and ultra-fast hardening of another regular drop stream. The set-up offers the possibility to accurately vary the drop and particle diameter, the collision eccentricity and the relative drop-particle velocity. First observations obtained
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THE EFFECTS OF SHAPE AND LIQUID PROPERTIES ON PRESSURE SWIRL ATOMIZER IN-NOZZLE FLOW At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 G. Elvio Cossali, Simona Tonini, P. Conti
The internal flow in pressure swirl atomizers is numerically predicted by performing large eddy simulations and using a volume of fluid approach. The output of the numerical model is validated by comparing it with three databases of experimental measurements obtained on large-scale pressure swirl atomizers available in the open literature. A simplified analytical model previously developed by the authors
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A MAXIMUM ENTROPY PRINCIPLE MODEL FOR THE INITIALIZATION OF EULERIAN-LAGRANGIAN SPRAYS At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Raul Payri, Gabriela Bracho, Pedro Martí-Aldaraví, Javier Marco-Gimeno
NOx emission regulations have become more and more restrictive for Internal Combustion Engines vehicles, especially for road transport applications. To minimize emissions and comply with regulations, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems are the most efficient deNOx technology thanks to the injection of a Urea-Water Solution (UWS). State-of-the-art Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques
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In situ Melt Temperature and Particle Size Analysis During High Pressure Gas Atomization of Liquid Metals At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Andrew Mullis
We explore the extent to which imaging of the melt plume during High Pressure Gas Atomisation using consumer DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) equipment provides useful information about the process. We show that the colour imaging and high spatial resolution can be a useful adjunct to the more widely reported imaging using specialist high frame rate cameras. With knowledge of the camera’s colour response
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A combined analytical/numerical approach to the modelling of the processes leading to puffing and micro-explosion in a composite multi-component fuel/water droplet At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Dmitrii Antonov, Pavel Strizhak, Elena Shchepakina, Vladimir Sobolev, Sergei Sazhin
The previously developed analytical/numerical model for predicting heat transfer and component diffusion in composite multi-component droplets is adjusted for use in practical engineering applications related to the analysis of droplet heating and evaporation, and the onset of puffing and micro-explosions in those droplets. This adjustment allowed us to gain new insights into the previously developed
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Computational study of high-pressure liquid injection process by means of LES and PANS approaches At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Marija Stipic, Branislav Basara, Steffen Schmidt, Nikolaus A. Adams
For internal combustion engine, the determination of combustion characteristics and subsequent emissions formation relies heavily on the fuel injection process. With the increasing demand for enhanced fuel efficiency and reduced emissions, it becomes vital to develop fundamental understanding of physical process involved in the fuel injection process. In this study, an optimal numerical approach to
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INFLUENCE OF BUBBLE GROWTH AND LIQUID FILM INSTABILITIES ON DROPLET IMPACT PHENOMENA UNDER SATURATED BOILING REGIMES At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Daniel Vasconcelos, Andre Silva, Jorge Barata
Evaporation and boiling are processes that occur in many industrial applications involving multiphase flows. For liquid films, however, studies are scarce regarding heat and mass transfer mechanisms and require further research. The main objective of this work is to evaluate bubble formation and detachment, followed by the impact phenomena. Therefore, an experimental setup was built and adapted for
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CHARACTERIZATION OF FULLY DEVELOPED AIR-ASSISTED SPRAY UNSTEADINESS USING RP-3 JET FUEL At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Hao Wu, Zhenyu Zhang, Fujun Zhang, Kun Wu, William L. Roberts
The ideal spray theory of Edwards and Marx was utilized to investigate the dependence of fully developed intermittent air-assisted spray unsteadiness on operational conditions and fluid properties. Time series information of spray droplets was identified by phase Doppler particle analyzer and used for inter-particle arrival time statistics. Results demonstrated that spray unsteadiness along the spray
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HIGH FIDELITY SIMULATION ON THE BREAKUP AND DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF LIQUID JET IN CROSSFLOW WITH RECTANGULAR NOZZLES At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Meng Shao, Zhixia He, Qian Wang
