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Statement of Retraction: The effect of laminar cooling heat transfer coefficient on the temperature field of steel plate Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-08
Published in Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Processes, Products and Applications (Ahead of Print, 2024)
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Steel World Editorial 50.10 Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 N. McPherson
Published in Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Processes, Products and Applications (Vol. 50, No. 10, 2023)
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Numerical study on a new swirling flow pocket brick for tundish upper nozzle during continuous casting of steel Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Xufeng Qin, Changgui Cheng, Yang Li, Chunming Zhang, Yan Jin
In this study, a new, simple-structured swirling flow pocket brick (SFPB) equipped on the upper nozzle of a tundish is proposed. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effect of the...
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Effect of coke reactivity on reduction behaviours and non-isothermal kinetics of sinter at 1173–1373 K Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Ruijun Yan, Zhenggen Liu, Mansheng Chu, Peijun Liu, Shuai Dang, Ninghui Li, Xiufeng Li
Utilizing high-reactivity coke is a critical approach for low-carbon iron-making. In this study, we investigated the effect of coke reactivity on reduction behavior and non-isothermal kinetics of s...
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Motion behaviour of solid inclusions at the steel–slag interface in high-Al steel Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-29 Jixuan Zhao, Hangyu Zhu, Lingen Luo, Ji Chen, Zhihao Zheng
In the steelmaking process of high-Al steel, solid inclusions will accumulate in the slag phase near the steel–slag interface, and it is crucial to eliminate the residual Al-containing inclusions i...
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Designing mould fluxes to prevent longitudinal cracking for peritectic steel slab casting Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Jeferson L. Klug, Samuel L. S. Medeiros, Kelley T. Matos, Carlos A. Azevedo, Edson A. Maranhão, José A. C. Ferreira
During continuous casting of hypo-peritectic steel slabs, control of horizontal heat transfer rate in mould is important to avoid longitudinal cracks. This rate can be manipulated by mould slag cry...
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Effect of V-Mn-Cr inoculant on microstructure and mechanical properties of grey cast iron Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Lie Ji, Xueshan Du, Wenbo Cao, Jingyu Zhao, Yufu Sun, TengZhong Zhu, JunWei Feng, Beibei Xing
In this study, the effects of different composition V-Mn-Cr inoculants on the microstructure and mechanical properties of GCI were investigated through Optical microscope (OM), Scanning electron mi...
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Scrap dissolution effect in BOF converter process Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-09-02 Prasenjit Singha
A thermodynamic computational model was formulated to depict the amalgamated (top and bottom) blown basic oxygen steelmaking process involving scrap metal and lime dissolution. The model encompasse...
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Effect of magnetic alternate stirring on solidification structure of the round billet Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Mengyun Zhang, Yanping Bao, Lihua Zhao, Haibo Zhang
ABSTRACT In this study, a permanent magnet stirrer was constructed for the implementation of experiments on different magnetic field stirring modes. Through experiments, it can be observed that when the fixed speed of 200 rpm and the alternate stirring mode of magnetic field was adopted, the loose area in the core of ingots was reduced from about 72 mm2 to 21 mm2, which significantly improved the density
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Effects of different annealing time on microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight Al-containing medium-Mn steel Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Zhonglin Wu, Cainian Jing, Yan Feng, Zhaotong Li, Tao Lin, Jingrui Zhao
ABSTRACT The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of lightweight Al-containing medium-Mn steel with different annealing times was investigated. The results show that the microstructures of the tested steels treated by the I-Q&P process with varying times of annealing are all composed of martensite, α-ferrite, δ-ferrite, and retained austenite. With extended annealing times
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One-step quenching and partitioning treatment of directly hot rolled low carbon steel Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Yaowen Xu, Xianzhong Wu, Zhen Cai, Gengwei Yang
ABSTRACT Making cost-effective quenching and partitioning (Q&P) steel with good mechanical performance is attractive to the automotive industry. A low carbon steel was hot rolled, directly quenched, and isothermally partitioned using salt bath treatment. Effects of partitioning temperature and time on the microstructures and properties of the steel were studied. The microstructure consisted of carbide-free
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Analysing the HIsmelt process for smelting vanadium–titanium magnetite Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Yanjia Gao, Ran Liu, Guangshi Yan, Peng Tian, Yanting Liu, Chenchen Lan, Qing Lv
