In terms of heat energy, woody biomass is not as effective as fossil fuels owing to its hydrophilic characteristics and low calorific value. These disadvantages can be overcome through torrefaction, a low-temperature pyrolysis method that can increase the energy density of woody biomass by increasing its carbon content ratio. However, it is difficult to increase the calorific value within a short processing

The present study aims to develop a mathematical model for hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) by incorporating heat transfer rate, reaction kinetics, and the porous structure of the biomass for the first time using various modules of COMSOL Multiphysics software. HTC experiments on pine wood particles using a batch reactor were performed to calibrate the model. Operating parameters such as temperature

Ethyl pentanoate (EPE) or ethyl valerate is considered a surrogate for biodiesel fuels and a potential fuel for spark ignition engines. Knowledge of its combustion chemistry is of great importance for the development of high-performance and environmentally friendly combustion devices fuelled with biofuels. In this work, a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism for the combustion of EPE is developed on

Several researchers have demonstrated that plasmonic nanofluids based filters can potentially enhance hybrid solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems performance. In this work, we report a facile process for achieving silica-coated silver (Ag) nanoparticles using dimethylamine (DMA) as a basic solvent to induce tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) hydrolysis. Then, the prepared [email protected]2 nanoparticles

Boiling heat transfer has drawn continuous attention owing to its wide range of applications in the energy fields. In the boiling process, heat transfer coefficient (HTC) enhancement is needed for better energy conversion efficiency, and the critical heat flux (CHF) enhancement is needed to avoid boiling crises. With the advancement of nanotechnology, nanoscale surface modifications and nanofluids

Serious challenges such as rapid growth in population, environmental pollution, and possibility of energy shortage have motivated researchers for designing optimal energy operation strategies through the concept of smart city. Buildings and electric transport systems, especially subway systems and Plug in Electric Vehicles (PEVs), are among the major energy consumption systems in a smart city. In this

The current study aims to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine fueled by Ricinus communis biodiesel (RCME20), diesel (80%), and their blends with strontium-zinc oxide ([email protected]) nanoparticle additives. The [email protected] nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous precipitation of zinc acetate dehydrate and

The optimal design of microgrids with thermal energy system requires optimization techniques that can provide investment and scheduling of the technology portfolio involved. In the modeling of such systems with seasonal storage capability, the two main challenges include the low temporal resolution of available data and the non-linear cost versus capacity relationship of solar thermal and heat storage

Solar air heater is a simple and convenient technology to utilize solar thermal energy. In this paper, an optimization study was carried out for a micro-heat pipe arrays-based solar air heater, aiming to derive the optimal operation conditions and geometrical parameters of the solar air heater. A 3-D CFD model was developed based on the physical heat transfer processes in the solar air heater and validated

Using nano-enhanced phase change materials is a widespread passive method to improve the melting performance, and also the storage capacity of the thermal energy storage units. In this study, the effects of CuO nanoparticles (0≤ϕ≤1.5%) and new proposed stair fins on the efficiency improvement of latent heat thermal energy storage units are investigated. The stair fins are arranged in both upward and

Long distance power transmission is commonly considered as an option for reducing carbon footprint in future electricity systems. Accordingly, this article presents economic insights in a transcontinental power interconnection linking four Asian countries with Europe. Enhanced electricity trade through the interconnected countries is assessed via techno-economic modelling. For this purpose two electricity

Evaluation of actual zero energy buildings (ZEBs) performance and identification of its regional characteristics are of great significance for similar future projects. Based on more than 400 cases in cold regions, this study compared the post-evaluation and drivers of ZEBs from China, the US and the European Union (EU). Results found that ZEB definition, energy drivers, standard, regional policies

Complex factors can affect carbon dioxide (CO2) geological storage efficiency and capacity. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) conceptual model of the Shiqianfeng formation in the Ordos basin was established (a total of 16 sets of schemes) to study the influence of injection temperature on CO2 storage efficiency and migration safety in the sloping formation with a fault. In addition, storage capacity

