Sulfate erosion is one of the important factors causing the decline of concrete durability, and it is also one of the most environmentally damaging and most influential environmental erosion. In view of the problem that the durability of fiber reinforced concrete decreased due to sulfate attack, according to the natural environmental conditions in western China, the rapid corrosion test of fiber (layered

Gamma-photon and neutron shielding effectiveness of borosilicate glasses with alumina in the chemical structure 40SiO2.10B2O3.xBaO.(45-x)CaO.5Al2O3.yZnO.zMgO glasses: 20≤ x ≤ 40 mol% and y=z=6 wt% were evaluated. The investigated glasses were coded as BCBSA-20B (BaO=20 mol%) to BCBSA-40B (BaO=40 mol%). The results showed that the MAC increased when (BaO) increased in the samples and arranged in order

In this study, a novel crash box idea was presented, including a step by step collapsible structure by joining coaxial tubes with gradual bonding surface areas. This telescopic crash box was absorbed to impact energy by sequentially fracturing adhesive interfaces from the top tube to the back tubes. In each bonding interface fracture, a certain amount of the impact energy was reduced. This gradually

The long-term structural performance of roads is mainly governed by the characteristics of subgrade soil. Subgrades with high compressive clays are one of the challenging aspects worldwide. Expansive soils swell and shrink due to moisture variations. Such variations cause serious structural failures, commercial losses, and fatalities worldwide. One of the most effective and economical methods to improve

Potassium-doped Li3VO4 sample is synthesized by conventional Solid-state reaction technique. X-ray Diffraction results show polycrystalline behaviour of K-doped Li3VO4. It was also observed that Li+ did not show its presence in the diffraction pattern which explains that K+ ions are well substituted in the interstitials and did not disturb the planes of Li3VO4 matrix. Presence of K+ in Li3VO4 matrix

In the world, where natural resources are rapidly decreasing, an activity in which developed and developing countries act with a common mind is the reutilization of the wastes with recycling methods. In the study, cracks and breaks did not occur due to the harmony of the materials in the mixture according to the experimental results applied to wood powder, polypropylene and quartz. As the amount of

Today, with the increasing sensitivity to environmental issues, bio-based materials are needed as an alternative to traditional materials. Rosin is used for bio-material production due to its abundance in nature and being cheap. This study aims to produce bio-epoxy using powdered rosin with enhanced mechanical properties. Powdered rosin was used at 1, 3, 5 wt.% to study the effect of additive ratios

Based on a pseudopotential approach under a modified virtual crystal approximation that includes the alloy disorder effect, the elastic constants and some of their related mechanical properties of AlxIn1-xP ternary semiconducting alloys have been computed. Features such as elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus and Young’s modulus are determined and their composition dependence is examined

Although a technologically interesting characteristic of boriding is the production of a hard, wear-resistant layer on the treated steel parts, thermal residual stresses may leads to the crack formation in both FeB layer and the vicinity of the FeB-Fe2B interface. In this study, thermal residual stress distribution in the borided tool steel without temperature gradients has been investigated systematically

The role of SnO on γ-ray radiation protection characteristics of binary silicate glass samples with the form (100-x)SiO2-xSnO; 40≤ x ≤ 60 mol% was investigated. The density and molar volume of the glasses were determined. The µ/ρ (mass attenuation coefficients in cm2/g) for the investigated glasses were evaluated via XCOM software and MCNP-5 simulation in the energy range of 0.015 – 15 MeV. The obtained

Green composites are a special class of composites in which at least one of the components is obtained from natural resources. They are an alternative to traditional composites because of their useful properties such as biodegradability, low cost, easy processability, sound insulation and recycling. Green composites, which emerge as environmentally friendly polymeric composite materials, offer techno-economic

The cyclic rise and fall of water level in the reservoir will destroy the rock and soil mass of the slope, deterioration its material parameters, cause the uneven settlement of the building foundation, and then cause the structural damage of the upper building.In order to explore the change rule of geotechnical material parameters and the rule and mechanism of structural failure of bank slope buildings

Composite materials obtained with natural and sustainable fibers can be used successfully in many areas on their own. In recent years, high strength fibers such as hemp, sisal, linen, jute, wood sawdust, bamboo are more preferred in composite materials. In this study, the effect of hornbeam sawdust size on the mechanical properties of the polyethylene was investigated. For this purpose, different sizes

The electronic and transport properties of borophene/phosphorene heterojunction are systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The geometrical structures and electronic band structures of monolayer borophene, monolayer phosphorene and heterojunctions with different distances between layers are analyzed. The calculated results show that the band gap can be adjusted by tuning the distance

