Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a minimally invasive tumor treatment method in which photothermal conversion agents (PTAs) can be enriched in tumor tissue by external light stimulation to convert photon energy into thermal energy to induce the temperature of tumor tissue higher than normal physiological, and can effectively kill tumor cells and tissues while avoiding damage to healthy tissue. As a well-known

Chemotherapy is the most commonly used treatment for cancer. However, due to their short circulation time and lack of specific biological distribution, chemotherapeutic drugs cause severe systemic toxicity. Using the agents specifically binding to the targeted molecules might resolve this dilemma. Aptamers can directly connect with the drugs or couple with the nano-carrier to reduce systemic toxicity

Biomaterial implants and medical devices have been utilized extensively in medical treatment with the development of modern medicine, especially in orthopaedics and stomatology. Along with their applications, biomaterial-associated infections (BAIs) have grown to be one of the main postoperative complications. Antimicrobial coating strategies have been reported to effectively inhibit bacterial adhesion

Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the leading causes of vascular disease, producing high morbidity and mortality in many countries. Autophagy plays an important role when cells are facing serious circumstances, such as oxidative stress induced by Ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein). Recent studies have revealed that DEX (dexamethasone acetate) and RAPA (rapamycin) exhibit efficient AS therapeutic

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a worldwide zoonotic disease. At present, the treatment options of CE are limited. The main drugs used in clinical chemotherapy of echinococcosis are albendazole and mebendazole, but they mainly exert longterm antiparasitic effects based on high doses. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective and safe anti-CE drugs. Previous studies have identified harmine (HM)

Self-assembling peptide hydrogels have a high water content, good biocompatibility and have become a competitive research object in the fields of tissue engineering, cancer treatment and drug delivery. In our research, a hexapeptide with high pH sensitivity was designed and synthesized by utilizing a solid-phase synthesis method. Under physiological conditions, the peptide could self-assemble into

The mitochondria have recently become a novel target in the treatment of cancer. Targeted delivery by nanoparticles (NPs) has shown potential in enhancing existing therapeutic principles. With toxicity remaining a recurring issue, the green synthesis of inorganic NPs and modification with polymers may help to improve stability and biocompatibility. We synthesized epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-capped

Liposome is a traditional drug-delivery system and most novel studies have focused on its drug release function. In this paper, a new drug-delivery system based on liposomes was prepared, which contains hydrophobic FeAg alloy nanoparticles (FeAgNPs) in their lipid bilayer and berberine as test drug in their middle water phase. The size of AgFe-Ls was about 200 nm, the encapsulation efficiency of drugs

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Cases of colon cancer have experienced dramatic growth for the past few decades in China, while the rate of rectal cancer descends 3% every year in the West. The purpose of this study is to reveal the potential impact of miR-21-5p on the occurrence process of CRC and its connection with a close homolog of L1 (CHL1). In

The surface modification of titanium is effective in promoting osseointegration and is widely used in the treatment of bone diseases. Epimedii Folium (EF) plays an important role in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. However, few studies have so far been reported on their combined use in such treatments. In the present study, EF water extract was coated onto the surface of TiO₂ nanotubes (TNT)

A well-studied subject of epigenetics, the histone methylation located at lysine and arginine is overseen via methyltransferases and demethylases. Lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) comprises a lysine demethylase and possesses specificity for H3K9me3 and H3K36me3, which is capable of being used in order to activate histone transcription. Our team examined the expression of KDM4A within Sprague

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the bones remains a major clinical challenge. Fractures in the talus, the scaphoid, and the neck of the femur are especially challenging to heal due to the low blood vessel network and the lack of collateral blood supply. These fractures are associated with high rates of nonunion and increased infections that require repeated operations. Conventional treatments by autografting

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used and effective anticancer drug. However, it shows high cardiotoxicity in several patients. The exact biological mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remain unclear. In the present study, we developed and assessed novel injectable hydrogel matrices combined with nanoparticles and secretome biomolecules to reduce DOXinduced cytotoxicity in human stem cell-derived

Amino acids are significant for human life and therefore considered as the crucial nutrients for human body with high biosafety. Due to their high biocompatibilities and various physicochemical properties, their polymers can be applied to construct drug delivery systems for various diseases' treatments. Among them, glioblastoma multiforme received special attention and numerous efforts regarding to

Human health has been severely affected by infections resulting from multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Monobactam antibiotics are known to be effective against such infections. This study aimed to construct a predictive two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (2D-QSAR) model for the rational design of new monobactams based on the 65 known monobactams against

