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A dispersion model for initial consequence analysis based on diffusion equations J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Tai Eun Son, Eui Ju Lee
Most factories use toxic or flammable chemicals in their industrial processes; this poses a risk of leakage due to accidents, which can sometimes result in mass casualties and considerable property damage. Therefore, quantitative risk prediction and assessment are necessary to protect the public and minimize losses in the event of a chemical release. Several methods can be used to evaluate chemical
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Evolution characteristics of deflagration wave system and flame acceleration effect of combustible gas in variable-caliber pipelines J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Yang Hu, Hong Tao, Minhang Song, Shuo Lyu, Haixia Zhang, Tao Cui
To understand the deflagration phenomenon of combustible gas in gas pipelines and improve the design of pipeline structural strength, this work adopted the self-developed experimental platform with a length of 12 m and a diameter of 90 mm to simulate the transportation process of urban variable-caliber gas pipelines. Experiments were conducted in a 9.5% methane/air premixed gas environment using a
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Large scale experimental research of VCEs – A summary from one viewpoint J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 D.M. Johnson, D. Allason, P.M. Cronin
Vapor cloud explosions (VCEs) are rare but have severe consequences, both in terms of harm and damage. The cause of pressure generation in these explosions was poorly understood five decades ago and methods for estimating the hazard at any location took no account of the factors that might influence the severity of a VCE. The situation two decades into the 21st century is vastly different; we understand
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Functional group analysis and machine learning techniques for MIE prediction J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Jhanvi Kevadiya, Colson Johnson, Purvali Chaudhari, Chad V. Mashuga
The successful prediction of minimum ignition energies (MIEs) for 55 flammable organic molecules has been accomplished through group contribution and machine learning methods. The applied techniques include least squares regression, Huber regression, and kernel ridge regression, with the Marrero/Gani method applied to determine structurally dependent descriptors to uniquely characterize each molecule
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Turbulence generated by dust dispersion in the standard 1 m3 vessel J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Zdzisław Dyduch
The standard 1 m vessel is an apparatus recommended for an assessment of dust explosion indices by ISO, European and American Standards. However the definition of the vessel construction given in the Standards leaves some room when designing it. That may lead to significantly different results obtained in vessels built in different laboratories even when all of them meet the requirements of the Standards
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The effect of particle size on aluminum dust dispersion based on numerical simulation J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Wenling Guan, Yueshuang Xia, Chengjie Dong, Changxing Ren, Wang Zhang
This study aimed to investigate the dispersion pattern of aluminum dust with different particle sizes in 20 L vessels by numerical simulations. Using coupled Eulerian and Lagrangian methods, the system of Navier–Stokes equations and DPM momentum balance equations were solved to obtain the dispersion process of aluminum dust with different particle sizes (25, 38, 45, 60, and 75 μm). A standard deviation
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Flame acceleration and detonation initiation around a T-shaped bifurcation J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Tomoaki Honda, Syotaro Ogawa, Yusuke Kida, Wookyung Kim, Tomoyuki Johzaki, Tomoaki Yatsufusa, Takuma Endo
We experimentally studied the flame behavior of H–O–N premixed gas around a T-shaped bifurcation in a piping system with an inner diameter of 20 mm. In the experiments, we measured the flame speed as a function of the path length from the igniting spark plug using ion probes and observed self-emission images using a high-speed camera. The speed and disturbance of the flame entering the bifurcation
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Evaluation of dust and gas explosion potential in chemical looping processes J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Andrew J. Furlong, Nicole K. Bond, Michael J. Pegg, Robin W. Hughes
The explosibility of metals typically used as oxygen carriers in chemical looping processes are reviewed. Chemical looping processes use intensified process conditions such as elevated temperatures and pressures to accelerate reduction and oxidation reactions of metals. A review of literature on metals indicates they are generally non-explosible under standard test conditions, however, at conditions
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Exploring human factors of major chemical accidents in China: Evidence from 160 accidents during 2011–2022 J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Haishun Wang, Lijun Wei, Kai Wang, Yingquan Duo, Chao Chen, Shengzhu Zhang, Mingqing Su, Tao Zeng