Zn-type compound Zn2SnO4 is critical in the field of thin-film solar cells and photocatalysis. In this study, a new composite nanomaterial Zn2SnO4/SnO2 was synthesized by high temperature synthesis spray process. The electrochemical properties of the samples were tested. Besides, different ratios of Zn2SnO4/SnO2 nano-heterostructures were synthesized by using the ion exchange method, with Zn2SnO4 nanocrystals

In recent years, polymer/graphene nanocomposites have attracted much attention because of the wide applications in many fields, such as chemistry, physics, materials and electronics. In this review, the preparation methods of the polymer/graphene nanocomposites, including solution blending, melt blending and in-situ polymerization, were presented in order to study the relationship between these methods

The present study reports on iron silicides produced on 31CrMoV9 steel by pack cementation method. Pack siliconizing was carried out using metallic silicon, ammonium chloride and alumina at 1000-1100-1200°C and with varying deposition time of 3-5-7 hours in an open atmospheric furnace. The morphology and structure of silicide layers were analyzed by optical microscope, SEM- EDS. It was observed that

Fly ash is a byproduct , obtained mainly from the Thermal Power Plant (TPP), constituting of SiO2 and Al2O3.Other oxides present in Fly ash (FA) include Fe2O3, CaO, MgO etc.It may also contain some trace elements like As, Zn, Pb , Se ,Ga , Ge and some lesser amount of rare earth elements. The particle size of Fly ash normally ranges from 0.01 to 200 μm. Such variability in particle size distribution

Considering the enduring mechanical behavior of lattice structure and compact part of the bone, an analogy between the samples made of easily find beech wood and the metacarpal bones of the lambs are compared to differentiate the mechanical behaviors moreover to facilitate the beech patterns in various appropriate places via experiments. During the experimental process, five different diameters of

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of recycled coarse and fine aggregates on the resistance to sulfate attack of recycled concrete under wetting-drying cycles. Six groups of different ratios of test with coarse and fine aggregates were designed to determine the dynamic elastic modulus and mass loss of recycled aggregate concrete. The reliability analysis was carried out by Wiener

The use of natural fibers as a substitute for synthetic fibers as reinforcement in polymer based composites is finding prominence nowadays. The present article deals with the comparative study of the biodegradable flexible composites fabricated using jute fabric (J) and rubber (R) with different configurations namely Jute/Rubber/Jute (JRJ), Jute/Rubber/Rubber/Jute (JRRJ) and Jute/Rubber/Jute/Rubber/Jute

Condensate dropout near the wellbore region in gas condensate reservoirs is the main reason for low well deliverability. Here, the gas and condensate phase behavior in this region were investigated to find the conditions for better deliverability. Firstly micro-CT experiments were carried out on a condensate gas system in 4 sandstone rock core samples. However, due to limitations of the experimental

A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that provide better properties than the material used alone. Composite materials can be preferred because of their many advantages, for example they are stronger and lighter compared to conventional materials. Usage of fiber-reinforced composite structures has increased in industries such as automotive, marine transportation

In this study, it was aimed to create a flexible composite material that can be used in special environments where heat and sound insulation is desired. Pumice with a grain size of 4.76-2.38 mm was mixed with 10% -20% -30% 40% and 50% PU by volume. Sound absorption coefficient, sound transmission loss coefficient and thermal conductivity coefficient tests were conducted. Sound absorption coefficient

An AlSi10Mg aluminium casting alloy is infiltrated into porous silicon carbide structures, and the microstructural, mechanical and physical properties of aluminium composites are investigated. Silicon carbide porous structures were formed by the polymeric template sponge replica method. Reticulated and open pore polyurethane sponges with 45, 60 and 80 pores per inch were used for the polymeric replica

In this paper, a composite photocatalyst is prepared by using waste clay bricks to adsorb nano-TiO2, and the decorative concrete surface layer is made by using it. Then, it is found that the reclaimed clay sand (RCA) prepared by building waste clay bricks has poor workability, with the relative strength between 40% and 80%, but can meet the strength requirements of ordinary building mortar. Compared

The critical gas flow is widely used to judge the loading status of vertical gas wells. Though it could demonstrate the carrying ability of gas flow, it can not quantify how much liquid it can remove and it does not take into account of the fact that the liquid-carrying ability of gas flow is limited in theory. In fact, the gas wells still load even if the gas producing rate is larger than the critical

The wear behavior of AA6063 matrix composite reinforced with different weight percentages of TiC particles by the in-situ reaction route was studied. Hardness and wear rate of the composite samples were analyzed by using hardness tester and pin on disc wear tester. The dry sliding wear behavior of the composites was investigated based on Taguchi L16 orthogonal array experimental design. The significance