ABSTRACT In response to the problem of rich vanadium–titanium magnetite (VTM) resources in China contrasting with low blast furnace utilization, a HIsmelt process for smelting VTM is proposed. The influence of the process parameters on smelting reduction is analysed under laboratory conditions by simulating smelting reduction. The results show that extending the reaction time reduces the FeO content
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Characterization of the three-dimensional morphology of MnS precipitate in Ca-treated resulphurized free-cutting steel via fracture surface analysis Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-28 Xiao-yong Gao, Hong Wei, Qiang Ren, Li-feng Zhang
ABSTRACT MnS precipitates in resulfurized free-cutting steels are elongated in the rolling direction and then have a large size in length. It is difficult to accurately obtain the characteristics especially full length of MnS by two-dimensional observation. Three-dimensional morphology of MnS in a Ca-treated resulfurized free-cutting steel was investigated by using tensile method and scanning electron
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Steel world editorial 50.05 Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-17 N. McPherson
Published in Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Processes, Products and Applications (Vol. 50, No. 5, 2023)
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A hybrid approach using multiple linear regression and random forest regression to predict molten steel temperature in a continuous casting tundish Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-14 Sabrina Silva de Matos, Carlos Antônio da Silva, Johne Jesus Mol Peixoto, Eric Novaes de Almeida, Wellington Jose Carvalho da Conceição, Igor Cordeiro Lima
ABSTRACT The temperature control of molten steel is essential to ensure operational stability in a steelmaking plant. The calculation of thermal losses in the steelmaking plant’s operations depends on highly dynamic variables, which motivates the construction of predictive models for the steel temperature. This paper proposed a hybrid ensemble method using multiple linear and random forest regression
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Thermo-mechanical analysis of the flange in a Billet continuous casting machine based on limited temperature measurements Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-14 Ayat Jafarzadeh, Touraj Adhami, Hamid Farhadi, Mojtaba Allahkarampour, Hossein Farmani, Niromand Jasimi, Hamed Soltani, Hamed Ghafarirad, Afshin Taghvaeipour
ABSTRACT This paper targets at the calculation of in-service deformation of a flange in a billet continuous casting machine due to thermal loading. In this regard, first, the thermal analyses of the mould will be thoroughly and accurately conducted. Henceforth, the heat flux profile from the melt to the mould is derived from the literature and, based on the limited temperature measurements, it is calibrated
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Effect of MgO on wetting and corrosion behaviour of corundum substrate by CaO–SiO2–MgO (–Al2O3) slags Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-14 Yunming Gao, Hucheng Zhang, Peiwang Liu, Qiang Wang, Guangqiang Li
ABSTRACT Effect of MgO content on wetting and corrosion behaviour of corundum substrate by CaO–SiO2–MgO (−15%Al2O3) molten slags was investigated at 1450°C via joint application of a sessile drop technique, SEM–EDS detection and FactSage thermodynamic software. All slags exhibit good wettability on the substrate, and the contact angle values are small. Increasing MgO content from 7% to 9% in CaO-SiO2-MgO
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Study on volatilization behaviour of BOF converter slag containing CaCl2 Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-14 Ziwen Yan, Zhiyin Deng, Miaoyong Zhu
ABSTRACT The volatilization behaviour of CaCl2-containing basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slags was investigated in laboratory at steelmaking temperature. During the melting process, the volatilization ratio was measured, and the volatile compounds were collected with some conductive tapes. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted to clarify the volatilization of CaCl2-containing slags, and the volatilization
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Preset model of bending force in 6-high universal crown tandem cold rolling mill based on symbolic regression Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Zedong Wu, Quan Yang, Xiaochen Wang, Dong Xu, Jianwei Zhao, Jingdong Li
ABSTRACT Highly accurate bending force presetting is a prerequisite to ensure the well flatness of the strip head, however, there are limitations in the preset model used in industrial sites. According to the flatness control characteristics of work roll and intermediate roll bending forces, this paper integrates the historical production data of a 1420 mm 6-high tandem cold rolling mill and establishes
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Wall reduction and heat transfer characteristics of captured iron ore particles during flash ironmaking process Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Yuxiang Cheng, Zhongjie Shen, Yiru Yang, Qinfeng Liang, Jianliang Xu, Zhenghua Dai, Haifeng Liu
ABSTRACT The wall reaction and heat transfer characteristics of captured particles in the flash ironmaking reactor are essential to the reduction degree and liquid phase flow. In-situ studies of near-wall reduction were conducted using a high-temperature hot-stage microscope. Furthermore, a mathematical model was established for analyzing heat and mass transfer in iron ore particles. Results showed
