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Supporting the transfer of knowledge in high‐risk major accident environment Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 David Kryštof, Petr Adamec, Luboš Kotek, Zuzana Tichá, Petr Trávníček
A key element in learning from accidents is the skill associated with the transfer of knowledge gained by the operator from historical incidents. These incidents can include accidents and near‐misses that occurred on site or in similar companies outside the plant. Knowledge transfer within the enterprise can be supported by a suitable framework or model that is easily understood by a wide range of
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Decision‐making analysis in post‐fire and explosion aftermath assessment tool: A fuzzy cognitive mapping approach Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Hasnolizar Zakaria, Masdi Muhammad
This assessment tool was created to generate a decision‐making support system and assessment approach for a post‐fire (aftermath) and blast explosion impact. It uses a multidecision analysis neural network. Multidecision analysis is very crucial as the judgment of the assessment relies not only on engineering input but also on many contributing factors, such as lead time for replacement. This article
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Developing offshore fatigue assessment application to measure fatigue among offshore workers in Malaysia Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Al-Baraa Abdulrahman Al-Mekhlafi, Ahmad Shahrul Nizam Isha, Ahmad Sobri Hashim
Fatigue is a significant concern in the offshore oil and gas industry, posing risks to both resources and lives. This study aims to assess fatigue levels among daily trippers on offshore platforms and compare them across different job roles. The Offshore Fatigue Assessment Application (OFAA) was developed to measure fatigue in Malaysian offshore workers, focusing on alert response and lapses. A total
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Energy transition technology comes with new process safety challenges and risks—What does it mean? Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Hans Pasman, Edison Sripaul, Faisal Khan, Bruno Fabiano
Decarbonization and energy transition will have a large impact on how our mobility, as well as supply of materials for clothing, building, and construction, and even for food, will be energized and processed. This review will give a brief survey of a few main changes and what they mean for process safety. It concerns hazards of hydrogen production and handling, battery systems, and electrification
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Safety attitudes among workers in Malaysian chemical manufacturing plants Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-17 Junaidah Zakaria, Che Rosmani Che Hassan, Mahar Diana Hamid, Ezrin Hani Sukadarin
Statistics in Malaysia show that accident cases in the manufacturing industry are the highest compared with other sectors. Concerns regarding changing workers' attitudes, controlling their current perceptions, and installing knowledge and experiences that travel through the culture are necessary. This study investigates workers' attitudes to safety between executives and operators. A total number of
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Hydrogen safety effect calculation (dispersion and thermal radiation effects) for determination of siting and safe distance Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Rubachandran Venkatesan, Razif Harun, Hamdan Mohamed Yusoff, Musab Abdul Razak
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of dispersion, thermal radiation, and explosion from a poly-bed pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit with its surrounding facility to determine its safety distance. Thus, the Shell FRED (fire, release, explosion, and dispersion) consequence modeling was used to predict the impact of a release scenario and assist in designing, developing
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Flame propagation and explosion characteristics of food-based dust as a function of dust concentration Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Siti Zubaidah Sulaiman, Khairiah Mohd Mokhtar, Wan Zaiton Wan Sulaiman, Nur Hikmah Semawi
A comprehensive grasp of the mechanisms and characteristics of dust explosions holds significant importance in guiding safe operations and risk mitigation measures. This research examined the impact of dust concentration on the flame propagation and explosion characteristics of rice flour and tea dust. The explosion test was carried out in a 20-L spherical chamber and demonstrated that elevating the
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A risk-based evaluation of safe distance for a hydrogen refueling station Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Mingqi Bai, Xin Du, Jianguo Li, Chi-Min Shu, Wei Feng, Bing Li, Yi Liu
To ensure the safety of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) and protective targets in the surrounding area, this paper has introduced a risk-based safe distance assessment method for a 35MP HRSs, emphasizing the impact of the station's surrounding area. The findings indicate that the safe distance is determined by vapor cloud explosion (VCE) accident scenarios arising from pipeline leaks (compressor-hydrogen
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Managing ergonomic risk assessment among assembly operators in the small-scale fabrication sector Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-04 Nor Izliana Mohd Nizan, Nina Fatma Ali, Siti Aslina Hussain