Thin film solar cells, based on CIGS and perovskites, continue to enhance their market share as promising energy conversion devices for indoor and outdoor applications. Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) has been known for its high absorption coefficient, tunable band gap and flexibility. Nevertheless, the use of toxic, regulated elements (Cd) and reliance on rare elements creates a huge barrier

The deterioration of engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) incorporating ultra high volume fly ash (FA) under coupled action of freeze-thaw cycles (F-T) and sulfate attack is explored in this paper. Three mixes, fly ash to cement ratio of 1.2 (FA1.2), 1.8 (FA1.8) and 2.4 (FA2.4) were investigated. ECC specimens were subjected to freeze-thaw cycles under 10% sodium sulfate solution and 10% magnesium

In this study, a new Centre-Oriented Clustering Algorithm (CCP) which provides self-clustering of the network by using a method similar to the center-biased clustering method of k-means algorithm is presented and differs from literature in this respect. Proposed algorithm is compared with LEACH because it uses similar techniques as it aims to self-organize irregular distributed networks. In the experimental

The use of aluminum alloy substances has been analyzed in this paper in order to obtain a lighter and less costly winding design without dimensional changes in the electrical machines. The determination of aluminum alloy winding material, which electrical conductivity is close to copper but has a lower density, is the basis of this study. In this context, various aluminum alloy substances have been

In present study, the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy was coated with Stellite-1 powder by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) coating method and surface coatings were done at different heat inputs and spray distances. The cross-sections of the microscope (SEM). The phase compositions and phases formed on coating layers were found by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD)

Conventional metal materials are used in every field in industrial applications, but contemporary requirements such as high vibration dampening, metal materials are unfortunately not sufficient. Also necessities of the time requirements as energy safe, environmental factors and carbon footprint increases the importance of composite materials in the industry today. On the other hand vibration is one

Nowadays, parallel to the increasing use of nuclear technology, radiation protection becomes an important issue. The use of materials, such as lead, has become standard for protection from radiation. Improving the radiation attenuation properties of new types of materials has become more essential. In this study, the shielding properties of panels containing boron waste (borogypsum) which produced

Wireless sensors (Node) are devices with a built-in battery, sensor and communication unit. Wireless sensor network (WSN) are structures that are formed by multiple nodes coming together to transmit the data they collect to each other to the base station. Significant work has been done on WSN in recent years. One of the important issues that these studies focus on is increasing the energy efficiency

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a new 3D printing technology capable of directly manufacturing metal end products and near-end products. Currently, the processing of Ni-based alloy powders by SLM technology have not been reported yet. For this consideration, this paper lays the foundation for developing relevant SLM technology by experimenting with GH4169 Ni-based alloy powders using an LWY400P laser

The use of lightweight, functional, and eco-friendly building materials can reduce energy consumption and pollution levels. Aluminum alloys with low density, high specific strength, excellent functional properties, and 100% recyclability make excellent building materials. Lightweight structures are crucial for safety, especially for mitigating losses during natural disasters. Lightweight structures

In the present study, boron carbide (B4C) and boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles combined in equal proportions and reinforced into aluminium 7010 alloy with 0–2.5 wt.% nanoparticles in intervals of 0.5 wt.% were prepared using the ultrasonically assisted stir-casting technique. Microstructural characterisation of the composites was carried out by using a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray diffractometer

Graphene is a (2 + 1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamic system. The carriers have a vanishing mass and a relativistic velocity of 106 m/s, obeying charge-conjugate parity time symmetry. Graphene exhibits the Klein paradox, due to which, through spatial confinement, a bandgap can be opened in zigzag graphene nanoribbons for logic applications. The high Debye temperature of 2800 K ensures that phonons

The influence of multiple factors – namely, cement type, cement strength grade, cement content and water–binder ratio – on the basic performance, including the slump and early compressive strength, of basic magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) cement (BMSC) concrete was researched. In addition, multiple non-linear regression models of the basic performance of BMSC considering the raw materials and mix proportions

Achieving good material removal rate (MRR) along with better surface roughness is a challenging task for the present machining industry. The present study proposes Taguchi-method-based multiple-response grey relational analysis to find the optimal combination of machining parameters for maximum MRR and minimum surface roughness (R a) in wire electro-discharge machining (WEDM) of EN 47 spring steel

Ni-based catalysts supported by different active carbons were prepared and used for vapor phase carbonylation of ethanol. Microstructural properties of carbon supports were well investigated by physical adsorption of nitrogen, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectrometry, Boehm titration and scanning electron microscopy. Catalytic activities of Ni/C catalysts were also studied. The results

