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Geometry Scaling for Externally Balanced Cascade Deterministic Lateral Displacement Microfluidic Separation of Multi-Size Particles Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-17 Heyu Yin, Sylmarie Dávila-Montero, Andrew J. Mason
To non-invasively monitor personal biological and environmental samples in Internet of Things (IoT)-based wearable microfluidic sensing applications, the particle size could be key to sensing, which emphasizes the need for particle size fractionation. Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is a microfluidic structure that has shown great potential for the size fractionation of micro- and nano-sized
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Comprehensive Study and Design of Graphene Transistor Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Qian Cai, Jiachi Ye, Belal Jahannia, Hao Wang, Chandraman Patil, Rasul Al Foysal Redoy, Abdulrahman Sidam, Sinan Sameer, Sultan Aljohani, Muhammed Umer, Aseel Alsulami, Essa Shibli, Bassim Arkook, Yas Al-Hadeethi, Hamed Dalir, Elham Heidari
Graphene, renowned for its exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, takes center stage in the realm of next-generation electronics. In this paper, we provide a thorough investigation into the comprehensive fabrication process of graphene field-effect transistors. Recognizing the pivotal role graphene quality plays in determining device performance, we explore many techniques and
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Design of High-Gain Antenna Arrays for Terahertz Applications Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Xinran Ji, Yu Chen, Jing Li, Dian Wang, Yue Zhao, Qiannan Wu, Mengwei Li
A terahertz band (0.1–10 THz) has the characteristics of rich spectrum resources, high transmission speed, strong penetration, and clear directionality. However, the terahertz signal will suffer serious attenuation and absorption during transmission. Therefore, a terahertz antenna with high gain, high efficiency, and wide bandwidth is an indispensable key component of terahertz wireless systems and
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Modeling and Simulation of Graphene-Based Transducers in NEMS Accelerometers Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Chang He, Jie Ding, Xuge Fan
The mechanical characteristics of graphene ribbons with an attached proof mass that can be used as NEMS transducers have been minimally studied, which hinders the development of graphene-based NEMS devices. Here, we simulated the mechanical characteristics of graphene ribbons with an attached proof mass using the finite element method. We studied the impact of force, residual stress, and geometrical
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A Whole W-Band Multi-Polarization Horn Antenna Based on Boifot-Type OMT Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Yun Zhao, Bo Zhu, Jiangqiao Ding, Sheng Li
A wideband multi-polarized square-horn antenna based on an orthogonal mode transducer (OMT) is developed for working in the whole W-band in this paper. The designed antenna is capable of radiating multiple polarization modes as horizontal polarization (HP) and vertical polarization (VP) when as single-port excitation and left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) and right-handed circular polarization
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Influence of Aging on the Flexural Strength of PLA and PLA-X 3D-Printed Materials Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Nenad Mitrović, Zorana Golubović, Aleksandra Mitrović, Milan Travica, Isaak Trajković, Miloš Milošević, Aleksandar Petrović
The three-point bending test is a valuable method for evaluating the mechanical properties of 3D-printed biomaterials, which can be used in various applications. The use of 3D printing in specimen preparation enables precise control over material composition and microstructure, facilitating the investigation of different printing parameters and advanced materials. The traditional approach to analyzing
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The Development of the Stress-Free Polishing System Based on the Positioning Error Analysis for the Deterministic Polishing of Jet Electrochemical Machining Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Ke Wang, Hongding Wang, Yanlong Zhang, Huirong Shi, Jiahao Shi
Deterministic polishing based on jet electrochemical machining (Jet-ECM) is a stress-free machining method for low-rigidity and ultra-precision workpieces. The nozzle is equivalent to a special tool in deterministic polishing, and the workpiece material is removed using the mechanism of electrochemical dissolution at the position where the nozzle passes. By precisely regulating the nozzle’s movement
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Origin of the High Density of Oxygen Vacancies at the Back Channel of Back-Channel-Etched a-InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistors Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Shimin Ge, Juncheng Xiao, Shan Li, Dong Yuan, Yuhua Dong, Shengdong Zhang