Major chemical accidents (MCAs) usually cause multiple casualties, property losses, and environmental damage. MCAs in hazardous chemical production enterprises (HCPEs) in China have been frequent in recent years. Understanding past accidents is essential for accident prevention and risk mitigation. However, no accurate statistical analysis and systematic human cause investigation of MCAs in China is
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Numerical simulation of thermodynamic response law of chemical pipeline corridor under jet fire environment J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Xue Li, Tianxiang Sun, Ning Zhou, Shubin Yun, Yongbin Yu, Yu Zhang, Yanxia Zhang, Qing Yin, Xingyi Qian, Lewei Cao, Chunhai Yang, Bing Chen, Xuanya Liu, Weiqiu Huang
To accurately predict the relationship between temperature rise of chemical corridor pipelines and time under a jet fire environment, a chemical corridor in Shanghai is taken as the research object, and a model of chemical corridor pipeline is constructed with FDS software to study the thermodynamic response law of the petrochemical pipeline under the action of jet fire. The results show that the temperature
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Challenges in managing emergency offshore: A comparison of offshore and onshore perspectives J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Nathanael J, Khairilmizal S., Carlos Samuel, Nurulilyana Sansuddin, M.F. Hussin, Maliki Hapani, Noor Azlan Musa, Kamarudin Ainul Husna
Three segments, which are the upstream, midstream, and downstream, make up the oil and gas business. At each stage of these oil and gas operations, there are differences in hazard and risk management that affect emergency management. Offshore emergency management presents more challenges compared to onshore emergency management, this is largely due to the remote and harsh environment, limited resources
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An advanced gas leakage traceability & dispersion prediction methodology using unmanned aerial vehicle J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Hao Sheng, Guohua Chen, Qiming Xu, Xiaofeng Li, Jinkun Men, Lixing Zhou, Jie Zhao
Rapid prediction of gas leakage traceability & dispersion (GLTD) is critical for the emergency management of chemical industrial parks (CIPs). Existing GLTD prediction methods are limited by the spatial coverage and number of fixed gas sensors. It is also not possible to provide any specific information about the leak scene. Inspired by emerging drone technologies, this work proposed an advanced UAV-driven
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Risk assessment methods for process safety, process security and resilience in the chemical process industry: A thorough literature review J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Muhammad Shah Ab Rahim, Genserik Reniers, Ming Yang, Shailendra Bajpai
This paper presents a systematic literature review of risk assessment methods in the chemical process industry (CPI), focusing on process safety, process security, and resilience. We analyzed peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2022 using the PRISMA methodology and identified twelve predominant methods. Our findings reveal a shift towards dynamic, systemic-based assessments like the Functional Resonance
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Measuring dust burning velocity for deflagration vent design J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Laurence G. Britton, Samuel A. Rodgers
Deflagration vent design should be based on the burning velocity in the pressure range below 3 bara, where vent relief devices normally operate, rather than the K deflagration index, which is typically measured at pressures >50% of the maximum deflagration pressure, P. Tests using a standardized 1000-L vessel showed that in the pressure range below about 3 bara, niacin and lycopodium burned faster
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Quantitative risk assessment and risk reduction of worst-case accident scenario at fuel storage terminal J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Juwari Juwari, Rendra Panca Anugraha, Mabrur Zanata, Nutfah Amirah Leksono, Mahar Diana Hamid, Teguh Cahyono
In the distribution of the oil and gas industry, fuel storage terminals play an important role in delivering fuel from refineries to consumers. However, the fuel storage terminal carries numerous potential risks of high impact accidents such as fires and explosions. The worst-case approach of explosion of the facility is often too conservative and missed other possible scenarios due to different conditions
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Spontaneous ignition of rubber woodchip in Thailand J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Thanet Unchaisri, Pawin Chaivatamaset, Somboon Wetchakama, Wimolsiri Pridasawas, Waraporn Methawiriyasilp, Suvit Sae Tia
The self-ignition temperature, the safe pile storage dimension and the activation energy of the rubber woodchip pile were determined by Frank-Kamenetskii approach. The woodchip samples with 278 kg/m and 458 kg/m of the bulk densities and 10.6% w.b. (wet basis) and 46.1% w.b. of the initial moisture contents were used. The samples were put into the cubic baskets with the widths of 8 cm, 10 cm, and 12 cm
