5G technology rollout has already begun across the world in non-standalone format alongside LTE (Long-Term Evolution) Macro structures. LTE has proven to be unsustainable in the long run. 5G electronic architecture is characterized by fewer transmissions in an always-on mode unlike LTE, where the sleep time is less than 1ms and thus LTE has a small proportion of fast activation components that are

This article proposes a robust delay dependent stability analysis of pitch control system of large wind turbines (LWTs) having communication time delay with fractional order PID controller. Fractional order proportional integral and derivative (FOPID) controller is used for pitch angle control. To analyze gain and phase margins effect, a gain and phase margins (GPMs) tester is added to the control

Increasing the implementation of distributed generation and introducing multi-carrier energy systems highlight the need for energy hub systems. The energy hub is a new idea implemented in multi-carrier energy systems, sending, receiving, and storing different energy types. Therefore, the present paper proposes an improved energy hub consisting of different types of renewable energy-based DG units considering

The constant pursuit for emerging renewable power sources has led to the development of floating solar photovoltaics (FSPV). FSPVs operate on water bodies and hence its performance is different from the land-based counterparts. Degradation and aging of PV modules severely affects the reliability and the life of PV power plants. Owners and other beneficiaries are concerned about the actual degradation

In this paper, a low cost wind turbine emulator (WTE) is designed and implemented. The aim is accurately simulating the nonlinear behaviors and characteristics of a real wind turbine. It is well known that each wind turbine has its own power coefficient characteristic. This work contains an analysis of the WTE by considering the main power coefficient models known in literature. Speed sensor is one

Distribution systems have to withstand against natural calamities in such a way that self-healing (SH) persists even during blackout with multiple line faults in the system. Owing to limited power generation from distributed energy resources (DERs), the real challenge behind SH algorithm (SHA) is to restore maximum priority loads (PLs) while satisfying vital network operational constraints besides

Smart residences that could optimally integrate the actions of all their components are essential in the smart grid architecture. This paper proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model of a single residence that optimally operates the residential appliances as well as manages the energy received from the Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) apart from the utility grid according to the day-head

The behavior of constant power loads is known to be a potential cause of instability in DC microgrids. This issue is addressed by the DC microgrid stabilizer proposed in this paper. It relies on active stabilization through power electronic control by introducing a virtual positive resistance to counteract the negative incremental resistance of a constant power load. Compared with physical damping

Integration of the electric vehicles (EVs) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology with renewable energy sources (RESs) is the hottest topics among researchers. Many studies have been done in this field, but in most of them, discussion of aspects of electrified transportation have been limited. The V2G system due to its structure and supporting role for the grid influences the power demand and supply

Security Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) is carried out by power system operators to determine the optimal participation of generating units to meet the load demand while satisfying units’ and systems’ constraints as well as the desired level of security. With technological advances in the realm of communications and development in the infrastructure, a proper environment for the active contribution

The Capacity Value Ratio (CVR), or the part of its capacity that a technology can supply during peak residual load hours, is an important concept in the context of future resource adequacy. Especially for distributed resources, this is still underexplored territory. In this research, we investigate the peak reduction potential on both the distribution and transmission system level for a community battery

Mobile power sources (MPSs) have great potentials to enhance the resilience of distribution system due to mobility and flexibility. However, because of incomplete and asynchronous data after a natural disaster, decisions may lead to under-utilization of MPS and weak recovery performance. This paper proposes a robust receding horizon recovery strategy that dispatches MPSs and forms multiple microgrids

Industrial electricity demand is growing rapidly, whereby, energy consumption modeling and optimization techniques in industries has attracted significant attention in recent years. In this paper, a new model of energy consumption in the production process of aluminum, steel and cement is presented in accordance with a linear piece-wise approximation (LPWA) method. The proposed model is subsequently

The needs for improving observability of medium and low voltage distribution networks has been significantly increased, in recent year. In this paper, we focus on practical approaches for placement of affordable Measurement Devices (MDs), which are providing three phases voltage, current, and power measurements with certain level of precision. The placement procedure is composed of a state-estimation

This paper proposes a frequency-based energy management scheme (FEMS) for islanded operation of a microgrid (MG). The proposed FEMS uses a hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), which is a combination of a battery ESS (BESS) and a Supercapacitor ESS (SESS). The BESS is used for continuously matching power generation and consumption, while SESS is used for fast dynamic power regulations like primary frequency