This study reveals the pronounced density of oxygen vacancies (Vo) at the back channel of back-channel-etched (BCE) a-InGaZnO (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) results from the sputtered deposition rather than the wet etching process of the source/drain metal, and they are distributed within approximately 25 nm of the back surface. Furthermore, the existence and distribution depth of the high density
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Integrated Circuit of a Chua’s System Based on the Integral-Differential Nonlinear Resistance With Multi-Path Voltage-Controlled Oscillator Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Zhikui Duan, Huosheng Li, Shaobo He, Yongxi Long, Xinmei Yu, Qingqing Ke
In this paper, we present a fully integrated circuit without inductance implementing Chua’s chaotic system. The circuit described in this study utilizes the SMIC 180 nm CMOS process and incorporates a multi-path voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The integral-differential nonlinear resistance is utilized as a variable impedance component in the circuit, constructed using discrete devices from a microelectronics
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Sensor-Fusion-Based Simultaneous Positioning and Vibration Suppression Method for a Three-Degrees-of-Freedom Isolator Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Jing Wang, Lei Wang, Peng Jin, Zhen Zhang, Pengxuan Li, Ritao Xiao
For vibration isolation systems, vibration suppression and platform positioning are both important. Since absolute velocity feedback causes difficulty in achieving positioning while suppressing vibration, an H∞ control strategy based on sensor fusion feedback is proposed in this paper. The signals of inertial and displacement sensors are fused through a pair of complementary filters. Thus, active control
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Directionally Illuminated Autostereoscopy with Seamless Viewpoints for Multi-Viewers Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Aiqin Zhang, Xuehao Chen, Jiahui Wang, Yong He, Jianying Zhou
Autostereoscopy is usually perceived at finite viewpoints that result from the separated pixel array of a display system. With directionally illuminated autostereoscopy, the separation of the illumination channel from the image channel provides extra flexibility in optimizing the performance of autostereoscopy. This work demonstrates that by taking advantage of illumination freedom, seamless viewpoints
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Viewing-Angle-Enhanced and Dual-View Compatible Integral Imaging 3D Display Based on a Dual Pinhole Array Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Hui Deng, Guojiao Lv, Huan Deng, Zesheng Liu
Conventional integral imaging (InIm) three-dimensional (3D) display has the defect of a small viewing angle and usually presents a single 3D image. In this paper, we propose a viewing-angle-enhanced and dual-view compatible InIm 3D display system. The crosstalk pixel areas within the conventional elemental images (EIs) that result in image crosstalk were effectively utilized either for viewing angle
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A Novel 3D-Printed and Miniaturized Periodic Counter Current Chromatography System for Continuous Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Carlotta Kortmann, Taieb Habib, Christopher Heuer, Dörte Solle, Janina Bahnemann
Continuous chromatography has emerged as one of the most attractive methods for protein purification. Establishing such systems involves installing several chromatographic units in series to enable continuous separation processes and reduce the cost of the production of expensive proteins and biopharmaceuticals (such as monoclonal antibodies). However, most of the established systems are bulky and
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A Broadband Transmitarray Antenna Using a Metasurface-Based Element for Millimeter-Wave Applications Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Yue Cao, Miaojuan Zhang, Chong Fan, Jian-Xin Chen
In this manuscript, a broadband transmitarray antenna (TA) using a metasurface-based element is presented for millimeter-wave communication applications. The metasurface-based TA element adopts a receiver–transmitter configuration: metasurfaces are applied as the receiver and transmitter, and slot-coupled differentially fed striplines are used as the phase compensation. The designed TA element achieves
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Wide Field of View Under-Panel Optical Lens Design for Fingerprint Recognition of Smartphone Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Cheng-Mu Tsai, Sung-Jr Wu, Yi-Chin Fang, Pin Han
Fingerprint recognition is a widely used biometric authentication method in LED-backlight smartphones. Due to the increasing demand for full-screen smartphones, under-display fingerprint recognition has become a popular trend. In this paper, we propose a design of an optical fingerprint recognition lens for under-display smartphones. The lens is composed of three plastic aspheric lenses, with an effective