High fidelity simulation was carried out by ANYS software to investigate the primary breakup characteristics of liquid jet in crossflow. The influence of nozzles shapes on the breakup features and deformation characteristics of liquid column was analyzed. Air velocity ranged from 40 m/s to 80 m/s and the shape of nozzles included circular, Rectangle-A, and Rectangle-B. The results indicated that, at
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ON THE GENERATION OF COANDA FLOW WITH INFLUENTIAL PARAMETERS IN COAXIAL TRIPLE SWIRLER At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Milad Khaleghi Kasbi, Reza Alidoost Dafsari, Ali Charanandeh, Joopyoung Kim, Jeekeun Lee
The effects of five coaxial triple swirler configurations on mass flow rate distribution, swirling flow structure, and Coanda flow formation to transition were investigated. The study utilized a numerical investigation with the Re-Normalization Group k−ε Turbulence model to simulate the internal and external flow field. An experimental setup was also provided to validate the numerical results using
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SPRAY DROPLET SIZES FROM AQUEOUS LIQUID SHEETS CONTAINING SOLUBLE SURFACTANTS AND EMULSIFIED OILS At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Iaroslav Makhnenko, Long Nguyen, Christopher J. Hogan, Steven A. Fredericks, Christine M. Colby, Elizabeth R. Alonzi, Cari S. Dutcher
Agricultural sprays produced from the atomization of a nozzle-generated liquid sheet produce a wide range of droplet sizes, which impacts crop coverage and spray drift. While the operating conditions and nozzle type are main factors to achieve optimal droplet sizes, the chemical composition of the sprayed mixture also has substantial effect on the droplet size distribution. Particularly, the presence
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INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF VORTEX-INDUCED STRING CAVITATION ON FLOW AND SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS WITHIN DIESEL FUEL INJECTION NOZZLES At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Chen Li, Zhixia He, Wei Guan, Genmiao Guo
The diesel fuel injection system relies heavily on the precise operation of the fuel injection nozzle, universally recognized as its foundational component. A key factor significantly affecting both flow capacity and injection performance is the internal flow characteristics of the nozzle. This study investigates the vortex-induced string cavitation within fuel injector nozzles by incorporating high-speed
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A DETAILED NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF TWO-PHASE FLOWS INSIDE A PLANAR FLOW-BLURRING ATOMIZER At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Yue Ling, Lulin Jiang
Flow-blurring atomization is an innovative twin-fluid atomization approach that has demonstrated superior effectiveness in producing fine sprays compared to traditional airblast atomization methods. In flow-blurring atomizers, the high-speed gas flow is directed perpendicular to the liquid jet. Under specific geometric and physical conditions, the gas penetrates back into the liquid nozzle, resulting
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Spray droplet sizes from aqueous liquid sheets containing soluble surfactants and emulsified oils At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Iaroslav Makhnenko, Long Nguyen, Christopher J. Hogan, Jr., Steven A. Fredericks, Christine M. Colby, Elizabeth R. Alonzi, Cari Dutcher
Agricultural sprays produced from the atomization of a nozzle-generated liquid sheet produce a wide range of droplet sizes, which impacts crop coverage and spray drift. While the operating conditions and nozzle type are main factors to achieve optimal droplet sizes, the chemical composition of the sprayed mixture also has substantial effect on the droplet size distribution. Particularly, the presence
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The effect of liquid properties on heat transfer and evaporation characteristics of the liquid films formed by unsteady spray-wall impacts At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Saeed Jowkar, Xing Shen, Mohammad Reza Morad, amirhooshang zeraatkardevin
For intermittent spray cooling purpose, it is essential to study the unsteady aspects of film evaporation and heat transfer characteristics. In the present study, total evaporation time and surface temperature variations are investigated for four different liquid films (water, ethanol, n-octane and n-hexane). The evaporation process is analyzed using a three-dimensional spray-wall impact with Lagrangian
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Experimental study of the interaction between bubble and a porous plate At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Ziman Wang, Xiaohu Gu, Jianming Hu, Chia-fon Lee
This paper aims to experimentally investigate the interaction between bubble and a plate with multiple holes. The bubble is generated under the plate by underwater electric discharge method and the top surface of plate is flush with water-air interface. In order to reveal the bubble dynamics and the droplets formation caused by bubble oscillation, the interaction process is recorded by high-speed photography
