Abstract We report on the effect of different coatings (dextran, chitosan, polyethylene glycol, carboxy-silane, and silica) in the toxicity elicited by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in the developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). Animals were exposed to nanoparticle concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 8.0 mM of Fe during the first 5 days after fertilization. Embryotoxicity parameters

Abstract Core-shell metal nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit unique optical, especially plasmonic, properties in the visible range of electromagnetic spectrum. Here we report the plasmonic properties of bimetallic core-shell spherical NPs consisting of noble metals in pair (such as Au-Ag, Ag-Cu, and Au-Cu, and their interchanging combinations) embedded in silica employing Mie theory. The core radius and shell

Abstract This work examines the solar performance of double-glazed windows in four offices in ACK buildings with and without solar window film in actual working conditions. Window films are passive thin films stick to the interior or exterior of windows to effect various solar-optical impacts including energy saving, UV reduction, and increased thermal comfort. For this study, the 3M Neutral 20 and

Abstract Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are commonly used for the fabrication of organic photovoltaics (OPV). Efficiency limitations of OPVs could be circumvented by incorporation of inorganic nanostructures into organic blends. Again, integration of organic solar cells with well-developed silicon photovoltaic technology is ultimately desirable. In the

Abstract In this study, tailored heat treatment was employed to lower the flammability of hydrophobic silica aerogels (HSA). The effects of heat treatment temperature, time, and heating rate on the pore structure and flammability of the treated SA were investigated in detail. It was revealed that the heat-treated HSA still maintained a mesoporous structure with a lower tap density and a higher specific

Abstract Developing a high-efficient, low-cost visible-light-responsive photocatalyst is still a challenge in environmental remediation. Here, a three-dimensional (3D) porous architecture named reduced graphene oxide/CdS nanowire (RGO/CdS) aerogel was constructed by a facile two-step approach through coupling graphene with one-dimensional CdS nanowires (CdS NWs). A variety of characterization methods

Abstract The development of carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles (CEINS) is of considerable interest in many areas of cancer nanotechnology, ranging from basic tumor biology to early detection and treatment of cancer. To meet these challenges, the present study was undertaken to determine the magnetic and relaxometric performance of CEINS used as a new contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging

Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet is a drug delivery system due to its structural properties, which can be augmented in presence of folic acid (FA). This study aimed to compare the efficacy of GO as a passive (GO/DOX) and active (GO/FA/DOX) forms for delivering doxorubicin (DOX). These two forms of conjugates were characterized before and after loading of DOX to confirm the conjugation as well

Abstract Zirconia nanoparticle–reinforced copper matrix composites were successfully fabricated using an in situ oxidation technique with liquid Cu–Zr alloy. Cu–1 wt% Zr alloy was oxidized at liquidus temperature under an oxygen potential–controlled N2 atmosphere to yield 2.2 vol% ZrO2 particles ranging from 1 to 20 nm. TEM observation showed a semi-coherent relationship between the dispersoids (monoclinic

Abstract Hierarchically branched structures have attracted particular attention for the application in photocatalysis owing to their special physicochemical features. But the construction of hierarchical branch semiconductors is usually expensive and complex. In this work, a novel double-sided comb-like fluoride (F−) and cerium (Ce3+) co-doped monoclinic BiVO4 macro/nanostructured photocatalyst (BFCe)

Abstract Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films are widely used for various devices applications. Here, we report on the development of nanostructured CdS and Na-CdS thin films with enhanced optical and emission properties using an inexpensive deposition method. High quality Na-CdS nanocrystalline films were fabricated using spin coating method on glass substrates with different doping concentration (1–4 wt%)

Abstract Understanding of the complicated interactions between biomaterials and cells can accelerate biomedical developments. Recently, many in vitro studies have emphasized the biological features of nanowires (NWs) on the cell’s early response. A type of unique clustered anatase/rutile NWs (ARNWs) was generated using a simple hydrothermal reaction on titanium in the present study. The aim of this

