ABSTRACT We report a novel chemical method for the development of advanced lead free, multi-constituent-based composite materials for shielding against diagnostic X-rays by exploring the multi-elemental, multi-componential phases inherently present in red mud and brine sludge. The chemical treatment of red mud with citric acid and further using brine sludge leads to formation of two types of powders

ABSTRACT Presence of GO in PU muffles discharge of heat, smoke and CO and CO2 into atmosphere. The maximum improvement in mechanical properties achieved by including 2.0 wt-% of GO in PU framework, indicating an increase in tensile stress and elongation at break of 155.1% and 27.7% compared to PU. Primary temperature of thermal degradation of PU/GO nanocomposite increased by 36.5°C with 3.0 wt-% of

ABSTRACT The present study reports the synthesis of amine functionalised Graphene Oxide by two different methods, one by a modified Bucherer reaction and the other by using dodecyl amine. The synthesised amine functionalised Graphene oxide by modified Bucherer reaction (AGO) and by using dodecyl amine (DGO) was characterised by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis

ABSTRACT The Molecular Stress Function (MSF) constitutive model with convective constraint release (CCR) mechanism has been shown to accurately fit a large range of viscometric data, and also shown to give strong vortex growth in flows of LDPE through planar and axisymmetric contractions. This work compares simulation and experimental results for 3-D flows of Lupolen 1840H LDPE through a contraction

This study show influence of alkaline treatment on sisal fiber (SF) in different composites of starch matrices (SM) and cellulose acetate matrices (CAM). SF were modified with an aqueous 0.5M NaOH solution. Composites were prepared in proportion of 3% fiber/matrix (m/m) using casting method. The samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

In this paper, two-step cross-linking method was used to prepare a composite hydrogel. Explore the effects of the mass ratio of polyvinyl alcohol to sodium alginate, the concentration of cross-linking agent and the times of freeze-thaw cycle on the strength and self-healing properties of hydrogels. The hydrogel were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Environmental Scanning

Electrostatic discharge-sensitive devices (ESDS) consist of electronic systems that are easily damaged by electrostatic fields or discharges. To safely stow and transit the ESDS, Bosch Car Multimedia S.A. resorts to thermoformed trays with a specific design for each product configuration. Although efficient, the solutions’ specificity arose logistic issues that created the need for an alternative approach

Various thermal protective ablative materials (TPAM) have been extensively studied. However, there are few reports on the thermal stability, the ablation properties and ceramisation of vitreous silica fabric reinforced boron phenolic resin composites with an incorporation of MoSi2 (VMBPR) and their bending strength after ablation. At this work, the above performances of the composites were characterised

The reinforcement of recycled polypropylene (rPP) with mineral fillers, to obtain modulus values of 3000–4000 MPa has proven challenging for recyclers, whereas this is common practice for virgin PP. The main difference between recycled and virgin PP is the contaminating presence of other polymers. In this study, the composition of rPP sourced from electrical and electronic waste was analytically estimated

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), extracted from distiller’s grains by nitric acid-ethanol hydrolysis, was prepared for PLA composite films by solution casting. MCC based on the optimum comparison was characterised by particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the ultrasound combined sulphonation treatment was remarkable for the surface structure of MCC, compared

Acrylic adhesives offer design flexibility with its viscoelasticity. However, its use with composite parts has not been studied. In this regard, the aim of this work is to characterise the mode I delamination of acrylic adhesive bonded composite joints subjected to various displacement rates. This study used carbon/epoxy composite as the adherent and 3M adhesive film (VHB 4930F) as the adhesive. Double

ABSTRACT A method for predicting the optimal conditions for polymer extrusion, which relies only on gramscale laboratory experiments for two commercial polystyrene samples with two molecular weights is demonstrated by oscillatory rheology. These enable a shear viscosity map vs. temperature and shear rate to be constructed, together with the positions for the major molecular timescales. Alternative

