New type dispiroindolinones, dispiroimidazolidine-4,3′-pyrrolidine-2′,3″-indolinones unsubstituted at position 4′ of the central pyrrolidine ring, were synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides, generated from N-alkyl-substituted amino acids and isatines, to 5-methylidene-substituted 3-phenylhydantoin.

Reactions of various phosphorylthioformic acid morpholides with hydrazine afford phosphorylthioformhydrazides. The latter react under mild conditions with N, N′-carbonyldiimidazole to form novel 5-phosphoryl-1,3,4(3H)-thiadiazol-2-ones.

Sodium benzeneselenolate adds regio- and stereoselectively to 3-(trimethylsilyl)prop-2-yn-amides to give (Z)-3-(phenylselanyl)prop-2-enamides.

The corrosion of the Au anode in aqueous solution of 1,4-diaminobutane (DAB) was studied by gravimetric analysis. The corrosion products were found to reduce at a steel cathode under galvanostatic conditions to form electrolytic precipitate of Au. Complex of Au with DAB was found to form in the solution, the structure of the complex was suggested. The kinetic of electrochemical corrosion of the Au anode in the DAB solution was also studied.

The catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with hydrogen was carried out for the first time over low-temperature copper hydrosilicates synthesized at 92–110 °C as catalysts. Copper hydrosilicates demonstrated high catalytic activity and selectivity towards nitrobenzene hydrogenation to aniline and p-dinitrobenzene hydrogenation to p-nitroaniline and p-phenylenediamine under relatively mild conditions (150–170 °C, hydrogen pressure of 1.3 MPa).

The results of the last 20 year research on the development of rare earth cobaltate- and nickelate-based catalysts of the partial oxidation of methane (POM) are summarized. New way of synthesis of these catalysts based on the decomposition of complex oxide precursors in the reducing environment is discussed. It was found that the high mobility of oxygen in LaSrCoO4 is accompanied by a significant catalytic activity of this complex oxide in methane oxidation. High catalytic performance of NdCaCoO4 in POM might be caused by the reductive decomposition of this complex oxide at a temperature above 900 °C and the formation of closely packed agglomerates of nanoparticles of metallic cobalt, Nd2O3, and CaO. The studies focused on decreasing POM temperature via substitution of cobalt by nickel in complex oxide precursors as well as the works considering decomposition processes in order to obtain metal-oxide nanocomposites with the optimum catalytic performance are discussed. This work shows that the reductive decomposition of Nd2−xCax(Co1−yNiy)O4−d and of the related complex oxides opens up new possibilities for the development of metal-oxide catalysts of the partial oxidation of methane and other catalytic oxidation processes.

An approach to p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene derivatives functionalized with lactic acid fragments in three conformations (cone, partial cone, 1,3-alternate) was developed. The use of tetraglyme as a solvent and magnesium sulfate with p-toluenesulfonic acid as co-condensation catalysts made it possible to obtain the desired products without admixtures of oligolactic acid. The structure of the synthesized macrocycles was characterized by a complex of physico-chemical methods. The thermal properties of the synthesized lactic acid copolyesters were studied by simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Significant effect of the p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene platform on the thermal stability of the obtained products was demonstrated. Nanoscale particles of the synthesized macrocycles with a low polydispersity index were obtained using nanoprecipitation from methanol or acetone into a buffer solution.

The influence of the flow rate and the mode of mixing of reagent solutions on the result of glycosylation of isopropyl alcohol with glycooxazoline in 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of (±)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid was studied. No reaction products were observed at low flow rates (⩽0.043 mL h−1) when using two Comet X-01 micromixers. Under these conditions, the disaggregation of supramers of the reagents is apparently inefficient for the reaction between them to occur. However, when one of the Comet X-01 micromixers was replaced with a T-shaped adapter (at the same flow rate), the expected reaction products, glycoside and glycal, appeared in the reaction mixture. This apparently suggests a higher disaggregation of the supramers reagents under these conditions, which allows the chemical reaction between them to occur.

