Nowadays in industrialised countries, human beings spend 80–90% of their time indoors. Under these conditions the light, the colours, ie the perceived image, differs considerably from the outdoors. But this also influences the NIF (non‐image‐forming) effects on our nervous system, such as regulation of the circadian rhythm and other physiological effects. The risks to health arising from NIF effects

A new group of azo disperse dyes prepared by the Ugi four‐component reaction were used to dye polyurethane fibres. It was found that all the new dyes showed excellent fastness properties. One of the new dyes was selected to investigate the adsorption properties on polyurethane fibres, including the dyeing rate, adsorption isotherm, surface adsorption state, colour characteristics and colour fastness

Colours in cultural heritage are not only means of expression, but also materials with physical and chemical properties. Since the beginning of the current century, colorimetry has become a fundamental field aiming at restoring, preserving and valorising the art works. There are different colorimetric applications in cultural heritage (eg, from light design to digitisation and modelling), and the variety

Computational materials design aims at designing, simulating and predicting innovative materials. This paper reviews a few open challenges in the domain of computational materials design related to the colour appearance of materials. These relatively recent fields of research necessitate revisiting the fundamentals of colorimetry, such as reflectance models. First, we address the virtual design and

This article investigates reacting potassium salts of phosphorous‐containing acids in the presence of urea with cotton cellulose under thermosol conditions (pH 5, 185 °C) to esterify the cellulose and produce a flame‐retardant effect. Attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed chemical modification of the cotton cellulose, where only the phosphite salt

Colour deficiency or, colloquially, colour blindness, is common and has been observed and described in the scientific literature for ca. 200 years. In more recent times, algorithms have been developed that simulate the effect of colour deficiency to a colour‐normal observer. Sometimes these algorithms are used to indicate potential problems in the colour design, but often the implicit assumption is

This paper presents a critical overview of some of the uses, misuses and open problems in colour measurement, characterisation and reproduction. A series of ground truths, pitfalls and open problems regarding colorimetry and its relationship with human colour vision is presented.

In this paper, a novel feature‐based attention network with sequential information is proposed for fabric defect detection. As an important part of the textiles industry, fabric quality inspection needs to be automated in the latest wave of intelligent transformation. To this end, fabric defect detection algorithms have been widely studied. In this paper, an efficient defect detection model for fabrics

Basic design is the origin of many design‐related fields and covers different concepts such as pattern, colour, texture and relief. Because colour is rarely seen as a uniformly plain element, current research embraces colour and texture as equally important variables. Investigations consider the association of colour and texture in terms of preference. One hundred individuals trained in design, as

In this research study, the applicability of polycaprolactone‐silicon dioxide and polycaprolactone‐zinc oxide coatings used as primers on papers for offset printing, was analysed. Polycaprolactone nanocomposites with different concentrations of nanoparticles were prepared and coated onto three types of papers: uncoated, low‐coated and gloss. The main aim was to analyse the influence of the nanoparticle

We have developed a simple and valuable method for the construction of a colorimetric chemosensor for detecting Mn(ii) in aqueous media. The chemosensor was prepared by mixing two commercial products, an anionic organic dye, 2‐(5‐nitro‐2‐pyridylazo)‐5‐(N‐propyl‐N‐sulphopropylamino)phenol (Nitro‐PAPS) and a cationic polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). Upon gradual addition

A water‐applicable hexamethylbenzene (HMB) chemosensor, (E)‐2‐((2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzylidene)amino)benzamide, displayed a selective colour change from colourless to yellow in the existence of copper ions. The detection limit was computed as 1.57 μmol/L, which is substantially lower than the World Health Organisation guideline (31.5 μmol/L) for copper ions. Probe HMB could also sense and quantify

The term “colour constancy” denotes the human capability to recognise an object as the same entity even if its colours change due to illumination. Implementing such a human capability is highly desirable in computer vision to retrieve, detect, recognise and track objects regardless of the illumination. Many efforts have been made in this direction, leading to several “machine colour constancy” (MCC)

Film restoration is a complex and multidisciplinary field that requires the collaboration of many professionals. Here, we present a series of ongoing unresolved problems, focusing on digitisation, digital restoration and conservation.