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Numerical Study of Direct Injection Spray Behavior of Gasoline and Methanol-Gasoline Blends Under Split-Injection Strategy in Engine-Like Conditions At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Ankur Kalwar, Rahul Singh, Quangkhai Pham, Suhan Park, Sungwook Park, Avinash Agarwal
Several studies have shown that the split-injection strategy has improved the shortcomings of the high particulate matter (PM) emissions and cycle-to-cycle variations in homogeneous and strati-fied combustion modes of Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines. However, the spray behav-iour under the split injection strategy is poorly understood. This study uses CFD simulations in Converge software to
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Macroscopic Spray Characteristics of Gasoline, Methanol, and Ethanol in DISI Engine Conditions At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Dhananjay Kumar, Avinash Agarwal
In the last few decades, stringent emission norms have forced the engine research community and OEMs to develop new spark ignition engine technologies, such as variable valve lift, turbocharging, and direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines. For further development, greater control of parameters such as in-cylinder air motion, spray characteristics, injection, and ignition events are required
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Atomization and Mixing of Blended Energetic Ionic Liquid Hydroxyethylhydrazinium Nitrate At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Umakant Swami, Saideep Shinde, Neeraj Kumbhakarna, Arindrajit Chowdhury
Hypergolic propellants are widely used in liquid rocket propulsion. Instantaneous control of combustion, lack of requirement of an ignition system, and storability for long durations are the major advantages of hypergolic propellants. The propellant community is on the lookout for replacements for the currently utilized toxic hydrazine and its derivatives. Energetic hypergolic ionic liquids are excellent
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A Stokes number-based improvement for stochastic dispersion model for large eddy simulation At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Lorenzo Angelilli, Jacopo Liberatori, Pietro Paolo Ciottoli, Riccardo Malpica Galassi, Francisco Emmanuel Hernandez Perez, Mauro Valorani, Hong Im
To improve the fidelity of large eddy simulation (LES) of spray jet dispersion, a dynamic subgrid dispersion model is proposed based on the Langevin-type stochastic framework to quantify the effective contribution of the stochastic component of the force as a function of the Stokes number related to the subgrid time scale, which is easily accessed by the LES closure model. The proposed model has two
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A numerical study of trans/supercritical fuel injection based on a generalized cubic equation of state At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Jie Ma, Hongsheng Liu, Liang Li, Jianxin Huang, Maozhao Xie
Trans/supercritical injection has great potential for improving the formation of combustible gas mixtures and emission performance. In our work, based on the sufficient validation of the current numerical framework, we compared the PR EoS with the RK-PR EoS and applied them to simulate the injection events under trans/supercritical conditions. The effects of different nozzle diameters and chamber conditions
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A numerical study of droplet grouping and its potential control using acoustic standing waves At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Alumah Arad, Visakh Vaikuntanathan, Matthias Ibach, David Katoshevski, J. Barry Greenberg, Bernhard Weigand
In monodisperse droplet streams, the inter-droplet distances can change in a manner that brings pairs or triplets of droplets closer to one another, a process known as grouping. In the advanced stages of this process, droplet pairs can coalesce to form larger droplets. The grouping mechanisms in these droplet streams are not yet fully understood. Potentially, such a process can be controlled by an
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Swirling flow and breakup characteristics at high Reynolds number in a pressure-swirl atomizer for artificial snowmaking At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Peiwen Dong, Bowen Zhang, Guoqiang Liu, Haifeng Wu, Gang Yan, Ruixiang Wang
The pressure-swirl atomizer is used to provide atomized droplets, which is the main atomization component of the snowmaker. The formation of snowflakes is significantly affected by the effective collision between droplets and ice nucleus produced by ice nucleus generator. The collision position moves forward or lags behind, will both deteriorate into the snow quality. Therefore, the flow and breakup
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Obituary for Prof. Norman Chigier At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Günter Brenn, Marcus Herrmann, David Hung
The atomization and sprays research communities from around the world mourn the loss of Professor Norman Chigier. Professor Chigier passed away in Pittsburgh (PA, USA) on August 22, 2022 after a long and serious illness.