The development of new radar-absorbing structures (RASs) with strong microwave absorption, fine thickness and adequate structural performance is imperative. Herein, nanocrystalline Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 was synthesised by a facile and effective sol–gel autocombustion technique. The structural and magnetic properties of ferrite were determined by various characterisation techniques, and E-glass/epoxy-based

A novel flame-retardant, polysilazane containing phosphorus (PPVSZ), was synthesised and used as flame-retardant to prepare glass fibre reinforced flame-retardant modified epoxy composites (GFRP-M). With the incorporation of PPVSZ, GFRP-M exhibited excellent thermal stability and the limited oxygen index values of GFRP-M/2.5 (GFRP-M with 2.5 wt-% of PPVSZ) and GFRP-M/5.0 (GFRP-M with 5.0 wt-% of PPVSZ)

ABSTRACT Historical constructions are exposed to weathering conditions and atmospheric pollution for many years which demolish the historical material as well as dramatically influence their visual aspects. Nowadays, the development of conservative coatings with weather-resistant, self-cleaning, and hydrophobic properties is a promising challenge for carbonate stones. In this study, a simple synthesis

ABSTRACT Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into polyamide 6 in an attempt to enhance notched impact resistance and damping performance. The morphology, mechanical, thermal and viscoelastic properties of different samples were studied. Scanning electron microscopy study indicated a uniform distribution of fine TPU droplets in PA6/TPU blend. Furthermore, well-dispersed

ABSTRACT An organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite material was fabricated by blending epoxy resin with hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene-based quaternary ammonium salt (HTPB-QAS) intercalated montmorillonite (MMT). The influence of HTPB-QAS-MMT content on the tribology and thermomechanical properties of the resulting epoxy-matrix nanocomposite was studied. The results show that suitable addition of

ABSTRACT A finite element (FE) approach was used to predict the barrier performance of nanocomposites with respect to fluids permeation. This could be, for example, a polymer with nanoreinforcements like graphene, and used as a coating or a liner. The model was verified with analytical and experimental measurements, and the influence on barrier performance of different flake characteristics – aspect

The effect of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) treatment of short bamboo fibres on mechanical properties and water absorption character of polyester composite is investigated. Treatment time and Na2CO3 concentration were optimised to 6 h and 5 wt-% respectively. Microscopy of the treated fibres showed a significant change in surface texture whereas; FTIR suggested the removal of amorphous compounds from the

The effects of mixing sequence of the polyether polyol and curing agent (triethylenetetramine) on mechanical and thermal properties and morphology of epoxy/polyether polyol/organoclay ternary nanocomposites are investigated in this study. The polyether polyol domain size data are relatively unchanged with mixing order both in epoxy/polyether polyol blends and in ternary nanocomposites. Generally, impact

Cultured marble is a blend of unsaturated polyester and calcium carbonate that is combined with pigments and additives to produce a wide range of colours and realistic, natural-looking patterns. This study aims to investigate process conditions (catalyst, temperature, cured time, etc …) of cultured marble at high temperatures. The optimized process conditions are obtained by thermal analysis from DSC

Epoxy resin (EP)-based composites have been widely used as a new type of insulating material in ultra-high voltage direct current transmission network. In this work, we prepare a series of TiO2-loaded EP composites and discuss the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on mechanical properties, and electrical properties. The results indicate that TiO2 nanoparticles can improve electrical characteristics of

Today, the production of polymeric nanocomposite materials is one of the most important research fields. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of organoclay particles on recycled polyester (rPET) fibre properties. In the literature, the studies mostly concerned with the engineering plastic applications, and hence the investigations were done on pellet and injection-moulded rPET/organoclay

This work is aimed to improve the dispersion of silica without compromise on the Mechanical and Dynamic properties, by the addition of Hydroxyl terminated poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS-OH). PDMS-OH is expected to interact with silica through hydrogen bonding which is reversible, reduces filler–filler interaction and hence improve the silica dispersion. Dissociation of hydrogen bonds which is reversible

