The Scottish electricity network is currently in a transition towards becoming 100% renewable. Offshore wind, due to a large natural resource, is expected to be key in this transition. In addition to the anticipated environmental benefits, increasing the share of offshore wind is expected to bring economic benefits to the region. In this study two multi-sectoral modelling methodologies – Input-Output

Borehole heat exchanger (BHE) is a promising method for extracting heat from the deep geothermal energy which has been widely used for residential heating in high latitude areas. The solar assisted photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) heat pump could convert solar energy into useful heat efficiently, and could be further used to heat water from the BHE to a higher temperature level. In this paper, a residential

In this research, a one-pot production of biodiesel, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and aromatics form Chlorella vulgaris was performed in supercritical methanol without catalyst and in the presence of TiO2 and SrTiO3 nanocatalysts. The reaction in the presence of SrTiO3 showed the highest production yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). The co-solvents water, chloroform, diethyl ether, and n-hexane

The present paper concerns the assessment of biomass by-products from the urban greenery maintenance with an energy perspective. Usually pruning is not organized by a consolidated planning practice, mainly because of lack of information. After estimating the quantity of wood pruning by-products by means of dendrometric equations and the availability of information on current greenery management, an

When an axial flow pump operates at small flow rates, rotating stall may occur, which seriously restricts the pump performance and poses a great threat to the safe and stable operation of the whole system. The present work proposed a new groove flow control technology for the axial flow pump and studied its improvement effect and mechanism under stall conditions by numerical simulation. Results show

This paper presents a novel composite phase change material (PCM) with two phase transition temperatures (PTTs), which can be used in solar water heating system (SWHS) to accomplish the demand for seasonal thermal energy storage. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model of evacuated tube collector (ETC) is established. An outdoor test rig has been fabricated to validate the numerical analysis. Differential

Solar air heaters (SAHs) are generally used in different applications because of their simple structure, low setup cost, and also their higher energy conversion efficiency. In this study, a v-groove type SAH (VTPSAH) has been developed, manufactured and compared with parallel-pass SAH (PPSAH) and double-pass SAH (DPSAH) under same climatic conditions. In addition to the experimental analysis, CFD simulation

A methodology to assess the performance of an elbow-type draft tube is outlined. This was achieved using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the pressure recovery and mechanical energy losses along a draft tube design, while using open-source and commercial software to parameterise and regenerate the geometry and CFD grid. An initial validation study of the elbow-type draft tube is carried

Experimentally analyzing the photovoltaic (PV) performance and the photon transport mechanism of large-area luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) (>200 cm2) has proven difficult because common solar simulators and integrating spheres have limited measuring capacity. This report introduces an approach of regional measurements to address these issues using common laboratory instruments. In this approach

The objective of the present work is to analyse until the end of the 21st century the dynamics of the wave power in the Black Sea in the context of climate changes. A wave modelling system was implemented for the entire basin of the Black Sea. The wind fields provided by a regional climate model for two emission scenarios are considered to force the wave model. Assuming both scenarios, wave simulations

The presented study proves the possibility of modelling variable optical properties actuated by a temperature inside the layer of phase change material (PCM) placed in a glass container. The new approach was implemented in ESP-r simulation tool by refining solar.F subroutine. The paper presents the results of numerical analysis of complex, triple glazed PCM-window. The optical properties substitution

Sustainable livelihoods approach is progressively being applied in feasibility assessment for implementation of alternative energy technologies in developing countries. In this study, an evaluation model for assessing the sustainable livelihoods capitals, namely, social, natural, financial, physical and human capitals by utilizing interpretive structural modeling approach and MICMAC analysis is proposed

To improve energy efficiency of data centers, an air conditioning system for the concept of demand-based on cooling was proposed. This system combines a heat pipe cooling cycle and a vapor compression cooling cycle. Besides, the evaporative condenser is used to further utilize the natural cooling source, and the evaporator is put into the rack to realize on-demand cooling. A mathematical model was

The penetration of renewable energy sources for electricity generation is critical to decarbonize electricity systems, a main goal in the context of the energy transition. Among renewable energies capacity additions, wind energy has played a dominant role in the European Union and elsewhere, fuelled by technology cost reductions and public promotion schemes. In turn, wind deployment has led to considerable

The objective of the present work is to analyse the expected dynamics of the wind energy in the Baltic Sea. From the 18 offshore wind farms currently operating there, 10 locations with higher installed capacity have been selected as reference. The wind data delivered by a Regional Climate Model (RCM) are processed and analysed considering the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios 4.5