Abstract In this study, we report a new ratiometric electrochemical sensor to accurately and selectively detect hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biological samples. In this system, it contains electroactive Ag dendritic nanocomposites (NCs) as a special recognition element of H2S and methylene blue (MB) as an inner reference molecular for a built-in correction to improve the accuracy. The Ag NCs are prepared

Abstract In this work, atypical zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) on quartz substrates were successfully synthesized using simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly hydrothermal method. The ZnO NRs were grown on a pre-seeded seed layer of ZnO nanocrystals using the spin coating process. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were sputtered on the ZnO NRs film. The structure and morphology of the produced nanostructures

Abstract Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) are gaining great interest owing to their excellent physicochemical properties and their wide range of applications. Nanoparticles’ size directly affects the properties and potential applications of PdNPs. Here, we reported a scalable, efficient, green, and one-step method to synthesize PdNPs with controllable sizes. In that, biocompatible polymer chitosan was

Abstract Doxorubicin (DOX) is an efficient chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat different types of cancer; however, there is an inherent risk of adverse effects due to its unspecific action in healthy cells. In order to enhance the DOX arrival and accumulation inside the cancerous cells, we have developed DOX-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) using the biocompatible polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic

Abstract Skin protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation is necessary to reduce sunburn damage (erythema) and has been recognized as an important preventive measure against the development of cancer. Many sun-blocking pharmaceutical products are based on titanium dioxide nanomaterials (TiO2 NMs) due to their UV barrier properties. This study aimed to assess if the UV protective efficiency of TiO2

The original version of Fig. 6a unfortunately contains an error. All mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values in that figure and the corresponding conclusions are correct, with the exception of the second image in the upper row that was accidentally replaced by the fourth image in the lower row.

Abstract Lead (Pb) perovskites can be synthetically modified to form colloidal nanocrystals which exhibit remarkable optoelectronic properties in the various fields such as light-emitting devices, flexible electronics, and photodetectors. However, because of the toxicity issue of Pb, nanocrystals of Pb free such as tin (Sn)-based perovskites have got attention. In the present work, we have selected

Abstract The enhancement of nanoparticle’s magnetic properties with a suitable coating is the main tool to increase their potential as an effective candidate for applications in different areas, especially in biomedicine. In the work here reported, Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with natural oils were synthesized by iron (III) acetylacetonate thermal decomposition and the effects of the coating on the

Abstract A series of nickel phosphide catalysts with adjustable Brønsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites has been prepared by liquid-phase method using bis(triphenylphosphine) nickel dichloride as “all-in-one” precursors. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, 31P magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, XPS, and NH3-TPD; then, its catalytic performance was tested in the liquid-phase hydrodeoxygenation

Abstract In recent years, high-moment magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) such as FeCo are attracting intense interest for biomedical applications. The synthesized FeCo MNPs have the specific saturation magnetization up to 226 emu/g that is more than three times higher than that of iron oxide MNPs (~ 70–80 emu/g). Core-shell MNPs are also synthesized to enhance the functionality of high-moment MNPs. Shells

Abstract The relationship between ζ-potential and surface defects of micro-nano sized hexagram-like α-Al2O3 particles was investigated in this paper. The 2D α-Al2O3 particles was prepared by the phase transformation of gibbsite precursor by the following steps during calcination in air: Al(OH)3 → AlOOH→a-Al2O3 → θ-Al2O3 → α-Al2O3. Resulting from the varied intensities of surface defects, as-prepared

Abstract Hydrophilic UiO-66 crystals with superior water adsorption ability were synthesized and incorporated into the polyimide (PI) membrane for efficient aprotic solvent separation via pervaporation. The effect of the different UiO-66 addition in the pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA)-2, 2-bis[4-(4-amlnophenoxy)phenyl]propane (BAPP)-based PI membrane on the membrane structure, thermal stability, surface

Abstract Silver, zinc, and copper nanoparticles were reductively crystallized on thymine-containing single-stranded DNA decanucleotides, in aqueous solutions containing the corresponding metal ions and sodium borohydride, at 4 °C, pH 11.8, and 15 mM of NaCl. Iron nanoparticles were not formed under these conditions. Formation of aggregates was monitored by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and characterized