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Process optimization of bottom-blown argon for 130t ladle furnace Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Lidong Xing, Wei Xiao, Yanping Bao, Min Wang, Xingang Ai
ABSTRACT A quarter scale water model experiment is employed to investigate the effect of single and double porous plug placement and blowing flow rates on the mixing time, slag eye area, and slag entrapment depth. As a result, when the blowing flow rate is greater than 180 L min–1, the blowing effect of double blowing plugs is better than that of single blowing plugs. The open eye area and slag entrapment
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Scrap steel price forecasting with neural networks for east, north, south, central, northeast, and southwest China and at the national level Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Xiaojie Xu, Yun Zhang
ABSTRACT There is little doubt about importance of forecasting commodity prices to policy makers and diverse varieties of market participants. In this present work, we analyse price forecasting problems for scrap steel for east, north, south, central, northeast, and southwest China and at the national level with daily data during 08/23/2013–04/15/2021. We focus on exploration of usefulness of non-linear
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The precise control of end flare with residual stresses of UHSS thin-walled component in roll forming process Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Jiaojiao Cheng, Jianguo Cao, Zhidong Wei, Xuesong Wang, Hao Zhu, Rongguo Zhao
ABSTRACT To control precisely end flare of UHSS thin-walled component, FEA (finite element analysis) model of multi-pass RF (roll forming) process is established. Numerical simulations with developed FEA model considered Young's modulus variation and RF tests are conducted to explain the origin of end flare with residual stresses. It's found that the overlap of bending moment caused by residual longitudinal
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Effect of partitioning temperature on the microstructure and evolution of medium manganese steel Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Zejiao Liu, Cainian Jing, Tao Lin, Junjie Xu, Chu Yang, Ning Li, Jingrui Zhao
ABSTRACT The Q&P process of hot-rolled medium manganese steel (0.11C, 4.95Mn, 1.6Si,0.34Crwt-%) was studied and annealing at 660°C was selected to investigate the mechanism of microstructure evolution of medium manganese steel at different partitioning temperatures, and SEM, EBSD, XRD and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyse and observe the medium manganese steel. The results show
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Optimization of high alumina slag practice in blast furnace ironmaking: an industrial approach. Part 2: Data-driven aspects Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Snehanshu Pal, Manisha Sahoo, Devi Dutta Biswajeet, Sujan Hazra, Garwa Sunny Tarachand, Debanjana Bhattacharyya, Samik Nag, Seshadri Seetharaman
ABSTRACT The prediction of transport and thermodynamic properties of the blast furnace slag is an experimentally tedious job to accomplish as seen in part-1 of this work. Literature studies have shown that the use of machine learning in the determination of the properties as a function of composition is an effective technique for glassy slags. However, the application of machine learning and data science
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An unresolved CFD-DEM method for studying migration and clogging of fine particles through a packed bed Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Peng Wang, Qingyang Li, Tengfei Ma, Xuelian Ou, Yanxin Shen, Yue Yang, Xiaofeng Tian
ABSTRACT Industrial production frequently experiences clogging of fines in a packed bed, which is also a long-term challenge. To investigate the flow of fines and comprehend the migration and clogging of fines, an unresolved CFD-DEM model was created in this paper. The effects of key variables are examined. It was demonstrated that the clogging mechanism of fins at various diameter ratios was different
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Refining at the impact and emulsion zones of basic oxygen steel making process – a fundamental study Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Prasenjit Singha
ABSTRACT Insights into the kinetics occurring during the combined blown (top and bottom blowing) oxygen steelmaking process, particularly at the impact and emulsion zones within separate reactors, can provide a deeper understanding of the refining mechanism in steelmaking. A dynamic model has been developed that can predict the contributions of various refining processes such as decarburization, desiliconization
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Microstructure and strengthening mechanisms of heavy gauge pipeline steel processed by ultra-fast cooling (UFC) versus laminar cooling (LC) Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Haijian Xu, Chunfei Han, Yan Zang, Wenyue Liu, Weijuan Li, Xiaochun Sha
ABSTRACT In this study, a novel thermo-mechanical controlled processing (TMCP) schedule, based on ultrafast cooling (UFC), was used to fabricate heavy gauge X80 pipeline steels for solving the low qualification drop-weight-tear test (DWTT) properties. The microstructures of the X80 pipeline steels were all composed of quasi-polygonal, acicular ferrite (AF), and granular bainite (GB) produced by Laminar
