With the rapid development and widespread application of information and communication technology, power system has gradually become a cyber physical power system (CPPS) in which the cyber space and physical space are deeply coupled. The continuous interaction between information flow and power flow renders power grid confronted with potential cyber attack risks. As a typical attack approach, false

For improving the transient control of power grids, an alternative fast acting feature is offered by the vast application of energy storage systems (ESS). However, Denial of Service (DoS) attacks can interfere with ESS, significantly hindering the performance of the transient control. In the present study, a framework of a non-zero sum difference game between a transient controller and a DoS attacker

In this study, a bi-level optimum bidding strategy is proposed in which a renewable energy portfolio manager (REPM), including electric vehicle parking lots (EVPLs) for imbalance mitigation, participates in the day-ahead (DA) market and balancing market (BM). In the upper-level problem, the total gain of REPM is maximized, while in the lower-level problem, the loss of each portfolio participant is

With the high penetration of renewable-type resources, the distributed energy storage unit (ESU) will be a key component against the stochastic and intermittent characteristics of the renewable energy resource in the DC microgrid. The vanadium redox battery (VRB) is a promising ESU for the islanded microgrid applications. Therefore, this paper presents a consensus-based distributed cooperative control

The frequency dynamics and stability of power systems is essentially affected by nature and characteristics of the disturbances occurring in the system. Conventionally, frequency transients are examined assuming a single disturbance applied at a given time. However, actual incidents in the power systems can be generally composed of a temporal sequence of events, and thus characterized by multiple power

Coordinated operation of Coupled Electric Power and District Heating Networks (CEPDHNs) brings advantages as e.g., the district heating networks can provide flexibility to the electric power network, and the entire system operation can be further decarbonized through heat pumps and electric boilers using electricity from renewable energy sources. Still, today CEPDHNs are often not operated in a coordinated

The paper presents a model-based control strategy for optimal asset management of hydroelectric units in run-of-river hydropower plants. The proposed control strategy aims to operate the unit at the best efficiency while improving water flow management and minimize components wear during frequency containment reserve provision. This approach is designed for a double regulated turbine (Kaplan) with

Increasing penetration of Renewable Energy (RE) based Microgrid (MG) introduces either beneficial or detrimental effects on power system stability. Uncertain condition of RE influences the dynamic behaviour of critical modes of power systems which potentially alter damping and increases the risk of oscillatory instability. On the other hand, it also reduces generator and transmission lines stress,

Solar photovoltaic installations have now become a common sight across the globe. However, in places with a high level of dust, the panels have not performed as expected. The dust deposition acts to reduce the effective light that the solar cells receive thus reducing the output. As such, cleaning regimes are instituted to improve the performance of the panels. The more often the cleaning, the better

In this paper, a robust optimization framework is proposed for solving the energy hub operation problem in the presence of renewable energy resources (RERs) and three electrical, cooling and thermal storage systems. The study hub is a real case study in a hospital building in Hamedan, Iran. All the input parameters are obtained from real data by connecting a dw-6095 Lutron power analyzer to the hub

With the advanced communication, computation, control and manufacturing technologies, electric vehicles have been extensively developed to improve the utilization of clean energy and reduce emissions. Despite the tremendous advantages, the rapidly growing of deploying electric vehicles will bring new insecurities, such as disorderly charging behaviors, which affect the stability of the smart grid.

As a result of continuous growth in population, efforts to meet increasing energy demand in a balanced way in the future as it is today, has led to the emergence of the sustainability concept. Sustainability is mainly considered with technical, economic, environmental and social aspects, hence the most effective instruments to ensure sustainability are renewable energy technologies which are interchangeably

By the year 2019, the number of people without access to electricity was 770 million, most of which lived in rural areas. The currently models for rural electrification are often limited in their electrical analysis, or focus on a idealistic optimal solution whilst ignoring the real hierarchical topology of power systems. This work proposes a rural electrification strategy that makes use of Geographic

This paper deals with the problem of power sharing in DC micro-grids in mesh topology with multiple active buses. We formally analyze the feedback loop composed by the micro-grid as a multi-agents process, the DC generation units as actuators, the distributed arbitrary loads as disturbances, and a linear consensus based control strategy, in order to characterize its performance in terms of secondary

The droop control method is widely used in DC microgrid due to its easy realization. However, the voltage deviation and current sharing accuracy caused by droop control cannot be ignored. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the droop control method, this paper proposes a new distributed secondary control scheme based on linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC). In the distributed secondary