Making sustainability evaluation of public–private partnership (PPP) microgrid can not only produce a great impact on distributed generation but also be related to the planning and operation of distribution network. In consideration of the identification of key influence factors (KIFs) about the sustainability of PPP microgrid, information loss, and risk attitude of decision-makers (DMs), an integrated

Electric vehicle (EV) is essential to reduce the emission caused by conventional vehicle. Placement of electric vehicle charging station (EVCS) is crucial to fulfilling the charging demand at different locations maintaining the minimum negative impact on the power system network. In this article, placement of EVCS has been planned in a radial distribution network superimposed with a road network. The

Due to the increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the distribution grid, coordinated control of their charging is required to maintain a proper grid operation. Many EV charging strategies assume that the EV can charge at any rate up to a maximum value. Furthermore, many strategies use detailed predictions of uncertain data such as uncontrollable loads as input. However, in practice, charging

In this paper, an enhanced control strategy is presented for the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based variable speed wind turbine system, to maximize the energy extraction from the variable wind. The idea behind the additional energy capture is to enhance the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) by modifying the reference electrical torque. The proposed reference torque is derived from some unobservable

In this paper, we study the performance of various deep reinforcement learning algorithms to enhance the energy management system of a microgrid. We propose a novel microgrid model that consists of a wind turbine generator, an energy storage system, a set of thermostatically controlled loads, a set of price-responsive loads, and a connection to the main grid. The proposed energy management system is

Technological progress of distributed generation (DG) units, global approach to reduce the pollution emissions, and creating the opportunity for local investors to participate in the generation expansion investment, are some of the important reasons to involve the DG as an alternative option in the GEP. In this regard, expansion of the DG units compared to the expansion of centralized generation units

A demand response program for electric vehicles (EV) is proposed to control the charging decision process in EV clusters. This approach corresponds to a time-of-use solution which is an indirect method, based on prices, for inducing demand modifications on consumers. An aggregator of EV fleet acts as a dealer between an electricity market and consumers. The EV aggregator is a price-taker agent from

Water irrigation systems (WISs) are an important factor for agricultural development and food security. However, their energy supply is affected by several problems related to the use of diesel generators, especially in remote areas. This paper describes a new methodology used to design a cost-effective and sustainable solution to provide a water irrigation system with a demand of 40 kWh/day. A combined

The hydraulic transients are obvious during the operation and adjustment of large-scale district heating (DH) network. Hydraulic transient modeling and simulation methods can provide basis for efficient operation of the DH network. In this paper, two hydraulic transient models, the distributed parameter model (DPM) and lumped parameter model (LPM), were established for DH network. Efficient numerical

The Photovoltaic (PV) systems have arisen as one of the best alternatives to electrical power generation based on renewable sources. However, such systems lack on energy transformation efficiency that gets worse in weather changing conditions. Hence, the application of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods that can extract the maximum power even for varying weather conditions is an essential

In this paper, a dynamic planning approach is presented in order to determine the optimal number, location, capacity and time for construction or development of electric vehicles (EVs) parking lots in a distribution system. Estimating the power exchange between the EVs and parking lots is a fundamental prerequisite in parking lot planning. The amount of power exchanged depends on how EVs are charged

Information and communication technology (ICT) has been critical to the emergence of a new Internet-of-Things (IoT) era, as a rapidly increasing number and variety of IoT electronic devices in a wide range of end-use sectors require massive data communication in terms of volume, velocity/speed, and variety. Semiconductor technology advancements have played a key role in ICT and unlike the past ICT

Building-based active envelopes play an important role to reduce active heating supplies. Several techniques are developed to enhance the energy performances of active building envelopes; meanwhile, numerous numerical and mathematical models are also developed to conduct the performance analysis of these techniques. In this paper, we propose a state-space model for solar active wall-based Phase Change

The demand-supply balance of electricity systems is fundamentally linked to climate conditions. In light of this, the present study aims to model the effect of climate change on the European electricity system, specifically on its long-term reliability. A resource adequate power system – a system where electricity supply covers demand – is sensitive to generation capacity, demand patterns, and the

