A two-stage pyrolysis of wood was conducted to produce a phenol-rich bio-oil. The two-stage pyrolysis process included auger and fluidized bed reactors connected in series. In this study, the effects of temperatures of the auger and fluidized bed reactors and the type of fluidizing medium were mainly investigated. The auger reactor temperature was varied from room temperature to about 290 °C, whereas

This work numerically examines the quasi-steady spray combustion and soot development for soybean methyl ester (SME) and SME-ethanol blends (S90E10, S70E30). A validated reduced ethanol mechanism (37 species and 149 reactions) was formulated using a temperature sensitivity analysis under auto-ignition and jet-stirred reactor conditions. At initial pressures between 10.0 bar and 60.0 bar, initial temperatures

Due to the increasing amount of volatile energy in Europe's electricity system, the existing storage technologies and capacities are pushed to their limits. Therefore, new concepts like the sensible Fluidization Based Particle Thermal Energy Storage (FP-TES) can be a viable option. The FP-TES is working with bulk material as storage medium, which provides proven benefits like cost efficiency and low

Xinjiang province, China, contains abundant Manasi coal and Changji oil shale resources. While, Manasi coal is rich in AAEMs and Changji oil shale has low oil yield. Therefore, the co-pyrolysis technique of Manasi coal and CJR oil shale is adopted to achieve the purpose of increasing the pyrolysis oil and gas yields. The results revealed that oil and gas yields were improved during co-pyrolysis, and

A new approximate method of optimum heating cylindrical pressure elements weakened by openings was proposed. Optimum variations in fluid temperature when heating the pressure component were determined from the condition that the total circumferential stress at the edge of the opening, resulting from the thermal load and pressure is equal to the allowable stress. The allowable stress is determined from

The current work is an analysis of the recuperated Humphrey cycle. Three cycle topologies are studied with and without turbine cooling. The study focuses on the interconnection between combustor pressure gain and heat recuperation. It is an attempt to optimize the cycle topology and configuration to achieve the maximum possible cycle efficiency. It is found that the best option to use recuperation

Coke oven gas and Linz Donawitz gas are pollutive by-product gases generated from steel plants. The gases are currently combusted or released to atmosphere, but it can be economically utilized as chemical product. Thus, this study proposes improved methanol production process from the gases, by considering two different strategies: efficiency (Case 1) and productivity (Case 2). Both processes are rigorously

Received a plethora of attention by both practitioners and researchers, oil price forecasting remains a challenging issue due to the particular characteristics of oil price and its prodigious impact on various economic sectors. Motivated by this issue, the authors aim to introduce a robust hybrid model for reliable forecasting of Brent oil price. For this purpose, the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference

Natural gas supply in regionally interlinked but not perfectly integrated market might lead to high supply side concentration, which fails to achieve economic efficiency and requires market reform. This paper proposes an integration of multi-agent framework and mixed complementary model to outline the gas market-oriented reform schemes and examines the outcomes of gas upstream liberalization in China

This paper investigates the volatility spillover effects among different oil prices by examining a short-term rolling window, named the windowed volatility spillover effects, and its dynamic evolution process. Using nine international crude oil prices as sample data, we establish thousands of spillover networks evolving into each other, in which a network represents the structure of spillovers among

The application of the exergy approach to thermal comfort models is a modern tool for providing and evaluating the level of thermal comfort. The purpose of the paper is to apply exergy analysis to the “heat source - human - building envelope” system to reduce energy consumption and to identify the most influential factors. The regression models for determining comfortable indoor temperature taking

Advanced exergy analysis was carried out for absorption-compression refrigeration-cycles with a working fluid selection and parametric analysis. The exergy-destruction was split into endogenous-exogenous and avoidable-unavoidable-parts to reveal the interdependency within the components and determine the improvement potential. The results show that the largest exergy-destruction occurs in the generator

Angle of attack is the most important parameter to determine the aerodynamic behaviors of wind turbine blades. It is difficult to be measured in the field and also ever-changing due to the unsteady inflow condition and dynamic control responses. In this work, a prediction method on the uncertainty of angle of attack was proposed only with the conventional wind turbine SCADA data and validated by the

The sustainable developments of unmanned aerial vehicles in aviation industry show that the engine technologies including low altitude and power consumption in modern aircraft have been efficiently implemented. Otherwise, although electric motors are properly considered within this scope, they could not provide sufficient possible solution. However, recently, hybrid systems have been developed as related