Models in colour engineering can have implicit customary usage, outside of whose parameters one is not supposed to venture. CIELAB is one such model: although able to accommodate a prediction of asymmetric matches, CIELAB is used in practice to compare colours only for a given illuminant/observer condition. Should we therefore deem CIELAB to be an infinity of spaces, one for each illuminant/observer

The Monte Carlo method provides a simple yet powerful and flexible tool for simulation of complex or random systems. This paper contains an overview of the theory behind the method and some simple examples to illustrate its implementation to model the refinement of patterns on the camouflaged surface. The objective is to provide an introduction to the method and to present a useful tool for solving

Plant‐derived 3‐deoxyanthocyanidins are photochromic materials that are coloured under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and decoloured under light‐shielded storage. In this study, the optimised solvent composition is investigated to enhance the photochromic performance of luteolinidin, a 3‐deoxyanthocyanidin derivative. The visible absorbance ratio between the solution after UV irradiation and after storage

Electrospun nanofibrous mats are popular for their wide technological applications as medical, filtration, sensing and high performance textiles. The potential for coloration of electrospun nanofibrous mats for aesthetic purposes has also been explored recently, and the pigment coloration of cellulose electrospun nanofibrous mats is reported for the first time in this paper. Cellulose acetate electrospun

Qiushui Zhang | Wei Xiong | Shufen Zhang | Wei Ma | Bingtao Tang Coloration Technology 135, 336–348 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12424 Subsequent to the publication of this article,1 the authors have provided additional information that should have been included in section 2.5.1 as follows: "The orange and red reactive dyes (KM‐OR1, KM‐OR2, KM‐OR3, KM‐HOR, KM‐O1, KM‐O2, KM‐O3, KM‐HO, K‐R1,

Four common oxidants, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium percarbonate (SPC), sodium perborate (SPB) and sodium persulphate (SPS), were activated with tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) to degrade an azo dye, CI Reactive Red 195, in water, for building a novel and rapid oxidative system comprising the merits of cost‐effectiveness and high sustainability. Elevated temperature and high pH level

A coumarin‐based fluorescent probe containing both acrylate moiety and an allyl substituent was developed for distinguishing cysteine from homocysteine. The maximum absorption wavelength of the probe showed a bathochromic shift upon addition of cysteine and the colour changed from colourless to yellow. The maximum fluorescence emission at 462 nm of the probe was dramatically enhanced upon addition

The relatively high heat stability of commercial easy‐care chemicals for cotton allows for greater flexibility in garment manufacturing, in particular the delayed curing of durable press, wrinkle‐resistant, shrink‐resist (SR) finishes on garments. Typically, the technology involves application of the wet chemical finish to the open width fabric, drying, storage, garment manufacture, heat pressing of

Functional polymer modified carbon black (CB) pigment (P‐(DMC‐co‐CHPMA)‐g‐MPTS/CB) with reactive epoxy and quaternary ammonium groups was designed and prepared via a thiol‐ene click chemistry reaction, and its dispersion ability in the aqueous phase, as well as its colouring and anti‐bacterial properties for cotton fabrics, were investigated. In considering both dispersion ability and reactive ability

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the first melt‐processable, renewable, sustainable and biodegradable natural‐based synthetic fibre. It has a broad range of uses and combines ecological advantages with outstanding performance in textiles. PLA fibre, as an aliphatic polyester, can be dyed with disperse dyes. Apart from the limited number of commercial disperse dyes, disperse dye exhaustion on PLA is generally

Supercritical fluid dyeing is a promising technology that was first proposed in the 1980s to overcome the high energy demand and water consumption of conventional textile coloration. This review covers its advances from 2014 to the present, from the successful industrial implementation of supercritical fluid dyeing of polyethylene terephthalate to the most recent results obtained for the dyeing of