Abstract Mucus is a semipermeable membrane that acts as a barrier for the transport of nanoparticles delivered through the oral route. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of particle size and surface charge on the penetration of nanoparticles through the intestinal mucus barrier. Polystyrene fluorescent nanoparticles of varying particle sizes, including 50, 100, 200, 500, 750

Abstract The structure evolution behavior of M-Al (M = Mg, Ni, and Fe) nanoalloys with three sizes (N = 13, 55, and 147) at different compositions were studied through basin-hopping Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. The atomic interaction was described using the embedded atom method. Results showed that the particle size and composition ratio of each element affected the final configuration

Abstract Binary heterostructures Ag2ZrO3/TiO2 composites have been prepared by a facile calcination-hydrothermal, using ZrOCl2·8H2O, AgNO3, and TBOT as raw materials and PVP as a dispersant. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Raman spectrometer, XPS, UV-vis DRS, and photoluminescence (PL) were employed to characterize the Ag2ZrO3/TiO2 composites. In an orthodox three-electrode

Abstract Using DFT treatment based on the B3LYP hybrid functional, the nearly spherical structure of [Ti7O28H26]2−, the rod-like structures of [Ti2O10H10]2−, and [Ti7O30H10]2− chains in singlet ground spin states and the structures of their neutral complexes with Cu2+ ions coordinated at various terminal or bridging oxygen sites in doublet ground spin states are optimized in order to assess the toxicity

Abstract The gossamer-like Nb2O5-RGO nanocomposite was synthesized through a solvothermal treatment, and the Nb2O5 nanoparticles were uniformly coated on the RGO sheets. The size of the Nb2O5 nanoparticles is about 200–700 nm. The applications of Nb2O5-RGO as supercapacitor were then explored systematically. The morphology, textural structure, and physicochemical property of Nb2O5-RGO were investigated

Abstract This study was conducted in nanotechnology laboratories in Tehran. A designed and validated questionnaire was used to meet the study goals. List of laboratories were provided through the Iran Nanotechnology Laboratory Network. All data were analyzed using SPSS.22. While 46.7% of the laboratories employed between 5 and 10 people on average, only 33.3% of them had a nanomaterial safety and health

Abstract This paper presents a systematic investigation on the growth of TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) by modifying the continuity in the applied potential through conventional one-step electrochemical anodization (CEA), paused electrochemical anodization (PEA), two-step electrochemical anodization (TEA), and pulsed electrochemical anodization (PLA). The essence of this research pertains to understanding the

Abstract Oxidation of HF vapor-etched nanocrystalline silicon films, prepared by drop coating from nanocrystalline Si sol in acetonitrile, was studied. Oxidation of nanocrystalline silicon at room temperature in air with 5% and 86% relative humidity was observed by means of infrared spectroscopy for 2 days. The change in film mass after 15 h of oxidation was determined using quartz crystal microbalance

Abstract Cobalt-nickel hybrid materials have multiple morphologies and multiple valence states and therefore have high electrochemical activity. Here we prepared Co-Ni precursor microspheres with hollow structure by homogeneous precipitation. This method is simple and rapid and requires neither the presence of a template compound nor high temperature/pressure conditions. Furthermore, the reaction only

Abstract This paper describes the synthesis of gold nanoparticles on the surface of two types of silica matrices, the disordered mesoporous silica (DMS) and SBA-15, which are chemically functionalized with pyridinium ligand. The adsorption of AuCl4− occurred through the ion exchange method. The gold nanoparticles were synthesized through the reduction of the adsorbed Au ions on the surface of silica

Abstract An optimized permanent magnetic nanoparticle recovery device (i.e., the MagNERD) was developed and operated to separate, capture, and reuse superparamagnetic Fe3O4 from treated water in-line under continuous flow conditions. Experimental data and computational modeling demonstrate how the MagNERD’s efficiency to recover nanoparticles depends upon reactor configuration, including the integration

