Abstract The article considers the technological aspects of temperature estimation in an aluminum specimen with the possible formation of an aluminum-containing coating on its surface using the combined technology of cold gas dynamic deposition and microarc oxidation. The experimental results for the temperature flow distribution over the thickness of the metal surface under the cold gas dynamic deposition

Abstract The processes of ion transport are studied using the model of a single ion-exchanger particle. The MA-40 anion-exchange membrane is chosen as a model. The fundamental difference between the membrane model of the ion exchanger and the ion exchanger itself is that the electric potential inside the solid phase can be measured on the membrane due to a special design of the measuring device. This

Abstract— This work is devoted to the thermal treatment effect peculiarities on the electric and thermoelectric characteristics of silicon crystals doped with a phosphorus impurity using nuclear transmutation and (for comparison) common metallurgical methods. It was found that, to obtain optimal values of the thermoelectric figure of merit Za in n-Si crystals doped by the method of the nuclear transmutation

Abstract An experimental study has been carried out on the surface characteristics of hot-dip aluminized (HDA) C45 carbon steel. The coated specimens were also tested thrice by cycling heat between the ambient temperature and 700°C inside an electrical resistance furnace. Both the as-coated and the oxidized samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and elemental

Abstract A Rangoon creeper flower (RCF) extract was investigated as green inhibitor to mitigate corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. In the study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization techniques, and gravimetric methods were used. A significant reduction in the corrosion rate with increased concentrations of the RCF extract at varied temperatures was noted. The inhibition of

Abstract The mechanisms of electrification of various solids in contact or friction, as well as in the interaction of liquid media with conductive and dielectric materials, are described and analyzed. The output characteristics of nanogenerators based on the phenomenon of electrification of solids and liquids are considered. The design and the study results of an electrostatic nanogenerator based on

Abstract The inhibitory effect of a new derivative of the indazole family, namely, (Z)-2-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-indazol-4-yl)-3-(3-nitrophenyl) acrylonitrile (51K2) against corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl medium at a temperature of 25°C has been evaluated by different techniques such as gravimetric methods, potential-intensity curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The impact of the

Abstract Factors leading to size-dependent surface properties of electroplated coatings obtained by induced codeposition of iron group metals and tungsten are investigated. The size effect in microhardness described in earlier studies and the size effect in the corrosion resistance revealed in this work are shown to stem from a common origin, which is the formation of surface oxides. Removing surface

Abstract The effect of anodic boriding modes on the structure of the modified layer and the tribological characteristics of the treated titanium alloy has been studied. The structure, phase, and elemental compositions of the layer have been studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Surface roughness and microhardness distribution

Abstract In this study the wear properties of chromium deposit were improved by using the nickel electrodeposited middle layers. The nickel middle layers were formed by direct current (DC) and pulse current (PC) power supplies. The results showed that the surface morphology of a chromium layer in Ni/Cr coating (DC deposited) and Ni (duty cycle = 30%, frequency = 20 Hz, PC deposited) were compact, with

Abstract High transitional resistance at the joint between conductors may cause power losses and contribute to increased fire hazard on power facilities. This especially concerns aluminum conductors, because the interaction between aluminum and atmospheric oxygen gives rise to stubborn dielectric surface oxide film that considerably increases the transitional resistance. Use of oxidation inhibitors

Abstract Sargassum latifolium extract was used as new extract for the protection of Al dissolution using chemical and electrochemical methods. It was extracted, tested, and its high inhibition quality with addition of 1 × 10–2 M KI at 298 K for 300 ppm in 1M hydrochloric acid was recorded. The adsorption mechanism agreed with the Temkin isotherm from the weight loss procedure. From Tafel extrapolations

Abstract In this study, ZnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were used to modify a screen printed electrode. The modified electrode decreased the over-potential of vitamin C (70 mV) and prominently increased its oxidation peak current (3.3%). Under optimum conditions, the electrode provided a linear response based on the vitamin C concentrations between 0.5–500.0 μM, with a detection limit of 0.15 µM, by

Abstract The electrochemical behavior of cobalt and molybdenum oxides in molten carbamide at 135°C has been studied. The potentials and limiting discharge currents of cobalt and molybdenum have been determined by the cyclic voltammetry method. According to the results of the studies, an electrolysis mode for the formation of cobalt–molybdenum coatings has been selected.