For more than three decades, heat exchanger network (HEN) synthesis has been primarily addressed by defining initial structures that embed different design alternatives, and near optimal HEN configurations are extracted from these structures during the optimization process. However, such initial structures are prone to missing necessary design alternatives and may require simplifying assumptions to

Different thermal stability of three major components is a challenge to efficiently liquefy lignocellulosic biomass into bio-oil because the degradation products from holocellulose can react with lignin, resulting in repolymerization reactions. In this work, a biorefinery approach of co-generation of bioethanol and bio-oil from rice straw that integrated separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and

Thermoelectric generators are becoming a promising power source for wearable electronics and microtechnology. By creating energy from waste heat or a temperature gradient between dissimilar materials, thermoelectric generator provides an alternative to wired power that restricts movement and to batteries that challenge waste disposal. This study is an experimental evaluation of a flexible thermoelectric

Oil prices directly impact its global transportation operation, which is mainly served by ocean tankers. Significant financial risks are observed by tanker transporters, which are attributed to uncertainties rooted in the complex non-linear stochastic relationship of oil and freight prices. The non-linearities in both prices are due to multiple factors inducing unique price sub-cycles of different

The anaerobic digestion of food waste can not only enhance the treatment of organic wastes, but also contributes to renewable energy production and the recirculation of nutrients. These multiple benefits are among the main reasons for the expansion of biogas production from food waste in many countries. We present methodological insights and recommendations on assessing the environmental and economic

Recent developments in energy consumption ‘management’ have heightened the need for energy efficiency considerations in energy-intensive supply chains, according to the sustainable development framework. Therefore, policy-makers need to find out how they can improve these conditions, considering the resource limitations and energy requirements. According to these issues, we address a novel pricing

In this paper, the radiative sky cooler (RSC) and thermoelectric cooler (TEC) are integrated to form the RSC-TEC hybrid cooling system that can reduce the TEC required power consumption and increase the system's cooling capacity over a standalone RSC. Specifically, a feasibility study is conducted to evaluate the design and working conditions that allow this system to have superior performance; For

This study analyses the role that renewable energy based desalination, in conjunction with improvements in water use efficiency in the irrigation sector, can play towards securing future global water supplies. It is found that the global desalination demand by 2050 can be reduced by much as 30% and 60%, depending on the irrigation efficiency growth rate. India, China, USA, Pakistan and Iran account

Central receiver is a key part of concentrating solar power tower plants, as it is not only responsible for the highly effective absorption of incident energy from the heliostat field, but also for efficient energy conversion from light to heat. Its performance will directly affect the system efficiency and generating capacity of the whole plant. In this paper, a comprehensive model of molten salt

The flexibility of thermal power plants plays a critical role to accommodate high penetration of fluctuant renewable energy. Heat exchanger is the key device restricting the flexibility and energy efficiency of thermal power plants owing to its large thermal inertia. Therefore, evaluation of the additional entropy generation and transition time for the heat exchanger during transient processes is important

Combined steam/dry reforming of bio-oil with blast furnace slag as heat carrier for the syngas production with the H2/CO ratio of 3:1 for further methanation, was investigated. The increase of H2O addition can increase the total yield of H2 and CO, but also increase the critical temperature at which 3:1-H2/CO syngas was obtained, while the increase of CO2 addition can decrease the critical temperature

Energy storage competitiveness is ubiquitously associated with both its technical and economic performance. This work investigates such complex techno-economic interplay in the case of Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES), with the aim to address the following key aspects: (i) LAES optimal scheduling and how this is affected by LAES thermodynamic performance (ii) the effect of LAES sizing on its profitability

In recent years the electricity system has started to undergo significant changes. Three major developments are underpinning these changes: (i) the rapid digitalization of the energy system leading to smart grids and increasing flexibility in the system; (ii) the increasing electricity generation from variable renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar; and (iii) the continuing decentralization

In this study, the techno-economic, energy consumption (EC), and environmental performances of biomass-to-hydrogen (BTH) production with/without methane tri-reforming (MTR) from corn straw were studied. The techno-economic analysis includes an assessment of the energy efficiency, MTR operating conditions, total capital investment (TCI), production cost (PC), and payback period. The BTH energy efficiency

During the last decade, major changes have affected the electricity sector in Algeria. As consequence it recorded an important increase of electricity demand in energy and capacity under the mixt pressure of demography and socio-economic development, climate change, and the depletion of natural gas reserves which imposes new challenges in terms of renewable energies and demand side management. These

