We report the comparative study of electronic and optical properties of (6,1) SWCNT from GGA and DFT-1/2 methods. (6,1) SWCNT is a low-bandgap semiconductor, which falls within (\(n_1-n_2\))/3\(\ne \,\) integer. The calculated bandgaps are 0.371 eV and 0.462 eV from GGA and DFT-1/2, respectively. Thus, DFT-1/2 enhanced the electronic bandgap by 24.52%. From both GGA and DFT-1/2 approaches (6,1) SWCNT

In this study, nitric acid oxidation with varied treatment temperature and time was conducted on the surfaces of polyacrylonitrile-based ultrahigh modulus carbon fibers. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and surface tension/dynamic contact angle instruments were used to investigate changes in surface topography and chemical functionality before and after

The XYZ 3-dimensional thermal conductivities of the C/C up to 2000 °C were measured by a laser flash method. Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composites (C/C) were generally developed for aerospace missions due to their excellent thermal resistivity at ultrahigh temperature. C/C must endure harsh environments such as thousands of degrees Celsius without degradation of its mechanical properties. To solve

Nanostructured ZnO materials have been studied extensively because of their functional properties. This paper presents a composite material of zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) and porous carbon using a one-step carbonization process. The direct carbonization of a metal–organic complex generates mesostructured porous carbon with a homogeneous distribution of ZnO QDs. The structural and morphological

We report the rapid single-step flame synthesis of hydrophobic carbon layers (C-layers) on the surface of stainless-steel (SS) substrates using vaporized biodiesel as the fuel. A co-flow canola methyl ester/air diffusion flame is used to generate a hydrophobic monolayer on the surface of the metal substrate upon its insertion into the reaction zone. Carbon deposition on the surface of the SS substrates

The present work reports the effect of different functionalization methodologies on surface modification of porous carbon and its efficacy for benzene adsorption. The virgin and surface-modified adsorbents were characterized by FTIR, N2 sorption analysis, SEM, and Boehm titration. The adsorption isotherms were measured at different temperatures using a highly sensitive magnetic suspension microbalance

The behaviour of semiconducting graphene quantum dots (GQDs), as good candidates for various biological carrier applications and optical sensing, are necessary to be studied under various conditions. In this study, GQD models were generated according to the geometrical and chemical specifications of synthesized GQDs to achieve the most realistic models. The GQDs’ bandgap and distribution of their electric

The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) coating in the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) of different molecular weights (MW) on the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of carbon fiber/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and carbon fiber/epoxy composites was investigated. The IFSS between the carbon fiber and the polymer was evaluated by means of single fiber microbonding test. The results

In this study, graphene was rapidly grown by chemical vapor deposition using a liquid cell for supplying methanol as a carbon source of graphene. To realize the rapid growth, methanol which is carbon-contained organic solvent was used instead of methane gas, a widely used carbon source for graphene growth. The graphene grown with the growth time as a variable was transferred to a SiO2/Si substrate

We report a simple procedure to fabricate single crystals 3D C60 having an FCC structure on silicon substrates using a vapour–solid set-up in vacuum conditions. The morphology of the deposited film can be tuned by controlling the temperature and position of the substrate. The as-fabricated samples are extensively characterised by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray

Abstract Molecules possessing harmine moiety are reported to exhibit marked fungicidal and bactericidal activities. In this study, various quinozilinium tetrafluoroborate salts were synthesized using acylic and cyclic oxoketene dithioacetals followed by cycloaromatization from Harmine. All of these synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass and CHN analysis. This methodology

In this study, a new method of rapid preparation of carbon nanotube (CNT) solution with highly dispersed morphology by free arc excitation is proposed, which shortens the time of the preparation of CNT solution with low concentration. The principle is that the high-energy flow density heat generated by the free arc makes the vaporizable substance coated on the surface of CNTs vaporize rapidly, and

Morphology control of a graphene nanosheet (GNS) is important for graphene-based battery electrodes to exhibit the increased practical surface area and the enhanced ion diffusion into the nanosheets. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to minutely control the shape of graphene nanosheets based on the conventional GNS suspension methods. In this work, we fabricated wrinkle textures of free-standing GNS

In recent years, special attention of energy researchers has been paid to application of polymer–carbon dots composite in energy storage systems. In this work, for the first time, we introduced a combination of polyaniline, carbon dots, polypyrrole and graphene as high performance supercapacitor. Synergistic effect of conductive polymers combined with specific properties of graphene and carbon dots

The pitch-based activated carbons were prepared with KOH/KMnO4 as a multiple function activation agent to increase the specific capacitance of a supercapacitor electrode active material. And the porous structure and electrochemical properties of activated carbon were analyzed on varying amounts of KMnO4. KMnO4 was decomposed into K2O, MnO, and O2 at the activation temperature of KOH, and MnO was introduced