This paper proposes two-stage stochastic models to enable wind power producers (WPPs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) to participate in simultaneous day-ahead energy, spinning reserve, and frequency regulation markets. Unlike previous works, which focused on the WPP benefits, this paper investigates the participation risk and economic profits for both the WPP and the ESS in various operation strategies

The hybridization between renewable energy and fossil energy in energy supply system is a feasible solution to reduce the fossil energy consumption and CO2 emission. The hybrid CCHP systems that can include gas turbine (GT), absorption unit (ABS), ground source heat pump (GSHP), photovoltaic panels (PV), solar thermal collectors (ST), photovoltaic thermal solar collectors (PVT), battery, water storage

The present work is dedicated to the experimental analysis on the influence of fuel borne additives on ternary fuel blend operated in a single cylinder DI diesel engine. Alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles were chosen as fuel additives at dosing levels of 10ppm, 20ppm and 30ppm respectively and the ternary fuel (TF) is prepared by blending 70% diesel, 20%Jatropha biodiesel and 10% ethanol. Performance characteristics

This article presents a general modelling framework dedicated to the short-term planning of energy systems, which supports the fast prototyping of optimization models. Due to the need for its applicability to practical problem instances, the methodology is based on a generic Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation. In addition, a specific graphical formalism called Extended Resource Task

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the conventional power plant, the role of renewable energy-based hybrid systems is essential. These hybrid systems require a proficient energy management system for efficiently managing the energy from different energy sources to maintain the load-supply power balance. This is vital to save energy, diminish energy costs and attain global emission targets. This

A low-temperature heat pump sludge drying system was constructed and experimentally studied in the present study. The initial and final moisture contents on dry basis of sludge are 1.53 and 0.2, and the drying duration is 5 h. Theoretical models for heat pump circulation and moist air circulation are established and validated with the experimental results. Based on the validated theoretical models

Use of phase change materials (PCMs) in building envelopes has potential to improve the energy performance of buildings. Even though Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) tools have been widely applied to rank PCMs for various applications, the following issues still need more elaboration: a) How to account for the climate-related factors in the ranking of PCMs? b) How can the environmental footprint

The paper presents a methodology of assessing performance of thermoelectric harvesters (TEH) operating at low temperature gradients using manufacturer datasheet only. Simplified and full TEH models with temperature-independent parameters are established with the former developed in the form of a two-terminal equivalent circuit, typical for renewable energy generators. Normalized expression is derived

This paper aims to maximize the performance of a U-type Oscillating Water Column power plant integrated into a breakwater to be built in Roccella Jonica, Mediterranean Sea, Italy. In this location, both prevalent mild waves and less frequent highly energetic sea states occur. The main challenge is to select a Power Take-Off (PTO) system able to operate with high-efficiency in this wave climate without

Energy is a vital component of every stage of the crop production process. Therefore, ensuring its efficient use confers tremendous environmental benefits over time. This paper aims to assess the energy use efficiency (EUE) and cost-benefits analysis of four different rice cultivation methods in Central Myanmar from a sustainability standpoint. The cultivation methods analysed include two alternative

This literature presents an integrative approach using an extended Kaya identity-based LMDI decomposition analysis (Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index) with a two-stage data envelope analysis (DEA) to identify causes for changes in energy consumption and CO2 emissions and to evaluate environmental and economic efficiency. An LMDI can express the corresponding contributions between inputs and outputs by

This paper aims to develop a rural energy system design framework and analyzes the techno-economic feasibility of potential hybrid energy systems (HES) for rural electrification of a village in district Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. At first, a comprehensive resource assessment is carried out. Subsequently, system size optimization and techno-economic viability is conducted using a standard software

Shale barrier distributes widely in heavy oil reservoirs. However, the influence mechanism of shale barrier on heavy oil recovery is still unclear. For this reason, the influence mechanism in physics was first proposed for the heavy oil recovery, considering shale barriers. Then, the influence mechanism in mechanics was concluded from the steam migration velocity decreasing and the heat conduction