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Role of self-disintegrating effect produced by decomposition of limestone core on accelerating dissolution of lime in CaO–SiO2–FeOx slag Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Yu Liu, Pengzhao Zhang, Yufeng Tian, Yang Wu, Jiangping Rao, Zhizheng Yang, Guangqiang Li
ABSTRACT The dissolution behaviours of lime, limestone and lime sample with limestone core-lime shell structure in CaO–SiO2–FeOx slag were investigated. The results show that dissolution of lime slows down once 2CaO·SiO2 layer is formed at slag/lime interface. Self-disintegrating effect produced by decomposition of limestone core can accelerate dissolution, but dissolution rate firstly increases, and
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A low-cost strategy to improve strength-ductility-toughness balance in a low-carbon steel Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-24 Fatemeh Khorasani, Roohollah Jamaati, Hamed Jamshidi Aval
ABSTRACT The current research introduces a low-cost strategy to improve strength-ductility-toughness balance in low-carbon steel containing 0.08 wt-% carbon by simple heat treatment. As the intercritical annealing temperature increased, the fraction of martensite enhanced. By increasing the annealing temperature from 770 to 830°C, the hardness of dual-phase steel was increased from 183 HV to 212 HV
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Use of mask R-CNN for detection and control of slag scraper wear Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Carlos Eduardo Milanez, Carlos Torturella Valadao, Gustavo Maia de Almeida, Marco Antonio Cuadros
ABSTRACT The steel industry presents several problems and opportunities for improvement, from the factory floor to the business management level. Operational procedures are continually improved to reduce failures, create reliable parameters and increase the reliability of the equipment. A highlight is the computer vision, presented in several processes, contributing to the continuous and accelerated
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Cold-model numerical study of raceway shape and size effect on gas and fines flow behaviour in packed bed between the raceway and cohesive zone Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Ferdin Sagai Don Bosco, Smita Kamble, Shrutee Lakshminarasimha, Govind S. Gupta
ABSTRACT Operational stability and productivity of an iron-making blast furnace relies on the permeability of the bed, which is adversely affected by the accumulation of unburnt coal and fine coke powder resulting from Pulverised Coal Injection (PCI) and coke degradation. Stable operation at a high PCI rate necessitates an understanding of gas-fine powder distribution, which is affected by the cohesive
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Optimization of roller teeth based on the analysis of the crushing mechanism of sintered ore Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Bo Dai, Peng Tang, Jinchao Wei, Zhen Zhang, Tiantian Chen, Wenbo Ma
ABSTRACT In this paper, relevant mechanical tests were conducted on sintered ore specimens, and found that the ultimate strength of sintered ore under different strain rates had significant differences. The JH-2 constitutive model of sintered ore was obtained based on relevant tests and theoretical derivation, and used finite element method to reveal the crushing mechanism of sintered ore, and found
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Evaluation of the sulphide capacity of Na2O-containing silicate slags using a structural model Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Antonio Romero-Serrano, Josué López-Rodríguez, Aurelio Hernández-Ramírez, Alejandro Cruz-Ramírez, Cancio Jiménez-Lugos, Miguel Pérez-Labra
ABSTRACT This article suggests that the sulphide capacity may be a unique property of slag that can be calculated at a given temperature and composition, even for CaO- or Na2O-containing slags where the amount of dissolved sulphides is significant. A structural model that incorporates sulphide ions (S2−) in the silicate network is used to calculate the sulphide capacity of SiO2-Na2O binary and SiO2-Na2O-MO
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Viscosity and structure of CaO–Al2O3–TiO2-based mold fluxes with various CaO/Al2O3 mass ratios Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Zhanlong Piao, Kai Zeng, Yan Wang, Caijun Zhang, Ming Gao, Yang Liu
ABSTRACT The effects of CaO/Al2O3 mass ratio on the viscosity and structure of new CaO–Al2O3–TiO2-based fluorine-free mold fluxes for high titanium steel are investigated by viscometer, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and Raman spectroscopy. When the CaO/Al2O3 mass ratio increased from 0.6 to 1.4, the viscosities and activation energies reduced from 0.43 to 0.10 Pa·s and 127.8–74.2 kJ·mol−1, respectively
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Evolution mechanism of inclusions during refining and continuous casting process of 321H stainless steel Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Zhuo Chen, Guangqiang Pu, Bo Cai, Shengping He, Weitong Du, Huaping Huang, Yuanqing Chen
ABSTRACT The evolution of inclusions during the refining and casting process was investigated on an industrial scale to clarify the quantity and distribution of non-metallic inclusions for 321H stainless steel. The analyses showed that Al2O3-SiO2-MnO-CaO and Al2O3 as the main types of inclusions at the late of AOD and VOD, respectively. Pure titanium nitride and titanium nitride with oxide as the nuclei
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CFD modelling of steel desulfurisation in a gas-stirred ladle Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-20 Congshan Mao, Xipeng Guo, Nicholas J. Walla, Armin K. Silaen, Vivek Thapliyal, Chenn Q. Zhou