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Flame propagation characteristics of industrial flue gas on explosion of powder coating/air mixtures J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-10 Chen Lv, Xinqun Wang, Sheng Xue, Xiaolu Wang, Shuang Wang
In order to prevent explosion accidents during the electrostatic spraying process of powder coatings, a typical coating production line was taken as an example. Two types of powder coatings, namely black sand profiling powder coating and glossy black powder coating were selected for research purposes. The study aimed to investigate the explosion propagation characteristics of organic and inorganic
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European round robin on safety characteristics of hybrid mixtures from vapors and dusts J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 V. Heilmann, S. Spitzer, O. Dufaud, M. Hohenberger, V. Jankuj, M. Prodan, S. Zakel
As part of the development of a new standard testing procedure, a round robin study was conducted by six participating laboratories. This study involved the measurement of both the maximum explosion pressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise for hybrid mixtures comprising dust and vapor. Measurements were performed using a modified 20L-sphere. The primary objective of this collaborative effort
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The development of a common cause factor score table on IEC 61508 Part 6 Edition 2.0 J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Jinhyung Park, Kyoshik Park, Chang Jun Lee
A common cause factor (CCF) significantly affects achieving high safety integrity levels (SIL), such as SIL3 and SIL4. Even with very low dangerous undetected failure rates, a high CCF reduces the resulting SIL. This study proposes a new method to classify common causes, to establish more practical countermeasures for lower CCF. Real statistics guide the classification into hardware failures, systematic
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Use of a two-parameter Weibull distribution for the description of the particle size effect on dust minimum explosible concentration J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Asma Abousrafa, Tomasz Olewski, Luc Véchot
Combustible dust explosion properties, like Minimum Explosible Concentration (MEC) and Minimum Ignition Energy (or Temperature), have a strong dependency on the particle surface area to mass ratio which varies with the particle size distribution. Unfortunately, the comparison of the dust explosion properties reported in the literature for a given dust material is often difficult because of the lack
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Probabilistic risk analysis and characterization of hazardous material road transportation routes under explosion accidents J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Cheng-lin Zhai, Ai-zhi Wu
Road transportation is the main transportation mode for hazardous materials, and the risk of the transportation process is directly related to the safety of the people and environment around the routes. To accurately describe the risks in the road transportation of hazardous materials, a method for quantifying and characterizing the probabilistic risk is proposed in this study. Firstly, a route is
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Integrating FBN and FDS for quantitative risk assessment of cable fire in utility tunnel J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Xiaoping Zhu, Jiansong Wu, Yiping Bai, Dong Wang, Jun Zhang
The highly integrated underground utility tunnel (UUT) is a kind of critical infrastructure for process clusters and cities. However, this integration inevitably entails potential risks, including gas leakage, explosions, cable fires, and the accumulation of toxic gases within sewage pipes, and the concern regarding cable fires supersedes others due to their multifactorial correlations and severe consequences
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The prediction model for explosion overpressure in unconfined hydrogen cloud explosion J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Yonghao Zhou, Lei Huang, Yanchao Li, Wei Gao
The strong blast wave in gas explosion accident could cause great casualties and property loss, which is the main threat to safety production and further popularization of hydrogen energy. This research focuses on the prediction of explosion overpressure in unconfined hydrogen cloud explosion with or without built-in obstacle. The flame acceleration caused by the obstacle causes two overpressure peaks
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Seismic risk in the chemical process industry: A semi-quantitative methodology for critical equipment identification J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Federica Novelli, Flavia Pesce, Roberto Bubbico
Natural events, such as earthquakes, floods, etc., can play a significant role in triggering industrial accidents of various intensities (the so-called Na-Tech risk), so that their inclusion in a comprehensive risk assessment is very important. However, a detailed and comprehensive quantitative approach is often unrealistic, because of the extremely large number of calculations to be carried out and