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DES and RANS Modeling of Primary Atomization in a Coaxial Swirling Liquid-Gas Jet At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Aniruddha Choudhary, Vagesh D. Narasimhamurthy
This study assesses different turbulence modeling approaches for simulation of two-phase coaxial annular swirling jet flows. The problem selected from literature for comparison involves an analytical inlet profile for an annular liquid sheet sandwiched between two coaxial annular gaseous jets. The liquid-gas interface is resolved using the volume-of-fluid model with continuum surface force approximation
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Experimental and numerical investigation of ducted spray with dual injection strategies At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Zhaojian Wang, Tong Liang, Yuxin Zhang, Ziman Wang
Ducted fuel injection (DFI) is a newly established technology showing great potential in breaking the soot/NOx trade-off. Multiple-injection strategy is also seen as a possible way to reduce soot and NOx emissions simultaneously. However, the applicability of these approaches is not fully understood. The present study investigated the spray characteristics of DFI technology coupled with a dual-injection
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MERGING CONICAL LIQUID SHEETS FROM COAXIAL PRESSURE-SWIRL INJECTORS At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Ali Rastegarkoutenaei, Hojat Ghassemi
The conditions for merging two liquid sheets in a coaxial pressure-swirl external mixing injector were assessed experimentally and numerically. Fast imaging was employed based on the backlighting technique to experimentally investigate the behavior of the exit liquid sheet. The simulation was also carried out using a volume of fluid model considering two-dimensional axisymmetric swirl conditions. Performance
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EFFERVESCENT SUSPENSION SPRAY IN A GASEOUS CROSSFLOW At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Ali Akbarnozari, S. Amiri, C. Moreau, Ali Dolatabadi
A spray of suspension, forms mainly solid particles in a liquid phase from the atomization of two or multiphase flow, mainly solid particles in a liquid phase, and its transport phenomena by a gaseous crossflow have many natural and industrial applications. For example, injection of suspension jet in a high-speed flow is used in the emerging surface engineering process called suspension plasma spray
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INFLUENCE MECHANISM OF STAGNATION-POINT FLOW ON LIQUID-PHASE SPRAY PENETRATION LENGTH UNDER ENGINE-LIKE CONDITIONS At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Dongfang Wang, Ziming Yang, Yikai Li, Chang Cai, Zhongjie Shi
Formulation of liquid-phase spray penetration length (LPL) is one of the basic research works of direct injection (DI) engines. To predict the spray evolution and LPL in the limited space more accurately, the diffused background-illumination extinction imaging (DBI) technology and highspeed schlieren method were employed to detect the liquid- and vapor-phase spray development in a constant volume combustion
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APPLICATION OF DIFFUSE BACKGROUND ILLUMINATION FOR STATISTICAL DESCRIPTION OF A TWIN-FLUID SPRAY At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Kelsey L. Johnson, C. Taber Wanstall, Joshua A. Bittle, Ajay K. Agrawal
Diffuse background illumination (DBI) is applied to analyze a cold, nonevaporating spray from a twin-fluid atomizer at typical atmospheric conditions. The DBI technique presented in this work provides liquid probability across the whole field of the spray to quantify liquid dispersal in the radial and axial directions. The spatial resolution is varied in five incremental steps from 25 to 200 µm/px
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FRAGMENTATION OF WATER DROPS IN COLLISION WITH A SMALL OBSTACLE At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Aleksey Rozhkov, B. Prunet-Foch, A. Fedyushkin, M. Vignes-Adler
The study is dedicated to the general features of the processes of deformation and fragmentation of liquid drops have been studied when they collide with obstacles. Masks and filters, protecting against airborne infections, are among the possible obstacles. Coughing, sneezing, and talking cause the ejection of drops of saliva and bronchial mucus. A local drop-mask or drop-filter collision is modeled