Abstract This work deals mainly with the influence of nano titanium dioxide with addition of nano hydroxyapatite to get more adhesive coatings on 316L stainless steel by the electrophoretic deposition method. An adherent thin nano composite coating was obtained on a metal surface at 30 V and 2 minutes sintering at 700°C. The surface morphology and surface topography were characterized by X-ray diffraction

Abstract For the first time, a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor was fabricated based on a MoWS2 nanoparticles modified screen printed electrode (MoWS2/SPE) for the simultaneous determination of Sudan I and bisphenol A. The MoWS2 nanoparticles synthesized by a hydrothermal method were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray

Abstract This study reports the preparation and performance of a smart material—a carbon paste electrode combined with TiO2 semiconductor (CPE/TiO2) as electrochemical sensor for detecting profenofos—a toxic organophosphates group insecticide widely used in agriculture. Such techniques as real samples tests and electrochemical tests were used to investigate the following parameters: a scan rate, an

Abstract The effect that electromagnetic radiation in the millimeter range has on the motility of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells deposited onto a glass slide is investigated by decorrelation of dynamic speckles. Motility of biological cells that lack the natural ability to move is primarily due to Brownian motion. It is found that the motility of cells exposed to radiation in the frequency range

Abstract The aim of the present work was to evaluate the inhibition effect of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) on mild steel corrosion in 1.0 M HCl. Its antioxidant activity was also analyzed. The CEO characteristics were studied using a chromatography-flame ionization detector, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning

Abstract On the basis of the principle of the minimal energy dissipation rate in nonequilibrium processes, the characteristic sizes, charges, and values of the Rayleigh parameter of progeny droplets formed at realization of electrostatic instability of the parent drop suspended in a thunderstorm cloud under dynamic conditions of a superposition of aerodynamic, electrostatic, and gravitational fields

Abstract The technologies of a directed energy action proposed by the authors as a new research area were studied, and the results are presented in this paper. The tools for implementing these technologies are electrodynamic generators, which are capable of addressed energy delivery to the target points in the volume of raw materials, including the nanoscale ones. It is shown that some problems of

Abstract The use of different pore sizes (0.42–0.76 μm) in track membranes for the anodic and cathodic space separation upon the induced codeposition of Fe–W coatings from a citrate bath is described. This allows a twofold increase in the current efficiency without increasing the process’s power capacity as well as ensuring the constancy of the coating properties (microhardness) upon a lengthy electrolysis

Abstract The objective of the work is to introduce and establish the anticorrosion property of maltodextrin (MLD) on the alkaline corrosion of zinc in 0.1 M NaOH. The corrosion and inhibition studies were done by the weight loss method and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) measurements. Conditions were optimized to get the maximum inhibition efficiency by varying the concentration of the inhibitor

Abstract The influence of a weak magnetic field (induction 0.3 × 10–3 T) on the process of electrodeposition of a copper film as well as on the structure of its surface and the physical-mechanical properties is discussed. Electrochemical studies were performed using the potentiometric method. Surface morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Physical and mechanical properties were

Abstract Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) based solar cells, containing abundant elements, with Ag alloying have recently reached efficiency of 10.2%. The open circuit voltage in CZTSe devices is believed to be limited, in between other factors, by strong band tailing caused by an exceptionally high density of Cu/Zn antisites. By replacing Cu in CZTSe with Ag, whose covalent radius is 15% larger than that of Cu

Abstract The results regarding formation of ITO/c-Si junctions interface through the oxidation of the silicon wafer are described. Thus, the formation by this method of the thin layers with a thickness of about ~1 nm is demonstrated, which allows to obtain a photovoltaic conversion efficiency up to 15.3%. By depositing the luminescent layer on the front side of the ITO/c-Si junctions, which is active

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068375521020150

Abstract Extraction of cellulose from nonwoody plant materials by an electric discharge method is studied by taking flax fiber as an example. The possibility of adapting the electric discharge method, as a means to act on materials, to the problem of delignification of and extraction of cellulose from fibers of annual plants is addressed. The conditions in which an electric discharge in water is accompanied

Abstract The possibility of increasing the stability of the surface properties of polyethylene films treated in a high-frequency gas discharge plasma has been explored. It has been shown that, to weaken the effect of reversibility of surface properties, the plasma-treatment mode should meet two conditions: (1) the treatment time should not exceed the duration of the stage of formation of oxygen-containing

Abstract In the present paper, a screen printed electrode was modified with ZnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles and then used for an electrooxidation investigation of vitamin B6; in addition, its sensing was studied via differential pulse voltammetry. The current response in the case of vitamin B6 is considerably enhanced on the modified electrode in comparison with that on an unmodified screen printed

Abstract The obtained results allowed to reveal the inhibition properties of the essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare and to identify the major molecule—trans-anethole that enters into their composition. In this work, an isolated molecule of trans-anethole was tested in order to confirm its responsibility for a high inhibition efficiency and to study its adsorption mechanism. The inhibition efficiency

Abstract— It is shown that the instability of a liquid jet with respect to the external electrostatic field and relative to the presence of the external material medium with common phenomenological features differ by the threshold values of the field parameter and the Weber parameter at which these instabilities are realized for the first two values of the azimuthal mode. For the next, in the order

