Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new approach to destroy tumor over past decades due to its high selectivity and minimal invasiveness. Photosensitizers (PSs), plenty of oxygen, and special wavelengths of light irradiation are three indispensable basic elements in the PDT therapeutic procedure. Upon exposed to light irradiation, PSs utilized surround oxygen to produce poisonous reactive oxygen species

This paper investigates the enhancing plasmonic effect of periodic arrays of silver-shell square prisms employing a three-dimensional finite element method for refractive index and temperature sensing applications in the near-infrared region. We found that the connected metal-shell square prisms could simultaneously generate surface, gap, and cavity plasmon resonances modes in a single structure and

Social science research (under the guise of SEI [societal and ethical implications]) in association with nanotechnology infrastructure networks (in this case, the Research Triangle Nanotechnology Network) is challenging due to the unique function of an infrastructure network. Infrastructure networks share laboratory resources and make available to the user in the early stages in the technological process

In the paper, the effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) concentration and chemical wet etching on morphologies and phase composition of CuSbS2 particles synthesized by microwave irradiation method were investigated. The phase structure, morphologies, and optical and photocatalytic properties were analyzed by using characterization techniques. The results showed that the morphology of as-prepared particles

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been extensively applied as a solid lubricant and as a protective coating due to their attractive chemical, mechanical, and tribological properties. Furthermore, these properties of DLC coatings can be improved with the incorporation of nanoparticles of different materials, especially diamond nanoparticles (DNPs). Herein, the incorporation of chemical vapor deposition

In this work, different magnetic thin films of Ni, NiFe and NiFe2O4 are deposited on the SiO2 substrate using sputtering technique. Our experiments confirmed that thin films possess a good nanocrystalline structure. The key deposition parameters controlling their magnetic properties are sheet resistivity, crystalline structure and microtopography of the sputtered thin film. Besides, the reactive gas

Efficient adsorption and utilization of carbon dioxide play an important role in mitigating the greenhouse effect and developing clean energy. Surface functionalization of photocatalyst is an efficient method to promote the adsorption of CO2 and convert it into hydrocarbon fuels. In this work, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) is used to functionalize Ti-MCM-41 molecular sieve photocatalyst to enhance

Narrow bandgap Ag2Te quantum dot (QDs) hold great promise in the fields of bioimaging, chemo-/bio-detection, and thermoelectric materials, but their biosafety has not been well estimated yet. In this study, we studied the biodistribution and toxicity of polyethylene glycol–coated Ag2Te QDs (Ag2Te QDs-PEG) in mice after a single intravenous injection. After entering the mice, Ag2Te QDs-PEG displayed

Abamectin (Am) is an excellent biopesticide for insect pests control but environmental sensitivity and a short duration in conventional formulations limit its application in agriculture. In order to promote the dispersity, stability, and biological activity of Am, well-monodisperse nanochitin (NCh) and Am-loaded nanoparticles (NCh-Am) were prepared and examined in this study. NCh was prepared by ultrasonication

The pursuit of multifunctional, stable, more efficient, and safer cancer treatment has gained increasing interest in the research of nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy. Many nanoparticles have good absorption chracteristics in the near-infrared region, because of the high light-to-heat conversion efficiency; they could destroy tumor cells by heat; thus, they are often treated as a potential

Sb2S3 quantum dot is prepared as the optical absorber on the ZnO nanorod films to fabricate high-efficiency quantum dot–sensitized solar cells. The band energy of the solar cells is modulated by the different concentration of Cu-doping. Meanwhile, the optical absorption spectra and photoluminescence spectra of different ZnO/Sb2S3 photoelectrodes are investigated, which had exhibited the enhancement

With remarkable electrochemical stability/conductivity and abundant porous structure, porous carbon electrodes can store considerable amount of charge electrostatically by reversible adsorption of electrolyte, thereby showing high capacity and cycle stability for supercapacitor. However, there was lack of simple and effective ways to synthesize porous carbon materials with controllable structures.

Efficient drug delivery systems are required to increase drug concentrations at tumor sites and to reduce the side effects on normal cells. In this work, we developed a nanoscale drug delivery system based on graphene oxide (GO) and used it to load a disulfide prodrug of podophyllotoxin (DCM-S-PPT), which was linked by a thiol-specific cleavable disulfide bond. In order to improve the biocompatibility

In this study, a suitable route for the selective functionalization of the outer surface of MCM-48-type mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and its impact on the physicochemical properties were investigated. The synthesis of MCM-48 nanoparticles with intact cubic ordered mesopore structure and functionalized outer particle surface was managed by postsynthetic and co-condensation modification routes

We have studied the structure and optical properties of bimetallic (CuAg)n (n = 1–6) nanoalloy clusters by using density functional theory (DFT) method. The computed data shows that HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of the clusters are in the range of 1.444–3.066 eV. The most stable cluster (CuAg)3 with symmetry group C1 and singlet spin multiplicity has an energy gap 3.066 eV, whereas the cluster (CuAg)6 with

