The effect of chemical pre-treatment on identification and semi-quantification of clay minerals by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was studied in soils (0–15 cm) collected from four ongoing long-term (31 years) experiments located at Ludhiana (Inceptisol), Jabalpur (Vertisol), Pantnagar (Mollisol) and Ranchi (Alfisol) under five treatments with different combinations of organic and inorganic nutrient

Part of West Bengal, an eastern state of India, was severely affected by a super cyclone Amphan (or Umpun) on May 20, 2020, during 14:30 to 11:00 h IST with a wind speed of 155–160 km/hr and heavy rainfall. During the most intense event, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data were collected using a compact GNSS module from a location situated extremely close to the cyclone eye path. Severe

Feeding ecology of Glaucostegus cf. granulatus was investigated based on the samples collected from the inshore coastal waters of eastern Arabian Sea. Teleost contributed significantly to the diet (46.9%) followed by crustaceans (44.6%). The trophic level was estimated to be 3.9 indicating the species as a secondary consumer. The species is a generalist feeder and have a broader niche as indicated

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a virtually non-destructive technique, which is being used to identify all elements of the periodic table simultaneously. Our aim in the present work is to find out the elemental constituents, including toxic elements present in the tendu leaf. Spectral lines of organic elements H, C, N, O and inorganic elements Na, Mg, Al, Ca, K, Si, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ba, Sb

A nutritious diet is required to live a healthy and disease free life and to maintain it information about the biochemical and elemental composition of the diet is very crucial. For this, such techniques are required that have the potential of rapid characterization of biochemical and elements involving simple and easy procedural steps without the involvement of highly trained manpower. Therefore,

A high performance and energy-efficient 1-bit full adder (FA) circuit is proposed. For circuit validation, Cadence simulation is performed on the proposed and conventional FAs using 45 nm CMOS process technology. The proposed circuit achieves 19.68–65.33% saving in energy and 22.80–85.44% reduction in energy delay product (EDP) when compared to other reported adders. Monte Carlo simulation reveals

The world of trading and market has evolved greatly. With the aid of technology, traders and trading establishments use trading platforms to perform various transactions. They are able to utilize several effective algorithms to analyse the market data and identify the key points required to carry out a successful trading operation. High-frequency trading (HFT) platforms are capable of such operations

The study on integrated farming system (IFS) was conducted during 2011–2017 at Agricultural Research Station, Kovilpatti, to find out economic viability of IFS model by changing in crop(s) or cropping system and integrating different livestock enterprises. The IFS model consisted of five crops or cropping systems, viz. sorghum (K-8) + cowpea (Co-7) (1:1) (0.40 ha), maize [CoH (m)-6] + greengram (Co-6)

The present experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum) on growth and body composition of common carp. The experiment was conducted in fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks (1.5 × 1.0x0.75 m), consisted of 5 treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) with 3 replicates each for 120 days. Probiotic bacterial strain L. plantarum FLB1

Spatial data consist of spatial attributes describing the topology of the object and non-spatial attributes carrying information on the behavioral aspects of the object. This object is termed as a spatial outlier if its non-spatial attributes are significantly different from those in its spatial neighborhood. Here, a robust algorithm based on the Comedian approach is proposed for the detection of spatial

Akin to classical taxonomy (based on comparative morphology), investigations on cytology of biological species related to chromosome studies are getting into oblivion and considered low priority, an expertise that is fast waning for everyone riding bandwagon in the era of molecular biology.

