To gain insight into bio-inspired mineralisation processes that may be directed or influenced by the protein coat of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), microscopic studies are crucial. The authors elucidate key steps towards the understanding of the mineralisation mechanism by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging of the organic/inorganic interfaces. Wild-type TMV and mutants with distinct

In this study, chitosan nanoparticles containing atorvastatin calcium were prepared using the nanospray-drying method to be used in the local treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. The main focus was to investigate the effect of the molecular weight and concentration of the polymer, the concentration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and the diameter of the spray nozzle (4·0, 5·5 and 7·0 μm)

In this study, chitosan was employed as a novel biomimetic mineralization model to repair damaged enamel to compare its performance with that of bioinspired zinc-doped nanohydroxyapatite. Fifty human premolar tooth slices were prepared, and artificial caries lesions were induced to produce demineralized enamel surfaces. The etched slices were randomly divided into two groups: a chitosan-hydrogel-treated

Nanotechnology describes precision manufacturing of materials at the nano scale. Nanotechnology has a vast range of applications, such as medicines, electronics, biomaterials and energy production. The present research work is a green eco-friendly approach to the production of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) by using the plant extract of Cannabis sativa. The appearance of a ruby-red color from a greenish

The effect of exposure to 0·1 Hz–0·1 kHz pulsed magnetic fields on models of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells was investigated. The possible alterations in the electrical characteristics of dead and alive bacteria cells were monitored by using dielectric spectroscopy. The dielectric dispersions of cells were obtained over the range 42 Hz–8 MHz by measuring their dielectric permittivity

Nacre has been considered as one of the most important models for the development of hard bioinspired materials. This aragonite-based layered structure has been extensively studied because of its excellent mechanical properties, superior to those of monolithic aragonite. Calcite-based seashells have received less attention, as they display lower hardness and Young’s modulus. However, layered calcitic

Biomineralized tissue is considered the final product of successful cell culture in bone tissue engineering. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with fetal bovine serum (FBS) not only is used as a common culture medium but also provides a natural biomineralization environment, due to having similar ionic concentrations as blood plasma. Here, poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with incorporated biphasic

The present work develops an eco-friendly protocol that was adopted to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the aqueous extract of Corchorus depressus collected in three different seasons. Visually, the formation of AgNPs was confirmed by the change in the color of extracts to reddish brown and the AgNPs were further characterized by ultraviolet–visible studies of the absorption band at 435–450 nm

Green biogenic nanoparticles have medicinal applications. The aim of this study was to use silver nitrate solution to carry out plant-mediated synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (AgNPs) in aqueous extracts of Bistorta affinis and Malcolmia cabulica. The purpose of using the aqueous medium was for it to act as a reducing agent, as well as a capping agent. The synthesized AgNPs were confirmed through

In this paper, preparation and characterization of a nanofibrous scaffold comprising both chitosan (CS) and gum tragacanth (GT) are reported for the first time. CS and GT were separately blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and simultaneously electrospun by a double-nozzle electrospinning apparatus, and the resulting nanofibrous mats were compared with CS/PVA and GT/PVA electrospun ones. Scanning

Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a bioinspired improvement method of granular soils, as it can significantly affect their engineering characteristics. In fact, calcite nanoparticles produced through MICP increase the angle of internal friction and cohesion intercept of granular soils. As a consequence, the shear strength values of granular soils are improved following the increase

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels become muddy while used in artificial corneas. To enhance the antifouling property of PVA hydrogels, a PVA hydrogel was grafted with chondroitin sulfate (CdS) through a two-step reaction in this work. The surface chemical compositions, surface morphology and thermal property of the hydrogel were characterized by attenuated total reflectance FTIR, X-ray photoelectron

This work explored a facile way to fabricate superhydrophobic and antireflective polymer surfaces using Canna indica flower petals. A simple, inexpensive two-step soft-lithography technique was employed to replicate the surface structures of C. indica flower petals onto two different polymer surfaces namely, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) — a hydrophobic polymer and resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) xerogel

When vigorous goats are running and jumping, their leg bones play a crucial role in dynamic loading. The hierarchical structure of diverse tissues at different length scales is commonly used to account for the superior mechanical properties of bone. Yet, how the goat tibia achieves its remarkable function remains mostly unknown. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to image the multi-scale microstructure