ABSTRACT Low sulfur content is crucial in secondary steelmaking to enhance steel quality. The desulfurization rate is influenced by slag-steel interactions, including slag eye size and interfacial mass transfer coefficient. Gas-stirred ladles can impact the interaction through stirring conditions such as argon flow rate and dual plug separation angle. Using a 3D CFD simulation model, the effects of
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Optimization of high alumina slag practice in blast furnace ironmaking: an industrial approach (PART 1: fundamental aspects) Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-19 Sujan Hazra, Snehanshu Pal, Devi Dutta Biswajeet, Manisha Sahoo, Garwa Sunny Tarachand, Debanjana Bhattacharyya, Samik Nag, Seshadri Seetharaman
ABSTRACT The productivity of the blast furnace Ironmaking process is significantly dependent on the slag chemistry. The presence of compounds like Al2O3 in high quantities can make the hearth slag highly viscous and difficult to tap. The objective of part-1 of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the role of high alumina (Al2O3 > 15%) compositions in the blast furnace slags. Slag viscosity
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Effect of Zr addition on toughness in the simulated heat-affected zone of high-titanium low-alloy steels Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Hao Yao, Chengjun Liu, Lifeng Zhang
ABSTRACT The effect of Zr addition on the impact energy at −20°C, the microstructure, and inclusions of high-titanium low-alloy steels in the simulated heat-affected zone was investigated. The impact energy of the steel without Zr addition was 25.7 J and increased to 242.9 J for the steel with the addition of 80 ppm Zr. When the heat input was 300 kJ cm−1, the impact energy of the steel without Zr
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Interface reaction between carbon composite brick and blast furnace slag Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Cui Wang, Jian-liang Zhang, Kai Gao, Ke-xin Jiao, Zheng-jian Liu, Xue-wei Zhang
ABSTRACT The interface reaction between carbon composite brick and blast furnace slag was investigated to clarify the formation and evolution mechanism of slag-rich protective layer on the brick’s surface in blast furnace. The wettability, microscopic morphology, phase components and thickness of the reaction layer between the original/modified brick and slag with different basicities, MnO, CaF2 and
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Strip tracking control using novel insights into the differential rolling process Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Pieter Schaak
ABSTRACT Steel strips suffer from lateral shift when being rolled in a rolling mill, especially at the head and tail ends. That results in strip pinches with costly downtime and damage to the work rolls and the strip itself. The lateral shift can be reduced by levelling the gauge control cylinders in response to shift measurements and differential roll force measurements. Designing such controllers
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Influence of mould level instability on the unevenness of solidified shell deformations during continuous casting Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Kohei Furumai, Hatem S. Zurob, Andre Phillion, Katsunari Oikawa
ABSTRACT The influence of mould level instability during continuous casting on the unevenness of the initial solidified shell in hypo-peritectic steels has been investigated. Water model experiments and in-plant casting experiments revealed that mould level instability, which increases with increasing casting speed, is related to longitudinal cracking resulting from the unevenness of the solidification
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Thermodynamic modelling of steelmaking slag to reduce refractory consumption during CONARC® process Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Albin Rozario, Amitava Mukhopadhyay, Sk Wasim Haidar, Sujoy Hazra
ABSTRACT CONARC® steelmaking process which combines the basic oxygen and electric arc furnace steelmaking, requires precise operation and control of slag chemistry within an optimum range to reduce the refractory wear. The target slag should be MgO saturated, containing solid particles of magnesium wustite which ensures good foamy slag and causes less erosion of MgO-C refractory. In this present study
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Continuous measurement of ferrous sinter size distributions using an optical sensor system Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Michael Holliday, Yufeng Lai, Matthew Hobbs, Nick Boone, Tariq Al-Haji, Iain Scott, Jon Willmott
ABSTRACT The size distribution of iron ore sinter is critical to efficient blast furnace operation and is an optimised variable in sinter plants globally. Prompt process control response to discrepancies in sinter size is essential, and the standard sieve measurement test introduces significant delay in data acquisition. We introduce a networked optical sensor system that is shown to accurately measure
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Influence of BaO on viscosity and structure of CaO–SiO2–FetO–Al2O3–BaO steel slag Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Yansong Song, Xiaojun Hu, Kuochih Chou
The viscosity of steel slag has an important influence on phosphorus mass transfer in dephosphorization process and slagging–off after dephosphorization. In current work, the viscosity of steel sla...