Due to the electricity market risks and lack of various purchasing options, electricity customers are reluctant to participate in the electricity market. On the other hand, due to the electricity grid conditions and the absence of enough information about customers’ preferences, most utilities do not differentiate electricity services at the customer level. To provide various service options, this

Locational marginal pricing (LMP) in a deregulated electricity market is a result of bidding competition from nodes (locations). This paper presents a deep learning neural network for the 24 h-ahead LMP forecasting of a specific node in a zone at the PJM power market using other zonal prices. The presented method uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which is a well-known architecture for deep

Fast primary regulation and synthetic inertia supply are two novel ancillary services for power system frequency control. Although general agreement about their definition is still missing, these services have started to be recognized and inserted into the grid codes of some transmission system operators, especially to handle isolated systems with large penetration of non-programmable renewable energy

This paper proposes a simulation-based method for assessing the collusion potential among Generating Companies (GENCOs) who participate in a wholesale electricity market. For this purpose, a game-theoretic framework is developed to model the strategic bidding behaviors of GENCOs in both non-cooperative and collusive oligopoly electricity markets. In a collusive oligopoly market, GENCOs may negotiate

It can be predicted that the future power system, especially microgrids (MGs) will consist of many different sources and storages. In this regard, many researches have been conducted on different energy management strategies to improve power system adequacy indices. This paper presents a hybrid stochastic/robust coordinated power management strategy (CPMS) to simultaneously improve the flexibility

The emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) use imposes new challenges considering the increasing in power demand which gives reflection for using renewable energies such as photovoltaic (PV) power. This paper proposes a novel energy management strategy (EMS) for a residential electric vehicle charging station (EVCS). This station consists of a PV power source connected to the grid with a suitable energy

This paper explores a revenue maximization problem for distributed energy resources in a local day-ahead and balancing market. The local market creates opportunities for competition among distributed energy resources, however it may also lead to exercising market power. In the day-ahead market, the strategic revenue maximization of the distributed energy resources is modelled through a bi-level optimization

With the increasing penetration of power electronic equipment for various day to day applications, several testing methods are also gaining attention. Power level emulation is a popular technique which is typically employed for mimicking the behaviour of a source or load in real-time. Most of the available literature deals with the power level emulation of balanced loads and sources. This paper presents

As electric vehicles surpassed the 5.1 million-vehicle threshold in 2018, charging stations are becoming a growing necessity to allow electric vehicles charging while parked away from home. In addition, by harnessing the inherent flexibility of the charging process, charging stations can also provide services to the grid, such as frequency and voltage regulation. However, given that full-charge using

Flexible energy consumption patterns represent a significant potential for end-users to reduce their energy costs due to the increasing price volatility in the electricity spot markets. However, a simple and exhaustive description of flexibilities is needed to efficiently coordinate multiple flexible components. In this paper, we propose a simple and complete method to describe the end-user flexibility

Electric vehicles are gradually finding their position as an alternative to fossil fuel vehicles. To accelerate the replacement process, a number of new infrastructural facilities such as charging stations (CS) have to be widely deployed. In order to encourage the private sector to invest in this area, it is necessary to introduce a combination of business and technical model for CS that comprises

This study proposes a new fault diagnosis algorithm for a photovoltaic (PV) solar system implemented on the bases of diode distribution and two classifiers based on ensemble bagged trees and neural pattern recognition techniques. The proposed approach is designed by adding two diodes connected to the upper and lower terminals of each PV string. The two diodes are connected to prevent the reverse direction

This paper proposes a day-ahead self-healing scheduling approach in isolated networked microgrid (NMG) systems. The proposed approach is based on a two-level flexible energy management system (EMS). The upper-level EMS is responsible for optimal scheduling of the normal-operated MGs, while the lower-level help the MGs for operating on-fault in self-healing and islanded modes. When a fault occurs in

One of the fundamental concerns in the operation of modern power systems is the assessment of their frequency stability in case of inertia-reduction induced by the large share of power electronic interfaced resources. Within this context, the paper proposes a framework that, by making use of linear models of the frequency response of different types of power plants, including also grid-forming and

Today, the microgrid is not a new concept, and its diverse benefits for the grid and also consumers have been proven. One of the effective ways to enhance penetration level of the microgrids is to improve economic affordability. This can be achieved by defining an optimal investment plan which has been studied for the several past decades. Previous researches have been proposed a model which used a