The results of previous researches clearly indicate that the main concern in applying double skin façades (DSF) is overheating of the cavity and increasing the cooling energy consumption in warm seasons. The present study intends to consider the excessive heat trapped between two skins of double glazed façades in hot arid climates as a driving force to reinforce the natural airflow across the floors

As one of the most promising renewable energy sources, the amount of solar photovoltaics has reached 104.1 GW in 2018. China not only has the natural advantages of abundant solar energy resources, but the photovoltaic industry under the government's support has also become the main driving force for global development. Facing the structural adjustment of solar photovoltaic parity online and the important

An effective vehicle integrated thermal management (VITM) system is critical for the safe and efficient operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) vehicles. The objectives of this paper are to model the VITM system and develop control strategies for the VITM system of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). To do that, the VITM system model, based on the heating principle of each key component and

In energy intensive industries, organic Rankine cycles (ORC) can significantly increase energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions by converting low- and medium-temperature residual heat to electricity. However, fluctuations in residual heat availability can negatively affect the operation of an ORC unit. By integrating intermediate thermal energy storage (TES) these fluctuations can be mitigated

Power-to-methanol processes with co-electrolysis in solid-oxide electrolyzer provides a promising approach to deal with two problems: large-scale renewable electricity storage and carbon capture and utilization. In this paper, a large-scale power-to-methanol system with solid-oxide electrolyzer co-electrolysis technology is studied. System-level heat integration and techno-economic assessment are conducted

Off-grid solar/diesel systems have been widely utilized in remote and rural settings. Some of the main challenges for solar-diesel energies are determining the appropriate capacity and location in rural areas. Therefore, an efficient framework is needed for using off-grid solar/diesel systems. For the optimal sizing and location of off-grid photovoltaic (PV)-diesel schemes in rural areas, a new framework

This paper proposes a stochastic framework to augment the integration of variable renewable energy sources (VRESs) in power system scheduling. In this way, the fast-response capability of gas-fired generator units (GFGUs) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capability of electric vehicles (EVs) can play important roles in large-scale integration of VRESs. However, the growth of GFGUs utilization can increase

This paper compares two main technologies of solar to electrical energy conversion, namely solar tower (ST) and photovoltaic (PV). For a fair comparison, a 100 MW same sized ST and PV plants are designed for a region with very good direct normal irradiance (DNI) and global horizontal irradiance (GHI). The initial design of the ST plant is optimized for solar multiple and thermal energy storage hours

This paper focused on the intake and exhaust structure optimization of a single-screw expander (SSE) by using numerical method. The effects of internal volume ratio, the shape and clearance height of the intake port and exhaust area were numerically analyzed (R123 and HFO-1336mzz(Z) were selected as working fluids) to reduce the energy losses (more than 30%) caused by pressure loss and leakage in intake

Gasification technology is known to be useful for recovering energy from organic waste and biomass, and the obtained gas can be used as fuel for gas turbines, engines, and fuel cells. However, gasification gas includes tar that can damages equipment, so it is necessary to clean the gas before using it. This study entailed analyzing the cracking and CO2-steam reforming conversion of toluene, as a model

West Africa holds some of the lowest electrification rates in sub-Saharan Africa with high disparities among countries and between urban and rural areas. Despite long-standing efforts to scale-up electrification levels, overall progress remains slow and highly cost ineffective. Hence, it is crucial that electricity planning processes primarily address the questions of the complementarity between utility-scale

Weighted total harmonic distortion (WTHD) is an important performance merit, representing either current or voltage quality of voltage source inverters. Unlike general (non-weighted) THD, which can be evaluated using a closed-form analytic time-domain expression, WTHD is typically calculated using approximate frequency-domain numerical approaches. The paper reveals a novel analytic WTHD expression

This paper proposes a novel methodology for redesigning a micro-grid characterized by a heavy reliance on diesel generators due to receiving power supply from an unreliable grid. The new design aims at phasing out the diesel generators and replacing them with a hybrid energy system composed of photovoltaics and a battery storage system. Two optimization approaches are adopted, a heuristic genetic algorithm

Renewable energy use is critical for achieving climate change goals. It is essential to understand necessary to the priority, capacity, and number of units of renewable energy systems for generation planning. Multi-criteria analysis methods serve as an effective tool for planning renewable energy generation. In this work, a two-stage multi-criteria analysis method was developed to identify the priority

A novel combined cooling and power (CCP) system utilizing liquefied natural gas (LNG) cryogenic energy and low-temperature waste heat was presented. The proposed system consists of two subsystems, absorption refrigeration/power cycle (ARP) subsystem and LNG refrigeration/power cycle (LRP) subsystem. The Rankine cycle and absorption refrigeration cycle were connected in series to form the ARP and they