With the idea of improving the mechanical properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) for potential industrial application, hybrid nanofillers prepared by hybridizing graphene oxide (GO) with halloysite nanotubes (HNT), were incorporated through mechanical blending to reinforce NBR. Graphene oxide/halloysite nanotubes (GH) hybrid filler demonstrates significant synergetic reinforcement effect

Epoxidised natural rubber (ENR)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/silica (SiO2) membranes at a mass ratio of ENR and PVC 60:40 (%w/w) have been prepared by adding different silica amounts. The morphology, mechanical properties, water absorption capacity and water permeability of the membrane were investigated. The membranes were applied for palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment, while treated and untreated

The production of silica masterbatches with reduced mixing energy consumption and enhanced mechanical properties has been developed. The unit operations in the process are the preparation of silica slurry in the presence of a suitable surfactant (in this case are ammonium laurate and diethylene glycol), the addition of the slurry to the fresh natural rubber latex (NRL) under stirring, coagulation of

Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a branch of additive manufacturing based on powders. The research was carried out to demonstrate the sintering feasibility of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and the evaluation of the parts of the mechanical property prepared by SLS at various laser powers was also conducted. Meanwhile, the morphology of the parts was examined through scanning electron

Electrical and shear behaviour of electrically conductive glass fibre/epoxy composites is studied under interlaminar shear loading. A well-connected network is developed by dispersing carbon nanotubes in the matrix and reinforcing micro carbon fibres between the glass laminates. The effect of carbon fibre length and their densities on the electrical and shear behaviour of the composite is investigated

New polymer composite, composed of artemisia argyi charcoal (AAC) and polypropylene (PP), was produced by extrusion and injection moulding process. ACC acted as filler for PP, and different content (5, 15, 35 and 50 wt-%) of ACC was added. AAC-PP composites (AACPC) were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, water absorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical test and thermogravimetric

The phosphorous acid (H3PO2) was used as reducing agent to prepare phosphorus modified graphene oxide (P-FGO) was added into the EP/APP. The thermal stability, flame resistance, morphology of the residue char layer and impact fracture, and mechanical properties of the composites materials were investigated with TGA LOI, UL-94, SEM, TEM, impact and tensile test. The results show that the filling of

In this study, binary (CB/MnO2) and ternary nanocomposites (CB/MnO2/PPy) include carbon black (CB) and manganese (IV) oxide (MnO2) and polypyrrole (PPy) were chemically synthesized and were characterized by many techniques such as : FTIR-ATR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, TGA-DTA analysis, XRD, TEM and BET surface analysis. Electroactive materials were used as a symmetric supercapacitor device system

In this study, a green and efficient method was demonstrated to produce few-layer graphene (FLG) with high quality and yield via liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphite in sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate aqueous solution by sonication. The final concentration of the as-prepared graphene was 0.96 mg mL−1 with a lateral size of about 2 μm after 2 h of sonication exfoliation. In addition, the polyamide

Chopped aramid fibre-reinforced rubber composite (AFRC) is widely used in industry owing to its excellent characteristics. Rubber’s mechanical properties vary with the addition of aramid fibres. Although hyperelastic constitutive models exist for unfilled and filled rubber with carbon black, constitutive models for AFRCs have not been investigated yet. Here, we present experimental results demonstrating

In this study, a novel flexible piezoresistive strain sensor was prepared by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to encapsulate carbonised waste polybenzoxazine (cPBa). Benefiting from the porous conductive framework of cPBa, the infused PDMS endowed the cPBa/PDMS strain sensor with excellent mechanical properties. It was observed that this sensor exhibited both negative and positive piezoresistive effects

In this study, the hyperbranched polyester (HBP) was grafted onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO) to prepare functionalised GO (fGO). Results of X-ray photoelectron spectra, Thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy confirmed the success of grafting. Moreover, the anti-corrosion performance and barrier properties of the bare steel, and