A combined delivery of frequency containment reserve (FCR) from a fleet of electric vehicles (EVs) and a large-scale heat pump is proposed to exploit synergies between the fast regulating batteries and the large heat storage capacity of the thermal system. The feasibility of the proposed strategy is assessed with a state of charge model for the EVs delivering FCR, based on one year of system frequency

Due to the high penetration of renewable energy systems (RES), power system requires more flexibility to respond to the fluctuation of variable renewable energy sources. A viable economic measure that can be used to achieve greater flexibility is using distributed energy resources (DERs) installed on the demand side. Electricity time-of-use (TOU) rates can be used as an incentive to encourage prosumers

In the present scenario of electricity market reactive-power-planning (RPP) is a very challenging and promising issue for the power system researchers. The main motive of RPP on a power network is to find out the optimal settings of controlling parameters like reactive power (var) generation of alternators, tap settings of transformer etc. with satisfying equality and inequality constraints. This article

New energy technologies like photovoltaics, electric vehicles, and heat pumps increasingly find their way to distribution networks. At the time the existing distribution networks were designed, only conventional loads were considered. The capacity of the (existing) distribution networks is therefore insufficient to handle the additional (bidirectional) peak load caused by these new technologies. The

The concept of Multi-Energy System (MES) has been identified as a succinct approach in minimizing the economic implications, reducing environmental hazards, and increasing the efficiency of an integrated energy infrastructure holistically. Nevertheless, whilst a great number of resources have been invested in achieving low carbon energy communities and energy infrastructure, limited research has been

Smart Grid (SG) or a modern electric grid system is becoming a priority for most developed countries. SG describes the integration of elements connected to the electric grid with an information infrastructure through intelligent communication systems to offer numerous benefits for both the provider and consumers of electricity. Thus, the conventional protection schemes have to be moderated for a reliable

In recent decades, galloping growth of distributed generation (DG), and its vital role from technical, financial, and environmental point of view, has made it more prominent that DG and its utilization need to be analyzed meticulously. Since most DG units’ output power is DC or is not in accordance with network frequency, they need to be connected to the network via power electronic interface. Therefore

Distributed Generation (DG), though offers many advantages in making modern power systems smart ones, unveils many technical problems in terms of its control and operation. Islanding is one such problem which represents the loss of grid condition during which DG continues to feed the load. Due to its harmful effects, islanding has to be differentially detected from other power system transients in

Local multi-energy systems (LMES) have been recently recognized as a promising alternative to centralized energy supply systems to meet local energy needs, since they promote efficient use of the available energy thanks to the coordination of heat and power technologies, storage, flexible demand and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). In this framework, PEVs represent loads to satisfy in the grid-to-vehicle

With the increasing influence of renewable resources and Electric Vehicles (EVs) on the distribution grids, one of the issues that may trouble the designers and beneficiaries of the systems is the contingent nature of the output power of these elements. In the present paper, it is attempted to determine the capacity and the candidate locations for installing the renewable resource, Fast Charging Stations

In view of the lack of effective energy station site optimization method in the existing integrated energy system (IES) planning, and the failure to consider the load characteristics in the division process of the energy supply area of energy stations, a collaborative planning method of energy stations and pipe networks considering the complementary load characteristics is proposed. Firstly, based

Integration of renewable energy resources introduces several uncertainties for planning of distribution networks, requiring the consideration of random variables. This paper proposes a chance-constrained distribution network planning to deal with the long-term uncertainties related to load power, wind power, and solar power using probability density functions under a pseudo-dynamic approach. The model

In this study, a new algorithm has been developed for online identification of line outage contingencies. The proposed algorithm is based on two novel parameters i.e., generator bus current deviation index (GBCDI) and line current distribution factor (LCDF). The proposed GBCDI is used to select the principal bus (PB), and therefore a line is selected named as principal line (PL), which is connected

This paper proposes a hybrid Energy Management Systems (EMS) architecture based on canonical coalition games for cooperative power exchange management of networked microgrids, interconnected with the main grid through a macro station. A central EMS and local EMSs perform three main processes: scheduling process, monitoring and rescheduling process, and benefits distribution process. A value function