In the small-scale fabrication sector, employee health and safety are the most important aspects for improving productivity and quality. There is a lack of risk assessment and limited information on human handling and ergonomic approaches in the working environment of the small-scale fabrication sector. This study aims to analyze the association of human handling risk factors with work-related musculoskeletal
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Study of human error from incident investigation in upstream facilities Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-04 Abdul Hafiz Abd Halim, Tinia Idaty Mohd Ghazi, Faizah Mohd Yassin, Mohd Zahirasri Mohd Tohir
Human failures are a major cause of breakdowns in upstream facilities because of challenging working conditions. A study of human errors from an incident investigation in upstream facilities was carried out to understand the topography of human errors. A Tripod Beta diagram was developed from 107 incidents gathered during 2017–2020, and the human error taxonomy was used to identify the human errors
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How audits fail according to accident investigations: A counterfactual logic analysis Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Ben Hutchinson, Sidney Dekker, Andrew Rae
Despite the reliance on safety auditing within organizations, comparatively limited research has studied the performance of safety auditing. When an investigation laments the “lack of audit quality” following an accident, what is meant by this statement? What contrasts a “good quality” audit from a “poor quality” audit? This study examined counterfactual logics (statements about alternative realities
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Explosion incidents associated with comprehensive studies on methyl ethyl ketone peroxide under thermal decomposition: A review Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Lingzhu Gong, Gending Yu, Jingling Li, Jinfeng Chen, Rongguo Chen, Jiale Huang, Lei Wang, Zhikun Huang, Jiulai Huang, Yih-Shing Duh
This review gathered and discussed the available results on the thermal hazards, thermal kinetics, decomposition mechanism, autocatalytic behavior, thermal explosion, deflagration ability, and incompatibility hazards associated with the thermal decomposition of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO). The present review constructed a diagram showing all activation energy Ea and log A values for the thermal
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Exploring the effects of automation malfunction on team communication and coordination in ships' engine rooms Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Hasan Mahbub Tusher, Salman Nazir, Steven Mallam, Zaili Yang, Umer Asgher, Risza Rusli
Automation malfunctions within complex socio-technical systems reserve the potential to significantly affect human performance. In the context of maritime operations, varying consequences of automation malfunction on human performance can be observed. This study introduced a two-step research framework to examine the repercussions of such malfunctions, particularly those related to communication and
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Change of location class in gas pipelines from a regulatory perspective Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Bruno Felippe Silva, Erica Vanessa Albuquerque de Oliveira, Marcelo Goncalves da Cunha
Location class is an essential factor in the gas pipeline project because it considers factors such as population density and the number of buildings along the gas pipeline route. As these parameters change, the pipeline operator needs to review the location class, also requiring a possible assessment of changes in allowable pipeline operating pressure. Brazilian regulations related to the safety of
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Damage mitigation method studies through simulation modeling of chemical accidents Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Sehyeon Oh, Junseo Lee, Byungchol Ma
In the chemical industry, when a fire occurs, a significant amount of energy is generated due to combustion, impacting other facilities within the plant and potentially leading to severe consequences through a domino effect. For decades, thermal radiation caused by flames has been calculated and predicted through simplified fire modeling. However, with advancements in computing technology, numerical
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Consequences analysis of a natural gas pipeline: The case of the trans-Anatolian natural gas pipeline Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Saliha Cetinyokus, Duran Dinc, Sila Ata
Industrial accidents include fire, explosion, and toxic substance spread involving hazardous substances. They threaten the health of many people, cause permanent or long-term pollution of the natural environment, cause a high degree of property damage, and require a large-scale emergency response. Pipelines that transfer hazardous chemicals over a large area are risky for industrial accidents. In this
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Digital twin technology and ergonomics for comprehensive improvement of safety in the petrochemical industry Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Jinyang Jia, Xuetao Wang, Yang Xu, Zehua Song, Zimeng Zhang, Jiaqi Wu, Ziyu Liu
In order to improve the safety performance of the complete industrial chain, the petrochemical industry is in urgent need of digitalization and modernization. Considering two types of safety issues, namely safety hazards originating from non-human and human sources, this paper proposes two solutions. Digital twin technology provides an effective way for the integration of the physical and information