Due to the hazardous impact of ultraviolet (UV) light, textiles with UV‐protective properties are in great demand. This paper is related to the equipment of polyester textiles, with three different organic and water‐insoluble UV absorbers containing a cinnamate basic structure. To apply the UV absorbers from water‐based recipes, they are combined with polyethylene glycol PEG200 and different dispersing

Acid dyes are employed for commercially dyeing silk, which results in ionic bonds between the silk fibroin and the dye. This generally leads to low wet fastness properties for dyed silk fabrics. In this work, three commercial acid dyes with aromatic primary amine structures were selected to dye silk using a Mannich‐type reaction, resulting in improved wet fastness of dyed silk by forming covalent bonds

Existing structural coloration methods using thin films, commonly implemented in high‐purity aluminium, produce colours which are highly dependent on the viewing angle because of the inherent angular dependence of thin film interference. Adapting the thin film coloration mechanism to anodisation of industrial‐quality aluminium alloys, which scatter light more efficiently than their high‐purity counterparts

Novel polyvinylamine dyes were designed and synthesised from poly(N‐vinylformamide‐co‐vinylamine) and reactive dyes, then used to dye cotton fibres by the dip‐pad‐steam process, with the dyeing methods being examined in detail. Each polyvinylamine dye was fixed to cotton without a crosslinking agent through covalent bonds formed between the reactive group of the dye and the cotton fibres. A fixation

The aim of this research study was to optimise the process parameters of Alpaca wool hand‐knitted samples screen‐printing with Juglans regia natural dye and to set the optimal conditions regarding colour yield, colour fastness and colouristic properties of printed samples. An extensive preliminary examination of the Alpaca woollen yarn and hand‐knitted samples characteristics, the characteristics of

This paper presents the application of conventional potassium aluminium sulphate wool mordanting and a biochemical method with silver nitrate (as antimicrobial agent and mordant), alone and in combination with oxygen plasma, as part of comprehensive research into pretreatment processes for wool dyeing with natural extract from pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.). Pretreatment with oxygen plasma significantly

The colours and patterns of coloured textiles are usually obtained via dyeing or printing processes. However, these processes consume large amounts of electricity and cause water pollution, which affects the ecological environment. The hand feel of dyed fabrics is superior to that of printed fabrics. Three‐channel rotor spinning is a highly flexible, adaptable and sustainable method for producing coloured

The aim of this study was to examine the use of liposome in the dyeing of wool and mohair fibres with acid dyestuffs. Soybean lecithin and cholesterol were used to form the liposome membrane utilised in the dyebath. Liposome production was performed according to the thin lipid layer method (Bangham Method) using a rotary evaporator. Two different forms of liposome were used for dyeing wool and mohair

This study reviews the evolution of and recent developments in non‐aqueous reactive dyeing systems for cotton fibre. As conventional water‐based reactive dyeing causes adverse effects to the environment because of the need for huge quantities of water and chemicals, as well as generating a substantial amount of effluents, one of the alternative ways to alleviate pressure on the environment is to switch

The aim of this study was to implement a two‐dimensional colour appearance model for prediction of the colour values of weft threads when the optical mixing of a two‐colour woven structure had to match the colour appearance of a single‐colour reference woven fabric. Five single‐colour woven fabrics were woven from five threads of similar hue. One of the samples was chosen as a reference, for which

Sulphur‐dyed cellulosic textiles are susceptible to washing powders containing activated peracid formulations resulting in obvious fading during repeated laundering. This study presents a novel one‐bath/two‐stage exhaust finishing process to improve the oxidative wash fastness of CI Leuco Sulphur Black 1‐dyed cotton fabric. The effect of the combined Tinofix ECO and Bayprotect Cl after‐treatment was