Crop insurance is an important policy instrument to shield farmers from risks in farming and it is even more important in the present context, when the climate change led crop losses are on the rise. Unfortunately, only 28% of the gross cropped area in India is under insurance coverage despite of highly subsidized insurance package under the flagship program of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana . In

Two species, viz., Euprotomus bulla (Röding, 1798) and Tridentarius dentatus (Linnaeus, 1758) belonging to the family Strombidae are reported for the first time from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The close similarity in the morphological character sets between Euprotomous bulla and Euprotomous aurisdianae may be a reason for overlooking the former species by early workers. We have defined

India, the world's largest producer and exporter of turmeric accounts for about 80% of global production. With the exports recorded at US 236 million dollars in 2018, turmeric has rightly been called as Indian Gold. It is cultivated in many states including Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, West Bengal and Assam. However, the yields are low and can be increased by agricultural research. Also, to

Information overload is a major problem for many internet users which occurs due to overwhelming amounts of data made available to a user. In order to deal with this problem filtering tool, like Recommender System is required for providing relevant information for the users which personalizes the search according to user preferences. The Collaborative Filtering Recommender System finds the nearest

Manufacturing industries are aiming to reduce weight of the products at uncompromised structural performance. Topology optimization is a reliable technique to achieve the improved topologies at minimum material utilization. Nature is known as best manufacturer to bring complex structures with the existed materials. The present research is aimed to identify the constructal design patterns that existed

Non-local means (NLM) filter denoises image with edge preservation. This paper puts forward an improvement in NLM filter by better evaluating true intensity value and retaining edges using genetic algorithm (GA). For proper establishment, empirical analysis is given that demonstrates why the proposed filter excels NLM. Some important results are given to analyse the advantage of proposed algorithm

In this letter, support vector regression (SVR)- and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)-based controllers are implemented for position control of a three-phase permanent magnet brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor. The performance of proposed control schemes is compared with the conventional PI controller for different angular positions of the rotor. The simulation results show the effectiveness

Existence of cytomixis and associated meiotic anomalies, their effect on pollen viability/size and factors influencing cytomixis have been described in many species but not in Mentha longifolia. Presently, meiotic analysis of four M. longifolia populations from varying altitudes of Jammu Province (Jammu and Kashmir, India) revealed cytomixis between 16.67 and 19.31% pollen mother cells (PMCs) in three

Fungal endophytes of Plectranthus amboinicus L. were explored for their antifungal activity against phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and plant-growth-enhancing traits. Fungal isolates were genotyped using the ITS-rDNA regions. Chaetomium subglobosum exhibited the highest mycelial growth inhibition of 80% against phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in dual-culture bioassay carried out in czapek

Let R be a finite commutative ring with identity. The co-maximal graph \(\varGamma (R)\) is a graph with vertices as elements of R, where two distinct vertices a and b are adjacent if and only if \(Ra+Rb = R\). Also, \(\varGamma _{2}(R)\) is the subgraph of \(\varGamma (R)\) induced by non-unit elements and \(\varGamma _{2}^{\prime }(R) = \varGamma _{2}(R){\setminus } J(R)\) where J(R) is Jacobson

Fifth generation wireless communication system is implemented by several mobile companies where important technologies are employed such as the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO). Although it improves the spectrum and energy efficiencies, it is not a trivial to propose an efficient detector for massive MIMO systems because a large number of antennas increases the computational complexity

Long-distance migration across the large landscapes is an important ecological process in wild elephants, which enable them to search new feeding grounds and resources, altering the forest ecosystem and biodiversity, strengthening the gene flow among the populations and to sustain in a changing environment. However, in the recent past a long chain of the forest from where elephant used to perform such

The present report extends the distributional range of rare venerid clam, Pelecyora katiawarensis (Fischer-Piette & Métivier, 1971) to Dhamara estuary, Odisha as well as east coast of India, and the literature suggests that it is third report in the world. This species is only reported from Cochin port, Kerala and its holotype locality, Katiawar (Gujarat) and no evidence of availability elsewhere.

