To achieve a low carbon dioxide (CO2) energy future the fossil fuel industry must pivot to make zero-emissions hydrogen through an open, global collaboration. One track to this is ‘pyrolysis’ in which natural gas is split into ‘white’ hydrogen and carbon black. This avoids the need for a massive roll-out of carbon capture and storage sites as envisaged in natural gas reforming or ‘blue’ hydrogen schemes

Pulsating heat pipes have shown great potential in the field of engineering applications, such as the cooling of microelectronic devices. The correlation between the flow characteristics and the thermal performance of the heat pipe still needs to be further explored. In this paper, the operation state and flow patterns inside pulsating heat pipes with two inner diameters of 1 and 2 mm are experimentally

Biodiesel limitations such as poor cold-flow properties and oxidation stability limit its usage in diesel engines. Partial hydrogenation is reported to be one of the ways to improve these limitations. Partial hydrogenation of biodiesel made from cottonseed and soyabean oil was studied. Before and after hydrogenation, the fatty acid methyl ester contents of cottonseed and soyabean biodiesel were detected

This paper proposes a control method for eliminating direct current (DC) flux from the isolation transformer of a customer service device to avoid magnetic saturation. The method is characterised by injecting zero compensation voltage during a designed time. The period during which no compensation voltage is injected is minimised by adjusting the normal compensation time in the initial stage. For a

To adapt to the characteristics of new energy long-distance transmission, this paper proposes a scheme of multi-fed voltage source converter grid connection and line-commutated converter transmission for a regional large energy base. First, the feasibility of this multi-infeed direct current (DC) transmission scheme is discussed. Then, the performance characteristics of the multi-infeed DC and other

This paper presents plasma technology for pulverised-coal ignition and improving energy efficiency of power stations. Plasma–fuel systems (PFS) were developed to accomplish this technology. PFS are a combination of pulverised-coal burners with arc plasmatrons. The main idea of the technology using PFS is to replace the traditionally used fuel oil for flame stabilisation and starting coal-fired boilers

Creating models that provide incentives for utilities is a challenging regulatory task. The purpose of this study is to conduct the analysis of different regulation methods that regulators implement to ensure the development of the energy market. The study considers the following main regulation methods: social regulation, rate-of-return regulation, retail price index minus X (RPI − X) regulation,

Oil and gas mixed transportation is an important technology in oil and gas production. Multiphase fluid is transported from the wellhead to the floating platform through a riser system. Based on computational fluid dynamics, a numerical model of multiphase flow in a deepwater riser by considering hydrate phase transformation and sand production was established, which was then solved by the finite-difference

Operation simulation models are developed for monthly and daily time steps for computing the hydroelectric energy and its financial benefits in an economic life by three different operation policies: steady-rate, three-shift and pumped-storage rules. The pump is operated during the night and consumes low-cost energy. The resulting computer programs, three on monthly and three on daily steps, are applied

Municipal solid waste has great energy potential as a renewable energy resource, which can be recovered by different waste-to-energy facilities. This study investigates the effective waste-to-energy options towards sustainable solid waste management in Pyongyang, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Three waste-to-energy options were investigated in terms of the energy potential and efficiency

With the rapid development of wind power, various problems have emerged gradually in the operation and maintenance of wind farms. Most wind farms remain at the level of breakdown maintenance; it is difficult to provide a good solution, relying on traditional operation and maintenance. This paper proposes the substitution of foreseen prediction, technical supervision and preventive maintenance for traditional

Transportation has become the world's second-largest energy-consuming sector, yet existing works mainly focus on the macro perspective and the causal relationships with social–economic–environment dimensions, leaving a significant knowledge gap at the household or individual level. Studying household-scale transport energy structure research is of great significance for exploring the driving mechanism

Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are widely acknowledged as the major greenhouse gases. Theoretically speaking, the mixture of methane and carbon dioxide would reform into gas fuels like hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) under certain treatment conditions. However, the traditional conversion of methane and carbon dioxide requires a high temperature, which can cause carbon deposition and

This research study reviews life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of solar water-heating systems (SWHS) and provides a complete overview of its progress. Several research papers have confirmed the advantages of SWHS in energy saving and environmental protection, but the reported system performances varied greatly, due to climate, raw materials and the systematic design. The environmental impacts are mainly