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has become the main cause of diarrhea-related diseases in domestic (China) inpatients. High-sensitivity and high-specificity detection methods for CDI must be applied clinically for CDI supervisory control. In this paper, we introduce a detection method for C. difficile and Norovirus based on real-time PCR. We developed and optimized a primer-probe for Norovirus

As an important recycling and degradation system, autophagy is considered to be critical in regulating stem cell differentiation. It has been shown that graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) are a robust biological labelling tool for stem cells with little cytotoxicity. In this study, we explored the role of autophagy in regulating the impact of GOQDs on the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs during

Implementation of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in biomedical applications have successful outcomes, however, they are still considered as a potential hazard. We herein used avian embryos at 3 days and its chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) at 6 days of incubation to evaluate the impact of synthesized CNFs on the early stage of embryogenesis and angiogenesis. Our data point out that 50 μg/embryo concentration

Cetuximab-conjugated gold nanoparticles are known to target cancer cells, but display toxicity towards normal kidney, liver and endothelial cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity after intravenous administration in healthy mice. Our data showed that these nanoparticles were rapidly cleared from the blood and accumulated mainly in the liver

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles of 30-150 nm diameter secreted by almost all cells. In recent years, with continuous deeper understanding of exosomes physiological functions, different reports have proven that exosomes can facilitate cell-to-cell communication by binding to target cells and transferring their contents, together with RNAs, DNAs, proteins, and lipids between cells and tissues

Many promising pharmaceutically active compounds have low solubility in aqueous environments and their encapsulation into efficient drug delivery vehicles is crucial to increase their bioavailability. Lipodisq nanoparticles are approximately 10 nm in diameter and consist of a circular phospholipid bilayer, stabilized by an annulus of SMA (a hydrolysed copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride). SMA

Nanoparticle drug carriers trigger a variety of cellular stress responses, including ER stress and antioxidant responses, but may also affect the intracellular degradative pathway autophagy. This can impose profound effects on drug delivery, cellular treatment responses, and nanoparticle cytotoxicity. We recently demonstrated that even small variations in the alkyl side chains of poly(alkylcyanoacrylate)

To assess AB-BEZ235-NP potential as a radio-sensitizer in hepatocellular carcinoma models.

Among different forms of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs with a very special bandgap of 3.37 eV and considerable binding energy of excitation (60 meV at room temperature), have been classified as high-tech nanoparticles. This study aimed to synthesize ZnO NPs using the extract from Salvia hispanica leaves. The synthesized nanoparticles were fully characterized and the photocatalytic

We developed a vaccine formulation containing ApoB derived P210 peptides as autoantigens, retinoic acid (RA) as an immune enhancer, both of which were delivered using PLGA nanoparticles. The formula was used to induce an immune response in 12-week-old male Apoe-/- mice with pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions. The nanotechnology platform PRINT® was used to fabricate PLGA nanoparticles that encapsulated

There is continued interest in Nano Carbon Materials (NCMs) and two of these, Fullerene C60 and Graphene have received Nobel prizes. Low solubility in most solvents has been a stumbling block in their industrial use. We report here the successful synthesis of a new water soluble tri-adduct of Fullerene C60 using a two-step procedure to obtain the water soluble s-Tri-(1-aziridino-2, 3-dimethoxy-ben

To minimize the hazardous effect of physical and chemical synthesis of nanoparticles we focused on the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Nanotechnology is a research hotspot and catch great attention because of its versatile applications in medical, biosciences and engineering fields. Purpose of our recent study is to synthesize bio-inspired metallic silver NPs by root mediated Zingiber officianale

The clinical studies proved the adverse effect of Propranolol on sexual function. Regarding this issue, the key research question of this study was, whether the designed herbal nanohybrid formula EGCG-chitosan-alginate has an efficacy versus Propranolol, or not? The formula was optimized according to the coacervation method. Its molecular structure and characteristics were confirmed. The entrapment

Here, an unprecedented synthesis method for nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) was facilitated using Salvia hispanica leaf extracts with the assistance of a high gravity rotating packed bed (RPB) system that enabled fast mass transfer and molecular mixing. The synthesized nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of biodegradable chitosan nanobeads and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated

Exercise-induced fatigue is accumulated when lactic acid cannot be timely eliminated after intensive exercise, resulting in sport injuries. Traditional lactic acid removal methods are limited in timeliness, metabolic burden, and potential toxicity. To solve the thorny problems, in this study, nanomedicine was introduced for lactic acid removal. Magnesium trisilicate was coated on the surface of magnetic