The sigmoid activation function is widely used in the development of neural networks. It is implemented in hardware development using an approximation scheme. In this paper, a piecewise linear (PWL) approximation scheme is developed as an accuracy controlled recursive algorithm. It uses a maximum allowable error as an input parameter and the least square method for finding the PWL function. The algorithm’s

The effective pollination period (EPP) was studied in three litchi cultivars. viz. Shahi, China and Bedana, with the objective of evaluating the best time of pollination for all cultivars involved in hybridization. The pollen grains of the previous season stored at low temperature (−20 °C) along with fresh pollen grains collected during the current season were used in the present study for pollination

The present study was undertaken to report the ichthyofaunal diversity on spring-fed hill stream Randi Gad from Pauri Garhwal District, Uttarakhand, India. In this work, the author proposed one novel approach, viz. stream order-wise study of distribution and diversity of fish fauna from Garhwal Himalaya, India. A total of 121 fish species including 4, 12 and 22 fish species were collected from first-

P. cirrhifolium, P. multiflorum and P. verticillatum are important medicinal herb of genus Polygonatum found in Himalaya and are used in many ayurvedic formulations including Chyavanprash. However, a comparative account on their biochemical attributes in Himalaya is still lacking. Therefore, the present attempt was made to explore the polyphenolics and antioxidant activity in targeted species. Result

Considering sowing dates and host crop affects population incidence of whitefly in greengram and blackgram, the present study was undertaken with four different dates of sowing at 10-day interval: 24 July, 3 August, 13 August and 23 August 2019 with two varieties of greengram (IPM 205-7 & DGGV 2) and one variety of blackgram (IPU 94-1). Whitefly population varied significantly amongst the crops sown

In this study, a total of five plant-associated Proteus mirabilis were isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) plant and screened for plant growth-promoting (PGP) and antagonistic traits. The results revealed that all the isolates showed production of siderophore, and none of the isolates showed positive for hydrogen cyanide and lipase. Further, the antagonistic study of all isolates showed

In the present paper, we have shown that any component \( S_{{{\hat{\mathbf{n}}}}} = {\mathbf{S}} \cdot {\hat{\mathbf{n}}} \) of atomic spin operator \( {\mathbf{S}} \) along unit vector \( {\hat{\mathbf{n}}} \) except transverse spin component is squeezed for spin coherent state \( \left| {S,S ,{\hat{\mathbf{n}}}_{ 0} } \right\rangle \) for given unit vector \( {\hat{\mathbf{n}}}_{0} \), defined by

Applications such as image, audio, and video processing are tolerant to certain amounts of error. This tolerance/resiliency can be exploited to construct approximate circuits with improved design parameters such as area, power, and delay. This paper presents a high-speed yet energy-efficient approximate multiplier for low-power applications. In the proposed scheme, the operands are divided into accurate

This paper has dealt with the mitigation effect of cross-phase modulation (XPM) which is a nonlinear effect of fiber losses. To control the losses, we have used a quantum dot vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifier with vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifier as hybrid optical amplifier (HOA). Further, an analysis of 560 channels with a data rate of 40 Gbps has been done to achieve

The present investigation was aimed to study the antimicrobial profile of Clostridium perfringens isolates in fish samples against 10 commonly used antibiotics. A total of 120 fish samples (60 each of Cyprinus carpio var. communis and Schizothorax niger) caught from different sites of the Dal Lake, Srinagar, India. Using species-specific 16S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction amplification, 37 (30

The weblog data have unstructured data, and due to this extraction, the desired information from it is a very challenging task. This kind of data is rapidly growing with huge volume. In this paper, the weblog analysis through Pyspark (WAP) algorithm is proposed to analyze the complete weblog dataset and extract useful information from it. In the proposed approach is used Resilient Distributed Dataset

In vitro micropropagation of bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae Ait.), an important commercial ornamental plant, has been studied here. Rhizomes collected from established mother plant were used as explants for establishment of culture on MS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators (PGR), 3% sucrose and gelled with 0.8% agar. Disinfection of explants was carried out with 0.02% mercuric chloride

Semi-equivelar maps are generalizations of Archimedean solids. We classify all the semi-equivelar maps on the surface of Euler Characteristics-2 with vertices up to 12. We calculate their automorphism groups and study their vertex-transitivity.

