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Design and feasibility analysis of magnetorheological flexible joint for upper limb rehabilitation Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Ganglin Li, Jiabin Yang, Guang Zhang, Qing Ouyang, Hongsheng Hu
Traditional upper limb rehabilitation robots have several disadvantageous. For example, they can only conduct rehabilitation training along predetermined trajectories, their safety systems are unreliable, and they lack the ability to adjust or train the affected limb based on the expected torque of the human body. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a flexible safety system for joint
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A multi-directional and multi-modal galloping piezoelectric energy harvester with tri-section beam Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Cuipeng Xia, Jian Yang, Lihua Tang, Peilun Yin, Zifan Li, Bin Wang, Kean C Aw
A traditional wind energy harvester based on galloping can only harvest wind energy from one specific direction, which fails to work efficiently in a natural erratic environment. In this study, we propose a galloping-based piezoelectric energy harvester that can collect energy from wind flow in a wide range of incident directions with multiple vibrational modes being excited. The proposed harvester
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Kresling origami-inspired electromagnetic energy harvester with reversible nonlinearity Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Peilun Yin, Hesheng Han, Lihua Tang, Xing Tan, Muxuan Guo, Cuipeng Xia, Kean Chin Aw
This paper presents an electromagnetic energy harvester based on a unique nonlinear Kresling origami-inspired structure. By introducing the equilibrium shift phenomenon, reversible nonlinearity (i.e. mixed softening-hardening behavior) empowers the proposed harvester to work in a broad frequency band, confirmed by both simulation using a dynamic model and experimentation. The prototyped device can
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Hole-edge crack monitoring in attachment lug with large bolt hole based on guided wave and circular piezoelectric sensor array Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Liming Shi, Bin Deng, Qiyun Xu, Jian Chen, Lei Qiu
The crack damage monitoring of aircraft structures is very significant for ensuring aircraft safety, reducing maintenance costs and extending service life. Due to the extreme service environment, the attachment lug is prone to initiate crack damage at the hole edge, which leads to crack propagation and fracture failure. Structural health monitoring technology based on piezoelectric guided wave has
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Structural design and multi-objective optimization of a novel asymmetric magnetorheological damper Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Huijun Liang, Jie Fu, Wei Li, Dongbin Xia, Lei Luo, Miao Yu
The MRD with continuously adjustable damping, small compression, and large extension for asymmetric output may improve all-terrain vehicle impact resistance and vibration reduction performance in a variety of conditions. A novel conical flow channel asymmetric MRD (CFC-MRD) is proposed to solve the structure complexity stroke sacrifice, and lack of failure protection concerns in currently studied asymmetric
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Mechanistic prediction of folding angles in 4D printed shape memory polymers under varied loading conditions Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Ye Li, Harish Kumar Ponnappan
Four-dimensional printing technology empowers 3D-printed structures to change shapes upon external stimulation. However, most studies did not consider recovery under loaded conditions. This paper introduces a mechanistic prediction model for forecasting recovery angles in 4D printing utilizing shape memory polymer under various loads. The model integrates Neo–Hookean model to describe the non-linear
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Enhancing sparse regression modeling of hysteresis with optimized PIO algorithm in piezo actuator Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Yu Jin, Jianbo Yu, Yunlang Xu, Qiaodan Lu, Xiaofeng Yang
The extensive application of piezo actuators is attributed to their high responsiveness and ability to achieve nanoscale steps. However, the accuracy and stability of motion are seriously affected by hysteresis caused by nonlinear characteristics. In this paper, a pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm based on dynamic opposite learning (DOL) is proposed to address the issue of nonlinear modeling
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Exploring chloride-induced corrosion in reinforced concrete structures through embedded piezo sensor technology: an experimental and numerical study Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Tarun Morwal, Tushar Bansal, Ammar Azam, Visalakshi Talakokula, T Jothi Saravanan
Corrosion of steel in concrete is one of the major problems with respect to the durability of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Thus, monitoring the corrosion in real-time is essential to prevent structural damage. However, one of the main challenges is to simulate the real-time development of corrosion in the RC structure. In recent years, smart aggregates, also called embedded piezo sensors (EPS)
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Explicit model predictive control of magnetorheological suspension for all-terrain vehicles with road preview Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Wei Li, Huijun Liang, Dongbin Xia, Jie Fu, Miao Yu