Reducing CO2 emissions from fossil fuel fired power plants has been a major environmental concern over the last decade. Amongst various carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, the utilization of solvent-based post-combustion capture (PCC), played a major role in the reduction of CO2 emissions. This paper illustrates the development of machine learning models to predict the outputs of the (PCC)

It is a well-documented phenomenon that coal combustion is a significant cause of air pollution, while few documents have revealed the process. Based on the panel dataset covering 30 Chinese provinces (excluding Tibet) in China during the period 2000–2012, this study investigates the actual contribution of centralized and scattered coal consumption to PM2.5 concentrations through a panel cointegration

The refrigerant R32 has been receiving significant attention as an alternative to R410A used in heat pumps, owing to its lower global warming potential. The two-phase injection (TPI) technique is introduced to achieve improved energy performance along with high system reliability in R32 heat pumps, owing to their high discharge temperature. The objectives of this study are to compare the performances

In this study, a hythane (a blend of methane and hydrogen) based combined cycle integrated with gasification and landfill subsystems is proposed to provide electricity and heat for buildings. The system is analyzed for the various wastes and evaluated in terms of energy, exergy and the environmental impact. The parametric studies are conducted for the ambient temperature and fractions of hydrogen in

This paper proposes a real-time predictive energy management strategy (PEMS) of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles for coordination control of fuel economy and battery lifetime, including velocity predictor, state-of-charge (SOC) reference generator, and online optimization. In velocity predictor, the radial basis function neural network algorithm is adopted to accurately estimate the future drive velocity

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based power generation system with cascade configuration has been analyzed using the exergy-based analysis method. A cascade system has double SOFC stacks, where the unreacted fuel released from the primary SOFC stack is re-utilized in the secondary stack, generating additional power and maximizing fuel-use in the system. For comparison and evaluation, a simple SOFC system

This paper provides the modeling and control of stator active and reactive power for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) under wind turbine systems using a variable structure control theory called Sliding Mode Control (SMC). The classical sliding mode method achieves undesirable chattering effect, which can damage the system. For this, it is relevant to use the second-order sliding mode algorithms

In the new process of CaC2 production, C–Ca pellets need to be pyrolysed in a prepyrolysis furnace before being placed in a CaC2 furnace. In this paper, the factors influencing the performance of composite pellets in a pyrolysis furnace are studied experimentally. A comprehensive performance-evaluation system is established to calculate and evaluate composite pellets comprising five raw materials.

-- With the rapid development of the energy internet, integrated energy system (IES) has become a topic of interest in the field of energy research. In light of energy interconnection system containing multiple communities, this paper proposes a hierarchically partitioned coordinated operation method for distributed integrated energy system (DIES) based on a master-slave game. First, based on the concept

Two hydrofoils with a tandem spatial configuration can share the same flow window. The wake vortex interaction and blockage effect have noticeable impacts on the response of two hydrofoils for a semi-passive system. In this study, the responses of two oscillating hydrofoils with a tandem arrangement are examined using a numerical approach. The results indicate that the downstream hydrofoil has an inferior

The existing literatures have not systematically studied and reached a consensus on the relationship between labor costs and energy intensity. This study introduces the mediation model to solve the theoretical disputes, and proposes three mediating effects of labor costs on energy intensity, i.e., substitution effect, industrial structure effect, and total factor productivity effect. The bootstrap

Adopting the uniform temperature for thermal-electrochemical model is not suitable to simulate the large size battery which has big temperature difference between internal and surface. Furthermore, heavy computational burden of coupling model hinders the control-oriented onboard applications. Therefore, considering the compensation with spatial temperature, a control-oriented thermal-electrochemical

This paper examines (i) energy policies and plans and their foci on addressing gender-energy needs for productive uses, (ii) the fuels utilised by men and women for productive use at the rural non-farm economy (RNFE), and (iii) the factors that influence their choice for the fuels as well as response of energy policies to gender energy needs. Using the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality as a case, primary data

While real-time control of process plays an important role, it is now increasingly necessary to forecast and plan production systems in order to be energy efficient and to ensure a balance between energy demand and production. In this context, a short-term planning approach of energy supply chain is presented in this paper. Because of the presence of enthalpy balance in the optimization model, the