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Study on the formation characteristics of coal dust cloud and dynamic behavior of flame during explosion in a Hartmann tube J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Ke Gao, Zemiao Yang, Dariusz Obracaj, Shijie Zhou, Zhipeng Qi, Shengnan Li, Lu Chen
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Effect of temperature in the occurrence of backdraft J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Tzu-Yan Tseng, Chia-Lung Wu, Kuang-Chung Tsai
Many previous studies have investigated the mechanism of backdraft, focusing on the flammable gas concentration. However, there still exists a question: whether temperature is influential. This study visited this topic with compartment fires in the “fully developed fire period” and under-ventilated, i.e. after flashover and before “decay period”. It was the first research investigating backdraft with
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Model for estimating the maximum water content that would maintain the flammability of an aqueous−organic mixture J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Horng-Jang Liaw, Kazem Lakzian, Yi-Hua Wang, Man-Ching Chen
Adding water to liquid fuels can make them nonflammable; substantial amounts of water are required to do so for highly volatile fuels. A limited amount of water being required to eliminate the flammability of low-volatility fuels would enable adjustments to be made to fire and explosion (F&E) hazard assessments for such fuels and the requirements for preventing F&E hazards of various regulations. This
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The law of landslide surge propagation and the affects of flow field surrounding a pipeline J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Hong Ji, Wencong Shen, Weikang Liu, Ke Yang, Juncheng Jiang, Zhixiang Xing, Jie Guo
Large landslide instability will throw rock and soil into the water, causing massive surge waves, damaging the underwater pipeline structure, and endangering the lives and property of coastal residents. This study uses the RNG turbulence model and the VOF method to numerically simulate the landslide surge based on the physical experiment model. This paper simulated the characteristics of the surge
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Influence of radiation mode and intensity on the protective performance of firefighting boots J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Jiao Geng, Song Guo, Zi-Wen Gao, Zi Wang, Wei-Qing Peng
In the process of firefighting and emergency rescue, firefighting boots are one of the most important personal protective equipments (PPEs) for firefighters to protect their feet and legs from thermal radiation injury. In this work, the self-designed long-term thermal radiation setup was employed to measure the critical failure temperature for firefighting boots with various radiation intensities and
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Investigating the efficacy of expanded graphite/NaCl composite powder as an extinguishing agent for metal combustion suppression J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Fang-Chao Cao, Xin-Yue Ma, Qing-Rui Li, Yan Tang, Xi-Lin Dong, An-Chi Huang
Advancements in fire safety technology have led to the development of expanded graphite (EG)/NaCl composite powder, a dry powder fire extinguishing agent specifically for metal fires. This study used custom apparatus to examine the fire suppression properties of this composite powder in relation to its constituent elements, EG and NaCl. Compared to pure EG, this composite powder has a smaller particle
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Investigation of marginally explosible dusts J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Albert Addo, Maria Portarapillo, Almerinda Di Benedetto, Yajie Bu, Yuan Chunmiao, Ashok Dastidar, Faisal Khan, Paul Amyotte
“Marginally explosible dusts (MEDs)” are a group of combustible dusts that are distinguished by relatively low volume-normalized maximum rate of pressure rise (KSt) and maximum explosion pressure (Pmax) values. Earlier studies have suggested that dusts with KSt values less than 45 bar m/s in the laboratory-scale 20-L chamber would not explode in the 1-m3 chamber and therefore not on an industrial scale
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Research on emergency evacuation behavior rules of pedestrians under fire and explosion accidents in chemical parks considering social relationships J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-07 Xiaowen Shao, Jiaojiao Feng, Jinghong Wang, Yan Wang
Chemical parks present a high risk of sudden accidents such as fires and explosions, given the significant number of hazardous sources present. This is why emergency evacuation after accidents is so essential. The behavior of crowds during evacuation is complex, and social relationships among pedestrians can have differentiated effects on the evacuation process. However, most of the current crowd evacuation
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Effects of explosion suppressants on the dust explosion and pyrolysis characteristics of the fungicide fenaminstrobin J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-06 Dongjin Yu, Wang Sun, Peng Li, Jie Hu, Dayong Jiang, Zhenyun Wei, Chunsheng Cheng, Xiaolei Wang, Lizhi Liu