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DOES INTERNAL CONVECTION PROMOTE MICRO-EXPLOSION OF W/O EMULSION DROPLETS? At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Thomas Naudin, Dominique Tarlet, Raffaela Calabria, Patrizio Massoli, Jérôme Bellettre
W/O emulsions are considered as a beneficial alternative to the use of fossil hydrocarbon fuels and not treated vegetable oils. The presence of a dispersed phase composed of water allows to reduce pollutant emissions and also increases combustion efficiency because of the so-called micro-explosion phenomenon. This micro-explosion has a strong stochastic behavior, and its realization depends on several
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STRAIN-RATE WEBER NUMBER AS A LOCAL ATOMIZATION CONDITION IN COMPUTATIONAL PROTOCOL FOR SPRAY FLOW SIMULATIONS At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 J. E. Park, B. Greenlee, T.-W. Lee
Computational simulations of spray flows typically start with bulk liquid flow, bulk-to-droplet conversion algorithm for primary atomization, then tracking of discrete particle motion. The key step is the atomization criterion and subsequent drop size conversion. To facilitate this process, we consider the Weber number, based on strain rate (West), as the local atomization condition in computational
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SIMULATION OF AMMONIA SPRAY UNDER BOTH NORMAL EVAPORATING AND SUPERHEATED CONDITIONS At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Ping Yi, Junwei Fan, Siyu Xie, Tie Li, Min Kuang, Shiyan Li
A predictive three-dimensional Eulerian−Lagrangian framework for ammonia spray is suggested, and its evolution characteristics under both normal evaporating and superheated conditions are unraveled. First, a simplified boundary model considering the effects of superheated fluid behaviors within the nozzle on the injection velocity and angle was proposed. The real vapor−liquid equilibrium theory is
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DOPPLER OPTICAL PROBE FOR DROP SIZE, VELOCITY, AND FLUX MEASUREMENTS IN ASSISTED ATOMIZATION At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 M. Alonzo, A. Lefebvre, Zhujun Huang, S. Gluck, A. Cartellier
For research as well as for process control, reliable drop size, velocity, and flux measurements are desirable in particular in dense, high-speed flows. A new optical probe has been recently manufactured by A2 Photonic Sensors company that combines an accurate phase detection capability (its latency length is small, about 6 µm) with the collection of a Doppler signal that provides the absolute velocity
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MEASUREMENTS OF SINUOUS WAVES ON MECHANICALLY FORCED RADIALLY EXPANDING FREE PLANAR LIQUID SHEETS USING CHROMATIC CONFOCAL MEASUREMENTS At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Alexander Gyurkovich, Carsten Mehring
The chromatic confocal measurement technique is used to investigate the dynamics of radially expanding free liquid sheets generated by liquid jet impingement onto the flat end of a harmonically excited cylinder. Measurements of the sinuous-mode capillary waves are compared to experimental results reported by Bremond et al. (2007) and analytical solutions from two inviscid linear theories: The "aerodynamic
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COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE COLLAPSE MODES UNDER FLASH-BOILING AND NON-FLASH-BOILING CONDITIONS USING A TWO-HOLE GDI INJECTOR At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Yanfei Li, Zijie Zhao, Enhui Xing, Zhongtao Wang, Haijun Hong, Shijin Shuai
Several mechanisms are available for the multi-jet GDI spray collapse under low ambient pressure (≤ 1.0 bar) flash-boiling (LP-FB) and non-flash-boiling (NFB) conditions. The present investigation is to clarify the applicability of the available mechanisms under different thermodynamic states. The tests were carried out in an optically accessible constant volume vessel using a two-hole GDI injector
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INVESTIGATION ON IMPACTS OF ELLIPTICAL DUCTS ON MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DUCTED FUEL INJECTION At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Feng Li, Ziman Wang, Chia-Fon Lee
