The sigmoid activation function is widely used in the development of neural networks. It is implemented in hardware development using an approximation scheme. In this paper, a piecewise linear (PWL) approximation scheme is developed as an accuracy controlled recursive algorithm. It uses a maximum allowable error as an input parameter and the least square method for finding the PWL function. The algorithm’s

The effective pollination period (EPP) was studied in three litchi cultivars. viz. Shahi, China and Bedana, with the objective of evaluating the best time of pollination for all cultivars involved in hybridization. The pollen grains of the previous season stored at low temperature (−20 °C) along with fresh pollen grains collected during the current season were used in the present study for pollination

The present study was undertaken to report the ichthyofaunal diversity on spring-fed hill stream Randi Gad from Pauri Garhwal District, Uttarakhand, India. In this work, the author proposed one novel approach, viz. stream order-wise study of distribution and diversity of fish fauna from Garhwal Himalaya, India. A total of 121 fish species including 4, 12 and 22 fish species were collected from first-

P. cirrhifolium, P. multiflorum and P. verticillatum are important medicinal herb of genus Polygonatum found in Himalaya and are used in many ayurvedic formulations including Chyavanprash. However, a comparative account on their biochemical attributes in Himalaya is still lacking. Therefore, the present attempt was made to explore the polyphenolics and antioxidant activity in targeted species. Result

Considering sowing dates and host crop affects population incidence of whitefly in greengram and blackgram, the present study was undertaken with four different dates of sowing at 10-day interval: 24 July, 3 August, 13 August and 23 August 2019 with two varieties of greengram (IPM 205-7 & DGGV 2) and one variety of blackgram (IPU 94-1). Whitefly population varied significantly amongst the crops sown

In this study, a total of five plant-associated Proteus mirabilis were isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) plant and screened for plant growth-promoting (PGP) and antagonistic traits. The results revealed that all the isolates showed production of siderophore, and none of the isolates showed positive for hydrogen cyanide and lipase. Further, the antagonistic study of all isolates showed

In the present paper, we have shown that any component \( S_{{{\hat{\mathbf{n}}}}} = {\mathbf{S}} \cdot {\hat{\mathbf{n}}} \) of atomic spin operator \( {\mathbf{S}} \) along unit vector \( {\hat{\mathbf{n}}} \) except transverse spin component is squeezed for spin coherent state \( \left| {S,S ,{\hat{\mathbf{n}}}_{ 0} } \right\rangle \) for given unit vector \( {\hat{\mathbf{n}}}_{0} \), defined by

Applications such as image, audio, and video processing are tolerant to certain amounts of error. This tolerance/resiliency can be exploited to construct approximate circuits with improved design parameters such as area, power, and delay. This paper presents a high-speed yet energy-efficient approximate multiplier for low-power applications. In the proposed scheme, the operands are divided into accurate

This paper has dealt with the mitigation effect of cross-phase modulation (XPM) which is a nonlinear effect of fiber losses. To control the losses, we have used a quantum dot vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifier with vertical cavity semiconductor optical amplifier as hybrid optical amplifier (HOA). Further, an analysis of 560 channels with a data rate of 40 Gbps has been done to achieve

The present investigation was aimed to study the antimicrobial profile of Clostridium perfringens isolates in fish samples against 10 commonly used antibiotics. A total of 120 fish samples (60 each of Cyprinus carpio var. communis and Schizothorax niger) caught from different sites of the Dal Lake, Srinagar, India. Using species-specific 16S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction amplification, 37 (30

The weblog data have unstructured data, and due to this extraction, the desired information from it is a very challenging task. This kind of data is rapidly growing with huge volume. In this paper, the weblog analysis through Pyspark (WAP) algorithm is proposed to analyze the complete weblog dataset and extract useful information from it. In the proposed approach is used Resilient Distributed Dataset

Clupisoma garua is a medium-sized freshwater catfish with very high market value in Indian sub-continent. Besides immense food value, the fish is also known as a game fish. The fish samples for this study were randomly collected from middle stretch of the river Ganga at Allahabad during July 2014–June 2015. The size composition of the samples varied from 135 to 446 mm. The maximum exploitation was

Leaf spot disease caused by several phytopathogenic fungi is the most common problem in the solanaceous crops. A total of 36 leaf-spot-associated fungal species were isolated from brinjal, tomato, and chilli crops, which were identified by rDNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region. These fungal species belonged to eight genera (Aspergillus spp, Alternaria spp, Sarocladium spp, Nigrospora

Temporal lobe is known to perform vital role in visual discrimination and identification of objects. Cresyl violet and Golgi studies of temporal region of Indian gray mongoose revealed diversity of neurons dispersed in six layers of the region. Pyramidal neurons were observed to outnumber the other four types of neurons in the temporal region supporting the specialization of this brain region as compared