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A Phase Model of the Bio-Inspired NbOx Local Active Memristor under Weak Coupling Conditions Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Xuetiao Ma, Yiran Shen
For some so-called computationally difficult problems, using the method of Boolean logic is fundamentally inefficient. For example, the vertex coloring problem looks very simple, but the number of possible solutions increases sharply with the increase of graph vertices. This is the difficulty of the problem. This complexity has been widely studied because of its wide applications in the fields of data
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All-Optical XOR, AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND, and XNOR Logic Operations Based on M-Shaped Silicon Waveguides at 1.55 μm Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Amer Kotb, Kyriakos E. Zoiros, Wei Chen
Silicon waveguides are essential to integrated photonics, which is where optical and electronic components are coupled together on a single silicon chip. These waveguides allow for the integration of signal processing and optical transmission, which advances data centers, telecommunications, and other optical applications. Thus, our study involves the simulation of essential all-optical logic operations
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Parallel Grooved Microstructure Manufacturing on the Surface of Si3N4 Ceramics by Femtosecond Laser Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Xufeng Wen, Yanfeng Gao, Hua Zhang, Yaxin Yang
Machining special microstructures on the surface of silicon nitride ceramics helps improve their service performance. However, the high brittleness and low fracture toughness of silicon nitride ceramics make it extremely difficult to machine microstructures on their surface. In this study, a femtosecond laser is used to machine parallel grooved microstructures on the surface of silicon nitride ceramics
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High-Quality Spherical Silver Alloy Powder for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Using Plasma Rotating Electrode Process Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Hao Li, Shenghuan Zhang, Qiaoyu Chen, Zhaoyang Du, Xingyu Chen, Xiaodan Chen, Shiyi Zhou, Shuwen Mei, Linda Ke, Qinglei Sun, Zuowei Yin, Jie Yin, Zheng Li
The plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) is an ideal method for the preparation of metal powders such as nickel-based, titanium-based, and iron-based alloys due to its low material loss and good degree of sphericity. However, the preparation of silver alloy powder by PREP remains challenging. The low hardness of the mould casting silver alloy leads to the bending of the electrode rod when subjected
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Enhancing Manufacturability of SU-8 Piezoelectric Composite Films for Microsystem Applications Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Irma Rocio Vazquez, Zeynel Guler, Nathan Jackson
Piezoelectric thin films are extensively used as sensing or actuating layers in various micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. However, most piezoelectrics are stiff ceramics, and current polymer piezoelectrics are not compatible with microfabrication due to their low Curie Temperature. Recent polymer-composite piezoelectrics have gained interest but can be difficult to pattern. Photodefinable
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Modern Trends in Microelectronics Packaging Reliability Testing Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Emmanuel Bender, Joseph B. Bernstein, Duane S. Boning
In this review, recent trends in microelectronics packaging reliability are summarized. We review the technology from early packaging concepts, including wire bond and BGA, to advanced techniques used in HI schemes such as 3D stacking, interposers, fan-out packaging, and more recently developed silicon interconnect fabric integration. This review includes approaches for both design modification studies
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Experimental Investigation of Reflectarray Antennas for High-Power Microwave Applications Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Jianing Zhao, Yongzhen Dong, Hao Li, Tianming Li, Wei Liu, Yihong Zhou, Haiyang Wang, Biao Hu, Fang Li, Keqiang Wang, Bin Qiu
The power capacity of reflectarray antennas (RAs) is investigated through full-wave simulations and high-power microwave (HPM) experiments in this paper. In order to illustrate the results in detail, two RA elements are designed. The simulated power handling capacity of two RA elements are 7.17 MW/m2 and 2.3 GW/m2, respectively. To further study the HPM RA, two RA prototypes operating at 2.8 GHz are
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A Review on Material Selection Benchmarking in GeTe-Based RF Phase-Change Switches for Each Layer Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Sheng Qu, Libin Gao, Jiamei Wang, Hongwei Chen, Jihua Zhang