In this work, we aimed to present an efficient catalyst in potassium borohydride hydrolysis for hydrogen production. Therefore 5-Amino-2,4-dichlorophenol-3,5-ditertbutylsalisylaldimine-Pd complex was synthesized. FT-IR, SEM, TEM, BET, XRD, Elemental Analysis techniques was employed for characterization of Pd-complex catalyst. When the catalyst tested in KBH4 hydrolysis reaction, some affecting factors

Biogas is a valuable source of renewable energy produced from biodegradable organic materials via anaerobic digestion. The production of H2 by sorption enhanced steam reforming (SESR) of biogas has been studied thermodynamic and experimentally. A Pd/Ni–Co catalyst and dolomite as CO2 sorbent were used. The effect of biogas composition (CH4/CO2 vol%) on the process was evaluated at 600 and 650 °C in

The growing energy demand places its focus on renewable energy resources as a sustainable energy resource. Wind Power is one of the important sources of renewable energy. However, it exhibits challenges in the form of stability and control when integrating with the conventional grid. Though the connection of wind power plants does not require any major redesign, it is, however, necessary to ensure

The testing production of equipment that allows making biogas is based on standard techniques and methods for implementing the principle of biogas production. The main differentiation between samples of equipment is to sell products on the market as quickly as possible and with a large number of products. However, the basic methods, forms and methods of biogas production using modern equipment require

This work presents a model based on analytical equations to identify the Best Efficiency Point (BEP) of Pumps-as-Turbines (PaTs). The equations are developed exploiting an experimental data-set of 59 PaTs, obtained in both pump and turbine modes, in form of non-dimensional parameters. Data analysis shows a linear correlation between specific speeds in pump and turbine modes, as well as between specific

Accurate short-term solar irradiance forecasting is crucial for ensuring the optimum utilization of photional neural network (CNN) to extract spatial features from a two-dimensional matrix composed of meteorological parameters associated with a target site and its neighboring sites. Thetovoltaic power generation sources. This study addresses this issue by proposing a spatiotemporal correlation model

Biological pretreatment using microorganisms or enzymes offers an eco-friendly process for biomass processing. Herein, the efficiency of pretreatment of rice straw with the cellulase-free xylanolytic enzyme-producing Bacillus firmus K-1 and its enzymes was assessed. After pretreatment with strain K-1 (BRS), the xylan content in rice straw reduced significantly (21% removal), thus increasing exposure

The elephant grass has proved to be a great option for biomass production because it causes less damage to the environment, yet there is not a lot of information about its use as a renewable energy source. The objective of this study was to use multivariate analysis to check elephant grass genotypes for biomass production. Between 2016 and 2018, comprising four semiannual cutting, 12 entries were evaluated

Catalytic in-situ hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) has received a great interest in recent years. Different reaction parameters such as catalysts, reaction temperature, time, pressure, solvents and catalyst amount optimized to achieve the highest conversion of HMF and selectivity of the products. The highest conversion of HMF (98%) and selectivity of DMF (97%)

Paper mulberry, a fast-growing and vigorous plant, is a potential substrate for producing lignocellulosic bioethanol and an important renewable alternative to fossil fuels. In order to improve the economic feasibility of ethanol production from paper mulberry, H3PO4/H2O2 pretreatment was selected as the most suitable pretreatment method that could produce the highest glucose concentration (131 g/L)

In this work the simulation results of a newly developed meso-microscale coupling methodology suited for steady-state computational fluid dynamic models (CFD) are compared with mesoscale and standalone microscale simulations at 5 sites. The coupling methodology uses averaged fields of wind speed and potential temperature simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model as boundary and initial

This study presents the performance analysis of solar air heater in which spring shaped fins introduced beneath the absorber plate are investigated. Effects of spring fin wire diameter ratio, spring diameter ratio and helicoidal pitch ratio on the thermal performance for varying flow rates are analyzed. The results for thermo-hydraulic enhancement factor are studied and it is found that the spring

This paper proposes a multi-reflection heliostat to improve solar power tower plant performance. It can eliminate the significant cosine loss by keeping its aperture always facing the sun. The key structural parameters are specially designed for a superior solar image property. On its basis, a case study on the three-reflection heliostat is first conducted. By the field efficiency distribution comparison

