A comparative analysis of the features of the formation, morphology, and electrochemical activity of composite anodes of solid oxide fuel cells was performed using nanosized particles of NiO and Ce0.8Gd0.2O2 – δ. The direct introduction of NiO nanoparticles into cermet composition leads to technological problems during screen printing of electrode layers associated with the oxidation of organic components

Abstract The processes of hydrogen production from various types of fossil and renewable fuels are energy-intensive multi-route chemical reactions, and for their efficient implementation it is necessary to use selective and high-performance catalysts that combine high activity, thermal conductivity, and corrosion and thermal resistance. A general strategy for the design of catalytic systems for hydrogen

Abstract The operation of nuclear power plants routinely leads to the release of waste water flows contaminated with radioactive isotopes, tritium in particular. In order to prevent its entry into the environment, it is proposed to use a catalytic process of chemical isotope exchange in the water–hydrogen system. The novelty of the work lies in the combination of energy production facilities and commercial

Abstract Experimental results on the development of two original approaches to obtaining new nanocomposite proton exchange membranes for low-temperature fuel cells are generalized. The first approach consists in in situ modification of the transport channels of commercial proton exchange membranes of the Nafion brand with interpenetrating polymer networks of the introduced polyelectrolyte based on

Abstract The development of energy systems based on high specific power hydrogen–air fuel cells using domestic nanostructured materials and technologies is an urgent task. The technologies used for manufacturing proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM FC) by the Russian company BMPower using Pt/C-electrocatalysts of the PM series produced by another Russian company, Prometheus R&D, are presented.

A model calculation of the startup of a power plant based on a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The power plant is equipped with a recombiner with a nanostructured hydrogen oxidation catalyst and a bubbler, filled with methanol, which absorbs water vapor, drying the heated air to prevent ice formation inside the fuel cell, which allows for autonomous cold start and operation in the Arctic

Carbon nanomaterials are being actively implemented in various energy fields, including hydrogen. One of the main problems for the development and implementation of metal hydride technologies is the low thermal conductivity of fine powders of hydride-forming materials. This feature, given the rather high values of the heat of reaction of intermetallic compounds with hydrogen, leads to an increase in

Abstract The problem of water management in a fuel cell with a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) under low humidity conditions is most acute. The addition of adsorbents to a membrane improves the water-holding properties of PEMs. A stationary one-dimensional computer model is developed to analyze the distribution of water in the layers of membrane electrode assembly. An ionomer layer modified with

Abstract High-temperature electrolysis for hydrogen production using electricity and high-grade heat is considered. Calculated data on the efficiency of this production are presented, along with the characteristics of the corresponding devices, specificities of their use, and the design of an electrolyzer for this purpose, providing optimal conditions for the functioning of electrochemical cells with

Abstract This review considers the development history of hydrogen energy generation in the USSR and Russia and its current state. The main domestic achievements in the field of production, storage, and transportation of hydrogen as well as its application to power engineering and other fields are summarized. The paper mainly focuses on various aspects to the application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology

Abstract The structural evolution of three electrocatalytic systems for hydrogen evolution reaction using iron, cobalt, and ruthenium(II) clathrochelate complexes as catalysts in a water electrolyzer is studied by X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES)/extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The complexes are shown to display essentially different robustness under water

Abstract In this paper, we implement the most rigorous approach to the mathematical description of two-phase transfer processes in liquid water, water vapor, and non-condensable gases (hydrogen and oxygen) in gas-diffusion electrodes/current collectors of water electrolyzers based on a polymer electrolyte membrane. The solution to this problem allowed the following to be determined: various movement

Crystalline electrolytes in the system of calixarenesulfonic acids and low molecular weight acids were synthesized and the features of their structure and parameters of proton transfer were studied in a wide range of relative humidity (RH = 20–75%) and temperature (+50 to –80°C). It was shown that the introduction of acids into a nanosized calixarene bowl leads to the formation of supramolecular complexes

Abstract The formation and development of hydrogen power engineering (HPE) as a technologically efficient and competitive part of the future with a carbon-free or low-carbon economic paradigm makes it necessary to overcome many obstacles related not only to the maturity, availability, and economic efficiency of technologies but also to a sufficient, socially acceptable level of safety in HPE. Even

Abstract The review is devoted to current and promising areas of application of graphene and materials based on it for generating environmentally friendly hydrogen energy. Analysis of the results of theoretical and experimental studies of hydrogen accumulation in graphene materials confirms the possibility of creating on their basis systems for reversible hydrogen storage, which combine high capacity

