High-k metal gate technology improves the performance and reduces the gate leakage current of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). This study investigated four different work function metal (WFM) stacks in the gate of fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) on the same substrate. These devices not only successfully produced distinct levels of threshold voltages (|V t |) but

In the paper we propose a reconfigurable graphene-based Spiking Neural Network (SNN) architecture and a training methodology for initial synaptic weight values determination. The proposed graphene-based platform is flexible, comprising a programmable synaptic array which can be configured for different initial synaptic weights and plasticity functionalities and a spiking neuronal array, onto which

Although inflammation is considered an important factor for promoting carcinogenesis, further evidence is still needed to draw definitive conclusions on its role in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. This study characterized the radius, specific membrane capacitance (SMC), and Youngs modulus of 20 patient-derived prostate cells, including 6 patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Van der Waals p-n heterojunctions, consist of atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) layer semiconductors, have opened a promising avenue for the realization of ultrathin and ultralight photovoltaic solar cells. This feature enables them particularly be suitable as the micro/nanoscale solar energy-conversion units integrated in wireless power supply micro/nano-systems. However, solar energy harvest in

The physical unclonable function (PUF) is a promising low-cost hardware security primitive. Recent advances in nanotechnology have provided new opportunities for nanoscale PUF circuits. The resistive random access memory (RRAM) is extensively used in nanoscale circuits due to its low cost, non-volatility and easy integration with CMOS. This paper proposes a novel tristate hybrid PUF (TH-PUF) design

We investigated a high electron mobility Ge FinFET fabricated by defect-free and roughness-free atomic layer neutral beam etching (NBE) compared with one fabricated by conventional plasma etching (PE). The etching interface roughness and defect were estimated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In the case of using atomic layer defect-free NBE, the root-mean-square roughness

Microrobots are promising tools for applications that require micromanipulation, such as single-cell manipulation and surgery, tissue engineering, and desktop manufacturing. This paper briefly reviews common microrobot actuation mechanisms, then reviews current progress in several capabilities that are desirable for micromanipulation, with an emphasis on optothermal microrobots.

A semi-empirical model was applied to estimate the frequency shift of a shear-horizontal surface-acoustic-wave (SH-SAW) biosensor for detecting a disease-related biomarker antigen transferrin receptor (CD71) in the sample. In the simulation to investigate its sensitivity, a shift of the SH-SAW resonant frequency occurred by applying an incremental surface mass density change on the surface. The semi-empirical

Breast cancer ranks among the most common cancers worldwide and can be lethal when not diagnosed early due to the high probability of metastasis. Herein a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based capacitive nano-biosensor was developed to quickly and accurately quantify the concentration of an early-stage breast cancer diagnostic marker, microRNA-195, in blood. The microRNA probe was immobilized

Two-terminal (2-T) thyristor random access memory (TRAM) based on nanoscale cross-point vertical array is investigated in terms of lengths and doping concentrations of storage regions for long data retention time ( T ret ). For high device scalability and low program voltage ( V P ), lengths of the storage regions are determined by the sum of depletion widths of N- and P-storage regions. When doping

To fully unleash the potential of graphene-based devices for neuromorphic computing, we propose a graphene synapse and a graphene neuron that form together a basic Spiking Neural Network (SNN) unit, which can potentially be utilized to implement complex SNNs. Specifically, the proposed synapse enables two fundamental synaptic functionalities, i.e., Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) and Long-Term

Signal synchronization of large scale Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) circuits is one of the most complex QCA design challenges. More specifically, the QCA circuits synchronization problem, especially in the large circuits, is characterized as rather complex due to technology constraints. In this paper, by extensively analyzing the most important properties of the signal synchronization problem

Physical unclonable function (PUF) is a lightweight security primitive for energy constrained digital systems. As an enhanced design of conventional ring oscillator (RO) PUFs, configurable ring oscillator (CRO) PUFs improve the uniqueness and reliability compared with the conventional RO PUF designs. In typical CRO PUF designs, multiplexers (MUXs) are utilized as configurable components. In this paper

Bimetallic nanoparticles comprised of iron and nickel were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated to optimize the ideal metal ratio for azo dye removal from water systems. Results show that changing the molar ratio of nickel to iron caused different removal rates, as well as the extent of overall elimination of azo dye from water. Lower molar ratios, from Ni 1 Fe 10 to Ni 2.5 Fe 10 , exhibited a

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of a diamond film on a non-diamond substrate begins with the insertion of diamond seeds or the formation of diamond nuclei on the substrate. For the deposition of a smooth, large-area and pin-hole free diamond film that adheres well to the substrate, diamond seeds or nuclei need to be of high density, uniformly distributed and adhere well to the substrate. Diamond seeding