The integration of magnetorheological (MR) semi-active suspension systems in all-terrain vehicles (ATV) has garnered significant attention due to their ability to enhance damping performance and off-road capabilities. However, traditional control strategies result in poor control accuracy and limited vibration reduction effects when facing complex road excitations and impact disturbances. With technological
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Buckling-driven piezoelectric defect-induced energy localization and harvesting using a Rubik’s cube-inspired phononic crystal structure Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Dong-Xing Cao, Sha-Sha Li, Xiang-Ying Guo, Xu-Min Chen, Siu-Kai Lai
Wireless sensor networks that enable advanced internet of things (IoT) applications have experienced significant development. However, low-power electronics are limited by battery lifetime. Energy harvesting presents a solution for self-powered technologies. Vibration-based energy harvesting technology is one of the effective approaches to convert ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy. Various
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Design and experiment study of a novel dual-channel independent-coil magnetorheological grease damper Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Huixing Wang, Dong Li, Shuna Xue, Junjie Sun, Jiong Wang
In order to address the issue of reduced damping force dynamic range in magnetorheological (MR) damper caused by the high zero-field viscosity of MR grease, known for its sedimentation stability, this paper introduces a novel dual-channel independent-coil MR damper (DCICMRD). Firstly, the dual-channel configuration and the magnetic circuit structure of independent coils were meticulously designed,
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Early bolt looseness monitoring using the leading waves energy in piezoelectric active sensing Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Tao Wang, Hu Wang, Dan Yang, Bohai Tan, Shaohua Deng, Guangtao Lu
Bolt monitoring plays a vital role in ensuring the safe operation of engineering structures. The utilization of piezoelectric (PZT) active sensing and analysis of ultrasonic energy transmitted through the interface of bolted connections has demonstrated high feasibility for monitoring bolt looseness. However, the ultrasonic energy saturation effect (i.e. the response signal energy changes slightly
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Aeroelastic metastructure for simultaneously suppressing wind-induced vibration and energy harvesting under wind flows and base excitations Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Shun Chen, Che Xu, Liya Zhao
This paper proposes an innovative dual-functional aeroelastic metastructure that effectively suppresses wind-induced structural vibrations under either pure aerodynamic galloping or concurrent galloping and base excitations, while simultaneously harnessing the vibratory energy to potentially allow for self-powered onboard low-power sensing applications. Two configurations are theoretically and experimentally
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Investigation of cluster magnetorheological electro-Fenton composite polishing process for single-crystal GaN wafer based on BBD experimental method Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Qiongbin Zheng, Yusen Wu, Jisheng Pan, Min Xiang, Hao Wang, Qiusheng Yan
A cluster magnetorheological (MR) electro-Fenton composite polishing technique was proposed in this work, which can realize high efficiency, ultra-smooth and damage-free of GaN wafer by the synergistic effect of electro-Fenton reaction and flexible mechanical removal of MR polishing. The key parameters of electro-Fenton were optimized through methyl orange degradation experiments based on BBD experimental
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Torsional actuation and vari-stiffness characteristics of SMA/basalt hybrid braided composite tubes Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Jun Ke, Yating Zhang, Zhenyu Wu, Shuang Qin, Wencheng Pan
Shape memory alloy hybrid composite (SMAHC) tubes have the potential to actively control the torsional stiffness of structures. In this work, shape memory alloy (SMA) wires orthogonally braided with basalt fiber were heated by electricity to generate the torsional torque of the SMAHC tube, and then the torsional stiffness of the tube was measured. The macroscopic finite element model of the SMAHC tube
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Adaptive optimal fault-tolerant vibration control and sensitivity analysis of semi-active suspension based on a self-powered magneto-rheological damper Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Xiang Gao, Qingyan Jiang, Guangcheng Zhang, Junchuan Niu, Ruichun Dong, Lei He
To reuse the energy dissipated by vehicle suspension, a semi-active suspension with a self-powered magneto-rheological damper is proposed. An electromechanical coupling model of self-powered semi-active suspension is established. The energy conversion efficiency is defined and investigated by changing the electrical parameters. By considering unmodeled dynamics and perturbation values, an adaptive
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On the optimal planform of a cantilever unimorph piezoelectric vibrating energy harvester Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Eliya Salman, Sahar Lustig, David Elata
This work relates to piezoelectric vibrating energy harvesters, that are constructed from a unimorph cantilever with a massive edge block. The dynamic response of the cantilever is considered when it is excited into vibrations at its natural frequency, where its deformation amplitude is maximal. The optimal response of such a harvester is achieved when the amplitude of the axial strain in the piezoelectric