Abstract In this communication, the effect of potassium sodium tartrate as complexing agent on the composition, phase structure, surface morphology, and corrosion performance of electrodeposited nickel-tungsten alloy coatings is reported. The deposition conditions were optimized for the best performance of the coatings against corrosion. Ni–W coatings were developed at different current densities and

Abstract Rates of mass transfer during electropolishing of conical copper cavities were studied by measuring the limiting current of anodic dissolution of copper in phosphoric acid. Parameters studied were physical properties of the solution and dimensions of the cavity. It was found that cavity dissolution takes place through a turbulent flow mechanism. The rate of polishing was expressed in terms

Abstract The special features of thick combined electrospark coatings (СESC) formed on cylindrical 12Kh18N10T stainless steel samples are analyzed. The samples were carbonized with the help of combined electrospark alloying (CЕSA) using an Elitron-52A device and aluminized with the help of electrospark alloying (ESA) using an EIL-9 automated device at a discharge energy of Wd = 3.4 J. The coatings

Abstract Two imidazopyridine derivatives 6-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl) imidazo [1,2-a]pyridine (IPCl1) and 6-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbal-dehyde (IPCl2) were investigated as corrosion inhibitors of mild steel in 1.0M HCl medium using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The concentrations used in this work ranged between 1.0 × 10–6

Abstract— The pressure field in the limited-volume discharge chambers with rigid walls very often affects the efficiency of the technological processes, which is an urgent problem. As a result of the electric discharge in the liquid that fills the discharge chamber, a cavity is formed with a compressibility higher than the liquid in the chamber. This cavity is filled at the discharge stage with a nonideal

Abstract The paper reports the results of investigation of the pore growth during anodic etching of (111)-oriented wafers of Si-doped n-GaAs in an environmentally friendly NaCl based electrolyte, with switching the applied voltage from a high voltage to lower one and vice-versa. Switching of the applied voltage in the process of anodization was found to cause the formation of layered porous structures

Abstract Dependences of electron concentration, specific conductivity, and the Hall emf on the induction of an external magnetic field were obtained from Hall measurements of n-Si single crystals irradiated by electrons of 12 MeV energy and a flow of Ω = 1 × 1017 electron/cm2, coated with a layer of ED-20 epoxy resin. The composite layer was without fillers and with iron and aluminum powders as fillers

Abstract The diffraction patterns generated by surface relief diffraction structures that consisted of two identical crossed, superimposed gratings formed in the As2S3 thin films by electron beam recording and subsequent chemical etching were studied. The angle between the gratings with grating periods equal to 2 μm was varied between 2° and 90°. Additional diffraction gratings formed by a set of the

Abstract Polar ZnO single crystals were microstructured in a controlled fashion by electrochemical etching. Surfaces with pyramids and inversed pyramids on oxygen and zinc faces, respectively, were received. Photoluminescence spectra of bulk and anodized ZnO samples were investigated at room and low temperatures. Cathodoluminescence images were also recorded from areas with different structures. A

Abstract A hydroxy-substituted tetraphenylporphyrin was oxidatively electropolymerized from its solutions in ethanol by cyclic voltammetry. The electropolymerization process is investigated using cyclic voltammetry, absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The results of IR and electronic absorption spectroscopy studies show that, in deposition from ethanol, the polymerization

Abstract The deposition of Co–W(Mo)–Zr ternary alloys on a copper substrate from pyrophosphate–citrate electrolytes in a pulsed mode has been studied. The effect of temperature, electrolyte pH, and current density on the composition, surface morphology, and current efficiency of ternary electrolytic cobalt alloys with refractory metals has been studied. The resulting coatings have a crack-free uniformly

Abstract— The possibilities of the conductive and nonconductive composite plastics to be used for the complex profiled models made by the 3D prototyping in galvanoplastics are studied. A dissipating ability of the electrolyte by current and by metal using a Mohler slot cell was studied and applied, a visual study of samples was performed, and the weight and thickness of the metal deposited at different

Abstract— Under controlled electrical energy supply into the discharge channel of a high-voltage electrochemical explosion (HVECHE), the efficiency of exothermic reactions occurring in it was studied experimentally. The major factors that affect the efficiency of exothermic transformations in the discharge channel and that determine the HVECHE integral energy parameters in conditions of a controlled

Abstract—Physicochemical properties of aqueous solutions of a number of proton ionic liquids (electrical conductivity, dissociation parameters, pH, and concentration functions) are determined using specially designed equipment and the techniques of computer resistometry. The correlations between the physicochemical properties of water–organic mixtures and a possible structure of the organic phase are