We report here the synthesis and characterisation of a new medium‐reactivity reactive dye containing 2‐sulphophenoxy‐4‐chloro‐s‐triazine, having enhanced the activity of the chlorine atom for further substitution by the functional groups carried by wool fibre. In addition, a dichloro‐s‐triazine dye was also synthesised for the purpose of comparison. The progress of synthesis reactions and purity of

Colour management is ubiquitous in the digital world. However, despite the many advances in colour management over the last couple of decades, it remains an imperfect process. In the art and design community there is often a level of dissatisfaction and deep cynicism about colour management that can lead to lac of engagement with the process. This research explores colour management in a design context

Aquaculture, which is an important part of food supply, is usually carried out in cage nets made of textile materials. Fouling organisms settle on the cage nets over time, close the mesh openings, and cause unwanted weight gain. In order to prevent fouling, aquaculture nets are generally treated with antifouling paints. In this paper, warp knitted cage nets made from various raw materials were treated

This research study focuses on the application of conductive ink by the screen printing technique to evaluate the potential of creating printed electrodes and to investigate the effect of washing upon electrical resistance and flexibility. Two conductive inks were applied by a conventional screen printing method on four different textile substrates, 100% cotton, 50%/50% cotton/polyester, 100% polyester

The colour shade quality control scenario is ubiquitous within the cosmetic hair colouring industry. Visual inspection is nowadays the go‐to standard for the evaluation of dye application outcomes, even although the increased availability of easily operated spectrophotometers has favoured the introduction of colorimeters in the manufacturing process. Human hairs, however, are very efficient scatterers

Disperse dyes are not currently applied to wool commercially, in large part because of inadequate wash fastness, but they do have potential, especially for wool‐polyester blends. In this study, for the first time hydrogen peroxide was investigated to increase the wash fastness of disperse dyes on wool. In the absence of oxidants, 10 disperse dyes from seven classes imparted colours with a range of

In this study, cotton fabric and nylon fabric were dyed with a range of commercial sulphur dyes and the light and wash fastness of the coloured fabrics was investigated. The effect of after‐treating the coloured cotton and nylon fabrics with a tannin‐based commercial product, Bayprotect Cl, in the presence or absence of sodium sulphate in the treatment bath, was found to significantly improve the light

Monodisperse latex nanospheres of poly(styrene‐methyl methacrylate‐acrylic acid) with different sizes were synthetised by soap‐free emulsion copolymerisation and applied onto polyamide 6,6 fabrics by two methods, ie, gravitational sedimentation and dip‐drawing. Different‐sized nanospheres were synthetised by varying temperature and stirring velocity as reaction parameters. Scanning electron microscopy

Chloropyrimidine‐based reactive dyes are reported as well suited to textile printing; however, nucleophilic aromatic substitution of chloropyrimidines with amino‐containing chromophores is slow and often suffers from poor yields. In this study, a novel and simple method was developed for the synthesis of chloropyrimidine‐based reactive dye under microwave irradiation. In addition, the dye was also

A semi‐quantitative study of willow bark dye adsorption on two different cellulose materials using biomordants was carried out. The studied celluloses were microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) AaltoCell and regenerated Ioncell‐F (IC) fibres. The dye was a hot water extract of willow bark and the adsorption to cellulose was carried out using carboxylic acid‐containing biomordants, namely, oxalic acid, citric

Biodegradable polybutylene succinate (PBS) fibre is a new type of textile fibre, but its application in the textile industry is limited by the lack of related dyeing methods. In this study, the solubility parameters of PBS fibres are calculated, and solvent dyes with similar solubility parameters are proposed to dye PBS fibres to show that the dyeing scheme creatively resolves the difficulty in dyeing

A fluorescent probe based on a simple coumarin derivative could recognise mercury ions (Hg(ii)) and thiols selectively in aqueous solution. The addition of Hg(ii) induced a blue shift of the fluorescence emission band of the probe while the fluorescence was almost quenched by the addition of p‐toluenethiol or cysteine (Cys). The detection limit of the probe towards Hg(ii) and Cys was 8 µmol/L. The