Compared to carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene possesses high strength due to wrinkled surface texture caused by a high density of surface defects which benefits more contact with the polymer material than a rolled-up CNT. In the present review, we have discussed and compared the various properties of CNTs (1-D) and graphene (2-D) obtained in experimental results. The effects of covalent and non-covalent

In the current work, we have developed a new composite catalyst for methanol oxidation based on Ni and/or NiO incorporated in activated carbon (AC) derived from agricultural wastes (Rice straw). The new electrocatalysts based on nickel-activated carbon (Ni/AC) and nickel oxide-activated carbon (NiO/AC) composites were prepared by electroless plating technique. Physico-chemical characteristics of the

Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs), zero-dimensional nanoparticles which are derived from carbon-based sources owned the new pavement for the energy storage applications. With the varying synthesis routes, the in-built properties of GQDs are enhanced in different categories like quantum efficiency, nominal size range, and irradiation wavelength which could be applied for the several of energy and optoelectronics

Engineering the microstructure of the carbonaceous materials is a promising strategy to enhance the capacitive performance of supercapacitors. In this work, nanostructured Black Pearl (1500 BP) carbon which is a conductive carbon being commercially used in printing rolls, conductive packaging, conductive paints, etc. is analyzed for its feasibility as an electrode material for Electric Double-Layer

Multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (CNT/P3HT) and CNT-graft-poly(3-dodecylthiophene) (PDDT)/P3HT nanohybrids were applied in active layers to study the effects of these nanostructures on the polymer solar cell (PSC) performance. The charge-carrier dynamics and photophysics were studied in the binary and ternary systems based on P3HT, pre-developed nanostructures and/or phenyl-C71-butyric

Processing and characterization of graphene (Gr)-reinforced aluminium alloy 7075 (AA7075) microcomposites and nanocomposites are reported in this work. Composites are fabricated by mechanical alloying process at wet conditions. The bulk composites are prepared by uniaxial die pressing to get higher densification and sintered in an inert atmosphere. Density of the nanocomposites is higher than the microcomposites

Abstract In this study, we report a controlled one-pot green synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via pyrolysis of sustainable agriculture waste (chickpea peel) at 400 °C in aqueous medium. These MWCNTs demonstrated 7.0 nm diameter, 0.28 nm graphitic spacing with carbonyl, hydroxyl, and carboxylic acid functionality. The D band (presence of sp3 defects) and G band (E2g mode of graphite)

Graphene is an unconventional material with a two-dimensional hexagonal crystalline array of elemental carbon atoms and outstanding properties; accordingly, a desirable objective in the line of research of graphene is the development of novel and more productive methods of synthesis, validating its properties and applications. In our exploratory research, we have effectively exfoliated graphene from

Lightweight and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are in great demand for wearable EMI device. In the present work, lightweight and flexible carbon nanotube (CNT)/ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) composite film was made through a feasible chemical vapor deposition process for CNT film synthesis, followed by a hydrothermal reduction process for Fe3O4 coating. In the as-prepared

The porous carbons with high specific surface area and excellent electrochemical properties were prepared using three types of green needle coke as raw materials. Electrochemical performances of the porous carbons derived from different microstructure green needle coke were investigated. The XRD and Raman spectra demonstrated that the content of the ordered carbon microcrystals were decreased and the

Starting materials are very significant to produce activated carbons because every starting material has a different chemical structure; hence they affect the surface functional groups and surface morphologies of obtained activated carbons. In this study, sycamore balls, ripe black locust seed pods, and Nerium oleander fruits have been used as starting materials by ZnCl2 chemical activations for the

In this study, we developed a facile and template-free strategy for the preparation of activated porous carbon beads (APCBs) from polyacrylonitrile. The chemical activation with KOH was found to enhance the pore properties, such as specific surface area (SSA), pore volume, and pore area. The APCBs exhibited a large SSA of 1147.99 m2/g and a pore area of 131.73 m2/g. The APCB-based electrodes showed

Activated carbon from the shell of the cashew of Para (SCP) was produced by chemical activation with ZnCl using the ratio of SCP: ZnCl2 1.0:1.5 at 700 °C. The prepared activated carbon (SCP700) was used for the removal of two emerging contaminants, 4-bromophenol (4-BrPhOH) and 4-chloroaniline (4-ClPhNH2) that are primarily employed in the industry. Different analytical techniques were used to characterize