The inherent uncertainties associated with offshore wind are substantial, as are the investments. Therefore, investors are keen to identify and evaluate the risks. This paper presents a model to economically evaluate projects from an offshore transmission owner's perspective by considering the revenue streams, capital costs, and operational expenditure. To allow a more realistic economic evaluation

Currently, photovoltaic (PV) installations target a maximization of annual energy yield. However, as the grid penetration of PV is increasing, PV electricity generation will need to match better with local load profiles. Especially the seasonal variabilities remain challenging. While wind and PV tend to have complementary seasonal variability, wind turbine installation faces limitations especially

In this paper, we propose a complete modeling approach of hydraulic power plants and a control solution to improve the start-up performance of hydraulic turbines. This paper presents a novel simple speed controller that is capable of starting-up hydraulic turbines fast enough while limiting sharp pressure head oscillations. Its simplicity makes it easy to adopt by practitioners, and capable of running

In this study, nucleate boiling heat transfer (NBHT) based self-cooling thermal management system is designed and thermodynamically analyzed for high concentrating photovoltaics (CPV). The overall self-cooling system, consisting of two rows of CPV i.e. CPV 1 and CPV 2, coupled together with the absorption cooling (AbC) system. Thermal energy from CPV 1 is supplied to AbC system to produce cooling,

A breakwater-WEC system combining heaving body Wave Energy Converters (WEC) and Comb-Type Breakwater (CTB) was investigated. The traditional CTB consists of a distributed array of separated bottom-mounted caissons and wave chambers are located between two caissons. Heaving bodies provide the power take off (PTO) principles that are arranged at the wave chamber of the CTB. The interaction of the CTB

An accurate wake model is essential for the mathematical modeling of a wind farm (WF) and the optimal positioning of wind turbines (WTs). In order to effectively solve the WF layout optimization problem, this paper presents a newly-developed three-dimensional (3D) Gaussian wake model and applies it to the optimization of a WF layout. Firstly, the basic functions of the proposed model are deduced. Secondly

This study puts forward an investigation into the hydrodynamic performance concerning a ducted, high-solidity tidal turbine utilising blade-resolved computational fluid dynamics. The model achieves similarity values of over 0.96 with experimentation data regarding a three-bladed horizontal-axis tidal turbine in validation of three distinct parameters: power & torque coefficient, thrust coefficient

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) systems are of specific interest for the treatment of high organic wastewater since they offer the opportunity to recover energy in the form of methane (biogas). The technology is highly suitable for the degradation of biodegradable organics, but its efficiency can be significantly hampered by the presence of toxic pollutants in the water. In this study, the use

With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs), EV charging load simulation is of significance to tackle the challenges for planning and operating a highly-penetrated power system. However, the lack of historical charging data, as well as consideration on the temperature and traffic, pose obstacles to establish an accurate model. This paper presents a spatial-temporal EV charging load profile

In this work, the ability of the Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections technique to provide useful information for decisions on wind capacity allocation aimed at enhanced output stability is explored. Using data from a high-resolution simulation with the regional climate model REMO over the Iberian Peninsula, the performance of Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections is assessed against the outcome of

This study provides a framework to assess the economic viability of introducing tidal energy in a remote community to be used as a rapid screening tool by communities or project developers. Tidal projects life-cycle costs are modelled using the capabilities of HOMER Pro. Communities are described by the local price of diesel fuel (as a metric of the cost of electricity), their electrical load scale

A novel trimetal-oxides (Ru/Fe/Ce) supported on γ-Al2O3 catalyst was synthesised by simple impregnation method and the activity was investigated at atmospheric pressure. The results showed that Ru/Fe/Ce (5:10:85)/γ-Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 1000 °C for 5 h was effective and gave a 97.20% of CO2 conversion at 275 °C with 93.5% of CH4 formation. The catalyst possesses medium-strength basic sites with

This study investigates how a district with a high capacity of non-controllable renewable electricity generation can entirely self-consume its production at a community level either directly or for heating and cooling, thus potentially fulfilling the concept of "Renewable Energy Community". It investigates the potential role of storage systems and polygeneration in renewables self-consumption, by also

This study identified areas suitable for photovoltaic (PV) and onshore wind systems, with few or no competing land uses. All contiguous land in Japan was classified into 15 independent land-use types according to their regulation level. Four types were determined as soft-restriction areas suitable for development: devastated farmland, grassland, bareland, and scrubland. Legally prohibited land in nature