The global demand for radio frequency (RF) modules and components has grown exponentially in recent decades. RF switches are the essential unit in RF front-end and reconfigurable systems leading to the rapid development of novel and advanced switch technology. Germanium telluride (GeTe), as one of the Chalcogenide phase-change materials, has been applied as an RF switch due to its low insertion loss
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Self-Powered Flow Rate Sensing via a Single-Electrode Flowing Liquid Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Duy-Linh Vu, Quang-Tan Nguyen, Pil-Seung Chung, Kyoung-Kwan Ahn
Recently, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as having an important role in the next wave of technology due to their large potential applications in energy harvesting and smart sensing. Recognizing this, a device based on TENGs, which can solve some of the problems in the liquid flow measurement process, was considered. In this paper, a new method to measure the liquid flow rate through
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Deposition of FeOOH Layer on Ultrathin Hematite Nanoflakes to Promote Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Wenyao Zhang, Ya Zhang, Xiao Miao, Ling Zhao, Changqing Zhu
Hematite is one of the most promising photoanode materials for the study of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting because of its ideal bandgap with sufficient visible light absorption and stability in alkaline electrolytes. However, owing to the intrinsically high electron-hole recombination, the PEC performance of hematite is still far below that expected. The efficient charge separation can
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Design of Inner Matching Three-Stage High-Power Doherty Power Amplifier Based on GaN HEMT Model Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Renyi Li, Chen Ge, Chenwei Liang, Shichang Zhong
This paper introduces the structure and characteristics of an internal-matching high-power Doherty power amplifier based on GaN HEMT devices with 0.25 μm process platforms from the Nanjing Electronic Devices Institute. Through parameter extraction and load-pull testing of the model transistor, an EE_HEMT model for the 1.2 mm gate-width GaN HEMT device was established. This model serves as the foundation
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Nature-Inspired Superhydrophobic Coating Materials: Drawing Inspiration from Nature for Enhanced Functionality Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Subodh Barthwal, Surbhi Uniyal, Sumit Barthwal
Superhydrophobic surfaces, characterized by exceptional water repellency and self-cleaning properties, have gained significant attention for their diverse applications across industries. This review paper comprehensively explores the theoretical foundations, various fabrication methods, applications, and associated challenges of superhydrophobic surfaces. The theoretical section investigates the underlying
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Dimensional Fidelity and Orientation Effects of PolyJet Technology in 3D Printing of Negative Features for Microfluidic Applications Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Michael Krause, Analise Marshall, Jeffrey K. Catterlin, Terak Hornik, Emil P. Kartalov
Negative features in microdevices find a wide range of applications. The process of 3D printing has revolutionized their fabrication due to the combination of good resolution and integration capability. Herein, we report on a systematic study of the effects of materials and print directions on the 3D printing of microfluidic channels as negative features under PolyJet technology. Specifically, the
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Microfabricating Mirror-like Surface Precision Micro-Sized Amorphous Alloy Structures Using Jet-ECM Process Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Lei Han, Pingmei Ming, Shen Niu, Guangbin Yang, Dongdong Li, Kuaile Cheng
Amorphous alloy (AA) is a high-performance metal material generally with significantly excellent mechanical and corrosion resistance properties and thus is considered as a desirable material selection for micro-scale articles. However, the microfabrication of AA still faces a variety of technical challenges mainly because the materials are too hard to process and easily lose their original properties
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A Current-Mode Analog Front-End for Capacitive Length Transducers in Pneumatic Muscle Actuators Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Guido Di Patrizio Stanchieri, Andrea De Marcellis, Marco Faccio, Elia Palange, Michele Gabrio Antonelli, Pierluigi Beomonte Zobel
This paper reports on the design, implementation, and characterization of a current-mode analog-front-end circuit for capacitance-to-voltage conversion that can be used in connection with a large variety of sensors and actuators in industrial and rehabilitation medicine applications. The circuit is composed by: (i) an oscillator generating a square wave signal whose frequency and pulse width is a function
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β-Cyclodextrin-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticle Production Combined with Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Visual Detection of Contagious Pathogens Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Rajamanickam Sivakumar, Jae Yoon Byun, Nae Yoon Lee