The objective of the present study was (1) to isolate endophytic bacteria from Ageratum conyzoides L. and Mikania micrantha Kunth of shifting cultivation in Mizoram, (2) screen in vitro their potential for plant growth-promoting (PGPR) activities and (3) to identify endophytic bacteria positive for PGPR. A total of 9 endophytic bacteria showed positive for PGPR properties. Potential PGPR endophytic

Clupisoma garua is a medium-sized freshwater catfish with very high market value in Indian sub-continent. Besides immense food value, the fish is also known as a game fish. The fish samples for this study were randomly collected from middle stretch of the river Ganga at Allahabad during July 2014–June 2015. The size composition of the samples varied from 135 to 446 mm. The maximum exploitation was

Leaf spot disease caused by several phytopathogenic fungi is the most common problem in the solanaceous crops. A total of 36 leaf-spot-associated fungal species were isolated from brinjal, tomato, and chilli crops, which were identified by rDNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. These fungal species belonged to eight genera (Aspergillus spp, Alternaria spp, Sarocladium spp, Nigrospora

Temporal lobe is known to perform vital role in visual discrimination and identification of objects. Cresyl violet and Golgi studies of temporal region of Indian gray mongoose revealed diversity of neurons dispersed in six layers of the region. Pyramidal neurons were observed to outnumber the other four types of neurons in the temporal region supporting the specialization of this brain region as compared

The variations in essential oil yield and composition of Cymbopogon flexuosus var. GRL-1 were compared with respect to four different harvesting regimes in monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate of north India. The essential oil yield was found to vary from 0.65 to 0.75% during different harvesting mode. GC and GC–MS analysis revealed 28 constituents comprising 93.0–99.7% of total compositions

A 21-Day ‘Level-2’ capacity building program on Geospatial Technologies was organized during 09.01.2020 to 29.01.2020 as 4th Winter School Program-2020 in the Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal. The program was sponsored by the Natural Resources Data Management System division of the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. The theme of the

Deficiency of micronutrients imposes heavy yield losses in crop production in India. The On-Farm Trail (OFT) was conducted at farmer’s field to assess the effect of B and Zn on the yield and attributing characters of cauliflower. Among the three treatments (second treatment, T2), application of 15 kg borax and 25 kg zinc sulfate per hectare resulted in significant yield of 308 q ha−1 and was economical

In this article, an optimal parallel algorithm is suggested for fast computation of a crucial yet fundamental numerical problem in science named ‘prefix sum’ on a popular three-dimensional torus network. The proposed parallel algorithm demands total ‘4n + 2’ communication moves for mapping prefix sum problem on odd network sizes of n × n×n three-dimensional torus network, whereas total ‘4n’ communication

A 421 bp fragment of stanniocalcin gene was amplified in rohu (Labeo rohita). The partially characterized stanniocalcin gene of Labeo rohita is 96% homologous to Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous stanniocalcin-like mRNA and 95% to Cyprinus carpio stanniocalcin-like mRNA, respectively. The sequence of partially characterized Stanniocalcin was submitted to GenBank (Accession number MF376164) and at present

The wavelet transform shows a promising solution for a non-stationary signal. The denoising of a noisy speech signal carried with a wavelet thresholding technique. The noisy signal decomposed into different frequency bands, and this decomposition level (DL) decided independent of non-stationary noise. In this letter, a new DL detection procedure presented, and it decides the decomposition level based

Among all the factors affecting evapotranspiration (ET) in arid areas, the land use types of underlying surface play a dominant role. Under the effects of climate change and human activities, there was a significant change of land use and land cover change in China, special at loess plateau. Based on satellite remote sensing data and ground observation data, this study analyzed the influences of four