To study the influence of ducts other than circular shapes on spray characteristics of ducted fuel injection (DFI), experimental and simulation methods were used to study the impacts of elliptical ducts on DFI macroscopic spray characteristics. Two elliptical ducts, small and large, were used, with a circular duct for comparison. The small elliptical duct had the same hole cross-sectional area as the
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REGIMES FOR FLOW-BLURRING AND FLOW-FOCUSING ATOMIZATION OF NEWTONIAN AND NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Othman J. Jaber, Shaocong Dai, Agisilaos Kourmatzis, Assaad R. Masri
This paper presents a detailed mapping of flow-blurring (FB) and flow-focusing (FF) atomization as relevant to Newtonian fluids and non-Newtonian fluids. Two Newtonian fluids with different viscosities are tested, along with a non-Newtonian fluid, where the properties are similar to those of human saliva. Images featuring the fragmentation characteristics are presented with regime diagrams describing
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SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS AND ENERGY ANALYSIS OF N-HEPTANE ATOMIZATION BY HEATED AIR IN A MINI AIR-BLAST ATOMIZER At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Xiaoyu Zhu, Weijuan Yang, Pengsheng Shi, Yong He, Jianzhong Liu, Junhu Zhou
Liquid fuel atomization plays an important role in fuel combustion of gas turbine engines and internal combustion engines. To reveal the interaction of atomizing air temperature (AAT) and air-liquid mass ratio (ALR) during the air-blast atomization process, n-heptane atomization in an air-blast atomizer is carried out experimentally at AAT = 300 K−450 K and ALR = 0.9−2.9. The spray cone angle (φ) presents
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VALIDATION OF A STOCHASTIC BREAKUP MODEL FOR TURBULENT JETS IN HIGH-SPEED CROSSFLOW: ASSESSMENT OF TURBULENT INTERACTIONS AND SENSITIVITY TO BOUNDARY CONDITIONS At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Malika Zghal, Xiaoxiao Sun, Pierre Q. Gauthier, Vishal Sethi
Improving the mixing of fuel and air by injecting a turbulent liquid fuel jet into a high-speed cross-flowing gas can reduce the emissions of gas turbine applications. To facilitate and hasten the development of such low-emissions technologies, accurate predictions of the spray characteristics are needed. The objective of the present study is to validate the predictive capabilities of a stochastic
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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF UNLIKE TRIPLET SPRAYS USING HIGH-MAGNIFICATION SHADOWGRAPHY: INFLUENCE OF THE JETS VELOCITIES AND CENTRAL JET PROPERTIES At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Nicolas Riaud, Bastien Boust, Marc Bellenoue
In this study, inert liquid sprays are generated by impinging two symmetric jets of water with a central jet of water, ethanol, or n-dodecane. This configuration, referred to as an unlike triplet injector, can be used in rocket engines to atomize liquid storable propellants, for instance, hydrogen peroxide oxidizer combined to a fuel. Here, the inert sprays are investigated in the so-called impact
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SPRAY IMPINGEMENT FILM ANALYSIS: CHARACTERISTICS EVALUATION AND CORRESPONDING SIMULATION METHOD At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Shangning Wang, Jingjing Cao, Di Xiao, Shuyi Qiu, Min Xu, Xuesong Li
Spray impingement is a process during which discrete spray droplets contact a solid surface and form a continuous liquid film. To thoroughly understand such a process is challenging due to the complex gas-liquid-solid interaction and coupling. The liquid converts from a continuous phase into discrete droplets, and finally back to the continuous phase again on the plate. On the basis of experimental
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INTERNAL AND NEAR-NOZZLE TRANSIENT FLOW OF A SPILL-RETURN ATOMIZER At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Wassim Harizi, Mohamed Salah Idrissi, Mouldi Chrigui
The present study investigates, numerically, the spill-return atomizer's (SRa) internal flow features within a 3D geometry by the use of a commercial code, ANSYS FLUENT. Experimental measurements, from the literature, are used to validate the numerical results of spray-cone angle (SCA), discharge coefficient (CD), and mass flow rates. The unsteady flow is solved as two-phase flow using the volume of