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Wellbore fracture recognition and fracture parameter identification method using piezoelectric ultrasonic and machine learning Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Ziyang Liu, Mingzhang Luo, Lei Li, Yalin Xiang, Luoyu Zhou
Real-time monitoring of wellbore status information can effectively ensure the structural safety of the wellbore and improve the drilling efficiency. It is especially important to recognize the wellbore fractures and identify their parameters, which motivates us to propose a wellbore fracture recognition and parameter identification method using piezoelectric ultrasonic and machine learning. To realize
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Assessment of self-healing performance of cement-based materials incorporating ion chelator and industrial wastes Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Ruiyang Wang, Jianying Yu, Quantao Liu, Dongliang Kuang
Ion chelator can enhance the self-healing of cracks and pores in concrete. To further improve the self-healing capability of cement-based materials, different industrial wastes (i.e. fly ash, limestone powder and blast furnace slag (BFS)) and ion chelator were mixed into mortar. The crack closure index, water permeability, water absorption, impermeability, compressive strength recovery and healing
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Viscoelasticity, stiffness gradient and their effects on adhesion of an epoxy shape memory polymer Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Ling Gong, Xiaojie Wang
The shape memory polymer based adhesives have demonstrated excellent programmable switchable adhesion, in which the material properties play an important role. Here, the viscoelasticity, stiffness gradient, and their effects on adhesion of an epoxy shape memory polymer (ESMP) were studied. The ESMP sample and polydimethylsiloxane control sample were fabricated firstly by mold casting and curing techniques
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Dynamic measurement of ballistic impact using an optical fibre sensor Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Ivann Velasco, Frederick Seng, Greyson Hodges, Kara Peters, Mark Pankow, Stephen Schultz
An optical fibre-based sensor is developed for measuring the dynamics of the back face deformation of soft body armor. The measurement system consists of embedding an optical fibre into a thin silicone mat to increase survivability. The silicone sensor mat is placed between the soft body armor and the backing material. The optical fibre experiences times of sticking and slipping. The portions of the
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Bidisperse magnetorheological fluids with strong magnetorheological response, long-term stability and excellent in-use performance Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Mona Nejatpour, Mostafa Khalil Abdou Saleh, Abasin Ulasyar, Ugur Unal, İsmail Lazoğlu, Havva Yağcı Acar
There is a critical demand for magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) with high particle loading, long-term stability, and high magneto-viscous properties to be used in industrial MRF devices. Bidisperse MRFs composed of highly magnetizable micron-sized carbonyl iron particles and poly(acrylic acid) coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs-PAA) that can chemically interact are proposed to
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Soft electroadhesive grippers with variable stiffness and deflection motion capabilities Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Chaoqun Xiang, Zhiwei Li, Xuan Luo, Cheng Huang, Yisheng Guan
Soft gripper robots provide superior safety, adaptability, and compliance compared to rigid robots. However, soft grippers must address inadequate stiffness and interference resistance. Soft pneumatic electroadhesion (EA) grippers with variable stiffness are potential options for addressing these difficulties. In this paper, we present a soft bionic gripper (SOBG) that resembles human finger movements
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Nonlinear dynamic morphing of conical bistable dielectric elastomer actuator Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Jian Zhang, Jian Zhao, Xuefeng Wang, Hongyu Wang, Pengbo Liu, Yu Huang
The bistable dielectric elastomer actuator (BDEA) possesses two stable positions which offers notable advantages of stable-state self-maintenance, fast response, and threshold snap-through characteristic in comparison with conventional dielectric elastomers. However, the strong nonlinearity induced by the coupling among materials, structure, and electrostatic fields greatly affect the dynamic response
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Temperature and strain monitoring during thermoforming of thermoplastic composite laminates using optical frequency domain reflectometry Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Baocun Fan, Changhao Chen, Qi Wu, Yanfeng Wang, Yang Liu, Hanqi Zhang
In this study, optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) was used to monitor the thermoforming processes of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) to address the limitations of conventional sensors including large size and low spatial resolution. A bare single-mode fiber with a polyimide coating and a fiber encapsulated by a long metal capillary were cascaded and embedded into composite
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Multimode auxetic piezoelectric energy harvester for low-frequency vibration Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Longfei He, Hiroki Kurita, Fumio Narita
