To achieve China′s mandatory energy conservation and emission reduction targets, it is necessary to examine the driving factors in the energy increase with the due consideration of regional disparities. This study develops a region-based structural decomposition analysis method to capture the spatial heterogeneity of driving factors between eastern, central, and western China from a temporal perspective

Steam methane reforming is a common commercial technology for practical H2 production. The steam methane reforming process is numerically studied in this work. The key elementary reactions and intermediate species are analyzed to reveal H2 reaction pathways. Influences of temperature, pressure and S/C (the ratio of steam to carbon) on the H2 reaction pathways are investigated. The results demonstrate

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the performance of three grid-connected photovoltaic power plants, of about 2kWp for each plant, using the principal component analysis (PCA) method. These systems include three silicon technologies. The analysis is based on the performance parameters described in the international standard IEC 61724. To perform this comparative analysis, the energy production

Coalfield subsurface fires can result in ecological disasters of global dimensions. These fires are difficult to control therefore can cause colossal wastage of resources, negative impacts on the environment and health problems for large populations. However, if the heat can be effectively recycled and utilized, the combustion energy would be recovered to promote fire suppression and pollution reduction

Diesel engine generators are one of the major methods for off-grid and on-demand electricity generation, particularly in the remote areas of some developing countries. However, access to fossil diesel is often limited by supply or price. In many regions, biomass is an abundant source of energy, but many types are not suitable for producing traditional liquid biofuels such as biodiesel. This paper explores

The objective of this paper was to study the glycerol etherification with ethanol in a fixed bed reactor catalyzed by Amberlyst 15. We analyzed through a four factor central composite design the influence of independent process variables including pressure (7–103 MPa), temperature (180–290 °C), ethanol/glycerol molar ratio (4–30/1) and amount of catalyst (0–0.95 g). Special interest was taken in evaluating

The power generation of renewable energy represented by wind and solar energy on energy supply-side has uncertainty. Meanwhile, the fluctuation problems in power system is also caused by increasing number of air-conditioning loads on energy demanded-side. For addressing the fluctuation, energy storage technology is considered as a crucial solution. Energy storage technology can also improve the flexibility

This paper presents a study on the integration of PCM layer to the exterior walls of a residential building. The main aim of the paper is to investigate the phase state and the heat storage form of a PCM layer integrated into the exterior walls of a residential apartment during heating season. In addition, the winter thermal performance and winter energy saving potential of a residential apartment

Energy plays a leading role in supporting the smart concepts, such as the Internet of Things and data storage, for the advanced development of cities and industries. The smart-concept makes use of the information and communication technologies (ICT) to supply information required for effective management. This Special Issue in Energy includes the latest developments in energy research presented at

In this study, the development and characterization of composite sorbents based on commercial mesoporous silica gels and LiCl for seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) applications is described. The reported activity aims at validating the operation of sorption STES in various cold climatic zones in Europe. Accordingly, the reference boundary conditions were identified by means of a climatic analysis

Due to slow internal mass transport, the fuel cell is a typical time-delay control object in vehicular hybrid powertrain. To yield better control effect, the predictive control is considered as an effective solution, in which the short-term power demand of vehicle is a key input variable and must be predicted accurately. However, a time-phase mismatch phenomenon usually occurs in prediction results

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification process releases much cold energy, and LNG contains light hydrocarbon with high added value. The utilization of LNG cold energy and recovery of light hydrocarbon has been a research hotspot. In this paper, an energy integrated process of air separation and light hydrocarbon recovery driven by LNG cold energy is proposed. HYSYS is used to model and simulate

Energy input-output assessment for crop production processes is becoming increasingly important due to increased energy demand. Efficient use of energy can help achieve an environmentally, economically and socially viable sustainable crop production system now and for the future in general. This paper explores the energy inputs and consumption patterns for rice production system in Nigeria. Energy

In aircraft propulsion as well as stationary power generation, gas turbine engines remain a key energy conversion technology due to their high thermal efficiencies and low emissions. However, as emission requirements become increasingly stringent, engine manufacturers have sought to design combustion systems that operate near the fuel-lean limit of flammability. In this study, superadiabatic matrix-stabilized