The variations in essential oil yield and composition of Cymbopogon flexuosus var. GRL-1 were compared with respect to four different harvesting regimes in monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate of north India. The essential oil yield was found to vary from 0.65 to 0.75% during different harvesting mode. GC and GC–MS analysis revealed 28 constituents comprising 93.0–99.7% of total compositions

A 21-Day ‘Level-2’ capacity building program on Geospatial Technologies was organized during 09.01.2020 to 29.01.2020 as 4th Winter School Program-2020 in the Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal. The program was sponsored by the Natural Resources Data Management System division of the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India. The theme of the

Deficiency of micronutrients imposes heavy yield losses in crop production in India. The On-Farm Trail (OFT) was conducted at farmer’s field to assess the effect of B and Zn on the yield and attributing characters of cauliflower. Among the three treatments (second treatment, T2), application of 15 kg borax and 25 kg zinc sulfate per hectare resulted in significant yield of 308 q ha−1 and was economical

In this article, an optimal parallel algorithm is suggested for fast computation of a crucial yet fundamental numerical problem in science named ‘prefix sum’ on a popular three-dimensional torus network. The proposed parallel algorithm demands total ‘4n + 2’ communication moves for mapping prefix sum problem on odd network sizes of n × n×n three-dimensional torus network, whereas total ‘4n’ communication

A 421 bp fragment of stanniocalcin gene was amplified in rohu (Labeo rohita). The partially characterized stanniocalcin gene of Labeo rohita is 96% homologous to Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous stanniocalcin-like mRNA and 95% to Cyprinus carpio stanniocalcin-like mRNA, respectively. The sequence of partially characterized Stanniocalcin was submitted to GenBank (Accession number MF376164) and at present

The wavelet transform shows a promising solution for a non-stationary signal. The denoising of a noisy speech signal carried with a wavelet thresholding technique. The noisy signal decomposed into different frequency bands, and this decomposition level (DL) decided independent of non-stationary noise. In this letter, a new DL detection procedure presented, and it decides the decomposition level based

Among all the factors affecting evapotranspiration (ET) in arid areas, the land use types of underlying surface play a dominant role. Under the effects of climate change and human activities, there was a significant change of land use and land cover change in China, special at loess plateau. Based on satellite remote sensing data and ground observation data, this study analyzed the influences of four

A pot house experiment was conducted at the Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, Rajasthan (India), to find out relationship among edaphic factors for the development of root rot in ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.). Results revealed that maximum (30.0%) and minimum (12.0%) plant mortality at 45 days after sowing were observed in infected pot soil of Lalawas village (Chittorgarh district) and Kanad

Channel spectrum capacity is the main demanding issue for dense optical communication to increase more number of channels for increasing the transmission speed with least effect of optical dominating features which have resolved in this current research work for the first time for 80 × 12 dense wavelength optical communication system with power amplification from RAMAN optical fiber amplifiers. Further

This paper first presents novel approximate reverse carry full adder (ARFA) circuits where the weight of the input carry is more than that of the output carry. Using the proposed ARFAs and conventional full adders, new approximate reverse carry propagate adder (ARCAs) architectures are presented where the carry propagates in a counter manner. The proposed ARCA provides trade-off in accuracy and performance

The effect of varying boron concentrations on in vivo pollen germination and tube penetration in four different apple cultivar crosses among ‘Golden Delicious,’ ‘Red Delicious,’ ‘Gala’ and ‘Fuji’ was evaluated. Boric acid (H3BO3) with two different concentrations: 1000 and 2000 mg L−1, was sprayed on the foliage long before the onset of flowering. Pollen–pistil interaction vis-à-vis pollen germination

Emex australis Steinh. reportedly a new record for Jammu District (J&K, India) belongs to family Polygonaceae. It is found growing in different habitats of diverse nature such as paddocks, roadsides, railway tracks, old homesteads, fallow lands, barren lands and gardens. In spite of being unaware about the biochemical constituents present in the leaves and roots of the species, many South African and

Flavonoids are ubiquitous plant metabolites with a lot of purported pharmacological properties. Emergence of advanced analytical instrumentations such as liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) has allowed for unparallel elucidation of chemical compositions of various plants. Through such analyses, various chemical modifications such as glycosylation and other forms of isomerization

In this paper, optical fibre Bragg grating (FBG) and no-core fibre (NCF) sensors have been investigated for their performance in the temperature range 30–100 °C. The change in Bragg and NCF wavelengths with temperature changes was used to determine the performance and sensitivity of the sensors. The gradient of Δ \( \lambda_{\text{FBG}} \) and \( \lambda_{\text{NCF}} \) versus temperature leads the

Nagpur mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), considered as one of the major commercial fruit crops, is grown in hot, dry and sub-humid bioclimatic region of Central India. Area under this cash crop is highest in the state Maharashtra, but low productivity as compared to other citrus-growing states of India is of a major concern. Information regarding the productive suitable areas for this crop cultivation

Harvesting of flowers of Crocus sativus L. at optimum time is a very crucial step in the agribusiness of the species. Therefore, the flower phenology with respect to temperature and light intensity needs to be understood properly. In this regard, a strong correlation between atmospheric temperature and floral phenology whereas no linear correlation between floral phenology and light intensity are worked

In this paper, we propose a recurrence relation and integral representation of the \(_pR_q(\alpha ,\beta ;z)\) function.