Herein, we propose a piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) capable of vibrating in multi-degrees-of-freedom. The resonant frequency, working bandwidth, and output power of the PEH were improved by introducing an auxetic structure (AS). The proposed PEH exhibited a symmetric serpentine structure with a doubly clamped configuration comprising several proof masses at the junctions. Finite element method
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Thermomechanical description of shape memory alloys using the preisach model Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Thiago Q Alvares, Vanderson M Dornelas, Sergio A Oliveira, Marcelo A Savi
Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are adaptive materials that exhibit complex thermomechanical behaviors due to multiphysics coupling. The thermomechanical modeling of SMAs is a complex task due to several phenomena involved, and the Preisach model is an interesting alternative to describe the SMA hysteretic behavior based on experimental data. This paper deals with the description of the thermomechanical
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A metamaterial-assisted coda wave interferometry method with nonlinear guided waves for local incipient damage monitoring in complex structures Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Shengbo Shan, Ze Liu, Chi Zhang, Li Cheng, Yongdong Pan
Nonlinear guided waves exhibit high sensitivity to material microstructural changes, thus attracting increasing attention for incipient damage monitoring applications. However, conventional nonlinear guided-wave-based methods suffer from two major deficiencies which hinder their applications: (1) mostly relying on the first arrivals of wave signals, they apply to limited inspection areas in simple
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Dynamic braille display based on surface-structured PVC gel Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Chengbo Tian, Min Yu, Yuwei Wu, Guoxiao Yin, Runqi Hu, Hengzao Ge, Xiaojie Tong, Gengying Wang, Hongkai Li
Braille displays are a class of human–computer interaction electromechanical devices that display dynamic braille through an array of actuators. However, existing actuators for braille displays suffer from issues such as bulky size, heavy weight, and small tactile displacement, leading to difficulties in improving their resolution and readability. To address the above issues, we developed a novel electroactive
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Reconfigurable phononic crystal sensor for liquid detection Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Tong Zhu, Ting-Ting Wang, Hong-Tao Zhou, Yan-Feng Wang, Yue-Sheng Wang
We propose a reconfigurable phononic crystal (PnC) for detecting the concentration of solutes in liquids. The designed PnC consists of liquid-filled hollow pillars and connecting bars. The finite element method is used to calculate the transmission spectra and band structures of PnC filled with various liquids. We fabricate 3D printed samples and conduct corresponding experiments. The results show
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A novel inclined membrane contact model for analyzing the pneu-net soft actuator lateral wall contact Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Tong Liu, Xiaojie Wang
Pneu-net soft actuators are widely used in the soft robotics society owing to their light weight, high deformation, and fast response. This paper presents a novel theoretical framework to model the static analysis and contact mechanics of pneumatic soft actuators undergoing large deformations. While most soft robots exhibit complex material behaviors, we show that their mechanics can be accurately
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Efficient seismic fragility assessment method for a frictional isolated bridge constrained by shape memory alloy cables under pulse-like ground motion Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Yuntao Zhu, Yiwei Shu, Jian Zhong
Utilizing shape memory alloy (SMA) cables to constrain frictional isolated bridges is considered an efficient approach to limit bearing displacement and prevent serious earthquake damage. Accurate seismic fragility assessments of this kind of structure are crucial for aseismic decision making. However, traditional assessment methods cannot quantitatively describe the impact of the pulse effect on pulse-type
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Adaptive beam with elastic support based on magnetorheological elastomers for modal modulation and vibration suppression Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Leizhi Wang, Ke Zhang, Wei Ding, Zhaobo Chen, Longtao Hou
Owing to the wide modulation capability of their magneto-induced modulus, smart structure-based magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) show great promise for vibration control in numerous engineering applications. In conventional smart structure-based MREs, however, vibration absorption or isolation is mainly used for discrete structural systems, and the requirement for vibration control in continuous
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Dynamic control of reflection from a metasurface with distinct modulating mechanisms Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Simin Liu, Yongqiang Pang, Bingyue Qu, Yongfeng Li, Jiafu Wang, Zhuo Xu
Dynamic control of the reflection from an object is much of importance in microwave engineering. In the past the tunable absorbers are usually employed to realize this goal and have been widely discussed. In this work, we propose a metasurface to offer a more flexible solution to dynamically control the reflection property. The proposed metasurface can be independently modulated by three distinct physical
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Realizing stretchable energy harvesting film through stretch-buckling conversion of wavy base Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Yunki Gwak, Nayoung Kim, Adebisi Oluwabukola Victoria, Jung-Hoon Yun