The multifunctional silica-coated Au nanobowtie (GNB@SiO2) core-shell structure was embedded in organic solar cells (OSCs), and an intense performance promotion of the devices was achieved by optimizing the shape and the size of the GNB@SiO2. The light absorption of the active layer was increased with GNB@SiO2 doping concentration increasing until the doping concentration exceeds 10 nM. The devices

The current pandemic COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been affecting thousands of people worldwide, promoting high numbers of deaths. With this, the world population is going through a process of changing habits, with social distance, improvement of hygiene techniques, to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and, consequently, reduce the number of hospitalized people in serious condition

Tungsten disulfide (WS2) particles have excellent lubrication properties and low surface energy. These features are exploited for numerous applications in the biomedical field, from the development of low-friction orthodontic wires to urinary encrustation-resisting coatings. Nevertheless, the cytotoxicity of spherical WS2 particles still remains unclear. We report the biocompatibility of pristine WS2

This work presents studies of IR luminescence sensitization of Indocyanine Green dye (ICG), observed during association with colloidal Ag2S quantum dots with an average size of 2.2 nm passivated with thioglycolic acid (Ag2S/TGA QD). The opportunity of enhancing the dye monomer luminescence (peak at 820 nm) by 4–6 times under excitation of 660 nm in the presence of Ag2S/TGA QDs (2.2 nm) was shown. At

Aluminum nanoparticles have widely been used as fuel additives to solid propellants for rocket propulsion, but the formation of the oxide layer has been a setback for their application. A viable solution to this problem is to passivate aluminum (Al) with a layer of nickel (Ni), which offers multiple advantages. The current study focuses on energetic intermetallic interaction within Ni-coated Al nanoparticles

Mesoporous PbTiO3 nanosheets were synthesized by a one-step sol-gel process employing the F127 surfactant as a structure directing agent. Different percentages of platinum nanoparticles (0.2–0.8 wt%) were deposited onto mesoporous PbTiO3 nanosheets surface employing a photoassisted deposition method. TEM images of Pt@PbTiO3 mesoporous nanocomposites show the close proximity of lattice fringes 0.220 nm

Perovskite-graphene nanocomposites of rare-earth LaFeO3-rGO and LaFeO3 nanoparticles are synthesized and characterized. The preparation was done by citrate sol-gel method. The structural characterization has been performed using XRD and FT-IR. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were used to analyze the morphology of the prepared nanocomposite. Vibrating sample magnetometer

This study focused on the development of an effective method to determine the spatial distribution and content of acetaminophen in intact tablets. We scanned tablets by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy using live video imaging with a microscope to identify the three ingredients of the tablet formulation, acetaminophen, starch, and hydrated magnesium silicate. Tablets with five different acetaminophen

A facile colorimetric Pb2+ assay system has been developed based on the visible color change of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) modified with α2-microglobulin (α2M) protein. The α2M protein is a soluble and high-affinity receptor for Pb2+, which is well studied and regarded as the comparable positive control in Pb-binding protein researches. It was obtained through purifying recombinant protein from the

Carbon nanotubes/iron oxyhydroxide (CNTs/FeOOH) three-dimensional hybrid with shell/core nanostructure is designed as a binder-free electrode for the flexible supercapacitor (SC) application. The coiled and dense CNT forest is preferentially fabricated on flexible carbon fiber cloth (CC) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and employed as a highly conductive carrier for electrodeposition growth of FeOOH

The strategy of drug encapsulation with biocompatible polymeric nanocapsules could be a promising approach to improve the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs for cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the drug delivery of tamoxifen from biocompatible nanocapsules made of poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) core and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethyleneglycol)-2000]

This work demonstrates a single-step method for synthesis and printing of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in 2D micropatterns. The method is based on femtosecond laser writing, enabling fast and high precision deposition of silver, gold, or copper NPs in space-selective areas, which in general is not achieved by the traditional chemical routes or laser ablation of metal. Such finds were accomplished by

Dispersion stability of nanosuspensions attracts increasing attention in the past decades due to its significant effect on the thermal performance and phase behaviors of suspensions applied in various areas. The review of DLVO, steric stability, and depletion theories along with the detailed analysis of intermolecular forces was provided to elucidate the stability mechanism of hybrid nanoparticles

In this study, the Fe3O4 nanoparticles with particle size from 5 to 20 nm were synthesized using the thermal decomposition method. Magnetic hyperthermia measurements on these nanoparticles show moderate values of the specific absorption rates (SAR) in applied AC magnetic fields of amplitude 200 Oe and frequencies of 450 kHz. The highest value of SAR is 123.31 W/g for 20 nm Fe3O4 MNPs. The theoretical

Asymmetrical flow FFF (AsFlFFF) is a member of field-flow fractionation (FFF) and can provide the separation of particles with size from nano to microscale based on their hydrodynamic diameters with smaller particles being eluted earlier than larger ones. For spheres, if the AsFlFFF conditions are well optimized, the FFF theory allows prediction of the elution time for a given diameter. Herein, we