Internet of Things (IoT) has provided a new horizon to explore numerous application deployment in the pervasive domain. However, due to power, delay and centralized issues of existing IoT-cloud scenario, novel interventions are getting outperformed in many ways. Edge computing has come up with new aspect to mainly minimize the packet transmission delay between the end user device to the remote cloud

This short note reports about the occurrence of Fowlea sanctijohannis Boulenger, 1890 in the State of Uttarakhand, North India. Species has been recorded from the Lansdowne Forest Division, which falls under the tropical dry deciduous forest type. Based on the morphological characters and quite a few available records; ecological data and taxonomic status has been illustrated. The species was earlier

Low oxygen concentration is a common feature occurring in a wide range of aquatic systems and in varied ranges depending upon temporal frequency, seasonality and persistence of a place. There have always been naturally occurring low oxygen condition in freshwaters of tropical countries like India. Moreover, anthropogenic activities, related primarily to organic and nutrient enrichment, have led to

The present study confirmed the occurrences of Walton’s mudskipper Periophthalmus waltoni Koumans 1941 under the family Gobiidae as the first kind of record from the estuarine region of river Narmada of Gujarat, India. A total of 21 specimens were collected with the size ranging from 124 to 145 mm and from 10.7 to 26.2 g, respectively, from Jageshwar fishing sites during the monsoon period (July–September

Small and large disturbances in power system may sometimes lead to sustained oscillation in three-phase power, often termed as ‘power swing’ in the literature. Power swing is a balanced phenomenon and may be indistinguishable from a three-phase fault. Transmission lines being protected by distance relays may be incorrectly de-energized because of a power swing. So, three-phase faults should be discriminated

India is listed in the top five electronic waste generation in the world. There is a severe threat to the environment and public health due to End-of-Life (EoL) Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) disposal without proper safety measurements. Most of the instances, at the EoL, WEEE is thrown into public dustbins; this unsafe disposal is due to lack of appropriate disassembly plan of products

The search for new herbal-based immune-pharmacological agents for the treatment of several infectious diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and protozoa, such as leishmaniasis, has led to the investigation of natural products and their main components from different plants species. Currently available antileishmanial drugs are limited, and resistance is common in clinical field isolates. So there is

The root microbiome, endophytes in particular, plays a crucial role in functioning of the host plant. These microorganisms, as a consortium, can be used as a part of the propagation protocol for producing healthy plants. Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana Zucc.) is an important medicinal plant species, mainly due to its known anticancer property. This species is listed in IUCN red list of threatened

Driver’s drowsiness is one of the main reasons for road accidents which lead to several fatalities every year. Statistics highlights the necessity of a drowsiness detection system that could possibly alert the co-passengers and driver before an accident would occur. Some automobile manufacturers have implemented drowsiness detection systems in their cars that work based on the vehicle movement, angle

The article deals with the study on impact on raise of environmental pollution and occurrence in biological populations by presenting a mathematical model relating to incomplete H-function. The results proven in this paper are common in mathematical sciences and show various cases of interest on relevant conditions of parameters involved therein.

Price forecasting of agricultural commodities plays an important role in efficient planning and formulation of executive decisions. In this study, an attempt has been made to apply autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) model to the daily all India maximum, minimum and modal wholesale price data of rice in order to capture the observed long-run persistency. The price series

A partial mycoheterotrophic orchid Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl. is collected for the first time from Darhal forests in district Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). The species was seen growing on the decomposed litter on ground in the deciduous oak forest between 900 and 1800 m above msl. The species is processed for herbarium deposition as per the standard protocols and preserved in the Herbarium cum

The present study compared the shade adapting traits among the two gynodioecious papaya varieties Arka Surya and Arka Prabhath intercropped in coconut garden. Morphological traits such as internodal length, leaf traits (area, colour attributes, fresh and dry weight), fruit number, fruit weight and yield were analysed. Correlations and step-wise regression equations were used to infer the relationship

Buchanania lanzan gum commonly known as char, achar, piyar and chironji is a naturally occurring water-soluble, edible polysaccharide derived from the bark of Buchanania lanzan Spreng. Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized using Buchanania lanzan gum exudates adopting green synthesis methodology and characterized by UV–Vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential and particle size

Records, irrespective of their nature (whether electronic or paper-based), are vulnerable to fraud. People's hard-earned money, their personal information, identity, and health are at a higher risk than ever due to the misuse of technology in doing forgery. However, the technology can also be used as an answer to counteracting against fraudulence prevalent in affairs from every walk of life. This short

This paper is being written to provide a source of reference for the research scholars who want to work in the area of prediction of thyroid disease. From the different machine learning techniques, compared widely used three algorithms namely logistic regression, decision trees and k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithms to predict and evaluate their performance in terms of accuracy. This study has represented

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 was awarded jointly to Arthur Ashkin, Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland for giving new beam of light in the field of laser physics. Unravelling new mechanical properties of biological molecule has made an interdisciplinary approach with physics creating significant insight into solving devil diseases.