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MODELING INTERNAL FLOW AND PRIMARY ATOMIZATION IN A SIMPLEX PRESSURE-SWIRL ATOMIZER At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Diego Ferrando, M. Carreres, M. Belmar-Gil, D. Cervelló-Sanz, B. Duret, Julien Reveillon, F. Javier Salvador, Francois-Xavier Demoulin
Numerical simulations of simplex pressure-swirl atomizers can aid their design process toward better atomization. This work aims at studying the two-phase flow at both the internal geometry and the first millimeters of the external domain of such atomizers, where primary breakup takes place. In particular, the atomizer under study has been used in the CORIA Rouen Spray Burner (CRSB) test rig, which
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AXIAL ACOUSTIC VELOCITY INTERACTION WITH HOLLOW CONE LIQUID SHEET IN A SWIRLING FLOW FIELD At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 I. B. Aravind, Rohit Ranjan Bhattacharjee, Satyanarayanan R. Chakravarthy
This experimental investigation concerns the effect of imposed axial acoustic velocity fluctuations on the primary atomization of a hollow cone liquid sheet in the presence of a strong air swirl. The atomization dynamics are elucidated by positioning the spray at an acoustic velocity node, antinode, and a mixed point in the standing wave field generated due to the imposed axial acoustic excitation
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STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF THE PRESENCE OF FUEL VAPOR IN THE SURROUNDING GAS ON THE MIXING CONTROLLED VAPORIZATION OF FUEL SPRAY At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Manas Kumar Pal
In different combustion devices, liquid fuel is injected inside the combustion chamber. The liquid fuel spray atomizes, vaporizes, and mixes with the surrounding gas before combustion. The vaporization rate of the injected fuel is very important because it controls the air-fuel mixing and finally the combustion rate. Similar to droplet vaporization, the concentration of fuel vapor in the surrounding
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DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTION PARAMETERIZATION FOR FLAT FAN SPRAYS OF AGRICULTURAL TANK MIXTURES At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Long H. Nguyen, Ian A. Marabella, Elizabeth R. Alonzi, Christopher J. Hogan, Jr., Steven A. Fredericks
In agricultural spray application of pesticides, the volumetric droplet size distribution (VDSD) critically influences the efficacy of the application as well as the risk of off-target spray deposition. It is critical to have accurate predictions of the VDSD for development of new agrochemicals and spray nozzles. VDSD parameterization and subsequent prediction is complicated in agrochemical sprays
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EFFECT OF NON-AXISYMMETRIC INLET PORTS AND OPERATING CONDITIONS ON DROP DYNAMICS OF AN INTERNAL MIXING ATOMIZER At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Matheus Rover Barbieri, Kerstin Avila, Lydia Achelis, J. Utzig, Henry França Meier, Udo Fritsching
The effect of a non-axisymmetric inlet ports configuration of an internal-mixing twin-fluid atomizer on the spray characteristics is experimentally investigated. Inside the atomizer, two water jets are impinged on each other and are further disrupted by a central gas stream coming from the top. The operating conditions consider the variation of the gas mass flow rate at Reynolds and Weber numbers in
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ELUCIDATION OF INTERNAL FLOW AND ITS EFFECT ON THE JET OF A TWIN-FLUID ATOMIZER FOR GAS TURBINE CROSSFLOW COMBUSTORS At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Wenjing Xing, K. Sato, Keiya Nishida, Youichi Ogata, K. Hashiguchi
Conventional liquid fuel jet injection into a crossflow is widely used for large-scale power generation in gas turbine combustors. The authors proposed a new twin-fluid injection technique as a potential alternative and conducted a series of studies on the internal flow of the atomizer and liquid jet/spray characteristics. In this study, experimental and numerical studies were first performed on internal
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AERATED CIRCULAR AND ELLIPTICAL LIQUID JETS IN A GASEOUS CROSSFLOW At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Sana Shaghaghian, Mehdi Jadidi, Ali Akbarnozari, Ali Dolatabadi