The ortho-silicic acid (H₄SiO₄) plays an essential role in delivering silicon to body cells and the monomeric ortho-silicic acid is the most bioavailable source of silicon for humans. This study reveals that the ortho-silicic acid (OSA) modifies the tissue of a healthy and pathological hypotrophic amnion, thermal burn skin and, additionally, the OSA-incubated serum. Changes in the tissue modified by

As an emerging two-dimensional layered material, black phosphorus nanosheets show unparalleled optical and electronic properties. Although black phosphorus nanosheets have attracted much attention in the photoelectric field, their applications in biomedical field were still limited due to their poor biocompatibility of current synthesis strategies. Herein, we propose a novel synthetic strategy for

Successful gene therapy depends on the design of effective gene delivery systems. A gene delivery system is considered a powerful tool for the release of genetic material within cells resulting in a change in cell functions and protein production. The release of genes in a controlled manner by using appropriate carriers facilitates their release without side effects and increases the expression of

Metronomic chemotherapy, giving low doses of chemotherapeutics (e.g., docetaxel) on a frequent schedule over a long time, may improve outcomes and reduce side effects for cancer patients. Oral medications are vital for applying metronomic chemotherapy. However, low solubility, low absorption, low drug availability in the targeted tissue, and side effects limit the development of oral chemotherapeutics

The current study aims to investigate the possibility of using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs)-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) colonography to diagnose colorectal cancer. Gd-FITC-SLNs were synthesized by loading gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) simultaneously. Twenty mice received azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) to induce

The goal of this study was to examine the impact of the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant peptide, SS31, and its role in promoting autophagy in cone photoreceptor 661W cells that were subjected to oxidative damage. To do so, we examined the viability of 661W cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of H₂O₂ with or without SS31 pre-treatment using the MTT assay and by expression of autophagy

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and nano-sized titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂), which are used in food production, may be harmful to the body. Long-term exposure to nano-TiO₂ can lead to hepatic injury; however, the effect of nano-TiO₂ on liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. The TGF-β/Smad/MAPK/Wnt signaling pathway is important for tissue fibrosis. In this study, mice were fed nano-TiO₂

Glial cell line derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of glial cells, serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons. A positively therapeutic effect has been demonstrated on some animal neurodegenerative diseases. However, the inability to deliver the protein across blood brain barrier (BBB) into damaged brain region limits its clinical application. Here

Cellular starvation induced by glucose oxidase (GOx) had been extensively explored as a potential approach for tumor therapy. However, the therapeutic efficacy suffers daunting challenges due to the unsatisfactory intracellular transportation of GOx molecules. Herein for the first time, hydroxide nanoparticles with unique hollow microstructure (denoted as H-NiAl(OH) x ) were designed and synthesized

Fragrances are extensively applied in food, daily chemicals, tobacco and medicine industries. However, too strong volatility of fragrances results in a fast release rate, thereby reducing the usage time of aromatherapy products. Although loading fragrances into nanomaterials is capable of slowing their rates of release, the encapsulation efficiency of traditional nanomaterials is very low, and the

Nano-titanium dioxide (nano-TiO₂) has been widely used in food and cosmetic industries, and the medical sector. However, nano-TiO₂ is potentially toxic to the reproductive system. Previous research has shown that nano-TiO₂ can reduce sperm concentration but do not yet known whether this effect occurs because of dysfunctional meiosis in spermatogenic cells. In the present paper, we demonstrate that

The lack of neo-cartilage integration with host tissues is a great challenge for the clinical translation of new technologies for the repair of articular cartilage (AC) defect. Recently, we developed a promising double-layered collagen-based system for targeted delivery of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) to the subchondral bone for AC repair. The system effectively promoted the regeneration of both

Developments in the design of lanthanide oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have unleashed a wide variety of biomedical applications. Several types of hepatic cancer cells overexpress two proteins: the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr), which specifically recognizes the bombesin (BN) peptide, and the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which specifically binds to several peptides that inhibit

Modern wound dressings not only play a covering role but also facilitate the function of the wound, contributing to a faster healing process. In this paper, we present a polyelectrolyte system with nanosized elements that could stimulate the growth of eukaryotic cells while providing antimicrobial properties, which may be recommended as a potential dressing material. The proposed platform consisted

Biomedical sensor that sense different molecules with a high refractive index sensitivity is proposed in this work. Plasmonic nanospiral antenna is mounted on a top surface of an optical fiber to reflect the incident optical signal back to the fiber. The reflected signal depends on the nanospiral antenna material, dimensions and the surrounding medium. Using streptavidin molecule, the nanospiral antenna