This study was conducted with methane as fuel and CO2 as diluent gas. The equivalent effect of initial temperatures (323–423 K) and pressures (0.1–0.3 MPa) coupling on methane-air premixed combustion flame propagation speed (i.e. increasing or decreasing initial temperature and pressure simultaneously to have same flame propagation speeds when equivalence ratio and fraction of CO2 are unchanged) was

Fire accidents induced by indoor energy combustion occurred frequently and caused tremendous loss. This paper investigated the evolution laws of important fire risk parameters for quantitatively assessing the thermal hazard of room with triangular windows by reduced-scale experiments. The fire hazard was characterized by the risk parameters of hot gas temperature inside the room and facade flame height

In this work, a three-dimensional multi-component transport CFD model is established to discuss the discrepancies of local distributions under channels and ribs based on the serpentine flow field. Globally, increment of activation loss in the gas diffusive layer takes more effects on catalytic activity than decrease of oxygen concentration. Locally, current density under the channels and ribs is more

The increasing penetration of renewable energy resources (RES) has prompted the gradual evolution of distribution systems from passive networks to active ones. The independent operators of various microgirds and active users urgently need a new optimization scheme to replace the traditional centralized scheduling method in active distribution network (ADN). This paper proposes a three-layer day-ahead

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of initial pH and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) addition on biogas yield from acid-pretreated Salvinia molesta (pSM). The initial pH was varied to be 5–8 for substrates without SC (D5-D8) and those with SC addition (DR5-DR8). Before used, Salvinia molesta (SM) was pretreated through sulfuric acid pretreatment. The SC with dose of 1 g for 10 g pSM

The NO reducibility of semi-coke has attracted ever-increasing attention. While little previous work focused on the difference between pyrolyzed and gasified semi-cokes on NO reduction. The co-reduction of pyrolyzed and gasified semi-cokes toward NO deserves specific research to optimize the use of the low-volatile carbon-based fuels. This study focused on NO reduction by the pyrolyzed semi-coke, gasified

This paper presents a novel ensemble method of forecasting the residential electricity demand. Firstly, the time-series of the original input variables is filtered by unscented kalman filter (UKF), and then the incremental percentages of current and previous sample points are taken as new input features of the proposed method. Secondly, an improved coupled generative adversarial stacked auto-encoder

This study investigated the effect of shrinking and non-shrinking biomass geometries in a fixed bed reactor. Model simulation was performed to analyze the effect of biomass moisture content, gasification temperature, air flow rate, oxygen content in the primary air, and mass transfer coefficient on product yield for spherical, tabular, and cylindrical biomass briquettes. The model matched well with

In the paper presented is analysis of convective flow heat transfer at supercritical pressure in channels of heat exchanger working in the thermodynamic cycle. The modelling is based on the division of the flow into three regions, namely the heavy fluid, a two phase flow consisting of the heavy and light fluids and finally the light fluid flow. Modelling is concentrated on the region of simultaneous

Photovoltaic (PV) systems transform solar irradiation into electricity, thereby substituting for traditional energy sources and reducing environmental pollution. The present work evaluates a developed market (Italy) in which subsidies have been re-introduced for PV plants with a nominal capacity above 20 kW through the FER1 (renewable energy sources) Decree. The discounted cash flow (DCF) methodology

Based on the finite line source (FLS) model, A heat transfer model considering both multilayer soil and multiple Borehole Heat Exchangers (BHEs) is proposed. The accuracy of the model is verified by experiments. The model is used to study the effect of thermal physical properties of multilayer geological media on the overall thermal efficiency of multiple BHEs. The dimensionless regional thermal efficiency

There are several abatement technologies used for emissions, especially NOx emissions, from Diesel engines. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system and alternative blend fuels are leading among the common methods used. Although the EGR provides remarkable reduction in NOx emissions, has negative effects on other emissions and engine performance. Among the alternative fuels, biodiesel and ethanol are

This paper proposes a new label called ECO2E/KEG for energy production units. So far, appliances and buildings labelling has been developed to support initiatives against global warming issues. Labels were then set up in order to help people in the choice of efficient electrical appliances or buildings from energy consumption point of view. From our knowledge, no labelling has been developed for energy

Disturbance waves in a downwards annular gas-liquid flow were investigated experimentally and numerically in this study. In the experiment, the brightness-based laser-induced fluorescence (BBLIF) technique was utilized to obtain high-resolution spatiotemporal measurements for the film thickness. In the simulations, the two-phase system was simulated by the volume of fluid (VOF) method together with