In this paper, using device simulations, we investigate electrical characteristics of a tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) in which band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) occurs dominantly within the channel, rather than at source-channel junction. The within-channel BTBT is enabled by sharp band-bending induced by the dual material gate (DMG). The work-functions of two metal gates are chosen, such that

We report an efficient room temperature photon source at 1320 nm telecommunication wavelength from nanostructured silicon surface. The activation of this light source was realized by treating the surface of Si wafer by vapor of heavy water (D 2 O) containing a mixture of hydrofluoric and nitric acids. Treatment without deuterium generates an intense light emission band at the band-edge of Si, while

Harvesting energy from human body motions is an appropriate option as an assistant or even subversive way for powering the booming wearable electronics, in which smart textiles are important components. Here, we fabricate a robust power textile with working mechanism of triboelectrification effect and electrostatic induction effect by simply integrating the normal textiles and polydimethylsiloxane

Multiple valued logic (MVL) can represent an exponentially higher number of data/information compared to the binary logic for the same number of logic bits. Compared to the conventional and other emerging device technologies, Graphene Nano Ribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET) appears to be very promising for designing MVL logic gates and arithmetic circuits due to some exceptional electrical properties

Motion monitoring by flexible strain or pressure sensors have been under spotlight in the field of wearable electronics. Based on triboelectric effect, generated energy from body contact and compression during daily movement can be used for both reflecting motion status and energy recollection. Here, we report a stretchable pressure sensor based on triboelectric effect and dots-distributed metallic

Microsphere-assisted nanoscopy has shown great potential in recent developments in the field of super-resolution imaging. The precise control of microspheres is leading to new discoveries that can help verify the theories behind the super-resolution imaging mechanism. However, microsphere imaging involves multiple planes that have different magnification factors, which affect the determination of the

The search for a binary switch that is more energy-efficient than a transistor has led to many ideas, notable among which is the notion of using a nanomagnet with two stable magnetization orientations that will encode the binary bits 0 and 1. The nanomagnet is switched between them with electrically generated mechanical strain. A tiny amount of voltage is required for switching, with energy dissipation

An atmospheric pressure plasma based printer is described as an alternative to conventional techniques including inkjet printing. The approach is demonstrated to be capable of printing various nanomaterials, and adjusting the plasma parameters, carrier gas flows and the physical parameters of the inks or nanomaterial suspensions can optimize the print quality. Raman analysis was used to characterize

This work comprises of design and simulation of multi-channel line tunnel field-effect transistors (mCLTFETs) by scaling inter-gate separation (IGS) and overlapped source ( LOV ). The scope of the work is to explore the performance boost and optimization of the studied devices by considering geometrical structures, low-bandgap materials, IGS and LOV of the mCLTFETs. The structure is designed without

Cytokines are multifunctional chemical messengers produced in response to stimuli for regulating the innate and adaptive immune systems. Rapid detection of cytokines in physiological fluids will enable precision management of diseases, such as dry eye, postoperative infections, graft versus host reactions in organ transplant, and cancer. In this study, we present a portable electrochemical biosensor

Commercially available, chemical vapor deposition grown, graphene has been used to realize voltage-gate tunable, microwave power detectors. Corbino disc structures with chrome/gold contacts have been fabricated on top of graphene deposited on P-type silicon substrates with silicon dioxide gate oxides. Devices of varying sizes were used to detect a 433.92 MHz signal. These test structures exhibited

We demonstrate graphene-on-diamond field effect transistor (FET) actions modulated by optically excited charge state of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. Palladium (Pd) metal contacts on graphene serve as the source and the drain. Negative charge state NV - center in diamond serves as the gate with diamond being the gate dielectric and produces an electric field to enhance the hole concentration

The rapid development of untethered micro/nanorobots enables them to be applied in biomedical tasks, such as targeted delivery, localized diagnostics, and minimally invasive surgery. However, many challenges remain before applying these tiny machines to perform therapeutics and intervention in a living body. Among them, one critical issue is the integration of medical imaging systems with micro/nanorobotics

We fabricated a highly water-repellent quartz nanopillar (NP) structure to investigate the effect of varying the contact angle (CA) by using 10-nm-order gaps and 10-nm-diameter NPs. Gaps from 15 to 30 nm led to CAs of more than 100°, showing hydrophobicity, to a maximum of 105°. The mechanism of repelling water on quartz could be explained by the Cassie-Baxter model with a filling factor. A gap of

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