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers in developing countries particularly in those aged over 50. Traditional treatment is with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these which often results in considerable discomfort to the patient. Here we describe a potential alternative which employs a near-infrared (NIR) responsive dissolvable microneedle system

Topical ocular drug administration aimed at providing a high drug concentration at the precorneal site accompanied with enhanced corneal permeability to avoid systemic side effects is a very important therapeutic goal in ocular disorder therapy. In the present study, the solubility of the poorly soluble drug celecoxib (CXB) was significantly improved using a facile strategy to generate a high drug

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a recently developed and promising strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, apoptosis has been extensively investigated as the mechanism of the underlying effect of PTT on cancer to date. Here, we explored alternative mechanisms of these therapeutic effects, including the activation of cell-cycle arrest and autophagy during PTT in addition

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a serious challenge of CNS which may oftenly result in permanent paralysis and disability. The disruption of blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB) is a major step in the secondary injury of SCI. Until recently there are no restorative therapies for traumatic SCI. BSCB is considered to be a therapeutic target for SCI, however few biomaterials have been developed to restore

It is urgent to find an avian influenza A H7N9 detection simple method which is suitable for on-site detection. The Cas13a protein just likes a nanomachine, when specifically bound to target RNA by single-stranded RNA (crRNA), changes its protein structure and produces RNase activity, which degrades RNA non-specifically. Harnessing Cas13a, the paper aims to establish an underlying on-site H7N9 virus

The widespread application of nanoparticles causes extensive public concern on their biological safety. However, up to date, few reports have been associated with the impact of metal nanoparticles on gut microbiota in vivo. In this study, gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) were orally administered to BALB/c mice for 7 days, and the dynamic effects of AuNCs on gut microbiota were investigated at 0 h, 4 h, 8

Curcumin (CM) has multiple pharmacological activities including anti-fungal activity, but its clinical application is limited due to low solubility in aqueous media, poor bioavailability and extensive first pass metabolism. We aimed to resolve the limitation and enhance antifungal activity of CM using nanotechnology. Using silk fibroin (SF) as a carrier, we fabricated curcumin-silk fibroin nanoparticles

Chitosan-based hydrogels have been extensively used for tissue regeneration due to the excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. For lack of endogenous extracellular biomacromolecules, its application is obviously limited. Because of robust biological activity, porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) has been considered as promising candidates to increase the bioactivity of hydrogels. Herein

People have been looking for tissue engineering approaches to treat large segment bone defects as replacements of autologous bone method. Cell-seeded scaffolds are promising candidates, but lack of vascularization into the scaffolds has greatly hindered their applications. To address this problem, we used a co-culture of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and endothelial progenitor

ZrO₂-NPs are widely applied in industry, biomedicine and dentistry, e.g., foundry sands, refractories, ceramics dental prostheses, dental implant coatings and bone defect restorative materials. To date, little information is available on the potential adverse effects and toxic mechanism in human organs associated with exposure to ZrO₂-NPs. The biodistribution of ZrO₂-NPs and the consequent oxidative

Colorectal cancer has become the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, which has posed challenges to current conventional therapies. Hence, we propose an alternative approach to the existing therapeutics for colorectal cancer treatment. In this work, we prepared thermosensitive micelles based on poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(caprolactone)poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PCL-PEG, PECE) copolymers (PAL-micelles)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of nosocomial intestinal diseases and produces considerable morbidity and mortality among inpatients globally. The increasing incidence of CDI, especially of its severe cases, creates a growing financial burden internationally. The pathogen responsible for CDI, C. difficile, is an anaerobic, spore-bearing Gram-positive bacillus that colonizes

In recent years, liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (LC-TEM) has been developed as in-situ, dynamic characterization of nanoscale materials in the liquid, although the state-of-art focus is heavy materials such as metals, and alloys. Herein we present a practical and stable liquid cell fabricated with standard micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) processes on silicon wafers. The liquid cell is

An effective local drug delivery system remains an urgently needed product for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in the clinic. In this study, we developed an antibacterial functionalization bone graft by immobilizing levofloxacin hydrochloride-loaded mesoporous silica microspheres (LFH @ MSNs) on the surface of a nanohydroxyapatite/polyurethane (n-HA/PU) bioactive composite scaffold. Through

Procedures for enrichment, isolation and purification of exosomes from complex biological samples are difficult, tedious, non-standardized, and require bulky instrumentation such as ultracentrifugation (UC). In this article, a simple method for isolating exosomes. Size-Selective Method (SSM) was established based on commercially available materials, and the UC and ExoQuick-TC kits (EQkit) methods were