β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a water-soluble, non-toxic, biocompatible, and cage compound that contains six, seven, or eight α-(1–4)-attached D-glucopyranose residues. The hydroxyl group in the β-CD is responsible for the reduction of metal ions as well as stabilizing the nanoparticles. In this study, we developed a colorimetric assay for identifying contagious pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 and Enterococcus
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Chitosan as an Alternative to Oil-Based Materials for the Fabrication of Lab-on-a-Chip Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Morgane Zimmer, Stéphane Trombotto, Emmanuelle Laurenceau, Anne-Laure Deman
Given the growing importance of lab-on-a-chip in a number of fields, such as medical diagnosis or environmental analysis, the fact that the current fabrication process relies mainly on oil-based polymers raises an ecological concern. As an eco-responsible alternative, we presented, in this article, a manufacturing process for microfluidic devices from chitosan, a bio-sourced, biodegradable, and biocompatible
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Application of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Soft Magnetic Materials in Balanced-Force-Type Electromagnetic Relay Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Ding Ding, Jiaxin You, Xiangqian Cui, Yutong Xue, Xu Tan, Guofu Zhai
The magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials, including their saturation magnetic induction strength and permeability, significantly affect the dynamic characteristics of electromagnetic relays. However, the soft materials most commonly used for relays in the magnetic conductive components of electromagnetic systems, such as electrical pure iron, limit further relay design improvement and optimization
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Study on Laser-Electrochemical Hybrid Polishing of Selective Laser Melted 316L Stainless Steel Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Jun Liu, Chunbo Li, Huan Yang, Jiani Liu, Jiayan Wang, Leimin Deng, Licun Fang, Can Yang
The process of forming metal components through selective laser melting (SLM) results in inherent spherical effects, powder adhesion, and step effects, which collectively lead to surface roughness in stainless steel, limiting its potential for high-end applications. This study utilizes a laser-electrochemical hybrid process to polish SLM-formed 316L stainless steel (SS) and examines the influence of
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Delamination of Plasticized Devices in Dynamic Service Environments Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Wenchao Tian, Xuyang Chen, Guoguang Zhang, Yuanming Chen, Jijun Luo
With the continuous development of advanced packaging technology in heterogeneous semiconductor integration, the delamination failure problem in a dynamic service environment has gradually become a key factor limiting the reliability of packaging devices. In this paper, the delamination failure mechanism of polymer-based packaging devices is clarified by summarizing the relevant literature and the
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Fabrication of a Microfluidic Test Device with a 3D Printer and Its Combination with the Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method to Detect Streptococcus pyogenes Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Hayriye Kirkoyun Uysal, Meltem Eryildiz, Mehmet Demirci
New rapid, reliable, and cost-effective alternative systems are needed for the rapid diagnosis of Streptococcus pyogenes. The aim of this study was to fabricate a microfluidic test device to detect Streptococcus pyogenes by combining the Loop-mediated isothermal amplification method via a 3D printer. Microfluidic test devices were designed in CATIA V5 Release 16 software, and data were directly transferred
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Assessment of the Nonlinear Electrophoretic Migration of Nanoparticles and Bacteriophages Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Adrian Lomeli-Martin, Zakia Azad, Julie A. Thomas, Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas
Bacteriophage therapy presents a promising avenue for combating antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Yet, challenges exist, particularly, the lack of a straightforward purification pipeline suitable for widespread application to many phage types, as some phages are known to undergo significant titer loss when purified via current techniques. Electrokinetic methods offer a potential solution to
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Development of Organ-on-a-Chip System with Continuous Flow in Simulated Microgravity Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Arnis Strods, Karīna Narbute, Valērija Movčana, Kévin Gillois, Roberts Rimša, Patrik Hollos, Fēlikss Rūmnieks, Arnita Spule, Gatis Mozoļevskis, Arturs Abols
Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is an innovative microfluidic device mimicking the structure and functionality of real tissue. OOCs typically involve cell culture with microfluidics to emulate the biological forces of different organ tissues and disease states, providing a next-generation experimental platform. When combined with simulated microgravity conditions, such as those produced by random positioning
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An Analytical Mechanics Model for the Rotary Sliding Triboelectric Nanogenerator Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Guangping Gong, Maoyi Zhang, Dongqi An, Rui Li, Yewang Su
In recent years, global attention towards new energy has surged due to increasing energy demand and environmental concerns. Researchers have intensified their focus on new energy, leading to advancements in technologies like triboelectrification, which harnesses energy from the environment. The invention of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has led to new possibilities, with the rotary sliding
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Simulation and Optimization of Surface Roughness and Process Performance during Machining of HSS by Micro-WEDM Technology Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Ľuboslav Straka, Ivan Čorný
When machining high-speed steels (HSS) with micro-wire electrical discharge machining (micro-WEDM), high surface quality is achieved as standard. The value of the roughness parameter Ra is less than 0.2 μm. However, the problem is the performance of the electroerosion process (MRR), which is low. This problem is related to the mechanical and physical properties of the HSS in combination with the setting
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Development of Fluorescent Sensors for Biorelevant Anions in Aqueous Media Using Positively Charged Quantum Dots Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Hitalo J. B. Silva, Claudete F. Pereira, Goreti Pereira, Giovannia A. L. Pereira
Quantum dots (QDs) have captured the attention of the scientific community due to their unique optical and electronic properties, leading to extensive research for different applications. They have also been employed as sensors for ionic species owing to their sensing properties. Detecting anionic species in an aqueous medium is a challenge because the polar nature of water weakens the interactions
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A Multilayered GaAs IPD Resonator with Five Airbridges for Sensor System Application Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Xiao-Yu Zhang, Zhi-Ji Wang, Jian Chen, Eun-Seong Kim, Nam-Young Kim, Jong-Chul Lee
This work proposes a microwave resonator built from gallium arsenide using integrated passive device (IPD) technology. It consists of a three-layered interlaced spiral structure with airbridges and inner interdigital structures. For integrated systems, IPD technology demonstrated outstanding performance, robustness, and a tiny size at a low cost. The airbridges were made more compact, with overall
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Single-Ended Eddy Current Micro-Displacement Sensor with High Precision Based on Temperature Compensation Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Zhengping Xu, Yongtong Feng, Yi Liu, Fengxin Shi, Yang Ge, Han Liu, Wei Cao, Hong Zhou, Shuang Geng, Wenqi Lin
To measure the micro-displacement reliably with high precision, a single-ended eddy current sensor based on temperature compensation was studied in detail. At first, the principle of the eddy current sensor was introduced, and the manufacturing method of the probe was given. The overall design plan for the processing circuit was induced by analyzing the characteristics of the probe output signal. The
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A Novel Thin-Layer Flow Cell Sensor System Based on BDD Electrode for Heavy Metal Ion Detection Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Danlin Xiao, Junfeng Zhai, Zhongkai Shen, Qiang Wang, Shengnan Wei, Yang Li, Chao Bian
An electrochemical sensor based on a thin-layer flow cell and a boron-doped diamond (BDD) working electrode was fabricated for heavy metal ions determination using anodic stripping voltammetry. Furthermore, a fluidic automatic detection system was developed. With the wide potential window of the BDD electrode, Zn2+ with high negative stripping potential was detected by this system. Due to the thin-layer
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A Bio-Inspired Drag Reduction Method of Bionic Fish Skin Mucus Structure Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Pengfei Zhao, Xin Li, Zhengjie Luo, Qihang Zhai, Ye Tian, Kaisheng Zhang, Hao Guo
Efforts to enhance the speed and reduce the energy consumption of underwater vehicles have led to the proposal of a novel mucus release structure inspired by the secretion of mucus cells on fish skin. This structure features interconnected microgrooves with excellent flexibility for adjusting to different states, effectively reducing drag through mucus release. Numerical analysis of the drag reduction