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Kinetics for the sulfuric acid-catalyzed reactions of ethylene oxide with water and ethylene glycols Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Marc E. Levin, Justin Mitschke, Sheehan Smith, Peter I. Chipman, S. K. Singh, Robert Lenahan, Timothy S. Frederick, Bill Gulledge
Adiabatic calorimeter experiments have quantified the sulfuric acid-catalyzed reaction of ethylene oxide (EO) with water to form ethylene glycol (EG) and higher glycols. Conditions were selected relevant to industrial safety, such as a scenario of reverse flow of acid from a scrubber to an EO tank. Concentrations of 25–95 wt% EO with acidified water of pH 3.0 down to pH –0.7 were examined. In some
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Grid-based assessment of hydrogen leakages for an offshore process to improve the design and human performance Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Asher Ahmed Malik, Risza Rusli, Salman Nazir, Rizal Harris Wong, Ushtar Arshad
Hydrogen is gaining global recognition as a sustainable energy source, but its combustible nature raises concerns, especially in congested offshore settings. Steam methane reforming (SMR) remains the predominant hydrogen production method; however, offshore SMR facilities exposed to harsh weather could potentially compromise safety because of leakages. This study uses the fire dynamics simulator (FDS)
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In memory of Joseph F. Louvar, 1935–2023, former Editor-in-Chief of Process Safety Progress Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Daniel A. Crowl, John Murphy, Roy Sanders, Ronald J. Willey
1 REMEMBRANCE BY DANIEL A. CROWL, FORMER EDITOR-IN-CHIEF, OF PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS Joseph F. Louvar passed away on December 11, 2023, at the age of 88. Louvar was best known as an outstanding advocate for process safety and undergraduate chemical engineering instruction in process safety. Louvar was born on September 27, 1935, in south Chicago, IL. He was the son of a Chicago fireman. He received
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Analysis of the progress of chemical process safety management in China Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Jiling Zhou, Xin Wang
Process safety management (PSM) is a proven and effective management approach that has been validated through practical experience. In recent years, China has been actively exploring advanced PSM methods and has implemented several regulations and standards related to chemical PSM. This article begins with a review of chemical PSM development in China and the United States. It then conducts a comparative
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Adaptive thresholds-based leak detection using real-time transient modeling of two-phase flows Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Seshu Kumar Vandrangi, Tamiru Alemu Lemma, Syed Muhammad Mujtaba
Pipelines are widely regarded as the most cost-effective mode of transportation for oil and gas, particularly when it comes to covering long distances. Regrettably, pipelines are not impervious to accidents, which can result in colossal material damage and fatalities. As the demand for oil and gas rises, so does the need for pipelines. Therefore, issues in pipeline malfunctions cannot be overlooked
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Risk identification of integral pressurized water reactor (IPWR) cooling system using a combination HAZOP, FMEA, and FTA methods Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Deswandri Deswandri, Sudarno Sudarno, Ratih Luhuring Tyas, Anggraini Ratih Kumaraningrum, Restu Maerani, Ibnu Maulana Hidayatullah, Muhamad Sahlan, Azmi Mohd Shariff, Heri Hermansyah
Integral Pressurized Water Reactor (IPWR) is gaining attention for use in Indonesia due to lower initial capital investment, sitting flexibility, and high level of inherent safety. IPWR relies heavily on passive cooling systems that have many advantages but lacks operational experience because no one operates commercially. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a risk analysis related to passive cooling
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Influence of high temperature during tensile test for stainless steel using acoustic emission Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-29 Mazian Mohammad, Abdul Rahim Othman, Mohd Faisal Ismail
This paper explores the application of acoustic emission (AE) monitoring in mechanical and materials studies, specifically focusing on the detection of plastic deformation, fracture, and crack growth. However, the influence of high temperature on AE signals and its effects on mechanical properties are not fully understood due to the limitations of sensors in high-temperature environments. To address
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Collection and analysis of hydrocarbon gas buried onshore pipeline accidents in Indonesia as the databases for failure frequency assessment in a quantitative risk analysis Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 Darmawan Ahmad Mukharror, Ibnu Maulana, Muhammad Yusuf, Hary Devianto, Andy Noorsaman Sommeng, Sutrasno Kartohardjono, Heri Hermansyah
As of May 31, 2022, approximately 18,687 km of gas pipeline has been built in Indonesia. However, the pipeline failure data are yet to be gathered or evaluated. In quantitative risk assessment (QRA), the pipeline failure frequency is calculated by a generic failure frequency approach. Most of these generic failure frequency data are based on other region pipeline incident databases. This paper aims