In this study, we designed and fabricated a stretchable energy harvesting device. This device operates by inducing buckling in the Lead Zirconate Titanate film through tension applied to the wavy base, resulting in voltage generation. Both simulations and experiments demonstrate that the aspect ratio between the pitch and curve radius of the symmetric wavy base influences the energy conversion efficiency
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A proof of concept for reliability aware analysis of junctionless negative capacitance FinFET-based hydrogen sensor Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Navneet Gandhi, Rajeewa Kumar Jaisawal, Sunil Rathore, P N Kondekar, Navjeet Bagga
This work demonstrates the reliability-aware analysis of the Junctionless negative capacitance (NC) FinFET employed as a hydrogen (H2) gas sensor. Gate stacking of the ferroelectric (FE) layer induces internal voltage amplification owing to the NC property, thus, improving the sensitivity of the baseline junctionless FinFET. A well-calibrated TCAD model is used to investigate the sensing characteristics
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Multifunctional composite structures with embedded conductive yarns for shock load monitoring and failure detection Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Birendra Chaudhary, Helio Matos, Sumanta Das, Jim Owens
This study evaluates the performance of composite structures with embedded conductive yarns during shock loads to create a multifunctional system for immediate failure detection. The scalable sensing yarns were made by braiding Kevlar fibers with Nitinol fibers and then integrating them into a carbon/epoxy prepreg. The multifunctional structure was subjected to a Mach 2 air blast load using a shock
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Electrostatic-driven soft air pump with segmented electrodes Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Jindong Zhao, Ming Xu, Yongfa Zhang, Tang Yu, Hualiang Sun
Pneumatic soft robots have become a popular research area for future robots because of their lightweight, high efficiency, non-pollution, and high reliability. However, the pneumatic pump, which is the ‘heart’ of these robots, is large in size, heavy in weight, noisy in operation, and must be separated from the robot body, which seriously affects the portability and autonomy of the robot. Portable
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Controlled adsorption of gas molecules by tuning porosity of titanium film Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Sangwug Han, Taehyun Kim, Jubeom Lee, Gyungtae Kim, Moonseop Hyun, Daewon Hong, Jihoon Choi
Within microelectromechanical system sensors, the establishment of a vacuum environment is a prerequisite for the control of specific residual gas molecules. At the wafer-level package stage, the interior of the sensor can be easily converted into a vacuum environment. However, after packaging, degassing occurs due to the accumulation of fumes with additional processing, resulting in a significant
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River valley-inspired, high-sensitivity, and rapid-response capacitive three-dimensional force tactile sensor based on U-shaped groove structure Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Decheng Xu, Weiqiang Hong, Bing Hu, Tianxu Zhang, Dongliang Chen, Zihao Yan, Xiaomeng Yao, Xinyi Zhang, Yunong Zhao, Taoran Sun, Chuanzhao Zhang, Mingqi Pan, Xiaoyun Ruan, Ruishen Yan, Junyi Wang, Xiaohui Guo
High-performance three-dimensional force (3D-force) tactile sensors with the capability of distinguishing normal and tangential forces in sync play a vital role in emerging wearable devices and smart electronics. And there is an urgent need for 3D-force tactile sensors with fast response and high flexibility. Herein, we design a capacitive 3D-force tactile sensors inspired by the U-shaped river valley
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Multi-material 4D printing to realize two-phase morphing in self-actuating structures Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Hoo Min Lee, Sol Ji Han, Min-Je Kim, Gil Ho Yoon
4D printing has garnered significant attention within the field of engineering due to its capacity to introduce novel functionalities in printed structures through shape-morphing. Nevertheless, there persist challenges in the design and fabrication of intricate structures, primarily stemming from the intricate task of controlling variables that impact morphing characteristics. In order to surmount
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Enhanced performance triboelectric nanogenerator based on mullite/PVA composites for self-driven sensing and smart home control Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Ping Zhang, Yuting Ma, Baocheng Liu, Honghao Zhang
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has good biocompatibility, a simple fabrication process, and environmental protection, which is very suitable for the production of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) applied to smart home control. However, the output performance of the TENG composed of PVA and PDMS films is not high. Previous research has explored the enhancement of PVA-based TENG performance by doping with
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Rigid-flexible coupled origami robots via multimaterial 3D printing Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Wenbo Xue, Zechu Sun, Haitao Ye, Qingjiang Liu, Bingcong Jian, Yanjie Wang, Hongbing Fang, Qi Ge