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An Improved Seeker Optimization Algorithm for Phase Sensitivity Enhancement of a Franckeite- and WS2-Based SPR Biosensor for Waterborne Bacteria Detection Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-03 Chong Yue, Xiuting Zhao, Lei Tao, Chuntao Zheng, Yueqing Ding, Yongcai Guo
For the purpose of detecting waterborne bacteria, a high-phase-sensitivity SPR sensor with an Ag–TiO2–Franckeite–WS2 hybrid structure is designed using an improved seeker optimization algorithm (ISOA). By optimizing each layer of sensor construction simultaneously, the ISOA guarantees a minimum reflectance of less than 0.01 by Ag (20.36 nm)–TiO2 (6.08 nm)–Franckeite (monolayer)–WS2 (bilayer) after
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Attitude Algorithm of Gyroscope-Free Strapdown Inertial Navigation System Using Kalman Filter Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Xiong Jiang, Tao Liu, Jie Duan, Maosheng Hou
A gyroscope-free strapdown inertial navigation system (GFSINS) solves the carrier attitude through the reasonable spatial combination of accelerometers, with a particular focus on the precision of angular velocity calculation. This paper conducts an analysis of a twelve-accelerometer configuration scheme and proposes an angular velocity fusion algorithm based on the Kalman filter. To address the sign
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3D Printed Devices for the Separation of Blood Plasma from Capillary Samples Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Giulia Deiana, Stewart Smith
Sample preparation is a critical requirement for many clinical tests and diagnostic procedures, but it is difficult to perform on a lab-on-a-chip platform. The analytical side of microfluidic technologies has been gradually catching up with laboratory methods in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability. There is a growing need for the development of sample preparation modules that can either
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Long-Travel 3-PRR Parallel Platform Based on Biomimetic Variable-Diameter Helical Flexible Hinges Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Hao Dong, Pengbo Liu, Shuaishuai Lu, Peng Yan, Qiyuan Sun
Technological advancements across various sectors are driving a growing demand for large-scale three-degree-of-freedom micro–nano positioning platforms, with substantial pressure to reduce footprints while enhancing motion range and accuracy. This study proposes a three-prismatic-revolute-revolute (3-PRR) parallel mechanism based on biomimetic variable-diameter helical flexible hinges. The resulting
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Surface Roughness of Interior Fine Flow Channels in Selective Laser Melted Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Components Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Shamoon Al Islam, Liang Hao, Zunaira Javaid, Wei Xiong, Yan Li, Yasir Jamil, Qiaoyu Chen, Guangchao Han
A challenge remains in achieving adequate surface roughness of SLM fabricated interior channels, which is crucial for fuel delivery in the space industry. This study investigated the surface roughness of interior fine flow channels (1 mm diameter) embedded in SLM fabricated TC4 alloy space components. A machine learning approach identified layer thickness as a significant factor affecting interior
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A Sensitivity-Enhanced Vertical-Resonant MEMS Electric Field Sensor Based on TGV Technology Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Yahao Gao, Simin Peng, Xiangming Liu, Yufei Liu, Wei Zhang, Chunrong Peng, Shanhong Xia
In order to enhance the sensitivity of wafer-level vacuum-packaged electric field sensors, this paper proposed a vertical-resonant MEMS electric field sensor based on TGV (Through Glass Via) technology. The microsensor is composed of the electric field sensing cover, the drive cover, and the SOI-based microstructures between them. TGV technology is innovatively used to fabricate the electric field
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A Modulation Method for Tunnel Magnetoresistance Current Sensors Noise Suppression Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Shuaipeng Wang, Haichao Huang, Ying Yang, Yanning Chen, Zhen Fu, Zhenhu Jin, Zhenyu Shi, Xingyin Xiong, Xudong Zou, Jiamin Chen
To mitigate the impact of low-frequency noise from the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) current sensor and ambient stray magnetic fields on weak current detection accuracy, we propose a high-resolution modulation-demodulation test method. This method modulates and demodulates the measurement signal, shifting low-frequency noise to the high-frequency band for effective filtering, thereby isolating the
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Material Design of Ultra-Thin InN/GaN Superlattices for a Long-Wavelength Light Emission Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Leilei Xiang, Enming Zhang, Wenyu Kang, Wei Lin, Junyong Kang