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Inhibition behavior and heat transfer of flame spread over liquid fuel with the influence of a step obstacle in the gas phase Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Shenlin Yang, Peiyuan Hu, Ranran Li, Manhou Li, Quanmin Xie, Jingchuan Li
The transportation of oil is an important aspect of chemical process safety. In the accidental leakage of oil and related products, the flame spread occurs occasionally when the liquid fuel is activated by a pilot flame. In the potential application of fire prevention, a step obstacle placed above the oil ditch may effectively hinder the flame spread. The effectiveness of the usage of a step obstacle
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Study of ethanol vapor explosion and prediction based on chemical kinetics under high temperature and pressure Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Yingquan Qi, Li Ding, Yong Pan, Jingran Liu, Supan Wang
The study of the explosion parameters of ethanol–air mixture at high pressure and temperature is essential for the safe production of ethanol. However, the explosion characteristics of ethanol vapor at various pressures and temperatures are limited. The mechanism at the flammability limits of ethanol has not been clarified, and the corresponding prediction model is also lacking. In this study, chemical
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Application of machine learning methods for process safety assessments Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Tarek Bengherbia, Faisal A. Syed, Jenny Chew, Fathullah A. Khalid, Alex F. T. Goh, Kenza Chraibi, Mohammed Zainal Abdeen
The accurate prediction of gas dispersion and the potential consequences of gas explosions hold a pivotal role in the assessment of explosion design loads for oil and gas processing facilities. This often involves the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, a widely adopted practice in the field. The extent of CFD simulations required depends on the specific characteristics and size
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Computer-aided design of insect-repellent formulation with inherent safety assessment Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-18 Maxwell Judd Lawrence, Rafeqah Raslan, Nur Shahidah Ab Aziz
Insect repellents are one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of diseases such as dengue, malaria, and yellow fever. However, most insect repellents contain ingredients that pose a significant risk to consumers. Therefore, this research aims to design a safer and less harmful insect-repellent formulation based on the formulated product design methodology. Computer-aided molecular design
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Risk assessment of LNG bunkering vessel operation based on formal safety assessment method Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Yunlong Wang, Zhiqiang Cha, Guopeng Liang, Xin Zhang, Kai Li, Guan Guan
With the increase of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fuel-powered vessels, LNG bunkering vessels have become an important development direction of LNG bunkering technology for its advantages. However, the LNG bunkering vessel operation risk assessment is relatively few. Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is a novel structured and systematic risk analysis method for Marine engineering, through the data analysis
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Development and application of process safety competency framework in agroindustry: A case study Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Daniela Revez, Gustavo Peron Mendes-Silva
Events in industries have shown that a lack of process safety culture has an important contribution in driving the site to fail. The culture is composed of the values, competencies, and attitudes that drive the organization to success. Thus, competency is a core step in developing a proper foundation to implement process safety management (PSM). In the food industry, the competencies related to process
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Risk assessment of liquid ammonia tanks based on Bayesian network and Probit model Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Cheng Zhang, Ziyun Wang, Xingbai Chen, Yue Xiang
This paper presents a quantitative risk assessment method to predict the potential risks of liquid ammonia tanks. The method combines probabilistic prediction and consequence assessment: the former is predicted by Bayesian networks derived from bow-tie mapping, in which the conditional probabilities are determined by analytic hierarchy process, the latter is calculated based on numerical simulation
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Correction to “A gas detector planning method that considers the area and zone based on the range of influence of chemicals with high vapor pressure” Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-08
Kim M-G, Lee HE, Yoon SJ, Kim JH, Moon K-W. A gas detector planning method that considers the area and zone based on the range of influence of chemicals with high vapor pressure. Process Saf Prog. 2023; 42(3):537–549. doi:10.1002/prs.12478 In the article cited above, Funding Acknowledgment should be updated as follows: This research was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environment
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Implementation of quantitative risk and cost–benefit analysis in an aging offshore facility Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Khoir Lazuardi, Anggraini Ratih Kumaraningrum, Heri Hermansyah