Abstract Using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, the radiation–thermal decomposition of water in the nano-ZrO2 + nano-SiO2 + H2O system in the temperature range of T = 373–673 K under the influence of γ-rays was studied. It is shown that water adsorption in zirconium and silicon nanooxides occurs by the molecular and dissociative mechanisms. Intermediate-active products of the radiation-heterogeneous

Abstract A technique was designed to assess the human health risk associated with exposure to radioactive radon. As a focus, a dose–effect relationship model was developed on the basis of international and first-hand experience. The model suggests a multiplicative dependence on the probability of spontaneous lung cancer and takes account of the fact that radiation effects on the lungs are exerted by

Abstract An urgent task of modern medicine is the search for drugs that can stop or slow down the course of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of fullerenol C60(OH)30 on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease in the Drosophila melanogaster model. The effect of fullerenol on the life expectancy, the level of geotaxis, learning

Abstract The structural and electrical properties of samples made of nanostructured cobalt oxide prepared by thermal decomposition and electrospinning (as well as the characteristics of their paramagnetic defects) have been investigated. A correlation is found between the conductivity of the obtained material and its structural parameters, depending on the synthesis method. It is revealed by electron

Abstract In this review, we present and categorize modern analytical methods for quantitative determination of copper mostly aimed at the possibility or prospect of their use in biological systems. We perform a comparative analysis of spectroscopic, electrochemical, and fluorescent methods on the basis of key criteria such as limit of detection, the possibility for in vivo/in vitro application, and

Abstract A novel calorimetry system is presented to use in radiation processing facilities equipped with an electron accelerator. The calorimeter core was fabricated with polystyrene/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposite. The nanocomposite samples were made in different weight percentages of MWCNTs namely 0.05, 0.1, 0.28, 1, and 2 wt %. The SEM analysis was applied to demonstrate the dispersion state

Abstract The emergence of new infectious diseases and the rapid development of drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria and fungi are a serious problem of modern medicine; therefore, a relevant issue is to develop novel methods of counteraction and detection of antimicrobial agents among natural and inorganic substances and the development of diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic drugs. In the present

Abstract A simple method for producing a film of graphene oxide is described. The polymer film obtained was studied by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that graphene oxide flakes are macromolecules that contain hydrogen bonds and are connected by van der Waals interactions

Abstract Nanomaterials can exhibit a more pronounced genotoxic effect compared to the individual components contained in them, changing the structure of DNA and histone proteins, as well as the amount of these substances. We analyzed the impact of the Keplerate-type nanocluster iron–molybdenum polyoxometalate (POM) and POM degradation products in solutions on the content of nucleic acids, free nucleotides

Abstract The toxic effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in mammals are important to assess due to MWCNTs are a widespread environmental pollutant. MWCNTs were tested for the effect on the behavioral functions of laboratory mice in the open field, rotarod, and elevated plus maze tests. Two possible routes of MWCNT entry into the body were examined: intrapharyngeal aspiration and intravenous

Abstract The kinetic characteristics of the process of synthesis of Ni nanopowder (NP) by the chemical metallurgy method are studied. Nickel NP is obtained by reduction of NiO nanopowder with hydrogen in a tubular furnace at temperatures in the range from 240 to 280°C. Nickel oxide nanopowder is prepared by thermal decomposition of nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)2 at 300°C, which has been synthesized in advance

Gallium nitride heterostructures on silicon substrates were grown by the method of gas-phase epitaxy from organometallic compounds. Based on them, transistors with a total gate width of 7.92 mm were created. The influence of the architecture of buffer layers on the characteristics of heterostructures and test transistors based on them is studied. Powerful transistors were obtained with an output pulse

Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the effects of nano titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPS), on seed germination and germination indices of Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) seed under drought stress. A factorial experiment was arranged based on a completely randomized design with three replicates to study the impacts of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs: 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 ppm) on

Abstract Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and single- and multiwalled carbon nanotubes and fullerene derivatives are considered as promising agents for the delivery of pharmacological agents to target organs in anticancer therapy and theranostics. Cytostatic cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the chemotherapeutic drugs the targeted delivery of which is possible by CNMs. However, due to the presence of its

Abstract In the framework of the theory of tunneling resonance electron-vibrational spectroscopy, taking into account the interelectron (Coulomb) interaction, which is essential for ultrasmall metal nanoparticles (≤5 nm), a model is constructed that quantitatively explains the results of published spectroscopic experiments carried out using scanning tunneling microscopy, in which for nanoparticles