The novelty of the work is the development and research of a new highly accelerated capillary-porous cooling system for elements of gas turbine units, operating in the field of mass and capillary forces. Original models were created and a mechanism for the heat and mass transfer process in a capillary-porous cooling system was developed. First, equations were obtained for calculating the limiting heat

Gravitational water vortex turbine (GWVT) is one of the emerging micro-hydro power plants because it requires less expertise, low head and reduced setup space for installation. A detailed performance evaluation of the GWVT based on turbine performance curves is yet to be explored. With the help of mathematical expressions along with the experimentation, the present study presents different performance

Electric power systems are moving toward smarter and more sustainable systems. These trends result in several positive advantages such as active participation of customers in electricity markets. However, resulting demand side flexibilities cause high demand fluctuations and increase the difficulty to maintain the power balance and reliability of smart grids. To address this challenge, this paper proposes

Although hybrid electric buses (HEB) has fixed route condition, there are differences upon daily driving conditions affected by traffic, weather and so on. Thus, the rule-based strategy is difficult to get the best energy-saving result under this circumstance. To improve strategy adaptability and optimality, the paper presents a hierarchical optimization control strategy based on driving information

To study the effect of plasma O3 on the combustion-supporting process for a coaxial jet combustor, large eddy simulation (LES)-partially stirred reactor (PaSR) simulation of a methane/air turbulent diffusion combustion was carried out based on OpenFOAM open-source software platform. The prediction of the turbulent diffusion flame was verified, and the results are in good agreement with the experiment

Sludge obtained from the biological wastewater treatment facility of a chemical plant was pyrolyzed for reuse via microwave heating in the temperature range of 400–800 °C. Higher temperature reduces the yield of residues and enhances the gas production. The pyrolysis process produced 16–24 dry-wt.% of oil, which the heat value ranged from 7600 to 8300 kcal kg−1. Apart from As, Cd and Mo, merely a small

In a hydrogen-based DC microgrid (MG), the integration of hydrogen subsystem increases the system complexity and flexibility. Effective power split, bus voltage stability and reliable operation become significant control issues of hydrogen-based DC MG. This paper proposes a simple and effective decentralized energy management strategy based on a mode-triggered droop scheme for an islanded PV/hydrogen/battery

The energy industry has a significant influence over the sustainability of the economies from job creation to resource efficiency and the environment. This study's purpose is to examine the causal dynamics between energy (renewable and non-renewable) on GDP taking into account the role R&D expenditure, representing technological progress, plays in each and how South Africa differs from other emerging

When supercritical carbon dioxide (S–CO2) Brayton cycle is introduced into conventional coal-fired power plant, there exists the problems in S–CO2 boiler configurations due to the working medium physical properties’ change. This paper is taking a typical 1000 MW single reheat double-tangential circular boiler as example and investigations focus on the key issues of S–CO2 power plant with traditional

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) offer several advantages that are accelerating the research and development effort. Recent advances include improved materials, new fabrication techniques and new designs, flow configurations and applications. Nevertheless, several factors are holding back large scale implementation of fuel cells, especially in distributed energy generation, a major one being their

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and exergy analysis are conducted to investigate the impact of secondary flow produced by V-ribs on the overall performance of a triangular solar air heater (SAH) duct. For a fixed relative rib pitch (Rp = 10) and relative rib height (Rh = 0.05), the effect of rib inclination (α) is studied using CFD technique for varying Reynolds number (5000 ≤ Re ≤ 20000). Based

Effects of the pipe bundles number and position on the deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) are investigated systematically for the first time in CH4–2H2–3O2 mixture. Four pressure transducers (PCB102B06) are used to obtain the average velocity by recording the time-of-arrival of the combustion wave. Meanwhile, the soot foil is employed to register the detonation cellular patterns. The results

This study proposes an innovative methanol production process from landfill gas (LFG) through direct CO2 hydrogenation and methane (CH4) reforming. The integration of two methanol production routes from CO2 and CH4 enables the full upcycling of carbon sources in the LFG into methanol, as compared to conventional processes that utilize only CH4 as a carbon source. The optimal process configurations

Rotating detonation engine can be integrated with gas turbines to realize a high-performance power unit. We propose a novel method of non-intrusive vibration sensing for rotating detonation mode recognition. The conventional method is intrusive and exposes the pressure sensor to the high-temperature and high-pressure detonation wave, which limits the sensor life. In the proposed method, the vibration