Riser shutdown valves (SDVs) are installed to isolate hydrocarbon through a subsea pipeline or to protect platforms and personnel from an unintended release of hydrocarbons. Unfortunately, the volume of gas leaking through the SDV is sometimes beyond the predetermined criteria. Therefore, a quantitative risk assessment is needed by conducting cost–benefit analysis (CBA). This is the methodology of
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Structural response for vented hydrogen-air deflagrations: Effects of volumetric blockage ratio Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-27 Jingui Wang, Zhixing Liang, Jiacheng Lin, Hong Feng, Su Zhang
The explosion venting experiments of hydrogen-air premixed gas were carried out in a 1-m3 cuboid container. The effects of the obstacles parallel to the vent on the structural response of the container during the explosion venting were investigated. The internal overpressure and acceleration of the vessel wall were captured by acceleration and pressure sensors, respectively. The time–frequency distributions
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Interaction effect of building construction accident attributes based on complex network Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Dongqiang Cao, Lianping Cheng
This paper aims to effectively utilize data related to building construction accidents by delving deeply into the correlations between key causes and accident attributes. Firstly, the authors gathered 1134 accident investigation reports and employed the “5W1H” analysis method to extract six types of accident attributes: time, location, cause category, activity, building type, and accident type. Subsequently
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Dynamic simulation-based quantitative hazard and operability process hazard analysis for a hydrocracking unit Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Jialin Yi, Haiyan Wang, Jiguo Zhang
A hydrocracking unit operates at high temperature, high pressure, and near hydrogen, which can be susceptible to fire and explosions accidents due to equipment failure. Therefore, it is essential to identify and analyze the risk factors. The dynamic simulation-based quantitative hazard and operability (HAZOP) study can effectively and purposefully quantify deviations and consequences as well as reduce
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Evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from small concrete coupons and implications regarding evaporation from a large accidental spill on concrete Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Eric R. Languirand, Cecilia H. Phung, Steven R. Hanna, Kathy L. Crouse
Anhydrous ammonia is transported via ship, rail, and road everyday in the United States as a refrigerated liquid at ambient pressure. As a result, unintential release of a large amount of anhydrous ammonia could result from an accident during transportation. The aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the evaporation of anhydrous ammonia from porous media. In our investigation, laboratory-scale
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Fate and transport analysis of a Dowtherm–A chemical release event Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Kotaiba Abugazleh, Hashim Ali, Kwangkook Jeong, Mohammad Abutayeh
A hypothetical chemical release of Dowtherm–A into the environment was simulated using a chemodynamics code. The chemical release was assumed to come from a concentrating solar power plant adjacent to Lake Tahoe. Dowtherm–A is viscous water-insoluble nonvolatile oil found mostly in liquid form at standard temperature and pressure; however, trace amounts slowly diffuse into the three environmental phases:
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Boiling combustion behaviors and heat feedback of pool fire of diesel fuel–water emulsification Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Shenlin Yang, Fang Pu, Licong Zhang, Manhou Li
In the process of submarine oil exploitation and crude oil shipping, the offshore oil leakage accidents occur frequently. In the process of oil spill weathering on the sea, the oil is potentially mixed with water to form oil–water emulsification. The in situ burning is a low-pollution and high-efficiency method to eliminate the spilled oil. Meanwhile, as an alternative fuel, the emulsified diesel fuel
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Editorial—Special edition—Papers from the Latin American Congresses on Process Safety 2021 and 2022 Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Carmen H. Osorio Amado, Nestor Sposito
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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Organizational control for safety: A challenge in socioeconomic and natural environment Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 Salvador Ávila Filho
The concepts and applications of cases in human factors (HFs), risk, reliability, and crisis, include the analysis of complex systems and difficult to predict sociotechnical systems. Rules and barriers are designed or revised to achieve better organizational efficiency results. The investigation then valuates the concepts such as the basis, the tests such as confirmation, the algorithms such as methods
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Analyzing organizational gaps in process accidents with FRAM: The case of the Imperial Sugar refinery explosion (2008) Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-24 Josué Eduardo Maia França, Maria Inês Vaz, Brenda Rodrigues Coutinho, Luís Pina