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Study on the effects of carbon nanotubes and xanthan gum on the performance of hydrocarbon surfactant foam systems J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Hongxiang Ou, Haizhen Cao, Shangbin Wang, Zheng Min, Honglai Xue, Haipu Bi, Junqi Wang
To improve the foam stability and fire extinguishing efficiency of fluorine-free foam (FFF) extinguishing agents, xanthan gum (XG) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were selected as the foam stabilizer agents in this study to investigate their effects on the physical and chemical properties and fire suppression effectiveness of FFF system. The effects of the four factors, namely, α-olefin sulfonic acid Salts
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Evaluating country performance in preventing industrial accidents: A multi-criteria decision analysis approach J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-29 Ahmet Bahadır Şimşek, Gülüstan Köse, Zekiye Göktekin
This study presents a methodology that adopts a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach to evaluate countries' performance in preventing industrial accidents, using accident records and combining three MCDA techniques (TOPSIS, Electre II, and CoCoSo) to create a robust ranking. Applied to OECD countries, the methodology provides valuable insights into countries' commitment to industrial accident
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Study on the characteristics parameters of magnesium dust explosion suppression by various inert gases J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-29 Xinyu Xiong, Kai Gao, Changquan Ji, Jie Mu, Bin Li, Dan Zhang, Yadong Xu, Lifeng Xie
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A quantitative model to assess the human consequences of a natural gas pipeline rupture in urban distribution networks J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-27 Harol Lozano-Toro, Fabián Díaz-Tamayo, Juan Lizarazo-Marriaga, Hugo Zea-Ramírez, Guillermo Ávila-Álvarez
Natural gas is known as a hazardous fuel that could cause human casualties, especially in urban areas. For this reason, assessing the consequences of natural gas pipeline ruptures is settled as an important element in determining the potential effects of such ruptures on human health and developing risk management programs for natural gas networks. Several efforts have been made in the literature to
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Modeling and performance analysis of emergency response process for hydrogen leakage and explosion accidents J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-26 Caiping Wang, Linan Wang, Chang Su, Meng Jiang, Zhuo Li, Jun Deng
To address concerns associated with the initial response process following hydrogen refueling station leakage and explosion accidents, this research introduces the utilization of stochastic colored Petri nets for dynamic modeling of the emergency response procedure. Through the construction of a process model for responding to hydrogen leakage and explosion accidents at refueling stations, the model's
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Development of a new index for assessing the inherent safety level of chemical processes using a multi-criteria fuzzy decision-making approach J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-24 Heidar Mohammadi, Mohammad Javad Jafari, Mostafa Pouyakian, Elham Keighobadi, Saber Moradi Hanifi
Estimating and evaluating the inherent safety of processes pose a significant challenge in the field of inherent safety. Indicators are commonly employed tools to address this challenge. However, one of the weaknesses of risk-based indicators is their assumption of equal weight and importance for all indicators, despite the fact that the impact of each indicator may vary. This study aimed to investigate
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Research on quantitative risk assessment method of dust explosion based on Bayesian network J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-17 Lei Pang, Mengxi Zhang, Xiaohuan Li, Kai Yang, Yuan Zhang
In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of dust explosion accidents in industrial enterprises and reducing the risk of dust explosion accidents, the article builds dust explosion risk assessment index system for industrial enterprises, taking Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Event Tree Analysis (ETA) as theoretical basis and establishes dust explosion risk Bow-Tie Analysis (BT) diagram model. Mapping
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Gas explosion impact behavior and disaster analysis based on structural failure: Numerical modeling J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Mengqi Yuan, Qianran Hu, Zhengrun Huang, Xingyu Shen, Xinming Qian, Huijie Yang, Shaobo Qi, Juncheng Jiang, Dengyou Xia
For gas leakage explosion accidents that occur in high blockage environments, the failure of building structures often leads to the evolution of explosion waves becoming unpredictable, resulting in the amplification of accident consequences. In this paper, a severe gas leakage and explosion accident in Beijing is analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, and the disasters of the accident
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Risk evolution of crude oil pipeline under periodic maintenance based on dynamic bayesian network J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-12 Wei Zhong, Junwei Cai, Yifan Song, Tianshui Liang, Jingfei Zhang, Zihe Gao