This paper presents a Raman spectroscopy study of the influence of methane flow on the micro-tribological behavior of diamond-like carbon coatings deposited with an industrial plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system. Results have shown a direct relationship between the methane flow and thickness of the coatings. The analysis of the Raman spectra and deposition parameters allowed establishing

In order to improve the thermal shock and ablation resistance of high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced by electrophoretic deposition. After modification, the flexural strength of the composites increases by 53.0% due to the greatly strengthened interfaces. During thermal shock between 1100 °C and room temperature for 30 times, the strength continues

We report on the one-step synthesis of luminescent carbon nanodots (C-dots) via an electrical discharge between two graphite electrodes submerged into organic solvent (octane). This is a simple approach for the fabrication of C-dots with tunable photoluminescence (PL) that differs from the other preparation methods, as no post-passivation step is required. The synthesized carbon nanoparticles are of

Biomass porous carbons derived from Laminaria japonica were prepared by KOH and H3PO4 activation methods, respectively. The results indicated that the chemical activation had an apparent effect on the molecular framework and space of materials. To enhance the selective adsorption for organic acids, biomass carbons were modified by dopamine combined with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane

Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were treated by electroless plating of CuO to improve their removal performance for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The properties of these samples(CuO@ACFs) were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), BET and N2O chemisorption to determine the area and dispersion of metallic CuO. The removal efficiency for benzene was investigated by gas chromatography

Necessity of novel energy storage devices extensively increased due to consumption of high power in various devices. To address the issues, in this report, we are addressing with a composite Iron Sulfide/reduced Graphene Oxide (Fe3S4/rGO) synthesized using the standard solvothermal method. X-ray diffraction and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope analysis results confirmed that Face-Centered

Effective processing and use of coal slime is of great significance to protect the environment and save resources. Different coal slimes (untreated with 43 wt% ash content, crushed and flotation treated with 10 wt% ash content, and pre-carbonized) were activated with KOH to prepare porous activated carbon. The results show the activated carbon prepared from coal slime with 10 wt% ash had high specific

In-situ carbon-coated tin oxide (ISCC-SnO2) was fabricated by colloidal processing and sucrose was used as a soluble carbon source. ISCC-SnO2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption by BET methods, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD)

To meet the increased performance and cost requirements of commercial supercapacitor, a N and O self-doped hierarchical porous carbon is fabricated via a green and simple self-activation route utilizing leaves of wild hollyhock as raw materials. Comparing to commercial activated carbon, the reported material exhibits some marked merits, such as simple and green fabrication process, low cost, and superior

In this research, Pb (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) toxic heavy metal ions adsorption from synthetic aqueous system have been studied using the activated carbon prepared from Citrus limetta leaves. Therefore, the relationship between the adsorption parameters (solution pH, dosage of adsorbent, temperature, initial concentration of the ions, and adsorption time) and the removal percentage of the prepared

To investigate the effect of gas dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and hot pressing method on the transparency and the conductivity of thin films, the free arc was used to disperse the CNTs in a high dispersion rate, and the dispersed CNTs were rapidly pressed into the surface of the PET film by hot pressing to obtain electrical conductivity. The relationship between the light transmission and sheet

Unfortunately, the funding note has been omitted during the e-proofing.

A highly functional, environmentally friendly carbonaceous adsorbent material using black liquor (a by-product from the pulp manufacturing) was produced and characterized. This study showed the effect of self-chemical activation driven by inherent alkali, originated from the unique composition of black liquor. A preparation of the micropore-dominant activated carbon was made in an easy and simple manner

Herein, we report significantly enhanced mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of polyimide (PI) by incorporating a small amount (0.01 wt %) of individualized boron-doped high-quality graphene as a filler. The boron-doped expandable graphite (B-EG) was synthesized by mixing boric acid (H3BO4) with expandable graphite (EG) and thermally treating the mixture at 2450 °C for 30 min using a graphite

In aluminum electrolysis, sodium penetration into carbon cathodes is considered as the main cause of cell failure and efficiency loss, but the detailed mechanism is still not definitely clear. Since the macroscopic properties of material depend on the microscopic structures, a large-scale atomistic model of anthracite cathodes was constructed to represent several important structural characteristics

Facile process for the fabrication of multi-layer graphene thin film (MLGF) is reported here. Multi-layer graphene dispersion prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite was sprayed on a glass substrate by spray pyrolysis method. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the deposited MLGF are investigated. The sheets of graphene are deposited uniformly on the substrate and distribution

A liquid-phase exfoliation of few-layer graphene in tea is considered as one of the alternative approaches for the preparation of environment-friendly graphene. However, the removal of chemically adsorbed tea-polyphenols from graphene is known to be difficult and the application of centrifugation or filtration alone for the purification of graphene against tea-polyphenols is regarded to be almost technically