In this paper, vehicle emissions are predicted by a combination of a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) model and an emission model based on Vito's on-the-road emission and energy measurement (VOEM) systems. By analysing four primary pollutants (namely, carbon dioxide (CO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), the trend in the variation

Biomass energy is an important energy source in Turkey. In particular, it is the major source of energy in rural Turkey. Biomass energy is used to meet a variety of energy needs, including heating homes and workplaces, generating electricity, fuelling motor vehicles and heating processes for industrial production. Biomass energy sources include forest production, and animal and plant wastes. Because

In recent years, biodiesel has been proving to be a remarkable alternative for petro-diesel. In this research study, an effort has been made to improve the yield of biodiesel by using a synthesised novel deep eutectic solvent (DES). The synthesised DES of different composition was checked for its superiority for biodiesel production using sesame oil. Experiments were conducted with different parameters

Packed beds are the most commonly used storage systems in solar thermal power plant. Most of the experimental studies carried out in this field use air as heat-transfer fluid (HTF). Therefore, an experimental study on packed-bed storage system using water and oil as HTFs is conducted in this paper to observe the behaviour of storage tanks with different HTFs. Concrete spheres of 6 cm diameter were

The vast majority of water on the Earth's surface, over 96%, is saline water present in the oceans. In some areas there is not sufficient fresh water to provide people the water they need. Thus, there is a need to desalinate salt water. The basin-type solar still is known to be the most simple and economic method for water desalination. This study investigates how to enhance the productivity of the

Gradually, the temperature of the earth is increasing due to global warming, which has increased the operational energy demand in buildings. This energy usage can substantially be reduced using energy-efficient measures such as developing a thermally resistant building envelope. The building envelope mainly consists of walls, roof and floor, where walls play an important role in heat transfer that

Generating energy by means of renewable sources is a vital strategy for all the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Photovoltaic (PV) systems in the GCC have been a primary choice among renewable sources due to regional weather and high levels of irradiance. However, unfavourable environmental factors such as high temperatures, soiling and dust have been a concern for PV performance. Offshore

In this paper, the effect of the number of blades on the optimal energy utilisation efficiency for a modified Savonius rotor with rotor diameter of 4 m is investigated by computational fluid dynamics simulation using a uniform test method. The appropriate computational domain of a numerical model is determined by first analysing the relative error of the outlet wind velocity on the outflow boundary

A large interdisciplinary consortium of engineers, social scientists and policy analysts has developed three low-emissions, more-electric transition pathways for the UK. The approach is based on earlier work on understanding transitions, applying a multi-level perspective with landscape, regime and niche levels to the development of socio-technical scenarios. The pathways to 2050 focus on the power

A large interdisciplinary consortium of engineers, social scientists and policy analysts has developed three low-emissions, more-electric transition pathways for the UK. The approach is based on earlier work on understanding transitions, applying a multi-level perspective with landscape, regime and niche levels to the development of socio-technical scenarios. The pathways to 2050 focus on the power

Chernobyl – History of a Tragedy

The residential sector holds significant potential for improvements in energy efficiency in Ireland. Retrofit activity, however, can be difficult to instigate despite the presence of government incentives and cost-effective investment opportunities. The failure of individuals and organisations to invest in cost-effective energy efficiency measures is often referred to as ‘the energy efficiency gap’

Thermochemical heat-storage materials such as magnesium, zinc and iron sulfates offer high energy-storage densities and a reliable means of long-term storage of solar energy. In this research study, the dynamic properties of these three salts were investigated based on their hydration and dehydration characteristics. To investigate the effect of regeneration temperatures on the physio-chemical properties

Considering the importance of energy for social and economic development, access to clean, affordable and reliable energy has been adopted as one of the United Nations sustainable development goals that all countries aim to achieve by 2030. However, much of the world's energy is still produced from fossil fuels and thus the progress towards clean and renewable energy is slow. This paper explores the

Located in between the Flores and Adonara islands, Larantuka Strait has one of the strongest tidal currents in Indonesia. A bridge 810 m long is planned to be constructed across the strait to connect the islands. The Palmerah Tidal Bridge project, commenced in 2019, is planned to be the first combined tidal energy/bridge project worldwide. By combining the installation of turbines with bridge construction