Pipeline failure can result in a chain reaction of accidents, including oil and gas leaks. Traditional risk analysis methods fail to fully capture the degradation and imperfect maintenance processes of multi-state systems. The model utilizes a hybrid failure rate recursive rule to accurately depict the changes in system reliability under varying maintenance intervals. The robustness of the model was
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Dynamic simulation for process hazard analysis: Affordances and limitations in the application to complex process systems J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 John Lee, Ian Cameron, Maureen Hassall
Improving process safety is a high priority in process and manufacturing industries to address unwanted accidents and process disruptions. Research into the applications of dynamic simulators for hazard analysis has been rapidly growing. However, there is scant discussion in literature regarding the benefits and limitations associated with the utilization of dynamic simulations for process hazard analysis
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Multi-factor influencing on detonation quenching performance of hydrogen crimped-ribbon flame arrester J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Chendi Lin, Xingyan Cao, Zhirong Wang, Jianshu Wei, Jianjun Xu, Shaochen Sun
By self-designed experimental apparatus, the influences of initial condition, the structure parameters of flame arrester (FA) and expansion chamber (EC) on hydrogen detonation quenching performance of crimped-ribbon flame arrester are investigated. The effects of different factors on the detonation velocity (Vf) and pressure (Pf) accessing FA, the attenuation extent and the quenching results are determined
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Current status, challenges, and future pathways of chemical industrial park safety in China J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Haishun Wang, Lijun Wei, Kai Wang, Rujun Wang, Yingquan Duo, Guoliang Yang
China is currently the largest producer of chemicals in the world, through its chemical industrial parks (CIPs) scattered across the country. In recent years, the Chinese government has issued a series of laws, regulations, standards, and guidelines, highlighting its commitment to improving CIP safety. However, the increasing number of severe and higher-level chemical accidents (SHLCAs) occurring in
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A multi-dimensional approach for analyzing risk-related decision problems to enhance decision making and prevent accidents J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-13 Tiantian Zhu, Xue Yang, Stein Haugen, Yiliu Liu
Risk-related decision problems are the problems that influence the risk of accidents. In most cases, the probability of major accidents is very low, but their consequences can be extreme, resulting in numerous fatalities and extensive environmental damage. An example is the Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. Decision making under such circumstances (i.e., under high stake and
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Study on the effect of forced convection and thermal radiation on foam stability J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-09 Hui Hu, Rongcen Xu, Shuya Hou, Zhongbin Fei, Bin Zhang
High expansion foam is widely used to mitigate cryogenic LNG spills, which is a major type of process safety accident. The stability of the foam affects the performance of hazard mitigation after cryogenic LNG spills. Forced convection and thermal radiation are key external factors affecting the foam stability, which depends on the foam drainage and breakage rates. The goal of this paper is to research
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Evolutionary game analysis of chemical enterprises' emergency management investment decision under dynamic reward and punishment mechanism J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Jun Deng, Chang Su, Zi-ming Zhang, Xin-ping Wang, Jia-yi MA, Cai-ping Wang
The safe operation and management of chemical enterprises remains a critical area of focus, and encouraging companies to proactively invest in emergency management is a significant practical challenge for government supervision. In this study, we combine prospect theory, mental accounting, and evolutionary game theory to establish a bounded-rationality hypothetical model for all actors (enterprises
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Modelling study of the spread of liquid fuel spill fires using shallow water equations J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Yuntao Li, Yuanyuan Meng, Xingwang Song, Laibin Zhang, Jian Shuai
In oil spill–fire accidents, the spread of burning fuel from petroleum product containers may increase accident losses and trigger further accidents. Studying the spreading process of spill fires is important to prevent accidents and mitigate losses. Herein, a spill-fire spread model was proposed to predict the spread rate and time varying burning area of liquid fuel spill fires. The model was developed