Our objective of this study is to design and develop a polyethylene glycol (PEG2000)-modified multiwall carbon nanotube (PEGylated MWCNT) formulation for oral controlled metronomic chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Multiwall carbon nanotubes undergo various chemical modifications including oxidation with strong acids, conjugation of polyethylene glycol, and coating with cellulose acetate phthalate which

For solving phase separation of nanoparticles and graphene oxide (GO) in the application process, MgWO4–GO nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using three different dispersants via a facile solvothermal-assisted in situ synthesis method. The structure and morphology of the prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy

Fly ash consists of various metal oxides which can remove SO2 gas by the catalyst effect. When fly ash is added in the preparation process of pitch-based activated carbon, the pitch particles aggregate and fly ash is embedded in the activated carbon. To increase SO2 gas removal performance, activated carbon was prepared by surface-treated fly ash and petroleum-based pitch. Carboxyl groups were introduced

Among various methods to produce graphene sheets, electrochemical exfoliation has been regarded as an effective method for the mass production of high-quality graphene sheets because of its simplicity and environmental friendliness. However, conventional electrochemical exfoliation has a disadvantage of accumulating intercalating ions at graphite interlayers owing to the use of a constant voltage.

Carbon short fibers/copper composites with different carbon short fiber contents up to 15 wt.% as reinforcements are prepared to investigate the influence of the carbon short fiber surface coating on the microstructure, density, and electrical properties of the carbon short fibers/copper composites. The carbon short fibers were surface treated by acid functionalization followed by alkaline treatment

In the present study, carbon molded bodies were prepared by using graphite/coke fillers and petroleum-based binder pitch with various softening points, and the thermal properties of the prepared carbon molded bodies were investigated. The ratio of a binder affects the molded body preparation: no molded body was prepared at a low binder pitch content, and swelling occurred during the thermal treatment

Low thermal conductivity carbon fibers from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) are currently being explored as an alternative for traditional rayon-based carbon fibers with a thermal conductivity of 4 W/m K. Compared to multiple component electrospinning, this research demonstrated another feasible way to make low thermal conductivity carbon fibrous material by electrospinning PAN followed by carbonization and

The life span of many engineering components depends upon their surface properties. The improved surface properties of the materials are essential for enhancing the mechanical and tribological performance of the material. In many applications, the components required only improved surface properties without changing the entire volume properties of the material. The friction stir process (FSP) is a

Polypyrrole (PPy) decorated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films is successfully prepared with pyrrole (Py) monomers and rGO through one-step combining oxidation with polymerization reaction. Compared with the pure individual components, rGO/PPy compound turns out better electrochemical characteristics owing to the introduction of rGO sheets, which improves the specific surface area and the conductivity

In this study, hair waste was converted into active carbon for the first time and its characteristics were analyzed. As chemical activation tool, zinc chloride (ZnCl2) was impregnated and then carbonized under different temperatures (250–300 °C). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images showed an increase in the pore density, radius and volume of pores. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that

Numerous studies have reported that good adhesion and fluorination of carbon materials in a fluoropolymer matrix enhance their electrical and mechanical properties. However, a composite reinforced with oxyfluorinated graphite has not been reported for improving mechanical properties. This paper discusses the fabrication of conductive fluorinated ethylene–propylene (FEP)/oxyfluorinated graphite (f-graphite)

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the porous structure of biochars produced from biomass, namely eucalyptus, wood chips, pruning waste and rice husk. The structural analysis was carried out using the BET, the t-plot, the NLDFT and the LBET methods, which yielded not only complementary information on the adsorptive properties of obtained biochars from these materials, but also information

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are network-like frameworks composed of transition metals and organic ligands containing oxygen or nitrogen. Because of its highly controllable composition and ordered porous structure, it has broad application prospects in the field of material synthesis. In this work, Zn4(PYDC)4(DMF)2∙3DMF (ZPD) was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Self-doped nitrogen porous

We studied trichloroethylene (TCE) adsorption from aqueous solutions in equilibrium conditions by activated carbons (AC). They differ in raw materials, porous structure characteristics and chemical state of the surface. TCE adsorption isotherms were found to have a concave shape, which is characteristic of a sorbent—sorbate weak interaction. It can be a result from electrostatic repulsion of organic

Heteroatoms in situ-doped hierarchical porous hollow-activated carbons (HPHACs) have been prepared innovatively by pyrolyzation of setaria viridis combined with alkaline activation for the first time. The micro-morphology, pore structure, chemical compositions, and electrochemical properties are researched in detail. The obtained HPHACs are served as outstanding electrode materials in electrochemical