Abstract Optimization of an ecologically friendly, biological approach to the microbial synthesis of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (NPsCdS) in the presence of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Bacillus subtilis 168 bacterial cells is proposed, which increases the yield and concentration of nanocrystals in the samples. Biogenic NPsCdS are characterized as quantum dots with a size of 5 ± 1 nm, fluorescent

Abstract— Benzophenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine from Macleaya macrocarpa shows antitumor and anti-angiogenic activity, among others. Some side effects of sanguinarine, which significantly limit the possibilities of its therapeutic use, are described. To increase the effectiveness of its therapeutic effect, sanguinarine was introduced into the pH-sensitive liposomes by remote loading using ammonium

Abstract— In recent years, the use of laser nanotechnology has led to numerous breakthrough results in materials science for creating multifunctional coatings. In this work, based on the application of laser methods for processing the surface of an aluminum alloy, multifunctional coatings with hierarchical roughness combining micro- and nanotexture are obtained. It was shown that, after chemisorption

Abstract Metal oxide nanoparticles have gained great attention owing to their academic interest and modern technological applications. In particular, one of the extensive materials studied is Fe2O3, which found antimicrobial and biological applications. In this context, green preparation using Urtica leaf extract was used, and the properties of α-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3@Ag nanoparticles were discussed with

erratum

AbstractIn this paper, the possibility of synthesizing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by DC arc discharge plasma in ambient air is shown. The synthesis takes place in a graphite cathode with a crucible shape using tungsten powder as a catalyst. In the non-vacuum synthesis method the CO atmosphere is generated in the reaction zone during the arcing, preventing the products of the synthesis from

AbstractMagnetic field sources are developed and manufactured for experiments in order to activate neuron channels. The designed cryogenic magnetic systems are part of an experimental research stand for remotely controlling neuron expression by static and low-frequency (up to 100 Hz) magnetic fields. The devices are capable of producing an induction field value of ~0.5 T at the liquid nitrogen temperature

AbstractResearch is conducted on the development of paper packaging materials with antibacterial properties using titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are synthesized by the hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride in an alkaline medium, adjusting the pH value with an aqueous solution of ammonia at a temperature of 30 to 60°C. The influence of reaction conditions on the synthesis

AbstractApplication of advanced nanotechnologies is one of the main ways to increase crop yields in order to meet the growing global demand for food. This paper investigates the effect of Fe and Zn nanoparticles (NPs) on seed germination and growth of spring wheat seedlings (T. aestivum L.) of the Zlata cultivar, as well as leaf anatomical changes, yield, grain quality, and microelement composition

AbstractAn electrodynamic model of the redox sorption of oxygen from water on metal-ion-exchange nanocomposites’ (NCs) granular layers is proposed. It features a simultaneous description of the oxygen reduction process along the electrochemical and chemical routes. Due to the inhomogeneous oxidation of metal nanoparticles by oxygen, the granular layer of the NC ohmic resistance, which varies in height

Abstract—Spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetry, IR spectroscopy, quasi-dark-field and fluorescence microscopy were used to investigate the conditions for penetration of the heterocyclic antitumor antibiotic actinomycin D (AMD) and its fluorescent derivative 7-amino-actinomycin D (7AAMD) into T cells (thymocytes) from the thymus of young rats. It has been shown that AMD and 7AAMD penetrate poorly into

Abstract—Using the colloidal method, and lipoic acid as a stabilizer, ultrasmall gold nanoparticles with an average size of 2.5 nm were synthesized. They are highly stable, have COOH functional groups, at concentrations lower than 100 μg/mL are non-cytotoxic, and the synthesis route is simple and economical. UV–Vis, FT-IR, Raman, and TEM spectroscopy were used to analyze their stability, composition

AbstractThe experimental study results of synthesizing molybdenum carbide in a plasma of a direct-current arc discharge by the vacuum-free method are presented. The influence of the current amplitude of the discharge circuit on the phase composition of the synthesis product is established. The synthesis product contains a microdimensional component and a nanosized one. The scanning electron microscopy

Abstract—PtCuAu/C catalysts with different structures were obtained by the method of joint reduction of metal precursors and by the method of galvanic replacement. According to the results of a comparative study of the catalytic activity in the methanol oxidation reaction, a positive effect of gold atoms in the composition of trimetallic nanoparticles is shown, regardless of the synthesis method. The

AbstractThe creation of implantable devices that support the functioning of the body is an important area in the field of medical technology. Many of these devices require a power supply, and it is desirable that such sources work during the entire period of implantation, even in the case of a lifelong implant installation. The published data on energy sources for powering implantable and wearable