In this communication, we report range extension and persistent movement of the vulnerable leopard (Panthera pardus) towards the Thar Desert, west of its established range from 2010 to 2018. Our study documents 14 cases of the presence of male leopards in five districts and 55.7–413.7 km away from the known distribution limit. The species movement could be due to lower competition, food and water availability

A strong edge-coloring of a graph G is a proper edge-coloring such that every color class induces a matching. In this paper, we discuss the strong chromatic index of a cycle on k vertices and use the result to calculate the strong chromatic index of (m,n)k-gon snake graphs which generalize the families of graphs referred to as the (m,n) triangle snake graphs and (m,n) quadrilateral snake graphs.

The Indian frogfish distributed from East Africa and the Persian Gulf east to India and Sri Lanka is a truly marine species. Frogfish of the family Antennariidae is distinguished by the presence of three well-developed dorsal spines, laterally-directed eyes, largemouth and laterally compressed body. There are no reports of the occurrence of frogfishes in river Narmada. The present study confirms the

Three uncommon fishes, viz. porcupine whipray, Urogymnus asperrimus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Shaggy angler, Antennarius hispidus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), and barless cardinalfish, Taeniamia ataenia (Randall & Satapoomin, 1999), are reported herein as first records from the Andaman Islands. The former two are hitherto not reported from the Islands, while the latter was found to be a new record for

Nobel committee has awarded William G. Kaelin, Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza Nobel Prize in Medicine this year for their remarkable discoveries in how cell sense low level of oxygen and rapidly adapts to the changing environment. Hypoxia is often considered to be the main regulator of cancer, since it promotes metabolic changes of the cell. Inhibition of signal transduction pathway

A signed graph\(S=(S^u,\sigma )\) consists of an underlying graph \(S^u\) and a function \(\sigma :E(S^u)\longrightarrow \{+,-\}\). For a graph G, its lict graph written as \(L_c(G)\) is the intersection graph \(\varOmega (E(G)\cup C(G))\). For a signed graph S, its line-cutsigned graph (in short called lict signed graph) is denoted by \(L_c(S)\) has underlying graph \(L_c(S^u)\) and two vertices u

We categorized chickpea nodules based on their size (mm) [large (> 7), medium (2–7), small (< 2)] and position on roots (primary or lateral) to derive relations between nodule categories and plant growth attributes. Large-sized nodules (LSN) were mostly developed on primary roots (83%), where medium-sized nodules (MSN) were observed both on primary and lateral roots, and small-sized nodules (SSN) were

In this paper, by using the theory of wavelet convolution associated with Fourier convolution, operational properties are discussed on wavelet transform of \(S_{\omega }({\mathbb {R}}), {\mathcal {D}}_{\omega }({\mathbb {R}})\) and \({\mathcal {M}}_{c}\) spaces. Further, Calderón’s formula is investigated for \({\mathcal {W}}_{M, a}\) space.

In this paper, it is shown that an extension of the formulas used to calculate the parameters of the one-dimensional canonical piecewise-linear model leads to a generalized methodology which can be also applicable to two dimensions. The proposal is based on an approach by which a two-dimensional function is reconstructed by the collection of parallel projections of one-dimensional functions. In order

An intense trade-off arises between testing, hardware and speed of electronic circuits. An efficient design for testability methodology for the detection of stuck-at faults in reversible circuits is presented in this paper by exploiting the properties of Toffoli and Fredkin gates. An (\(n+1\)) dimensional general test set depicted in the paper is found complete for the detection of single and multiple

The study assesses noise hazards in agri-based industrial workplaces in Punjab state of India. Guidelines of Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety were employed to generate the primary data on noise survey. Potential noise hazardous areas within 40 agri-based industrial units (flour units/wheat milling units) were identified through constructing the contour map. A layout mentioning the

Level shifters (LSs) are used to interface with different voltage domains. In this work, a voltage LS is presented for different ranges of input–output voltage conversion. This design presents a high-speed, energy-efficient and robust dual-supply level converter based on multi-threshold carbon nanotube FETs (CNTFETs). The chirality of CNTs is suitably chosen to adjust the threshold voltage of CNTFETs