In this study, the atomization of an effervescent atomizer with an elliptical and circular orifice was investigated experimentally in the gaseous crossflow. The shadowgraph technique was used to visualize the near field of the spray atomization. To measure the spray penetration height in crossflow, image processing was performed on the shadowgraph images based on two different approaches: (i) a threshold
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ATOMIZATION CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ANNULAR SHEET WITH INNER AIR IN A SONIC TWIN-FLUID ATOMIZER At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Raghav Sikka, Knut Vågsæther, Dag Bjerketvedt, Joachim Lundberg
This study examines the sonic twin-fluid atomizer based on gas-dynamic effects and atomization behavior with two distinct configurations: converging and converging-diverging (CD) atomizers. The atomization characteristics are compared by employing a 280-μm annular liquid sheet with central core air. CD atomizer exhibited the sheet rupture breakup mechanism, whereas perforated wavy sheet disintegration
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POST PROCESSING METHOD FOR SIMULATED LAGRANGIAN SPRAY FIELD BASED ON MIE SCATTERING THEORY At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Jingjing Cao, Shangning Wang, Shangze Yang, Di Xiao, Xuesong Li, Min Xu
Numerical simulation and experiment are the two main methods in the investigation of spray and atomization. Some crucial parameters of simulation models are supposed to be calibrated using corresponding experimental data. However, direct comparisons between simulation data and experimental results might be confusing when focusing on spray boundaries or penetration, as the light scattering physics during
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Effects of key parameters on viscous hollow cone spray angle and available correlation for spray angle prediction At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Lei Sun, Yong Huang, Zhilin Liu, Wei Xiao, Shaolin Wang
Pressure swirl atomizers are widely applied in daily life and production activities. The spray angle is one of the most important parameters for the pressure swirl atomizers and mainly affects the spatial distribution of sprays and droplets. The quick prediction of the spray angle is important for the design and optimization of a pressure swirl atomizer. In the present study, the effects of length
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Numerical study of the internal flow and primary breakup of internal intersecting-hole nozzles based on OpenFOAM At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Hong Liu, Canxu Liu, Yejun Pan, Ming Jia, Jiangpin Tian
Compared to conventional single cylindrical-hole nozzles, internal intersecting-hole nozzles have been gradually applied in practice due to their high discharge coefficient and significant advantages in promoting jet breakup. In this paper, a numerical study was conducted to evaluate the mechanism of the internal flow and jet breakup of an internal intersecting-hole nozzle. With this aim, a Multi-fluid-Quasi-VOF
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Penetration of Water Spray Droplets Through Wire Meshes At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-01 Khalil Sidawi, Dwight Bouchard, Cristina Boscariol, Sanjeev Chandra
Water was sprayed through a full-cone nozzle with a droplet Sauter mean diameter of 35 µm onto stainless-steel meshes with pore sizes of 178, 457, or 787 µm that were held either horizontally or vertically. The mass flow rate of liquid penetrating the mesh was measured continuously by capturing droplets that passed through pores and weighing them using an analytical balance. High-speed videos were
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Numerical Study on the Effects of Dual-Layer Liquid Sheets Merging on Primary Breakup in Dual-Orifice Nozzles At. Sprays (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Lixin Shen, Hao Su, La Qin, Fei Xing, Shining Chan
Primary breakup during atomization is governed by complex mechanisms and is not well understood. Detailed numerical simulations using the volume-of-fluid method augmented with adaptive mesh refinement techniques were performed to study the formation and disintegration of liquid sheets produced from a dual-orifice pressure-swirl atomizer. The calculated atomization characteristics agree with the experimental