This study presents a reanalysis of the Imperial Sugar refinery accident that occurred in February 2008, in Georgia, USA, using functional resonance analysis method (FRAM) and based on technical-scientific materials and the official reports. This explosion was fueled by sugar dust in the packaging building of the refinery, causing 14 fatalities and injuring 38 workers. The purpose of this reanalysis
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Maturity model approach for building effective process safety management systems Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Tekin Kunt, Madonna Breen, Seçkin Gökçe, Mike Munsil
Usually, a gap analysis is conducted to address challenges encountered when building a process safety management (PSM) system from scratch, or for improving an already existing PSM program. Business maturity models, on the other hand, are useful management frameworks used to gauge the maturity of an organization in various disciplines or functions. The purpose of this paper is to introduce an adaptation
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Introduction to grid-scale battery energy storage system concepts and fire hazards Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-14 Veronica Goldsmith
As the world continues to enact progressive climate change targets, renewable energy solutions are needed to achieve these goals. One such solution is large-scale lithium-ion battery (LIB) energy storage systems which are at the forefront in ensuring that solar- and wind-generated power is delivered when the grids need it most. However, the perceived hazards of LIBs due to recent events in the United
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Consequence analysis, layer of protection analysis, and bow-tie as strategies to prevent accidents Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Elisio Carvalho Silva
This article discusses some accidents and uses consequence analysis as well as layer of protection analysis (LOPA) and bow-tie to establish the best approach for safely controlling the process to avoid loss of containment due to overfilling. Four accidents and their aftermaths are examined, considering current investigations. Consequence analysis was used with 12 products to demonstrate how to determine
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Retrospective on the risk matrix, part 1 Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 James A. Moseman
A review of historic mathematical, risk, and engineering science information was conducted to find the roots of the risk matrix. The objective was to locate and evaluate information surrounding its use. A three-tiered (low, medium, high) system is historical, if not biologically programmed into human physiology. The Risk Matrix is a Likert preference system that has migrated into engineering and science
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Human factors analysis of a fatal gas explosion on June 13, 2021 in Shiyan City, China Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-24 Ling Yang, Mengmeng Chen, Weisong Fan
Human factors are considered the main cause of accidents involving pipeline explosionf. In order to identify the path of human-induced explosion accidents, a gas pipeline explosion that occurred in Shiyan city of China is investigated thoroughly in this study. Applying the 24Model, the causes of the accident are classified into two levels: organizational and individual. The organizational level causes
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Application of quantitative risk analysis to fireproofing Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Jeffrey D. Marx, Benjamin Ishii
One of the core elements of fire protection for petrochemical processing plants is the consideration of passive fire protection (PFP). This general category, often referred to as fireproofing, is addressed in the American Petroleum Institute (API)-recommended practice (RP) 2218. This RP provides guidelines for the selection and application of fireproofing with what is mostly a qualitative risk assessment
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Environmental, social, governance: The future of process safety management or repeat of the past? Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-16 Rainer Hoff, Kathy Shell
Sites have implemented process safety management (PSM) systems, initially for Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) PSM and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) risk management program (RMP) compliance. Then later, they adapted those systems for risk-based process safety (RBPS). They discovered the power of leveraging these foundational systems of procedures, tools, and practices
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An unexpected explosion while fumigating a grain silo: It wasn't the dust Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Trevor Lardinois, Delmar “Trey” Morrison, Daniela Revez
Large-scale fumigation of grain silos is a strategy to mitigate infestation of the bulk material. A common fumigant precursor for grain processes is aluminum phosphide, which exothermically decomposes in the presence of moisture (from the grain or air) to the toxic fumigant: phosphine gas. To overcome the hazards of exothermic decomposition and phosphine exposure, aluminum phosphide pellets can be
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Overcome the challenges of implementing safety instrumented systems for reactive processes Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-10 Eloise Roche, Angela E. Summers