Soft robots have significant advantages in flexibility and adaptability and have potential applications in the field of engineering. Unlike traditional manufacturing methods, three-dimensional (3D) printing provides a fast way to fabricate customized and multi-functional robots. However, the fabrication of soft robots requires multimaterial printers and the high-accuracy multi-step assembly process
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High-velocity micromorphological observation and simulation of magnetorheological gel using programmable magneto-controlled microfluidics system and micro-tube dynamic models Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Miao Yu, Ruyi Gan, Jie Fu, Song Qi, Jinyu Han, Haitao Li
Application of magnetorheological gel (MRG) is a promising tool for high performance mitigation due to its outstanding energy absorption and dissipation properties. However, the lack of recognition on micromorphological variation for MRG and its magneto-mechanical coupling mechanism limits its extensive application. Herein, combined with the magnetic sensitivity nature of MRG, we develop a magneto-controlled
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Modeling mechanical waves propagation in flexoelectric solids Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Haiyang Zhou, Xinpeng Tian, Qian Deng, Jan Sladek, Vladimir Sladek
In this paper, the propagation of mechanical waves in flexoelectric solids with the consideration of both the direct and converse flexoelectric effects is studied via a collocation mixed finite element method (MFEM). The dynamic effects associated with mechanical waves propagation are accounted by introducing the kinetic energy in the Hamilton’s principle. In the proposed collocation MFEM, a quadratic
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Radial vibration analysis for piezoceramic shell-stacked spherical transducer with thick walls Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Yifan Tang, Cheng Chen, Hua Tian, Shuyu Lin
With the development of ultrasonic transducers, spherical piezoelectric transducers have attracted tremendous attention in a variety of application fields due to their ability to resist higher pressures and produce omnidirectional radiation. However, the wall thickness of piezoceramic spherical shells is usually thin due to the limitations of polarization technology and operating voltage, leading to
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Electromechanical coupling of a 3.88 W harvester with circumferential step-size field: modeling, validation and self-powered wearable applications Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Yan Peng, Wanqing Xu, Ying Gong, Xuzhang Peng, Zhongjie Li
The fast advances in wearable electronic devices require clean and wearable power sources. This study presents a wearable electromagnetic energy harvester (EMEH) with high output performance mounted on the knee to obtain human vibration energy. The design forms a circumferential step-change magnetic field with high electromechanical coupling for high-efficiency energy conversion. We first formulate
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Performance study of an energy harvester with multiple piezoelectric disks in parallel connection for water pressure pulsation Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Chen Chen, Yifei Xu, Haixia Zhao, Tongrui Xian, Xiaohui Luo, Weijie Shi
Water hydraulic pump is a crucial component of the water hydraulic system, and it generates periodic pressure pulsation due to its inherent characteristics. To harvest the vibration energy from the pressure pulsation, an energy harvester with multiple piezoelectric disks in parallel connection is proposed. Two prototypes are fabricated to analyze the effect of the number of piezoelectric disks on the
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Health monitoring of an assembly-type structure using raw time-domain EMI signals and a novel hybrid deep learning algorithm Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Osama Alazzawi, Dansheng Wang
Deep learning models are widely used to extract features from data through supervised or unsupervised methods. However, when these two methods are used separately, their generalization ability is insufficient. In this study, a structural health monitoring technology based on a novel hybrid deep learning (HDL) model and time-domain electromechanical impedance (TEMI) has been proposed. The HDL is a highly
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Nano-electro-mechanical conduct of boron nitride nanotube as piezoelectric nanogenerators and nanoswitches Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Nilüfer Ertekin
This study investigates various aspects related to the Internet of Things (IoT) and piezoelectric nanoswitches applications, including the frequency band and set-up of piezoelectric nanogenerators, the electrical-mechanical interactions of nanoswitch arrays and their switching times. To address these issues, the molecular dynamics simulations conducted to investigate the performance of a boron nitride
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Inkjet printing P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) actuators for large bending strains Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 S A Sekar, A Hunt
Additive manufacturing of sensors and actuators together with structural materials and electronics will make it possible to fabricate innovative system designs that are overly laborious to realise with conventional methods. While printing of the structural materials and electronics are advancing fast, the additive manufacturing methods for actuators and sensors are in an earlier stage of development
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Characterization of magnetostrictive bi-stable rotational vibration energy harvester with integrated centrifugal effect Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Weiwei Dong, Quan Liang, Huifang Liu, Xutao Mei, Liang Shu, Zhanqi Liu, Yunlong Chang