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Vacuum degassing impact on non-metallic inclusions during clean steelmaking Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Kamrooz Riyahi Malayeri
ABSTRACT The objective of this article was to study the impact of duration of vacuum degassing process on the type and morphology of non-metallic inclusions which are undesired & unavoidable by product of steelmaking process. During the vacuum degassing stage five top slag and steel samples were taken. All sample occasions measured chemical composition of the molten steel and top slag, and SEM analysis
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Process parameter optimization for spring back in steel grade sheet materials under V-bending using FEM and ANN approach Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Varsha M. Magar, Naveen Agrawal
ABSTRACT Spring back compensation is essential for accurate geometry of sheet metal components. In this paper the effect of process parameters namely sheet thickness, bend angle and tool travel rate on spring back in SS304 and C80 material sheets under V-bending is predicted by using finite element method and artificial neural network approaches. Total nine experiments were designed considering three
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A theoretical approach to evaluate the effect of hydrocarbon and CO2 injection on blast furnace raceway: step towards reduction of CO2 emission Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 Sujan Hazra, Samik Nag, Padmapal, Saurabh Kundu
ABSTRACT A novel raceway heat and material balance model is developed considering all physico-chemical phenomena surrounding the raceway of the blast furnace (BF). This model is unique, as it considers reactions based on thermodynamics and determines important parameters such as raceway adiabatic flame temperature (RAFT), bosh gas properties, raceway coke rate etc. Importantly, the model also predicts
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Burden matrix control based on gas flow characteristics of blast furnace Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DongHui Gao, GuoPing Luo, YueMing Wang, GuoCheng Zhang, YiFan Chai
ABSTRACT Bernoulli′s principle was adopted to analyze gas flow characteristics in the cohesive zone, and the numerical condition for forming a gas flow whirlpool in the cohesive zone was calculated, a method of controlling the burden matrix was thus obtained and applied to industrial production. The results show that the numerical condition for forming a gas flow whirlpool field in the cohesive zone
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A mathematical model for the thermal state of a steel ladle Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-14 Ilpo Mäkelä, Ville-Valtteri Visuri, Timo Fabritius
ABSTRACT A dynamic one-dimensional mathematical model was developed for predicting the thermal state of a steelmaking ladle. The model is intended to be used in process control applications, in which fast computational times are desirable alongside model accuracy. The calculation domain was discretized using the finite difference method, and time integration was performed using both the implicit Euler
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Review of pellets and blast furnace slag research progress: the effects of MgO on metallurgical properties Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-09 Bojian Chen, Tao Jiang, Jing Wen, Lin Li, Peng Hu
ABSTRACT It is imperative to reduce the pollution and energy consumption in the blast furnace ironmaking process. High pellets operation is a developing direction in the future. The function of blast furnace slag system cannot be ignored. In order to balance the MgO content in blast furnace slag and improve the metallurgical properties of pellets in the high pellets ratio operation, the research on
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Study on hydrogen smelting reduction behaviour in synthetic molten HIsarna slag Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Theint Theint Htet, Zhiming Yan, Bharath Sampath Kumar, Johannes Hage, Koen Meijer, Zushu Li
ABSTRACT The reduction behaviour of hydrogen with FeO in synthetic molten HIsarna slag has been investigated using two experimental methods: (1) Blowing 5% or 10% H2-Ar onto the molten slag at 1450°C, 1475°C, 1550°C, respectively; and (2) Injecting 10% H2-Ar into the molten slag at the flowrates of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 L min−1. During the gas blowing onto the melt, the reaction is initially controlled by
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Synergistic effect of residual elements on oxidation rates and oxide/metal interface characteristics in a low-carbon steel oxidized at 1180°C for 3 hours Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Jiaqi Duan, Didier Farrugia, Claire Davis, Zhiming Yan, Zushu Li
ABSTRACT Residual elements (Cu, Ni and Sn) of various contents have been added to a low-carbon steel to simulate the scenario of increased use of scrap during steel production. The samples were oxidized in air to represent reheating before hot rolling, using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were employed to investigate the