GaN heterostructure is a promising material for next-generation optoelectronic devices, and Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) has been widely used in ultraviolet and blue light emission. However, its applied potential for longer wavelengths still requires exploration. In this work, the ultra-thin InN/GaN superlattices (SL) were designed for long-wavelength light emission and investigated by first-principles
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Review of Droplet Printing Technologies for Flexible Electronic Devices: Materials, Control, and Applications Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Jiaxin Jiang, Xi Chen, Zexing Mei, Huatan Chen, Junyu Chen, Xiang Wang, Shufan Li, Runyang Zhang, Gaofeng Zheng, Wenwang Li
Flexible devices have extensive applications in areas including wearable sensors, healthcare, smart packaging, energy, automotive and aerospace sectors, and other related fields. Droplet printing technology can be utilized to print flexible electronic components with micro/nanostructures on various scales, exhibiting good compatibility and wide material applicability for device production. This paper
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Design of 2.45 GHz High-Efficiency Rectifying Circuit for Wireless RF Energy Collection System Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Yanhu Huang, Jiajun Liang, Zhao Wu, Qian Chen
A 2.45 GHz high-efficiency rectifying circuit for a wireless radiofrequency (RF) energy collection system is proposed. The RF energy collection system is composed of a transmitting antenna, a receiving antenna, a rectifying circuit and a load. The designed receiving antenna is a kind of dual-polarised cross-dipole antenna; its bandwidth is 2.3–2.5 GHz and gain is 7.97 dBi. The proposed rectifying circuit
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Electrokinetic Manipulation of Biological Cells towards Biotechnology Applications Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Songyuan Yan, Zarya Rajestari, Timothy Clifford Morse, Harbour Li, Lawrence Kulinsky
The presented study demonstrates the capability of the template-based electrokinetic assembly (TEA) and guidance to manipulate and capture individual biological cells within a microfluidic platform. Specifically, dielectrophoretic (DEP) focusing of K-562 cells towards lithographically-defined “wells” on the microelectrodes and positioning singles cells withing these “wells” was demonstrated. K-562
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The Effect of Different System Parameters on the Movement of Microbial Cells Using Light-Induced Dielectrophoresis Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Devin Keck, Suma Ravi, Shivam Yadav, Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
The manipulation of single particles remains a topic of interest with many applications. Here we characterize the impact of selected parameters on the motion of single particles thanks to dielectrophoresis (DEP) induced by visible light, in a technique called Light-induced Dielectrophoresis, or LiDEP, also known as optoelectronic tweezers, optically induced DEP, and image-based DEP. Baker’s yeast and
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Dual-Frequency Impedance Matching Network Design Using Genetic Algorithm for Power Ultrasound Transducer Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Wenchang Huang, Jiaqi Li, Shuai Wu, Yan He, Xiangxin Li, Zhitian Shen, Yaoyao Cui
Dual-frequency ultrasounds have demonstrated significant potential in augmenting thermal ablation efficiency for tumor treatment. Ensuring proper impedance matching between the dual-frequency transducer and the power amplifier system is imperative for equipment safety. This paper introduces a novel dual-frequency impedance matching network utilizing L-shaped topology and employing a genetic algorithm
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Intermittent-Aware Design Exploration of Systolic Array Using Various Non-Volatile Memory: A Comparative Study Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Nedasadat Taheri, Sepehr Tabrizchi, Arman Roohi
This paper conducts a comprehensive study on intermittent computing within IoT environments, emphasizing the interplay between different dataflows—row, weight, and output—and a variety of non-volatile memory technologies. We then delve into the architectural optimization of these systems using a spatial architecture, namely IDEA, with their processing elements efficiently arranged in a rhythmic pattern
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Numerical Simulations of Combined Dielectrophoresis and Alternating Current Electrothermal Flow for High-Efficient Separation of (Bio)Microparticles Micromachines (IF 3.4) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Hao Jiang, Yalin Li, Fei Du, Zhaoguang Nie, Gang Wei, Yan Wang, Xiaomin Liu
High-efficient separation of (bio)microparticles has important applications in chemical analysis, environmental monitoring, drug screening, and disease diagnosis and treatment. As a label-free and high-precision separation scheme, dielectrophoresis (DEP) has become a research hotspot in microparticle separation, especially for biological cells. When processing cells with DEP, relatively high electric