Abstract The current study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of different anisotropic structures of silver nanoparticles in the hexagon and spherical shapes against MDR-bacteria isolated from water sources in Egypt. The water samples collected from four different dairy farm-related sites were tested bacteriologically, followed by identification of the antibiotic-resistant profile for

Abstract Recent studies have reported emission rates of up to 1012 ultrafine particles/min from fused filament fabrication three-dimensional printers when operated in unventilated or minimally ventilated test chambers. However, in these studies, there are no data to relate this rate to airborne concentrations in a manufacturing environment. An assessment of particle exposures of workers was conducted

Abstract A series of iron-substituted tin dioxide ceramics with composition Snx−1FexO2 was synthesized using a conventional solid-state method in order to investigate its detailed structural and dielectric properties. Samples formed in the tetragonal structure with grain sizes of around 88–48 nm. Reduction in grain size was found because of the suppression in the grain growth with Fe addition. From

Abstract YbMnO3 as a rare earth manganite class of perovskite materials displayed a wide range of applications and interests for scientists. This hexagonal perovskite showed a simultaneous ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, and ferroelasticity properties, which is considered multiferroic materials. This unique magnetic property may lead to use them in spintronic and magnetic storage media. YbMnO3 and

Abstract Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly utilized in many industries to harness their documented antibacterial properties. However, the mechanism(s) of action is still debated in the literature. The aim of this study is to understand how changes in outer membrane charge of a test bacteria Haemophilus influenzae alter the antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs of average

Abstract For its powerful antimicrobial properties, nanosilver is the most widely used nanoparticle in commercial odor-neutralizing and anti-infective textiles. However, the recent prevalent use of nanosilver has prompted concerns for the potential adverse human and environmental effects caused from the leaching of nanosilver during usage and laundering, necessitating innovative strategies in characterizing

Abstract Efficient hole-electron pair separation plays a crucial role in enhancing photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4, which usually requires a noble metal cocatalyst. Here we report metallic NiCo2S4 nanoparticles as a cocatalyst and replacement of noble metals to improve the performance of g-C3N4 for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. NiCo2S4 nanoparticle-modified g-C3N4 has been successfully synthesized

Abstract In this contribution, comparison of TiO2 nanowires (TiO2 NWs) and TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) for photodegradation of resorcinol as endocrine model was extensively carried out. The results indicated that X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the TiO2 NWs exhibited brookite and anatase phases; whereas, the prepared TiO2 NPs is pure anatase phase. TEM images of TiO2 NWs exhibit clear nanowire

Abstract The one-dimensional (1D) silver nanowires (AgNWs) with high transmittance, high electronic conductivity and two-dimensional (2D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) both emerge as leading candidates for the development of next-generation transparent conductive films (TCFs). However, the relatively high sheet resistance of rGO and the poor corrosion resistance of AgNWs hinder them to fabricating TCFs

Abstract Based on the density functional theory (DFT) method, the geometrical structures, relative stability, electronic, and spectral properties of AuSn (2 ≤ n ≤ 7) clusters are systematically studied, whose sizes are largely in the range of 0.3–0.5 nm. AuS4 and AuS3 show the highest and lowest energy gaps and hence the highest chemical stability and chemical activity, respectively. The total magnetic

Abstract In this work, we designed a simple hydrothermal synthetic method for a ZnCo-PBA@α-Co(OH)2 nanosphere@nanosheet material with good electrochemical properties. The obtained material had a specific capacitance of 423.92 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a cycling retention ratio of 78.48% after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1. A hybrid supercapacitor device (ZnCo-PBA@α-Co(OH)2//AC) assembled with activated carbon

Abstract A comprehensive study of the antibacterial (bacteriostatic and bactericidal) properties of non-doped carbon nanodots (CNDs), nitrogen-doped (N-doped), and nitrogen/sulfur co-doped (N,S-doped) CNDs against Escherichia coli (a model organism) is discussed herein. The CNDs, with a size of ca. 5 nm, were found to be capable of inhibiting the growth of the bacterial biofilm but not significantly