With a capacity-based network tariff structure, consumers are encouraged to reduce their connection capacity to avoid higher costs. However, overloading beyond the administrative grid connection capacity limit would result in an increased connection capacity, thus prosumers have to pay the increased electricity bill for the rest of the year. Therefore, it is important to optimize the energy generation

This paper describes a novel modelling framework for security constrained optimal power flows (SCOPF) aimed at multi-terminal VSC-based AC/DC systems, where power rescheduling by power plants and converters is considered by means of voltage/power droop controls. The optimisation method is based on a linear programming model where generation cost curves and AC/DC power losses are included by piecewise

Three-phase fault and load encroachment are balanced phenomena. A load encroachment function is incorporated in distance relay to improve the security of protection scheme, confuses with three-phase fault during high reactive loading condition. Zone 3 malfunction during such a situation often causes cascade line tripping leading to wide-area disturbance. In this work, voltage phasors of selected buses

Net metering is a well-known mechanism, where only energy exchanges of prosumers with the grid are accounted for in settlements. What is less known is the subtleness of the metering practices of energy suppliers behind the reported energy values. This paper discusses the implications of applying different net metering methods on a prosumer’s energy exchanges with the grid, and subsequently the effect

Energy Internet (EI) is an important way to solve the problem of clean utilization and effective management of energy. The features of EI , such as distributed autonomy and fusion of electric power and information, make its underlying subnet – Energy Local Area Network (ELAN) face greater risks and challenges of multiple devices, heterogeneous standards and real-time interaction in operation. Therefore

The research and construction of microgrids provide the possibility of effective use of distributed energy resources (DERs), where electricity is generated and consumed locally. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy trading in microgrids helps to create a totally competitive and autonomous market and brings benefits to both the market participants and utility companies. A P2P energy trading model based on iterative

Quasi-static analysis of power systems can be performed by means of timeseries-based and probability density function-based models. In this paper, the effect of different load and generation modelling approaches on the quasi-static analysis of distribution networks is investigated. Different simplified load and distributed renewable energy sources generation timeseries-based models are considered as

This paper presents an online index for adaptive protection of microgrids concerning the low inertia concept. A three-step approach is developed to consider two offline and online environments, and the proposed scheme is designed. In Step-1, a comprehensive study of the microgrid dynamical model is investigated through two different distributed energy resources (DERs), including generator-based and

Natural disaster-prone locations can experience widespread power outages when the disasters cause large-scale damage to the existing power grid. Such damages can hinder a utility company’s ability to provide power to essential public resources (e.g., hospitals, grocery stores, fire, police and gas stations) of the utility’s serviced area. Backup generators, which provide power to these essential public

This paper presents a techno-economic strategy for reliability improvement and loss reduction in active distribution networks and microgrids including distributed generations (DGs). This approach is a theoretical method stand on the determination of locational marginal price in each bus including DGs. In this method, each DG is a player of game theory considering its effect on mitigated loss and enhanced

In industrial and commercial sectors, numerous countries had successfully implemented the dynamic pricing as a solution to the problem of high power demand in peak hours. But, an extensive use of real-time pricing in the residential electricity sector is hugely missing. In order to boost the efficiency of electricity market by demand response, real-time pricing needs to be implemented into residential

The concept of energy hub has been used recently to study multi-carrier energy systems. A model has been proposed in this paper for planning multi-hub energy system considering the competition between the hubs. The energy hubs are interconnected by a power grid. Hubs supply the demands for heat and electricity using various technologies and access to several energy carriers. To this aim, load zones

Microgrids provide a good platform to improve the efficiency of distribution networks. This platform, which is owned by the private sector, needs coordination with the distribution network owner in order to carry out its mission in the fields of operation and expansion planning. The distribution network expansion decisions are influenced by the expansion of microgrids. Therefore, the main issue that

Distribution networks are currently the main focus of modernization in electric power systems. For instance, to deal with emerging and increasingly challenging scenarios (e.g., high penetration of renewables, distributed generation, electric vehicle proliferation, etc.), new smart grid technologies are being deployed over distribution networks. This is the case of micro phasor measurement units (μPMUs)