Abstract In this present work, the theoretical study of the synthesis of methyl 2-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl) benzoate and ethyl 2-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl) benzoate, using the Gaussian 09 based on the hybrid density functional theory method (DFT/B3LYP/6-311G (d, p)) was done. From the obtained results, an economical method for the synthesis of these compounds with a high yield was elaborated

Abstract A pulsed galvanostatic anodic dissolution of chromium−nickel steels (types Kh18N10 (Cr18Ni10) and KhN35VT (CrNi35WT)) under the conditions of electrochemical machining is studied in chloride, nitrate, and mixed chloride−nitrate electrolytes at current densities up to 100 A/cm2. In all the considered solutions (except for the dissolution of CrNi35WT in chloride solutions), for relative pulse

Abstract Silver is electroplated on the surface of connectors as a protective barrier layer in order to improve the corrosion resistance and to increase the durability of the connector. In this work, silver-graphene films were electrodeposited on copper–zinc alloy substrates from a succinimide silver-plating system in Hull-cell alkaline solutions by the addition of 0.4 g L–1 graphene oxide. The crystallographic

Abstract The purification of multicomponent galvanic effluents with the help of the electrospark method using metal loadings (Fe, Al) and low-voltage (up to 1000 V) equipment has been studied. It is shown that the degree of cleaning depends on the specific energy of processing, the height of metal loading of the reactor, and, to a lesser extent, on the pulse energy and the speed of its input into the

Abstract Herein the growth mechanism of an un-doped zinc oxide (i-ZnO) and an Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) was investigated using electrochemical techniques. Zinc and aluminum nitrates precursors were used in an aqueous bath solution, under a fixed potential of about –1.0 V, at 80°C. The variations of the morphological, structural, and optical properties of AZO were investigated in terms of Al3+ concentrations

Abstract The diffusion saturation of metals and alloys with carbon under the conditions of electrolysis plasma has been successfully studied for decades due to new possibilities and a number of advantages. Those include a high processing speed at which the duration of carburising is several minutes, combining with quenching in the same electrolyte without reheating, a possibility of local processing

Abstract The bubbles of water jet cavitation and of multifunction cavitation (MFC) generated by nozzles with diameters of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.8 mm were investigated for the collapse pressure of microjets, the nozzle-specimen distance, the degree of processing, the photocatalyst characteristics for titanium oxide particles, and the multi-bubble sonoluminescence. The dependence of these characteristics on

Abstract In the present research, aluminum expanded mesh grids are considered for negative electrodes in lead-acid batteries. The conventional negative electrodes made from lead alloy grids are replaced by the expanded mesh grids that are made from a commercial aluminum alloy as they are lightweight, have higher conductivity, and are available in bulk. To accomplish this, aluminum grids were considered

Abstract In the present study, the effect of temperature and duration of hot-dipping on structural properties, hardness, and corrosion resistance of Zn–5% Al coatings on ST13 low-carbon steel has been investigated. The samples were dipped in a molten metal bath at temperatures of 440, 480 and 520°C, during 20, 50 and 70 seconds. To investigate the microstructure and properties of samples, scanning

Abstract The corrosion inhibition property of the Uncaria gambir extract (UGE) for the low-carbon steel was investigated in a prepared cooling-water solution using gravimetric analysis and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. Anticorrosive effectiveness was tested at the UGE concentrations of 0–1500 ppm and temperatures of 40–60°C. The CaCO3 scale inhibition performance was evaluated following

Abstract In this work, the porous structure of a carbon material and a crystalline structure of NiWO4 have been investigated. The electrochemical performance of symmetric and hybrid asymmetric supercapacitors was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling methods. The processes occur mainly at the electrode-electrolyte interface have been analyzed. It was determined that at discharge

Abstract Different concentrations of Citrus aurantium with deoxyribonucleic acid as additive (Citrus aurantiumDNA) were co-deposited with nickel via electrodeposition. The coatings were formed in an aqueous nickel bath with the incorporation of Citrus aurantiumDNA concentrations at different temperatures, and the influence of the acid and the temperature on the microstructure of the coatings was studied

Abstract The use of a pulse picosecond laser with a wavelength of 532 nm and frequency of 15 Hz in the formation of holes with diameters up to 0.1 mm in nonmetallic substrates (silicon, ceramics, etc.) was proposed. It was found by modeling in MathCAD and COMSOL Multiphysics that the half-angle value of the light cone aperture that depends on the focusing of laser radiation exerts a significant effect

Abstract— The nano- and micro-indentation mechanical parameters of the AISI 316L stainless steel, such as nanohardness (НNI), microhardness (HMI), the Young modulus (E), the indices of plasticity (H/E) and resistance (H3/E2), and relaxation parameters hs, hres, he-p and their dependences on the value of P load applied to an indenter were studied. Hardness is shown to be slightly decreased in the microindentation