The aim of the work was the investigation of the effect of dicumyl peroxide and different types of co-agents on cross-linking and physical–mechanical properties of vulcanisates based on acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber. First, dicumyl peroxide was applied for cross-linking at different curing temperatures. Based on the achieved results, the optimum temperature and peroxide concentration was chosen for

Despite the vast applications of fibre-reinforced polymer composites in multiple domains, conventional fabrication is laden with many difficulties, thus bringing focus on Additive manufacturing technologies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of infill percentage, layer thickness and carbon fibre layer position on the mechanical tensile performance of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) printed

In this study, the calcification and platelet adhesion resistance property of plasma-treated polyurethane/heparinised carbon nano tube (PU/HCNT) nanocomposite thin films as a candidate polymer for polymeric heart valve was investigated. The PU and HCNTs nanocomposite films (PU/HCNT) were prepared using the solvent casting technique. CNTs were heparinised to surpass the dispersal and calcification resistance

In order to enhance properties of polylactic acid (PLA), its blend with polycarbonate (PC) and silica nanofiller were prepared and their properties were compared with neat PLA and PLA/PC alloy. To have a better exchange reaction between PLA and PC and also an enhanced dispersion of nanosilica throughout the organic polymeric matrix, tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (TEH) and poly(ethylene-co-glycidyl methacrylate)

Creep behaviour of an epoxy matrix composite with a similar arrangement of composites used in a root joint of a wind turbine blade is investigated in this research. The vacuum infusion process was used to manufacture the composite. Due to the linearity of the viscoelastic behaviour of the composite, the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP) is applied by using an activation energy shifting

Owing to the thermal management of polymer-based thermal conductive composites provide great performance in various applications, widespread attention has been focused on the design and fabrication of thermally conductive materials. In the work, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) / boron nitride (BN) composites with segregated structures were fabricated by a facile heat-treatment powder

With the development of rocket and aerospace technology in recent decades, people have put forward higher requirements on the heat resistance and ablation performance of thermal protection materials. In this paper, zirconia fibre hybrid alumina fibre/boron phenolic (ZA/BPF) ceramifiable composites, based on ceramic fillers of MgO, Al2O3, SiC and mica-modified boron phenolic resin matrix, were prepared

In this paper, we examined glass transition, a very important parameter that determines the properties and applications of epoxy resins by the innovative approach of kinetic study. The effect of thermoplastic filler Polyethylene Glycol-1000 (PEG-1000) on the kinetics of glass transition temperature of epoxy was analysed by varying the filler loadings and the heating rates. The differential scanning

The interest in natural fibre composites as load-bearing elements has increased strongly in recent years. As natural fibres offer good biodegradability, strong reinforcement and low production costs, some industry sectors have started to substitute conventionally used materials. One excellent example for natural reinforcements is curaua fibres. Regardless, the use of natural fibres in prepregs is still

The halogen-free flame retardant (HFFR) styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS)/high impact polystyrene (HIPS)/polyphenylene oxide (PPO) composites filled with aluminium hypophosphite (AHP) and melamine cyanurate (MCA) had been prepared. The thermal stability, flame retardancy, carbon slag structure, mechanical and rheological properties of SEBS/HIPS/PPO composites had been investigated. The research

Polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic urethane (TPU)/boron nitride (BN) composites were successfully prepared, the effect of microstructure evolution along with the compositional change and annealing treatment on the thermal conductivity of composite was investigated. Owing to the selective distribution of BN in low-viscosity TPU phase, the compactness of thermally conductive networks in PLA/TPU/BN composites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were organic modified by the synthesized flame retardant (FR) named as spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphorate disphosphoryl chloride/10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (SPDH). CNTs-g-SPDH with a core-shell microstructure was successfully obtained, and its grafting efficiency was calculated to be about 65%. Effects of pristine CNTs

This paper aims to increase the through-plane thermal conductivity of polymer composites by adjusting the filler orientation. Two methods were tested: a combination of immiscible polymers (PP-PET) and adding a foaming agent to a PA6-based composite. In both cases, graphite was used as a thermal conductive filler. Compounds with 10, 20 and 30 wt-% graphite were made for both methods. The through-plane

Isocyanate-functionalised graphene (iGO) was prepared and incorporated into a thermoplastic polyurethane via an in situ polymerisation. Firstly, graphene oxide was successfully modified using a mixture of isocyanate- and diisocyanate-containing compounds, leading to the formation of good dispersions of resulting functional graphene oxide in organic solvents, such as N,N-dimethylacetamide and N,N-dimethylformamide

The present work focuses on the determination of volume change accompanying deformation and Poisson's ratio for electrospun nanofibrous membranes. For this purpose, polyurethane (PU) is considered for the fabrication of electrospun nanofibrous membranes. Three different sample thicknesses are fabricated. Following this, surface morphology analysis and fibre orientation analysis are conducted to investigate

Glycerol plasticised soy protein isolate (SPI) films at different contents (1 to 5% w/w w.r.t SPI) of zinc sulphide (ZnS) nanoparticles were fabricated. Before the film formation, the ZnS nanoparticles incorporated SPI suspensions were subjected to molecular mass studies by SDS-PAGE and specific conductivity studies. SPI films and ZnS nanoparticles incorporated SPI films were structurally and mechanically

An improved technique of resin delivery, called double-bag progressive compression method (DBPCM), has been developed to manufacture composite parts associated with the vacuum infusion (VI) process. During resin infusion, both bags are pulled upward by the vacuum and the flow resistance offered by the preform is reduced. After the completion of resin infusion, the vacuum on the segmented bags are progressively

The use of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and acrylic acid (AAc) as grafting monomers to improve the mechanical properties, particularly tensile strength, of recycled polyethylene (R-PE) is reported in this study. The AAc monomer was implemented to improve the stability of radical chains which could undergo GMA grafting. When the content of GMA and AAc was 1.2% and 0.6%, respectively, the tensile strength

This paper mainly deals with the specific damping capacity (SDC) of carbon fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRP) plates with holes of different sizes, positions and quantity control. Through establishing a three-dimensional damping matrix and using the finite element analysis (FEA) and Matlab, numerical calculations were conducted on the SDC of CFRP plates with same layering scheme, and a vibration test

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) was heat treated at 180°C using a vacuum oven for one hour, extruded and compounded with high-density polyethylene at 10%, 20% and 30% weight fraction. The composites then were injection moulded into dumb-bell shaped specimens. The effect of composition and heat treatment on the thermal properties of composites were investigated using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

The aim of the paper was to determine the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of heat-treated wood-polypropylene polymer composites (WPCs) and to select the composites having the optimum properties with the PROMETHEE method. In this study, polypropylene (PP) as a matrix, wood thermally treated at 180°C and 220°C as reinforcement filler were examined for preparing composites. The PP composites

In this study, composite materials from agricultural biomass and polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic were produced by melt compounding using a melt mixer. The chemical interaction of sugarcane bagasse (SCB)-PP and soft wood (SW)-PP composites and corresponding cellulose were verified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Herein, a novel branched polyamide (BPA-1and BPA-2) was synthesised by direct polycondensation using branched polyethyleneimine and two different dicarboxylic acids (adipic acid and Hexafluoroisopropylidene bis benzoic acid) as monomers. The newly developed BPA was blended with poly (acrylonitrile) (PAN) separately at ratio of 3:1 (BPA/PAN) to form a branched BPA/PAN membrane via the solution-casting

A dense polyimide (PI) composite reinforced by quartz fibres (QFs), was prepared by vacuum assisted polymer infiltration and hot-pressing in this work. The microstructures and the mechanical properties of the as-fabricated composites were investigated. The results show a high flexural strength (≈686 MPa) of the composite, due to its dense nature. Moreover, there was no significant change in the bending