A hybrid charging management system (HCMS) is proposed to solve the nodal under-voltage problem in medium-voltage radial distribution networks caused by the concentrated high-power charging of electric vehicles (EVs), which contains a pre-centralized charging management platform (PCMP) and local charging management controllers (LCMCs) located at fast charging stations (FCSs). The proposed PCMP can

The increasing penetration level of wind generation in power systems has resulted in the degradation of the system frequency response and stability issues, where the decrease of the system equivalent inertia is one of the main causes of these problems. In this context, this work proposes an operational and control approach to provide emulated inertial response to wind turbine generators based on fully

Demand aggregators are expected to have a key role in future electricity systems. More specifically, aggregators can facilitate the harnessing of consumers’ flexibility. This paper focuses on understanding the value of the aggregator in terms of aggregation of both flexibility and information. We consider the aggregation of flexibility as the ability to exercise a direct control over loads, while the

For economic reasons, consumer appliances and communication channels do not have high cyber-security. So, due to the consumer section’s vulnerability and the communication channel, the consumer section is a potential candidate for some cyber attackers. In this paper, the destructive impact of the false data injection attacks (FDIAs) on the demand response real-time pricing is investigated. Attacker

The practices fortheprocurement for the procurement of voltage control capability need changing because of the evolution of the power system driven by the penetration of renewable sources, low carbon policies, and decentralisation. New providers have to be involved. Therefore, new mechanisms to achieve cost-effective solutions have to be encouraged. To this aim, a cost-based incentive mechanism and

Recent cyberattacks on the U.S. power grid revealed how vulnerable smart grids are against cyberattacks. Consequently, it is critical to study cyberattacks that can lead to cascading failures in power systems and develop models to realistically emulate attack scenarios that can bypass existing bad data detection algorithms. In this paper, a mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to accurately

This paper presents an adaptive protection dual strategy based on Relay Agents distributed along strategic locations of a microgrid. The architecture is based on the application of Relay Agents and three additional agents named Selectivity, Configurator, and Coordinator, executed in a microgrid central controller. The multi-agent strategy is divided in two complementary approaches, named online and

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and other extreme weather events along with human sabotage attacks pose serious risks to critical infrastructures especially electrical energy systems. Hardening and operational actions are the measures to improve the resiliency of the power systems against extreme events. The long-term hardening actions strive to organize the reinforcement of power

For deterministic hydropower scheduling problems, the modeling plays a more crucial role than algorithms or methods in handling real-world industrial challenges that shift engineers face. This paper presents a hydropower scheduling model that prioritizes multiple objectives and takes into account constraints on the plant-based operating zones, day-ahead transactional energy, water level targets, as

Renewable energies have been discussed as the main efficient solution for solving many issues regarding climate change. Statistics said that the share of the building sector is very high in excessive use of fossil fuels. This study aimed to utilize the natural wind to create optimal natural ventilation to achieve thermal comfort of the indoor environment through the best layout and placement of residential

In grid-connected Distributed Generation (DG) systems, with high-penetrations of renewable and energy storage assets, the prediction of grid voltage and frequency plays an important role in enabling the power quality support, the stabilization and monitoring of distribution networks. In this paper, a method based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Deep Recurrent Neural Networks (DRNN) has been

Power systems with large shares of converter-interfaced renewables may be characterized by low grid inertia due to the lack of frequency containment provided by synchronous generators. Battery energy storage systems (BESSs), which can adjust their power output at much steeper ramping than conventional generation, are promising assets to restore suitable frequency regulation capacity levels. BESSs are

This article proposes an algorithm to obtain an optimal local solution for the network planning process related to the optimal integration of different renewable energy sources (RES) and different Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) into a distribution network (DN). The algorithm provides strategic information related to investment and operation costs regarding the type of technology, location, and

With the expansion of the microgrid systems (MGs) exploitation, the development of multi-microgrid systems (MMGs) is rising. Along with the benefits offered by a microgrid, the combination of several microgrids and their synergies in energy supply augments system stability and reliability and reduces energy costs and losses in transmission lines. With the connection of all microgrids together in an

This work proposes a new method based on the Hermite transform with the aim of identifying transient events in power transformers caused by energizations and current transformer (CT) saturation. The Hermite transform is a signal processing technique that allows the representation of signals in the time–frequency domain as well as at multiple resolution levels. Gaussian derivatives analyze the signals