AbstractThe prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganism strains requires us to search for new antibacterial medicines. The study of the antibacterial effect of metal nanoparticles is mostly dedicated to ultradispersed silver and copper powders, while the antimicrobial activity of nickel nanoparticles is under researched. There are a number of studies suggesting a correlation between metal nanoparticles’

AbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the regulation of Germination and Seedling Parameters of Bitter Vetch (Vicia ervilia L.) Plants under Salinity stress (NaCl). Experimental salinity was controlled in terms of dS/m at levels of 0 (control), 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 dS/m. Different concentrations of AgNPs (0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm)

AbstractCobalt(II) salts are synthesized from saturated monocarboxylic acids: formic, butyric, valerianic, caproic, enanthic, and caprylic acids. The resulting compounds are characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. As a result of the thermal decomposition of the synthesized carboxylates and cobalt acetate, cobalt-containing nanocomposites

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of one-step synthesis of a magnetic nanocomposite based on hydroxyapatite and iron oxide using the modified stoichiometric titration method. The possibility is shown of modifying the proposed method for one-step synthesis of the magnetic nanocomposite containing bioactive compound (BAC) from a 2-arylaminopyrimidine series. The composition, morphology, structure

AbstractIn this paper, we report the experimental results of the effect of the initial buffer layer on the substrate surface and the process medium on the possibility and features of the formation of Si1 – xGex nanoclusters (Si, Ge, and SiGe). We proposed a mechanism for the formation of silicon, germanium, and silicon–germanium nanoclusters on buffer layers of amorphous silicon, silicon nitride, and

AbstractThe results of studies on fast-neutron detectors application of homoepitaxial Me–p––p+ structures are reported. Epitaxial boron doped (NA = (4–8) × 1014 cm–3) layers 65 μm thick were grown on highly boron doped HPHT diamond plates by CVD. The Schottky contact on epitaxial layer with 17 mm2 area was fabricated by 30 nm Pt deposition. The Ti(30 nm)/Pt(30 nm)/Au(50 nm) metallization scheme was

Abstract—Highly ordered films from individual TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) with controlled geometric characteristics were obtained by potentiostatic anodization of titanium in an electrochemical cell with flow-through circulation of the solution and a cooling system for it placed outside the cell at a temperature of 25 ± 0.5°C. The study shows how a wide concentration range of water (0–15%) and ammonium fluoride

AbstractPalladium nanoparticles have been synthesized in an aqueous medium by ultraviolet irradiation using complex palladium oxalate as a precursor. The samples were studied by various laboratory methods, including transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy with

AbstractThe areas of silver nanoparticle (NPs) application in agriculture are considered in the present paper. Publications dedicated to the use of silver NP compounds as feed components and drugs for farm animals are reviewed. The main directions of nanosilver introduction into the practice of cultivated plant protection and growing are considered. The authors present the major results of their own

AbstractWe used time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to study changes in the composition of the plasma membranes of human fetal fibroblasts under the action of nanosized anions of silicon molybdic acid. The dependences of the mass spectra of the main lipids of the plasma membranes on the silicon molybdate concentration were measured and interpreted; the dependences correlate with

AbstractThe preparation of hydro- and aerogels based on reduced graphite oxide and gold nanoparticles obtained by the method of Turkevich is described. According to the transmission electron microscopy data, gold nanoparticles have a spherical shape and an average size of 16‒18 nm. Sorption of methylene blue dye from water solutions was used to characterize the obtained 3D structures. The sorption

Abstract—A method is proposed for calculating the optical resonance properties of metal–dielectric core–shell nanoparticles with an arbitrary number of layers in the shell. A formula is calculated for a particle with a single-layer shell, which confirms the well-known experimental and theoretical result. A formula is derived that relates the polarizability of a particle and its optical properties for

AbstractThe carbon nanotube efficiency index in a nanocomposite is introduced as the ratio of the load carried by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at a given average deformation of a matrix to the maximum possible load that can be transferred to the nanotubes at this deformation. The best published results on polymer strengthening with an assessment of CNT efficiency are reviewed. Analysis of the data in publications

Abstract—We study structural models of molecular quantum conductors, the transport properties of which can be effectively controlled by modified interference-based tunneling transmission through the electric field of the gate.

Abstract—The article describes a method of generating bioactive alkali metal iodide aerosol particles with glycerin for inhalation; the particles have a diameter of d ≈ 0.03–3 µm and a mass productivity of m = 10–200 µg/s. A delivery device has been created.