The objective of this paper is to analyse the main drivers of households’ acceptance of renewable energy sources and to assess their willingness to pay for extension of renewable energy sources in the electricity balance of a European Union Member State – Lithuania. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey. The contingent valuation method was applied. The study revealed that most of the

Energy management is always facing a trade-off among the constrains of efficiency, energy consumption and CO2 capture rate. For example, the Rectisol wash is a promising and efficient purification process for acid gas removal. However, this process has the problems of high cold energy consumption and low CO2 capture rate. To solve the problems, this paper proposed an improved integrated Rectisol (Int-Rectisol)

This paper uses quantile regression to demonstrate how electricity price distributions are linked to fundamental supply and demand variables. It investigates the California electricity market (zone SP15) for selected trading hours using data from January 8, 2013 to September 24, 2016. The approach quantifies a non-linear relationship between the fundamentals and electricity prices, just as predicted

Solving the problem of continuous and stable power supply for the water leakage monitoring equipment is challenging in water supply system. Due to the excess water pressure existing in the water supply pipes, the hydropower inside the pipes becomes an effective renewable energy for supplying power to water leakage monitoring equipment. In this paper, a vertical drag-type runner is integrated into the

A hybrid renewable energy system for combined heat and power production has been developed and evaluated. The integration is achieved by feeding the heat harvested from sunlight by parabolic trough collectors into the steam cycle of a biomass-fired cogeneration plant. Under the cogeneration mode or power generation mode, the obtained solar heat is exploited to drive the absorption heat pump for providing

The accommodation of high-penetration renewable power poses a considerable challenge to power grids. Coal-fired combined heat and power (CHP) stations are forced to enhance their operational flexibility by applying heat-power decoupling technologies. Power-to-heat devices, including electric boilers and heat pumps, are capable to enhance the operational flexibility of coal-fired CHP stations. The problem

A constant CO2 emissions factor in energy mix models is often used when trying to show the CO2 emissions reduction benefit in deploying a large amount of renewable power on the grid. This approach is flawed due to its inability to capture the impact of cycling operations on the emissions characteristics of various coal fired power plants (CFPPs). This can be improved by incorporating a model that predicts

The automotive industry remains one of the most significant contributors to total global emissions worldwide. This growing challenge is primarily attributed to the high dependency on fossil fuel as its primary source of energy. This review highlights the current state of the application of fuel cells in the automotive industry, as well as the technological advances made in comparison to the early years

This paper examines the capability of meeting the simultaneous electricity and thermal load demand of an off-grid community with different configurations of hybrid system. The studied configurations include the solar photovoltaic, wind turbine, Micro Gas Turbine (MGT) and Li-ion battery. The model considers the utilisation of the excess energy, recovered waste heat, and different power management strategies

During the high water-cut period, water plugging treatment is a commonly selected development strategy to reduce the production decline rate. However, determination of the appropriate water-cut to implement water plugging is rarely studied and therefore it is often decided based on the experience of reservoir engineers, which could result in potential oil production loss and ineffective water plugging

The power generation of wind turbines varies depending on external environmental conditions. To present universal correlations between conditions that affect wind speed and wind turbine power, this study analyzed the effects of three atmospheric factors—atmospheric stability, turbulence intensity (TI), and wind shear exponent (WSE)—on the power performance and annual energy production (AEP) of wind

A supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) Brayton cycle has a compact and simple layout, which suggests the possibility to serve as a small scale distributed power conversion system. Off-design behaviors of each component determine the system off-design performance in the S-CO2 power cycle. Among components, compressor performances have the largest impact on the system off-design analysis since it operates nearest

The issue of thermal runaway (TR) of Li-ion batteries is a topic of serious concern in electric vehicles and energy storage systems. In this paper, the feature of battery TR, including self-accelerating decomposition temperature, voltage variation, temperature rise, and composition transformation, were comprehensively investigated under various states of charge (SOC). Li-ion batteries with five degrees