The study of bimetallic nanoalloy clusters is of considerable interest due to its interesting electronic, optical, magnetic and catalytic properties. The geometrical structure and electronic properties of AunPt (n = 1–8) nanoalloy clusters are studied by using the density functional theory methodology. The result exhibits that the ground-state configurations of AunPt clusters favour planar confirmation

Copper oxide (II) nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) have been increasingly used in products of human interest, such as coating for food packaging and wood protection. The main objective of this study was to evaluate in vivo acute toxicity of CuO-NPs after oral exposure and compare it with CuO microparticles (CuO-MPs). Female rats were orally exposed, through gavage procedure, to the analyzed materials. After

Over the past few decades, detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) have gained increased attention due to their unique physicochemical properties. Various methods for preparation of ND suspensions have been introduced. This paper presents thermally annealed nanodiamonds dispersed via sonication and separated by centrifugation in deionized water and dimethylformamide in five weight concentrations ranging from

In a recent paper, Castellanos-Jaramillo and Castellanos-Moreno proposed a simple quantum-mechanical model for an electron in the vicinity of an ionized nanostructure with a permanent electric dipole. They chose the interaction of the electron with the charge and the dipole in such a way that the resulting Schrödinger equation is separable into radial and angular parts. In this comment, we show that

Density functional theory (DFT) studies have been performed on the unprecedented adsorption of glyphosate pesticide on modified pyridine-like nitrogen-doped graphene (PNG) for the purpose of water remediation. The interaction of glyphosate on the PNG sheet, as well as on Pt-Cu decorated PNG substrates, is investigated. The Pt4-nCun (n = 0–4) clusters, such as Pt4, Pt3Cu1, Pt2Cu2, Pt1Cu3, and Cu4, have

The presented analysis of the temperature course of a phase transformation of nanoparticles offers a powerful tool to obtain data for the particle size distribution and the enthalpy of transformation. The analysis starts with the temperature distribution within an ensemble of nanoparticles and a functional relation between particle size and transformation temperature. In contrast to the Maxwell-Boltzmann

Despite the great advantages of manganese oxide/carbon composites as the electrodes for supercapacitors, homogeneous hybrid with intimate contact between manganese oxide and carbon has been rarely achieved. Here, spindle Mn2O3/carbon hybrid was designed and synthesized via a hydrothermal process following a heat treatment procedure, in which Mn2O3 was homogeneously and intimately contacted with carbon

Abstract Pyrolysis of biomass is an important process in which renewable biological waste is converted to energy products and preliminary chemicals. Therefore, various types of catalysts, including metal oxides, have been investigated for more efficient and selective biomass pyrolysis. Co, Ni, and Cu single and mixed metal oxide (SMO and MMO) nanoparticles (NPs) of 3 to 47 nm were synthesized, characterized

Carbon-encapsulated iron-cementite (Fe-Fe3C) nanoparticles, promising nanomaterials for medicine due to their valuable magnetic properties, were synthesized by a single-step solid-state pyrolysis of iron phthalocyanine. To obtain required magnetic characteristics of such nanoparticles by governing of the pyrolysis conditions one needs reliable structural information of the atomic architecture of the

Maricite α-phase sodium cobalt phosphate (α-NaCoPO4) (so called NCP) was fabricated by easily scalable and energy efficient method such as solution combustion synthesis. The obtained material was further ball-milled with carbon (NCP/C) to get nano-sized resultant particles. The orthorhombic crystal structure was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and purity of the material evidenced by X-ray photoelectron

Abstract Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals have been extensively used for illumination, displays, bioimaging, and other fields. However, the most extensively used Cd-based nanocrystals are toxic. Recently, non-toxic multinary copper-based chalcogenide semiconductor nanocrystals have been studied intensively. The mostly studied in these materials are ternary Cu–In–S nanocrystals which have large

In this article, the collection of studies with regard to the modeling of nanomanipulation based on atomic force microscope (AFM) is discussed. To model the manipulation process, two-dimensional and three-dimensional models in the classical environment and molecular dynamics can be presented. The decisive factor in determining the solution’s type depends on the dimensions and application of manipulation