Secondary microgrid voltage control is one of the most important parts of hierarchical control in islanded mode. By using of fuzzy and adaptive control methods, this paper presents a new method for secondary voltage control of islanded microgrid and also uses the rules of the backstepping method to obtain a control signal. The backstepping method has been used as a robust control technique to overcome

The integration of the fifth generation of mobile communications (5G) into the distribution network has the potential to empower Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) applications, thus further advancing the concept of Smart Grid (SG). This paper analyzes the compatibility of 5G-NR (New Radio) standard-recommended coding schemes: Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) and

In this paper, a new under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) scheme is proposed for multi-microgrid (MMG) application. MMG, consists of multiple micro-grids, perhaps with different owners, connected together. Multiple owners make load shedding policies more complex in MMG compared to the policies employed in micro-grids and large power systems. Accordingly, an appropriate UFLS scheme is required, in order

In a distribution system, load and distributed generation connected to a feeder are subject to uncertainty. Conventional capacitor placement and sizing methods do not consider uncertainty in power injections, due to which the results may be erroneous. In literature, affine arithmetic (AA) is one of the tools used for incorporating uncertainty in power system analysis. However, conventional division

A data-driven two-stage stochastic optimization model for solving short-term hydro-thermal-wind coordination scheduling problem with complicated time-coupled and space-related characteristics is proposed in this paper. The generation, emission and power fluctuation costs in the day-ahead scheduling stage and power regulation costs by hydro-thermal units, wind curtailment and load shedding costs in

Getting the specific energy consumption information of each appliance is an effective way to reduce energy wastage and improve energy efficiency. The non-intrusive load monitoring is a promising solution to achieve this goal. In terms of the event-based non-intrusive load monitoring, the load transient identification models have attracted great attention recently. In this study, a hybrid load transient

Identification of load in a grid is an essential part of the management of grid and security. In this study, a novel load identification model, a combination of a feature selection method and a classifier, is proposed. Firstly, the features to be used for identification are extracted from current and voltage signals. In this scope 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th harmonic currents, the angles of these signals

To analyze large sets of grid states, e.g. when evaluating the impact from the uncertainties of the renewable generation with probabilistic Monte Carlo simulation or in stationary time series simulation, large number of power flow calculations have to be performed. For the application in real-time grid operation, grid planning and in further cases when computational time is critical, a novel approach

A wide area damping controller (WADC) is designed in this paper to mitigate the frequency deviation of interconnected power system. The effect of time delay during wide area measurement system (WAMS) and saturation of the actuator is also considered in this work while designing the WADC. The effect of communication delay along with the saturation of a actuator can make the interconnected power system

Widespread application of residential photovoltaic (PV) systems and electric vehicles (EVs) has led the distribution system operators (DSOs) to face new technical challenges such as overloading and significant voltage variations, especially on low voltage (LV) grids. This adverse effect may be mitigated by employing the aggregators as intermediary actors to coordinate the operation at the distribution

A new cogeneration system model that integrates a concentrated photovoltaic cell (CPV) and a two-stage thermoelectric generator (TTEG) considering the Peltier, Seebeck and Thomson effects is proposed, where the CPV converts the inlet solar energy into electricity and heat, and the TTEG further harvests the heat for additional electricity production. Mathematical relation of the operating electric currents

This paper proposes a novel sequential optimization strategy (SOS) for optimal allocation of both active and reactive power among dispatchable distributed generator (DDG) units present in a droop controlled islanded AC microgrid. Active power is optimally dispatched based on the simultaneous satisfaction of an economic objective of total operational cost (TOC) minimization, along with an environmental

This paper proposes a new algorithm to a distributed constrained optimization problem with an undirected and connected network. The singular perturbation, dynamic average consensus, and saddle point dynamics methods are utilized to construct a dynamical system to seek global optimality. The theoretical guarantee on the optimality of the solutions is provided as it is proved that the constructed system

This paper investigates the short-run impact of the carbon tax imposition on the equilibrium of the wholesale oligopoly electricity market and the level of carbon emission. In this regard, a game-theoretic framework is devised to analyze the oligopolistic competition of the transmission-constrained generating units under a carbon tax. The independent system operator (ISO) utilizes a double-sided auction

Solving the power flow problem in a distributed fashion empowers different grid operators to compute the overall grid state without having to share grid models—this is a practical problem to which industry does not have off-the-shelf answers. We propose two physically consistent problem formulations (a feasibility and a least-squares formulation) amenable to two solution methods from distributed optimization: