The pseudo-two-dimensional (P2D) electrochemical model can give insight into the internal behavior of lithium-ion batteries, which is of great significance for intelligent battery management. However, the computational complexity of the P2D model greatly limits its onboard application. This paper devotes to develop a reduced-order electrochemical model (ROEM) with high fidelity yet low computational

In this study, co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) of sewage sludge (SS) and lignocellulosic biomass was conducted at 220 °C for 1 h, and transformation behaviour of heavy metals during co-HTC, along with fuel properties, were investigated. The results showed that the majority of Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn was still accumulated in hydrochar during individual HTC of SS. The addition of lignocellulosic biomass

A new numerical simulator was developed from the widely used CH4 hydrate simulator TOUGH + HYDRATE to realize the simulation of hydrate exploitation by CO2/N2–CH4 replacement. Focusing on actual hydrate reservoir, CO2/N2 injection combined with depressurization in a practical continuous injection-production mode was applied for gas production. The influence of feed gas composition and injection pressure

An improved recompression S-CO2 cycle for coal-fired power plant is proposed in order to improve boiler thermal efficiency, increase cycle exergy efficiency, and resolve issues of regulating the working fluid temperature of the boiler rapidly and effectively. The models for energy and exergy analyses are built. Systematic comparisons between the improved S-CO2 cycle system and the original S-CO2 cycle

To understand the relationship between green building energy performance and regional commercial estates, this study analysed Australia’s Commercial Building Disclosure (CBD) program database. This database discloses the annual energy use intensity (EUI) and the corresponding energy rating (1–6 stars) of 2,460 National Australian Built Environment Rating System (NABERS) certified office buildings.

The evolution mechanism and energy conversion of volatile in low-rank coal with pyrolysis temperatures still remain uncertain. The experimental results on gas products and light tar pyrolyzed from Shenfu coal at various pyrolysis temperatures reflect the complex correlation between volatiles and coal structure affected by temperatures. Thermodynamic competitive evolution towards CO from oxygen-containing

This paper investigates how consumers’ price sensitivity affects their support for renewable energy, from the perspective of the probability they are willing to pay a premium for the electricity generated from renewable energy (i.e., green electricity) and the amount of premium they are willing to pay for each unit of green electricity. We first construct a brief theoretical framework linking the premium

The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth has deservedly received much attention in the literature due to its significance to sustainable development, particularly in countries such as China with rapid economic growth. However, few studies have explored the spatial heterogeneous nature of this relationship within countries where there are spatial variations in terms the level

Better mass transfer, more uniform temperature distribution, small pressure drop, and improved electrochemical performance can be achieved by designing better flow field in PEM fuel cells. In this paper, based on the concept of a sinusoidal rib, two kinds of discontinuous ribs: S-shaped rib and crescent rib, are proposed and introduced into the flow channels of a PEM fuel cell. Results show that the

Accurate and reliable solar radiation forecasting is of great significance for the management and utilization of solar energy. This study proposes a deep learning model based on Bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), sine cosine algorithm (SCA) and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) for solar radiation forecasting. Firstly, the CEEMDAN is applied to

The electrification of the road transport sector is seen as a necessary component to the urban decarbonization. A scenario analysis of electric cars deployment is developed by employing the Long-range Energy Alternative Planning platform to build a bottom-up model to evaluate the contribution to the energy transition in the long term. The difference with similar models available in the literature is

The aim of this study is to improve the management of different types of wastes using an anaerobic digestion process and CH4 production from the semi-continuous co-digestion of multi-substrates of fallen leaves (FL), grass (GR) and primary sludge (PS). As a first step, the co-digestion of FL, GR and PS was carried out using the BMP test based on C/N ratios. The results showed that the best CH4 production

The paper intends to overcome the difficulties associated with conventional PIV test techniques in measuring the flow fields near curved surfaces. So the paper combines the visual steady flow test and the CFD simulation method, to help observe the law of particle distribution near the cylinder wall directly, and reveal the law of steady/transient flow field movement and airflow evolution. The results

With the widespread use of electric vehicles (EVs), the design of a highly quality and efficient battery charger has become an important research topic. In this study, an efficient AC-DC power factor corrected (PFC) boost converter with active snubber cell (ASC) is proposed for the battery charger. ASC integrated into the AC-DC PFC boost converter turns on the main switch with zero voltage transition

This paper defines the diverging interests of multiple actors in typically achieving and advancing energy efficiency. Gaps in the literature include the short elaboration of energy efficiency factors and conditions and the lack of information about developed and developing countries and thorough consideration of their specific features, impeding the development and implementation of detailed energy

Global attention on fuel efficiency, reduced emissions and the ability to operate with a wide range of fuels having low calorific values, continues to drive research and development in the field of porous medium combustion (PMC). PMC is a modern technology where combustion occurs within voids of the solid porous matrix. Researchers worldwide have developed PMC technology for various applications: from

A more efficient use of China’s coal resources is key to rapidly promoting the growth of the country’s industrializing economy. As such, it is essential that an effective approach for measuring and evaluating the current efficiency of coal resources is developed. This paper measures the efficiency of coal resources in 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2015 using an improved DEA model of Bootstrap

Cryogenic Energy Storage (CES) system is currently gaining significant attention in the field of large-scale energy storage systems. This is because this system can provide high energy-density during storage and uses air or nitrogen that are available at no or a low cost. Moreover, the technology has matured and can be used on-site in a decoupled manner. The CES system has three sub-processes, namely

The technology of alumina-extraction from coal ash provides an effective way for re-utilization of coal based solid waste as resource. However, one of the most serious challenges that this technology face is the harmless treatment of alumina-extracted residue (AR). Considering the structure and properties of AR, a scheme was proposed to make the AR as a potential sorbent for CO2, and in order to achieve

The long-term power planning at the regional level has recently gained significance due to the economic and efficiency competitiveness of a decentralized energy system. In Pakistan, the power sector faces the challenge of exceptionally increasing electricity demand in metropolitan areas and the urgency of reliable power access in rural areas. In this paper, a regional power-generation system of GB

As the first prerequisite to carve out the increased exploration of the wind power generation and developments, accurate wind power prediction is sufficiently reliable to eliminate the dilemma caused by its intrinsic irregularity, intermittence and non-stationary. Therefore, the paper proposes the hybrid model composed of secondary decomposition, preliminary forecasting and error analysis, which can

The concept of small- or medium-scale CAES using salt domes at a depth shallower than 500 m and in the capacity of 10–100 MW was recently suggested to address a burden associated with geologic exploration and high investment cost. In this study, we employed an analytical approach to calculate the hoop and radial stresses at the crown and sidewall of the storage cavity under the given cavity depth (h)

For shell-and-tube type latent heat storage devices, heat transfer rate reduces with time due to the increasement of ineffective heat transfer area. To solve this problem, a latent heat storage device, which is made of ‘replaceable multi-stage’ phase change plates (PCPs), is proposed in this paper. When one PCP has no heating ability, it is replaced by a new PCP. Effects of the ‘replaceable multi-stage’

The design of cathode catalyst layers (CCLs) is essential for enhanced charge transfer and mass transport of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, CCLs are designed to constitute the three sub-layers with different polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) loadings for each sub-layer. The improper addition of PTFE in the different CCL positions can increase the gas-liquid phase’s mass transfer

The components and structural characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the overlying water were studied using various spectroscopy in Beiyun River. The relationship between the DOM composition and water quality was discussed. The result declared that the overall pollution of the Beiyun River was serious, and that the DOM content of the overlying water was between 9.60 and 28.70 mg/L. The

In this paper, an effective rolling decomposition-ensemble model is proposed for quarterly gasoline consumption forecasting in China. In this model, three steps, data decomposition, component prediction and ensemble output, are involved. In the data decomposition, wavelet decomposition and ensemble empirical mode decomposition are used due to few assumptions and excellent performance. In the component

The cost reduction resulting from energy efficiency initiatives may induce behavioural changes, which may undermine the energy savings effort embedded in the initiative (referred to as rebound effects). We develop a novel empirical method for illustrating contributions to the direct rebound for cases where the energy efficiency of the equipment is unobservable. Our focus is on substitution and scale

This study analyzed the building energy performance of apartment buildings using retrofit systems with phase change materials (PCMs). The apartment type, building orientation, and height are considered to evaluate the implementation of an innovative PCM system. The building models selected were a flat-type apartment and tower-type apartment. According to the results, building orientation, height floor

The distributed controllable loads (DCLs) are employed to achieve energy management for hybrid renewable energy-based multi-area power systems (HREPSs). The DCLs are suggested as a cheaper solution instead of the expensive energy storage systems. Due to the nonlinearity, high variability and uncertain nature of HREPSs based on DCLs, the need for an artificial intelligence-based nonlinear energy management

Potassium formate, the potassium salt of formic acid, is an inexpensive, non-corrosive, non-toxic, and bio-degradable desiccant that has not been considered thus far in atmospheric water harvesting applications.ster is proposed that utilizes an aqueous solution of potassium formate as the medium for moisture absorption during the night when the ambient relative humidity is high, and desorption of absorbed

Renewable energy is being rapidly developed and extensively utilized, which are commonly interfaced to the microgrids through the inverters. Therefore, the proper and fast extraction of the synchronous phases, frequency and amplitudes of the sequence voltages have brought major requirements under unbalanced and distorted microgrid voltage. In this regard, this paper presents a novel adaptive frequency

It is globally agreed that electrification of the transportation fleet will be a significant step in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study assesses the impact of replacing internal combustion engine bus with electric bus fleets in African countries. The assessment includes the impact of solar charging of an electric bus fleet. Emission factors based on the energy mix in the various African

This paper presents a sizing method with sensitivity analysis for battery-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) to minimize vehicle-lifetime costs. An optimization framework is proposed to solve joint energy management-sizing optimization. Sensitivity analysis is performed using eight parameters of the vehicle, HESS system and components as sensitive factors. We explain why HESS sizing

Conventional PV/T systems generally focus on maximizing electricity generation by PV modules only, and they do not balance the generation of electricity and heat for buildings. To match the varying energy demand of buildings, a flexible management method of novel PV/T systems with spectrum regulation was investigated by a 2D-Monte Carlo method. To maximize both electricity and heat generation, 40 nm

District cooling systems (DCSs) belonging to multi-energy systems can be managed by model predictive controls (MPCs) designed to reduce the amount of electrical energy collected from the grid for backup cooling systems when there is a temporal mismatch between energy demand and availability. In this paper, a DCS recovering cold thermal energy from a liquid-to-compressed natural gas fuel station is

The aim of this research is to forecast seasonal fluctuations in electricity consumption, and electricity usage efficiency of industrial sectors and identify the impacts of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For this purpose, a new seasonal grey prediction model (AWBO-DGGM(1,1)) is proposed: it combines buffer operators and the DGGM(1,1) model. Based on the quarterly data of the industrial

Increased investiture towards Distribution Generation (DG) in recent past had prompted for transmutation of existing networks to form microgrids that can operate autonomously or in conjunction with main-grid. In particular, the augmenting zeal for renewable DGs is thriving at recent times; but non-dispatchability and uncertain nature pose specific challenges, which is the primary concern in this work

Transition metal oxide materials have attracted the attention of researchers due to their advantages, but their development is hindered by structural instability, a small specific surface area and low electrical conductivity.1,2 Porous carbon materials are often used in combination with transition metal oxide materials since they can produce a synergistic effect3. However, the interfacial properties

This paper presents a new expansion planning model of integrated electricity and gas networks with the high penetration of renewable energy resources, using a multi-objective mixed integer linear programming approach. The proposed method concludes the generation and transmission expansion planning of electricity network and natural gas network expansion planning. Since the outage of natural gas-fired

The design of flow field has a great influence on the mass transfer and performance of PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell) and lots of research works focus on this area. In this paper, 3D PEMFC models with a single straight channel are established to investigate the effect of blockages on mass transfer and performance. The influence of cross section shapes of blockages and dimensionless blockage

Proper energy storage system design is important for performance improvements in solar power shared building communities. Existing studies have developed various design methods for sizing the distributed batteries and shared batteries. For sizing the distributed batteries, most of the design methods are based on single building energy mismatch, but they neglect the potentials of energy sharing in reducing

This paper proposes a new method to optimize the scheduling of off-grid systems composed of solar panels, batteries, and diesel generators in real time. The approach takes into account the load and irradiance forecasted values for the near future to determine the optimal power generation and the operation of the different energy sources which achieve the lowest cost while fulfilling the provided constraints

Vehicles powered by proton exchange membrane fuel cell have received lots of attention due to various merits. A comprehensive proton exchange membrane fuel cell power system with parallel-arranged heat recovery strategy for reactants preheating is proposed and investigated. Thermodynamic model of the system is established and is validated rigorously. In order to minimize system total exergy destruction

A novel stochastic multi-area unit commitment (MAUC) framework is proposed to coordinate scheduling of generators and tie lines. In consideration of the randomness and volatility characteristics of wind energy, a worst-case based scenario selection method (SSM) based on the peak and valley shaving of the system, the ramping-up/down rates of net load, and the dispersion of uncertainty factors is presented

Better understanding the carbon market can instruct further reforms to perfect its functionality, market efficiency is a key indicator to uncover its current performance. Previous studies have revealed foregone carbon market efficiency; however, given the dynamics of market, it merits the significance to track the up-to-date status. This paper specifically studies the Hubei pilot carbon market, which

Thick thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have a significant potential to increase thermal efficiency by reducing heat transfer losses. However, in conventional combustion modes, the drawbacks associated with charge heating and higher propensity to knock have outweighed the efficiency benefits. Since the advanced low-temperature combustion (LTC) concepts are fundamentally different from the conventional

We here present and analyze a novel conceptual design of 550 MW-level, syngas-fueled intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)/Air Turbine (AT) hybrid system with an oxy-fuel combustion. To decouple the operation of SOFC and AT and allow independent operation of each, an intermediate heat exchanger is implemented between SOFC and AT cycles to transfer only heat from SOFC to AT. To facilitate

Optimal injection timing and gas mixture proportion have great influence on CO2 geological sequestration and improvement of recovery. The refined Thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling model including an improved permeability model was first validated by matching with historical data, and then applied to the simulation of gas mixture enhanced coalbed methane recovery (GM-ECBM). Results show that higher

Despite the numerous studies on the nexus between energy consumption and macroeconomic indicators in the United States (U.S.), this study still finds some notable gaps. Hence, it contributes to the literature in a number of ways. First, it comparatively examines the response of the manufacturing performance of the U.S. to sectoral energy consumption unlike existing studies that have largely been on

Previous studies indicate that the US equity market implied volatility index (VIX) impacts the crude oil market volatility. However, the VIX typically reflects macroeconomic fluctuations, little affected by social media or investor perception changes. In this paper, we use recently introduced news-based equity market volatility (EMV) trackers to examine their impacts on crude oil volatility in its