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Consequences analysis of the LPG tank truck traffic accident: A case study of the Wenling explosion accident J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-02 Dingding Yang, Kai Peng, Juan Zheng, Baojing Xie, Jing Wang, Bin Xu, Fengyun Li
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a vital energy source as well as a chemical feedstock, known for its flammable and explosive property. The demand for LPG has increased in recent years, leading to the frequent occurrence of leaks and explosion accidents, which pose a serious threat to public safety. This paper investigates the process of the consequences evolution of leakage of LPG and explosion accidents
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Study on the explosion characteristics and flame propagation of hydrogen-methane-air mixtures in a closed vessel J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Lu Liu, Zhenmin Luo, Bin Su, Fangzhi Song, Pengzhi Wu, Tao Wang, Jun Deng
In this study, the examination of the explosion pressure and flame propagation characteristics were investigated for premixed CH4–H2-air mixtures, with varying equivalence ratios (φ = 0.8–1.5) and methane volume ratios (R = 0–100%). This investigation was conducted employing a 20 L explosion vessel and a high-speed ripple shadow meter, while maintaining ambient temperature and pressure. The most critical
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Preparation and flame retardant properties of organic montmorillonite synergistic intumescent flame retardant polypropylene J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Zhe Tu, Hongxiang Ou, Yining Ran, Honglai Xue, Fang Zhu
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminium diethylphosphonate (ADP) were mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:1, compounded with dipentaerythritol (DPER) to construct a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR), and organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) as a synergistic flame retardant, then melt blended to prepare intumescent flame retardant polypropylene (PP) composites. The flame retardancy, thermal stability
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Combined inhibition effect of vacuum chamber and inert gas on LPG explosion J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Wenling Guan, Yifei Hou, Haofeng Gong, Changxing Ren, Wang Zhang
In order to investigate combined inhibition effect of vacuum chamber and inert gas on Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) explosion, the explosion experiment was carried out on the self-built gas explosion experiment pipe (L/D = 47.5). The flame propagation and explosion pressure characteristics of LPG were investigated at different vacuum degrees and 10% CO2 volume fraction (VF). The results showed that
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Inhibition of hydrogen-air mixtures by using chemical vapor additives J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Shubham K. Das, Vivekanand V. Swami, Ganapati N. Joshi, Prashant S. Kulkarni
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Effect of relative humidity on methane explosion characteristics of curved pipes in pipe gallery J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-18 Yanyu Li, Yongmei Hao, Yong Huang, Juncheng Jiang, Ning Xu, Sunqi Zhuang, Fan Wu
To explore the influence of relative humidity on the explosion characteristics of methane-premixed gas in the urban underground pipe corridor. The experiment took a 30° bend pipe as an example, and the relative humidity in the pipe had been set to 50% RH, 70% RH, and 90% RH while changing the methane volume fraction to 7%, 9.5%, and 12% to study its influence on the explosion characteristics. When
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Study on the effect of novel intumescent flame retardant composed of β-cyclodextrin modified ammonium polyphosphate and THEIC on the flame retardancy of LDPE composites J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Hongxiang Ou, Yining Ran, Mengli Pan, Honglai Xue
Enhancing polymer flame retardancy is crucial for lowering combustion-related exothermic heat and flue gas production. β-cyclodextrin microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (β-CD@APP) were synthesis through in-situ polymerization and combined with 1, 3, 5-tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) as a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) to enhance the flame retardancy of low density polyethylene
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Investigation on synergistic suppression of hydrogen explosion behaviors by ethylene and carbon dioxide J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Sheng Shang, Mingshu Bi, Wei Gao
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Comprehensive risk assessment for the esterification processes based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory and cloud model J. Loss Prev. Process. Ind. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-12 Yue Jing, Yong Pan, Fan Yang, Dan Wei, Wenhe Wang
As a typical chemical process, esterification is usually exothermic and has a high risk of fire and explosion. To recognize and control the risk, it is vital to conduct risk assessment. Therefore, a comprehensive risk assessment method for the esterification process was proposed in this study. By analyzing the characteristics and hazards of the esterification process, a comprehensive evaluation index