Safety instrumented systems (SISs) are generally used against process safety hazards with the potential to severely injure, or even kill, personnel or members of the public. Reactive processes are a common application for SISs due to the potential for significant energy release during the reaction, which tends to cause catastrophic rupture of the vessel. While some applications can address the reactive
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The role of motivation in human performance and in minimizing the impact of human error Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-10 Ritche Niño Li
The role of human error is the subject of various case studies on process safety incidents worldwide. To improve the situation and minimize the impact of human error, efforts are widely focused on the external job situation, such as job design, and the rules of rewards and punishments. Furthermore, organizations have opted to improve individual conditions such as job competencies and skills development
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The effectiveness of behavior-based safety observation program (BSOP) in the chemical manufacturing industry Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-07 Junaidah Zakaria, Che Rosmani Che Hassan, Mahar Diana Hamid, Ezrin Hani Sukadarin
In 2022, there were 4514 reported cases of occupational accidents in Malaysian manufacturing industry, which is the highest among the sectors. Although governmental regulations mandate the use of personal protective equipment and safe working procedures, workers still take risks while completing their job. Behavioral-based safety (BBS) approach has become a reliable way for correcting workers' behavior
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Correction to Book Review of “Fire Protection Handbook®: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Vol 1 and 2. 21st ed. 2023. p. 3800. $749. ISBN: 978-1-455929-1-39” Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-30
Willey, R.J. (2023), Book Review of Fire Protection Handbook®: National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Vol 1 and 2. 21st ed. 2023. p. 3800. $749. ISBN: 978-1-455929-1-39. Process Saf Prog., 42: 392-392. https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.12458 An incorrect email address was attached to the article for the corresponding author, Ronald J. Willey. The correct email address is r.willey@northeastern.edu.
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Case study: Investigating the effect of the A2 Pasquill atmospheric condition on the dispersion modeling of heavy gases Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Alia Nathani, Chee Seang Ong
This study provides a defensible argument for the inclusion of the A2 Pasquill weather parameter in dispersion modeling, in addition to the typical F2 and D5. The A2 parameter conservatively models gas releases that concentrate at ground level, thus allowing for a more robust design of vent heights, surrounding structures/equipment and safety measures. For this investigation, 12 case studies of common
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Improving PSM and HSEMS compliance in Malaysian upstream oil and gas industry: A case study assessment for plug and abandonment activities Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Mohd Shazman Zulkiply, Siti Aslina Hussain
Process safety incidents in the oil and gas industry can have serious consequences. In the United States and Malaysia, standards for process safety management (PSM) have been established by US OSHA and PETRONAS, respectively. However, these standards are not always properly understood or followed by employers, resulting in ineffective safety programs and uncontrolled hazards. Plug and abandonment (P&A)
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Explosion mitigation of methane–air mixture in combined application of HFC-227ea/CO2 and ultrafine water mist in the pipeline Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Ke Yang, Yue Jia, Hong Ji, Zhixiang Xing, Juncheng Jiang
In order to reduce the power of methane explosion in natural gas pipelines and effectively improve the explosion suppression efficiency of a single explosion suppressant, we carry out the explosion suppression of HFC-227ea/carbon dioxide mixed gas as well as mixed gas/ultrafine water mist through a self-built methane explosion suppression experimental platform. Based on the changes in parameters such
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Electrostatic hazards: Identifying the early warning signs to reduce explosion risk1 Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Vahid Ebadat, Paul Cartwright
Electrostatic discharges are known to cause many industrial fires and explosions each year. Yet it is quite usual to find that before an incident operatives have encountered signs that static electricity is present. These signs—the ‘early warning signs’—had their significance been appreciated, could have prevented many industrial fires or explosions. In this paper, we bring together evidence obtained
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Analysis of accidents in chemistry/chemical engineering laboratories in Korea Process Saf. Prog. (IF 1.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Jong Gu Kim, Han Jin Jo, Young Hee Roh
This is the first study to statistically analyze all chemical laboratory accidents in South Korea during 2015–2021 to examine the relationship among accident types and causes, damage types, and damaged areas. The data included accidents with injury requiring treatment for more than three days, following the standards of the Act on the Establishment of Safe Laboratory Environment. Frequency analysis