In modern methods of synthesis of nanostructured materials based on mesoporous silica matrices (MCM-41, SBA-15), it is not possible to simultaneously fine adjust both the pore diameter and the thickness of the separating walls. This article presents the results of work on the creation of composites based on mesoporous silica matrices MCM-41 and SBA-15, reinforced with metallic Fe nanoparticles (Fe

Carbon dots are carbon-based nano materials that have been widely used as heavy metal ion detectors to replace quantum dot semiconductors such as CdS, CdSe, and CdTe which are dangerous to the environment. Cdots are known to be used as nanoparticle probe for the detection of heavy metal ions. Since the advantages of Cdots are sensitive and non toxic. Cdots also have some special properties such as

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) induced specific cell toxicity, and they are used as a tool for the study of several pathologies such as cancer. This work aimed to elucidate the toxic effect of < 10-nm silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in different administration orders on C6 rat glioma cells, as a biological model of study. C6 rat glioma cells were exposed to increasing concentrations

Carbon black has been a key ingredient in high-performance composites, such as tire rubber, for over a hundred years. This reinforcing filler increases rubber rigidity and reduces tire wear, among many other useful effects. New nanomaterials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, may bring new performance improvements. However, their usefulness cannot be evaluated unless worker safety is assured by

In realistic exposure scenarios, the detection and quantification of engineered nanoparticles in complex environmental or biological matrixes is a challenge since nanoparticle concentrations are frequently low and have to be discerned from a background that may contain the same elements in various chemical forms in much higher concentrations. The use of radiolabelled nanoparticles may overcome these

With the continual air pollution and environmental issues caused by the combustions of sulfur-containing fuels, the desulfurization in transport fuels becomes a crucial topic worldwide. In this study, a kind of phosphomolybdic ionic liquid–supported hydroxyapatite was successfully designed and employed as a catalyst for heterogeneous oxidative desulfurization in fuel. The prepared catalysts were characterized

Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) is kind of organic electronic devices, which consists of gate insulator layer, an active layer, and 3 electrodes (source, gate electrodes, and drain). Among them, the active layer as a key part has been widely concerned by scientific researchers. Rubrene, as a member of the star molecules, has been widely studied. Rubrene exhibits attractive properties, for instance

Size dependences of the melting temperature Tm and binding energy E, i.e., their dependences on the particle radius R, have been investigated by employing thermodynamics, a local coordination approximation for E as well as molecular dynamics. We have found that both quantities Tm and E decrease at decreasing the particle size and follow to the linear or close to linear dependence on the reciprocal

Over the last decades, magnificent progress in the field of nanopharmaceuticals mostly with sizes smaller than 100 nm has led to the development of novel delivery systems and brightened the hope of finding new approaches to combat threatening diseases including cancer. So far, numerous efforts have been made to develop appropriate delivery systems with favorable features such as acceptable toxicity

Copper is known for its bactericidal properties since ancient time. Development of copper nanoparticle (CNP) based antimicrobial products has generated interest in studying their toxicological properties. In this article, we have investigated the ROS (reactive oxygen species)–induced cytotoxicity of colloidal CNPs on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. To understand the dependence of nanoparticle’s anticancer

In this paper, based on the excellent light trapping performance of the nanostructure, the structure of the electron emission layer of the ultraviolet detector is optimized. In this paper, simulation models of gallium nitride (GaN) nanohole arrays and nanorod arrays are designed by COMSOL Multiphysics software, which is based on the finite element method (FEM). In order to optimize the geometric parameters

In this work, we investigate the optical properties of single and multiple quantum dots (QDs) based on AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs with two Koch snowflake-shaped and circular geometries. The idea is to determine the impact of the surface roughness of the circular QDs on the mentioned optical properties. This is an important issue in designing optoelectronic devices (e.g., photodetectors or light-emitting systems)

Single-crystalline BaTiO3 nanocube (BT NC) dispersed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposite films were fabricated using a spin-coating process. Thermogravimetry indicated that volume fraction of BT NCs in nanocomposite film was achieved above 64% with keeping transparency. Refractive index of BT NC/PMMA composite film was 1.89 at 550 nm. The microstructure of BT NC/PMMA composite films was characterized

Aluminum nanoparticles (ANPs) are considered energetic, economical, and eco-friendly additives. In this investigation, advanced ReaxFF molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been used to discover the mechanism of coating ether and ethanol molecules on ANPs. Those MD results generally reveal the dynamics process of ethanol and ether adsorption. It is found that the adsorption of ethanol and ether molecules

Semiconducting nanoparticles (NPs) find applications in many fields, with a recent focus on medicine and biology. Functionalization of the surface of NPs is necessary, and one of the most commonly employed techniques is ligand exchange (LE). In this paper, the study of pH influence on LE reaction for different types of cadmium-based NPs (quantum dots, nanorods, and nanoplates) is presented. Hydrophobic