Dyes are an important component of drop‐on‐demand ink‐jet inks and are commonly used in desktop printers. While they offer bright, vivid colour, these dyes exhibit poor light and water fastness. To combat this, researchers have started using pigmented ink‐jet inks instead of dye‐based inks to improve light and water fastness, but the pigments are insoluble in ink vehicles. To use pigments, dispersants

This paper is concerned with the quality of lines and disperse ink in printing patterns on different untreated polyester fabric constructions. The lines running in the weft and warp directions were printed on polyester fabric constructions, and printing accuracy was assessed. Ink spreading is one of the important factors that influences the ink distribution. Thus, in order to acquire satisfactory ink‐jet

This study aimed to determine the effect of accelerated weathering on gloss, surface hardness and colour changes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Test samples were impregnated with Adolit KD‐5, Wolmanit CX‐8 and Celcure AC‐500 covered with cellulosic and polyurethane varnishes. The results showed that the values of surface hardness and gloss increased after accelerated weathering. While the surface

Both the dyeing and finishing of textiles with natural compounds are gaining increasing attention because of various environmental and health problems associated with the use of synthetic reagents. In this study, wool fibres were dyed with three natural dyes, namely, Arnebia euchroma, cotton pods and harmal seeds. Alum was used as the mordant, and samples were mordanted by the premordanting method

In this study, a hemicyanine dye, trans‐4‐(4‐(diethylamino)styryl)‐1‐ethylpyridinium bromide (DYE‐BD), was synthesised and simulated. The maximum absorption wavelength of DYE‐BD was calculated with the same basis set by using the Gaussian 09 software based on different methods, while time‐dependent density functional theory was applied to simulate the maximum emission wavelength of the designed dye

In this study, the objective was to ensure anti‐bacterial properties for originally coloured wools with naturally sourced garlic stem extracts. In addition, zinc chloride‐based treatment was also carried out. The aim was to retain the original colours of the wool fibres during these treatments. The effects of both treatments were evaluated in terms of colour changes in the wool fibres. It was found

To improve the properties of titanium dioxide particles and realise their firm anchorage in blue light curing film, three modified titanium dioxide particles were prepared by grafting 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane. The surface changes of titanium dioxide particles after modification were characterised. The dispersion stability, photo‐polymerisation

Sulphonamide motifs are widely found in many drug candidates with relevant biological activity. Moreover, sulphonamide azo dyes are interesting candidates for synthetic chemists because such dyes provide access to a broad range of functional group transformations. Therefore, many synthetic procedures for the preparation of sulphonamide azo dyes have been developed in recent decades, and the search

The sensing properties of dyes based on 2(1H) quinolones containing dicyanoethylene groups towards selected anions such as CN−, F−, I−, Cl−, SCN−, CH3COO−, and were evaluated. The spectroscopic responses of these compounds were investigated in a solution of acetonitrile/water (1:9, v/v) and phosphate buffer at a pH of 7.4. These dyes were found to act as efficient colorimetric and high turn–off fluorescent

Polyurethanes represent one of the most frequently used polymeric matrixes in composites. Although there have been many studies focused on the weather resistance of polyurethanes, this important property is unheeded during the reinforcing phase. In this article, the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the changes in optical properties of commercially available glass fibre reinforcements containing

The aim of this study was to investigate the decolorisation effect of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on knitted fabrics dyed with reactive dyes under different processing parameters, ie, air concentration, treatment duration and water content. The fabrics were dyed with reactive dye of a blue colour, and the colour depths were 0.5%, 1.5% and 3.0% on weight of fabric. The colour properties of

When textile substrates biodegrade in landfills, the fate of textile colorants is unknown, and potentially poses an ecotoxic threat. In this study, we developed a systematic analytical method to evaluate the biodegradation of reactive dyes, the most common class of dye applied to cotton fabrics. The cotton fabrics were dyed with CI Reactive Blue 19 and biodegraded in soil in a laboratory‐controlled