A pot house experiment was conducted at the Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan (India), to find out relationship among edaphic factors for the development of root rot in ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Results revealed that maximum (30.0%) and minimum (12.0%) plant mortality at 45 days after sowing were observed in infected pot soil of Lalawas village (Chittorgarh district) and Kanad

Channel spectrum capacity is the main demanding issue for dense optical communication to increase more number of channels for increasing the transmission speed with least effect of optical dominating features which have resolved in this current research work for the first time for 80 × 12 dense wavelength optical communication system with power amplification from RAMAN optical fiber amplifiers. Further

This paper first presents novel approximate reverse carry full adder (ARFA) circuits where the weight of the input carry is more than that of the output carry. Using the proposed ARFAs and conventional full adders, new approximate reverse carry propagate adder (ARCAs) architectures are presented where the carry propagates in a counter manner. The proposed ARCA provides trade-off in accuracy and performance

The effect of varying boron concentrations on in vivo pollen germination and tube penetration in four different apple cultivar crosses among ‘Golden Delicious,’ ‘Red Delicious,’ ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ was evaluated. Boric acid (H3BO3) with two different concentrations: 1000 and 2000 mg L−1, was sprayed on the foliage long before the onset of flowering. Pollen–pistil interaction vis-à-vis pollen germination

Emex australis Steinh. reportedly a new record for Jammu District (J&K, India) belongs to family Polygonaceae. It is found growing in different habitats of diverse nature such as paddocks, roadsides, railway tracks, old homesteads, fallow lands, barren lands and gardens. In spite of being unaware about the biochemical constituents present in the leaves and roots of the species, many South African and

Flavonoids are ubiquitous plant metabolites with a lot of purported pharmacological properties. Emergence of advanced analytical instrumentations such as liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) has allowed for unparallel elucidation of chemical compositions of various plants. Through such analyses, various chemical modifications such as glycosylation and other forms of isomerization

In this paper, optical fibre Bragg grating (FBG) and no-core fibre (NCF) sensors have been investigated for their performance in the temperature range 30–100 °C. The change in Bragg and NCF wavelengths with temperature changes was used to determine the performance and sensitivity of the sensors. The gradient of Δ \( \lambda_{\text{FBG}} \) and \( \lambda_{\text{NCF}} \) versus temperature leads the

Ozone oxidation for treatment of azo dye solution containing Remazol Black B was examined in the present study. Remazol Black B, as di-azo dye, was chosen owing to high solubility in the aquatic sources as pollutants. The effect of ozone reaction on the removal rate of color was investigated. UV–Vis spectroscopy was used to observe dye degradation. The laboratory-scale batch experiments were performed

A novel human coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an extremely acute respiratory syndrome which was reported in Wuhan, China in the later half 2019. Most of its primary epidemiological aspects are not appropriately known, which has a direct effect on monitoring, practices and controls. The main objective of this work is to propose a high speed, accurate and highly sensitive CT scan approach for diagnosis

A connected, simple graph G with vertex set \(V(G)=\{1,2,\ldots ,n\}\) is said to be vertex (n, k)-choosable, if there exists a collection of subsets \(\left\{ S_k(v)\subseteq V(G): v\in V\right\} \) of cardinality k, such that \(S_k(u)\cap S_k(v)=\emptyset \) for all \(uv\in E(G)\), where k is a positive integer less than n. The maximum value of such k is called the vertex choice number of G. In this

Social networks build and maintain relationships between individuals. Sentiment analysis is important in social network analysis for extracting user’s interest from product preferences based on reviews to determine whether it is positive, negative or neutral review. Moreover, sentiment analysis is used to predict the sentiment of users on specific service or product received by them. In this paper

To improve the trustworthiness to assess the digital images by identifying authentic images and tampered images, this work is focused on Copy-Move based image Forgery Detection (CMFD) and classification using Improved Relevance Vector Machine (IRVM). In this paper, Biorthogonal Wavelet Transform with Singular Value Decomposition (BWT-SVD)-based feature extraction is applied to find the image forgery