Rotational machinery is a common presence in dust still production, and the occurrence of operational failures in components like engines and turbine blades necessitates effective measures. To solve this challenge, remote structural health monitoring using energy harvesting and wireless sensors has been widely employed to realize self-powered sensing. This study proposes a magnet-induced bi-stable
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A self-recoverable negative stiffness metamaterial with enhanced bearing and energy dissipation capacity Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Weitao Lv, Dong Li, Xin Ren
Because of their desirable properties, mechanical metamaterials have drawn increasing attention. Negative stiffness (NS) metamaterials can be used as reusable energy dissipation devices, but they usually have low bearing capacity. In this study, a self-recoverable NS structure with enhanced bearing and energy dissipation capacity was proposed. It breaks free from the size limitations of curved beams
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Tunable stiffness design of curved-crease origami and extended quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Ya Zhou, Tomohiro Tachi, Jianguo Cai, Jian Feng
A kind of origami tube based on the curved crease, which has a tunable stiffness, was designed, fabricated, tested, and extended to the concept of a quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) vibration isolator. The regulating function of crease stiffness on the overall origami stiffness without changes in the crease pattern was verified by single-crease models. With various opening ratios along the creases, three
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Design and analysis of magnetostrictive two-dimensional kinetic energy harvester Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Huifang Liu, Xiaoyan Tong, Xingwei Sun, Wenguo Wang, Liang Su, Yunlong Chang, Zhanqi Liu
Conventional energy harvesters often require high ambient vibration frequencies and can only capture vibration energy in a single direction. To address these issues, this paper designs a magnetostrictive two-dimensional kinetic energy harvester placed under the floor and capable of capturing energy in both vertical and horizontal directions. In order to achieve higher electrical power output at low-frequency
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Monitoring of crack repair in concrete using spherical smart aggregates based on electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-25 Chengming Lan, Honghui Liu, Shuo Zhuang, Jianjun Wang, Weijie Li, Genghao Lin
Cracks will inevitably occur in concrete structures or members during the construction process and service life due to aging, environmental factors, external loads, etc. To improve the strength and stability of the cracked concrete structures, many methods have been proposed to repair the cracks. However, the monitoring of the repairing process and repair quality has not been fully studied. The previous
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Kirigami-inspired self-powered pressure sensor based on shape fixation treatment in IPMC material Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Jen-Hahn Low, Pei-Song Chee, Eng-Hock Lim, Vinod Ganesan
Rapid advances in sensing technologies have brought about the fast development of wearable electronics for biomedical applications. Since its conception, over the years, the ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) is a new man-made material that has demonstrated its great potential for wearable devices due to self-powered sensing capabilities. Here, for the first time, a novel Kirigami technique with
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Modelling and simulation of a commercially available dielectric elastomer actuator Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Lukas Sohlbach, Hamza Hobbani, Christopher Blase, Fernando Perez-Peña, Karsten Schmidt
To fully harness the potential of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) in soft robots, advanced control methods are needed. An important groundwork for this is the development of a control-oriented model that can adequately describe the underlying dynamics of a DEA. Existing models commonly focus on custom-made DEAs, simplifying the modelling process due to well-known specifications and actuator structures
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A novel flexible catheter with integrated magnetic variable stiffness and actuation Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Xinling Li, Haibo Wang, Siyang Zuo
Flexible instruments offer significant advantages over traditional rigid instruments in ophthalmic surgery, because they can achieve larger working space and minimize the risk of damage caused by contact with eye tissues. However, it also needs to be rigid to achieve sufficient surgical operation force and stability. In this study, we propose a novel flexible catheter with integrated magnetic variable
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Few-shot meta transfer learning-based damage detection of composite structures Smart Mater. Struct. (IF 4.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Yan Chen, Xuebing Xu, Cheng Liu
Damage detection and localization using data-driven approaches in carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) composite structures is becoming increasingly important. However, the performance of conventional data-driven methods degrades greatly under little amount of data. In addition, the scarcity of data corresponding to defect/damage conditions of CFRP structures lead to extreme data imbalance, which