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Investigation of the effects of lubrication type, blankholder force and force holding time on the spring-back behaviour for hat-shaped MART steels Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Nuri Şen, Tolgahan Civek, İrem Yalçin
ABSTRACT In this study, hat-shaped bending experiments have been conducted on MART1200 and MART1400 Ultra-High-Strength Steels (UHSS). To investigate the influence of different lubrication conditions, on the spring-back, three different lubricant types (Graphite, Teflon film and Teflon film + Graphite) have been used in the experiments. A constant 6.5 tons of bottoming force has been applied at the
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Influence of two-step austempering at different temperatures on mechanical and microstructural properties of AISI 9254 high silicon steel Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Burak Nalcaci, Meltem Baysun, Abdollah Bahador, Junko Umeda, Sebastian Münstermann, Ali Arslan Kaya, Mehmet Erdogan
ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to understand the effects of two-step austempering treatment on an AISI 9254 high silicon steel towards tailoring the properties as desired while simultaneously employing the benefits of high and low austempering temperatures. The samples were initially austenitized at 850°C for 20 min, followed by austempering in a salt bath at the temperatures of 250–270–290°C for
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Numerical simulation analysis of the rolling process based on the particle swarm hybrid algorithm Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Zhu-Wen Yan, He-Nan Bu, Hao Li, Lei Hong
ABSTRACT It is very complicated to study the three-dimensional deformation of metal during rolling. The conventional finite element numerical analysis method generally adopts a fixed algorithm to calculate the whole rolling process. This method consumes huge computing power and sacrifices some computing accuracy. In this paper, according to the characteristics of different rolling stages, on the basis
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Enhancement of strength of blast furnace flue dust – iron oxide – fly ash composite briquette using ANOVA-based mathematical model Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Ritwik Das, Manas Kumar Mondal, Susanta Pramanik
ABSTRACT Utilisation of by-products of an integrated steel plant improves productivity with diverse mix of raw materials used for iron making. The strength of a briquette made with Blast furnace flue dust and iron oxide with fly ash as a binder depends upon the briquetting pressure, particle size of fly ash, fly ash quantity, and curing temperature. In this study, the effect of process variables on
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Effect of coke reactivity on softening-melting and dripping behaviors of sinter Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-25 Ruijun Yan, Zhenggen Liu, Mansheng Chu, Peijun Liu
ABSTRACT The use of high reactivity coke in blast furnaces is an important direction for low-carbon development. In this study, we investigated the effect of coke reactivity on the softening-melting behaviors of the sinter. The results show that the gasification temperature of coke decreased with increasing coke reactivity. With increasing coke reactivity from 24.75% to 45.11%, the initial melting
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Dual effect of MgO on softing–melting performance of high gangue sinter: changes of slag viscosity and phase composition Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-16 Sida Li, Jianliang Zhang, Yaozu Wang, Fenglin Lu, Lele Niu, Zhen Li, Zhengjian Liu
ABSTRACT In this paper, through softening–melting test of sinter with high MgO content produced by iron and steel enterprises, the double influence of high MgO concentration on soft melting performance of sinter was researched. The experimental results show that in the sinter melting process, on the one hand, the slag viscosity will gradually decrease from 0.107 to 0.095 Pa·S at 1540°C with the increase
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Prediction of the ribbon length to determine the viscosity of ladle-refining powder containing CaF2 using inclined plane test and advanced mathematical model Ironmak. Steelmak. (IF 2.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-16 Mohammad Kuwaiti, Alireza Alaei, Mehdi Mansouri Hasan Abadi, Reza Ebrahimi Kahrizsangi, Hamid Ghayour
ABSTRACT In the present research, the inclined plane test (IPT) and an author-developed advanced mathematical model were used to determine the viscosity of ladle-refining + CaF2 powder containing 3–10% CaF2 (LRC powder). The ladle slag powder is composed of such compounds as CaO, Al2O3, SiO2 containing percentages of CaF2 to make special changes to the chemical and physical properties of the compound