This paper proposes a recent approach-based moth-flame optimizer (MFO) to enhance the output power of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) via identifying the optimal parameters of its model. The cell is modeled via artificial neural network (ANN) trained by experimental dataset. Six inputs are fed to ANN to get the SOFC terminal voltage. Levenberg-Marquardt is used in training process with minimizing the

This work presents a dynamic simulation model of a prototypal renewable plant producing electricity, heat and cool. The hybrid system consists of a 6 kWe Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), a 17.1 kWf absorption chiller, a geothermal well, a 25 m2 evacuated solar collector field, a 200 kWt biomass heater and a 45.56 kWh electric energy lithium-ion storage system. The geothermal well at 96 °C, in combination

The use of non-renewable resources emits a high quantity of CO2 into environment, leading to a greenhouse effect, to reduce CO2 emissions all countries have shifted to use renewable energy sources. Therefore, this study re-examines the effect of renewable energy consumption on economic growth across 38 renewable-energy-consuming countries from 1990 to 2018. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS)

Pollution reduction from waste management and energy generation is necessary to mitigate climate change and is one of the major challenges of the 21st century. This can be achieved through the development of innovative energy recovery technologies from biomass and wastes, such as microwave plasma gasification. An envelope of stable CO2 plasma operation is described, by varying working gas flow rate

Combustion, noise and vibrations produced by n-Butanol and Oleic Acid Methyl Ester (MO) in Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) were investigated. The Cetane Number was determined using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber (CVCC) for MO100, ULSD, and n-Butanol and found to be 73.8, 47.2, and 16 respectively. In the case of the MO20Bu80 (Methyl Oleate 20% with 80% n-butanol), the maximum

Battery degradation cost is one of the major concerns when designing energy management strategies of DC microgrids. However, many battery degradation models used in the previous works are over-simplified and the effectiveness of which has not been verified. As a result, this paper presents a comparative study of the impact of battery aging models on energy management of the microgrid. Four popular

The energy intensive industries of China consumes the highest share of coal that accounts for 93.69% of China’s total coal consumption. Hence, these industries are important to achieve the goals to reduce carbon emission and energy conservation. The LMDI decomposition analysis is used to investigate the factors affecting coal consumption in these industries. The empirical findings indices that first

The large-scale deployment of smart home technologies will unlock the flexibility of prosumers, which in turn will be transformed into electricity market services by aggregators. This paper proposes a new network-constrained bidding optimization strategy to coordinate the participation of aggregators of prosumers in the day-ahead energy and secondary reserve markets. This bidding optimization strategy

Magnetic and mechanical noise in the frequency range of MHz are available in the environment and could be harvested for human convenience. This manuscript focuses on the dynamical behavior of hybrid magneto-mechano-electric (MME) energy harvesters to convert the energy of the magnetic noise and mechanical noise to electrical power using a composite energy scavenging structure. The proposed apparatus

Carbon trading is regarded as an important measure to reduce carbon emissions. To provide more accurate carbon prediction results for policymakers and market participants, a hybrid carbon price prediction model combines empirical mode decomposition, variational mode decomposition, and long short-term memory network is proposed. The empirical analysis was conducted based on the actual data of all eight

Asia as the largest continent which has the highest consumption of energy, so analyzing the impact of spillover and energy crisis is crucial for this region. In this article the volatility spillovers connections among crude oil, leading Asian oil-exporting and oil-importing countries’ stock exchanges are scrutinized. This study applies the VAR-DCC-GARCH model to examine the spillover network structure

Countries that supply the majority of their energy needs from fossil fuels are turning to new, renewable, and eco-friendly energy sources. Wind energy technology has been the most promising alternative to traditional energy systems. The aim of this case study was the selection of the best wind turbine for one of the leading companies in Turkey. First, the studies on wind turbines in the literature

Independent clearing of coupled retail electricity and natural gas markets generally results in a loss of market efficiency. This study investigates the problem of dynamic pricing in retail electricity and natural gas markets in the presence of network constraints by developing a two-leader multiple-follower bi-level model. Here, upper-level electricity and gas utility companies serve as leaders in