In order to improve the durability of coral aggregate seawater concrete (CASC) structures, the influences of exposure time, concrete strength, concrete cover thickness, steel type and inhibitor addition method on the steel corrosion behavior of CASC were investigated and the law of steel corrosion in CASC was obtained. This showed that the steel anticorrosion capacity of CASC structures in the marine

The interaction of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with polymeric nano- and microcarriers has attracted significant attention in the studies on DNA diagnostic assays, DNA isolation and particularly gene delivery and cancer therapy agents. Therefore, in this study, plain poly(glycerol dimethacrylate) (poly(GDMA)) and poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-grafted poly(GDMA) microgel particles were synthesized

Eighteen years ago, the automotive industry started using the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) process in joining of metallic parts. The popularity of this welding process enlarged every year. In this study aluminum 1020 sheets of 2 mm thickness were joined with the FSSW process. The effects of FSSW parameters (plunge depth, tool rotation speed and dwell time) on the mechanical properties of weldments

To investigate the durability of magnesium oxychloride-coated reinforced concrete (MOCRC) and the deviation from the natural corrosion process of the electrified accelerated corrosion test in reinforced concrete. We used the electrified accelerated corrosion test with saline soil as an electrolyte. A quality test, dynamic elastic modulus test, crack-width test, electrochemical performance test and

The abundance and the versatility of the cellulose structure based on the route of modification have attracted many researchers in the scientific community. Cellulose can be taken from many natural sources, but the largest source of natural cellulose is plant parts. Chemically treated cellulose can show properties that are not displayed by untreated natural cellulose. In this study, cellulose was treated

The main objective of the current experimental work is to determine the mechanical properties of borassus fruit fiber (BFF)-based composites and compare the mechanical performance of composites fabricated with different chemically treated BFF. The BFF was treated with (a) sodium hydroxide (NaOH), (b) benzoyl chloride (C6H5COCL), and (c) acetyl chloride (CH3COCL) and compared the surface morphology

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite has received extensive attention in aerospace, weapon equipment, communications electronics, transportation and other fields. The improved compression molding process is one of the most advantageous processes for preparing CFRP composite. It is important to understand the effects of molding process parameters, especially temperature parameters, on the

The microstructure and performances of GH4169 Ni-based alloy were studied after adding rhenium (Re) and wolfram (W) elements and then conducting heat treatment. The alloy containing Re element showed less δ phase after heat treatment. For both alloys containing W element and the GH4169 alloy without any element, δ phase and rectangular carbide were all precipitated after the heat treatment. The creep

The influences of hybrid particles SiC and Al3Ti on the micromorphology, density, porosity, hardness as well as wear properties for the hybrid 7075 aluminum composites fabricated via stir casting method were examined. In the case of the fixed addition of Ti to the hybrid 7075 material, the results show that the particle size of in-situ formed alloy Al3Ti decreases gradually with the increase of the

CuIn1−xGaxSe2 (CIGS) thin-film has examined as an absorber layer for the solar cells because of the suitable absorption value, stability and economic in manufacture. CIGS thin films belong to the I-III-VI2 group of the periodic table with the appropriate direct bandgap (1.5 eV). In this study, the CIGS thin films were annealed at ∼200°C for four different annealing times durations (15, 30, 45 and 60 min)

This experimental and statistical study focuses on investigation of effects of machining parameters on surface roughness (SR) and material removal rate (MRR) in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) of hard copper alloy. Experimental design was carried out using L18 (21x32) orthogonal array according to Taguchi method. Process parameters were considered as wire type, pulse time, and duration between

CdS thin films were produced using the chemical bath deposition method with thiourea as the source of S. 2.4 mmol CdCl2, 0.15 mol KOH, and 0.16 mol NH4NO3 were dissolved in 100 ml deionized water. Thiourea was added to the final solution at intervals of zero, 1.5, three, six and nine minutes. The effects of delaying the addition of thiourea were investigated. The optical properties of CdS thin films

Fusarium stalk rot (FSR) caused by Fusarium verticillioides (=moniliforme) significantly affects the productivity of maize (Zea mays L.). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Trichoderma harzianum, mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus spp.) Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis for biocontrol poterntial of FSR using dual culture bioassays and greenhouse bioassays on maize. As a result, Trichoderma

The control of nanostructured ZnO materials is essential for the development of smart and functional nanoscale devices. Using controlled hydrothermal growth conditions, Co and Gd co-doped ZnO hexagonal nanocrystals were synthesized at low temperature (70°C). The role of hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) in engineering pure and doped ZnO morphology was examined. The results indicated that the hexagonal