This paper discusses the performance, exhaust emissions and combustion of a diesel generator fueled with two different biodiesels, and their blends. In the experiments, animal fat biodiesel (AFB) obtained from beef bone marrow, vegetable oil biodiesel (VOB) derived from safflower/canola oil mixture, and ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) were used as pure. In addition, 50% by volume of AFB was mixed with

Accurate process simulation models of naphtha steam cracking are significant for improving product yields, reducing energy consumption, and process control. However, the complete mechanistic model for steam cracking of naphtha feedstock is not available in the literature. It is a challenging task to build large-scale detailed kinetic models of such complex mixtures. The application of automatic reaction

The condensation heat transfer of moist air plays an important role in industries and daily life. However, the presence of non-condensable gases makes it difficult for steam to condensate on a cooling surface. According to previous studies, a three-dimensional (3-D) finned tube and dropwise condensation can both increase the heat transfer performance. To increase the condensation heat transfer of moist

Thermochemical energy storage of CaO/CaCO3 system is a rapidly growing technology for application in concentrated solar power plant. In this work, the energy storage reactivity and attrition performance of the limestone during the energy storage cycles were investigated in a fluidized bed reactor. The effects of CO2 concentration, reaction temperature, fluidization velocity, particle size and number

A response surface analysis is performed on a cylindrical porous radiant burner with internal combustion regime, which is recently introduced. A structured grid is used to perform the simulations. First, the equations of continuity, momentum, turbulence, energy, radiation, mixture fraction and progress variable were solved with an appropriate accuracy. An excellent agreement was observed between the

Semi-transparent photovoltaic glazing (STPVG) façade is a promising curtain wall system, which not only has the function of traditional glazing façade but also can use solar energy to generate electricity. However, STPVG is often working under building shadow, and it will make power output loss for building. In this paper, the power performance of STPVG under the influence of building shadow is studied

In this paper, we study the charging and relocating problem for an electrical vehicle car-sharing (EVCS) system, aiming to dynamically match the user request, electrical load and vehicle supply at the lowest total cost of charging and lost sales. The scheduling problem is first formulated as a stochastic sequential decision program. To solve the strategy for an EVCS system with multiple city regions

Sun energy is widely utilized to power stand-alone photovoltaic systems (SAPV). However, the lack of long term hourly meteorological data and inaccurate methods result in obstacles in designing the SAPV system. Therefore, an optimal sizing methodology is necessary to guarantee satisfactory performance. In this study, a new mutation adaptive differential evolution (MADE) based on a multi-objective optimization

In this article, a multi-objective optimization-oriented energy management strategy is investigated for fuel cell hybrid vehicles on the basis of rule learning. The degradation of fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries are considered as the objective function and translated into the equivalent hydrogen consumption. The optimal fuel cell power sequence and state of charge trajectory, considered as the

Integration of a building mass with a phase change-energy storage material is able to improve its thermal efficiency. With this respect, pumice was evaluated as low-cost supporting material for development of energy-efficient composites containing capric acid (CA) and polyethylene glycol(PEG) as phase change material (PCM). The developed leak-proof composites was also incorporated separately with ordinary

Geothermal energy is going to play a key role in future smart energy systems. Geothermal-driven domestic energy systems, specifically, will largely contribute to the baseload supply of heating and cooling demand of societies. A low-temperature geothermal resource is considered to drive a domestic-scaled multi-generation system supplying power, heating, and cooling. The proposed cogeneration system

This paper proposes a bilevel multi-house energy management (MHEM) framework to coordinate the residential demand response (DR) of heterogeneous households based on many-criteria optimality. In the upper level, the loss of life (LOL) cost of transformers is formulated into the DR cost model, and a stochastic scheduling is implemented to determine the optimum amount of transformer load deferment and

Studies focusing on 100% renewable energy systems have emerged in recent years; however, existing studies tend to focus only on the power sector using exploratory approaches. This paper therefore undertakes a whole-system approach and explores optimal pathways towards 100% renewable energy by 2050. The analysis is carried out for Ireland, which currently has the highest share of variable renewable

In this research, the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) and the Input-Output (I–O) models were used to explore the determinants of coal consumption change during 1999–2018 in Pakistan. Some novel factors industrial structure, energy intensity (EI), economic scale, energy mix, and personified coal consumption were chosen and added to the LMDI and I–O models. The aim is to estimate the factors’ effects