The structural and energetic characteristics of the compounds formed by the reaction of diethylamine (DEA) with protic acids (sulfuric (H2SO4), methanesulfonic (MsOH), trifluoromethanesulfonic (TfOH), and para-toluenesulfonic (TsOH)) were examined using quantum chemical computations (B3LYP-GD3/6-31++G(d,p)). The strength of the hydrogen bonds in the ion pairs formed was quantitatively estimated by the QTAIM theory and NBO analysis. The results of the quantum chemical computations and the obtained thermal (phase transition and decomposition temperatures) and physicochemical (viscosity and conductivity) characteristics indicate that the reactions of DEA with the acids afford salts. The salts with the melting points higher than 100 °C are formed in the case of DEA/OTf(OTs), while protic ionic liquids are produced in the case of DEA/OMs(HSO4).

Thermodynamic modeling of the process of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of boron-containing films in the chemical system B—C—O—H was carried out. The possibility to use trialkyl borates B(OAlk)3 (Alk = Et, Pri) and their mixtures with helium, hydrogen, and ammonia to fabricate films of different composition was demonstrated. The CVD phase diagrams of the systems in question were calculated. The nature of the boundaries on these sections was analyzed. The chemical reaction equations determining the position of such lines are derived. Chemical equilibria corresponding to these reactions can be used to control the CVD process.

A fluorine-containing bis-salicylidenimine-titanium(iv) complex TiCl2{η2-1-[C(H)=NC6F4]-2-O-Ph(But)2}2 has been synthesized and immobilized on silica gel, polysorb, and magnesium chloride. The catalytic properties of heterogenized complexes activated by organoaluminum compounds (OAC) have been studied in ethylene polymerization. it has been demonstrated that the activity of the catalytic systems obtained by simultaneous immobilization of the complex, OAC, and [Me2NHPh]+[B(C6F5)4]− is an order of magnitude higher than in the absence of perfluorophenylborate. Catalysts on inorganic supports exhibit higher activity than catalysts on polymer supports. The use of anhydrous magnesium chloride as a support makes it possible to obtain a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (activity up to 1350 (kg of polymer) (mol Ti h atm)−1, melting point 140–143 °C).

Hydroxyl-containing compounds (water, methanol, and phenol) act as efficient catalysts of the chain reactions of thiophenol with quinone imines at their propagation steps as it was found previously for thiols. The results of quantum chemical analysis of isomerization of a radical adduct into phenoxyl radical or corresponding aromatic aminyl radical are considered. The adduct was formed at the rate limiting step of the chain propagation by thiyl radical addition to quinone imine. Enthalpies and activation energies for mono- and bimolecular isomerization of the adduct with participation of hydroxyl-containing compounds were computed and matched. For comparison, analogous reactions with participation of thiols (hydrogen sulfide, metahnthiol and thiophenol) were also studied. In both the cases, the catalytic effect is caused by transforming the four-membered cyclic transition state of the monomolecular isomerization reaction into the energetically favorable six-membered transition state by the O—H or S—H groups of the indicated compounds. This considerably reduces the activation energy.

The results of the study of various modification methods of polymer microspheres for their use in immunochemical reactions as bioligand carriers are reported. Ion etching and electron microscopy were used to show that the copolymer microspheres have a porous structure non-uniform in density. The Maillard reaction was used for the first time in the modification of copolymer microspheres by dextrans of different molecular weight as a simplest way of covalent immobilization of saccharides on their surface. The physicochemical properties of polystyrene-divinylbenzene and polyglycidyl methacrylate-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate microspheres modified with diamines and dextrans were determined for the first time. The conditions under which the bioligand (diphtheria toxoid) immobilized on their surface retained the native conformation and the diagnostics obtained on their basis have high sensitivity were revealed.

Adsorption of nitrogen, argon, and methane in a polymer adsorbent MN-200 was studied in the pressure range of 0.1–40 MPa at temperatures of 303, 323, 343, and 363 K. The excess adsorption isotherms were measured, the adsorption volumes were determined, the adsorption isotherms of total content and the characteristic adsorption energies were calculated. Isosteric, integral, and average heats of adsorption were determined.

Photoprocesses of bis(15-crown-5)-1,4-distyrylbenzene (DSB) and its complexes with barium and lead perchlorates in MeCN were studied by absorption, luminescence, and laser kinetic spectroscopies. Triplet DSB complexes are involved in the degradation of electronic excitation energy along with the trans—cis-isomerization and fluorescence processes. The most effective intersystem crossing was observed for the complex with lead perchlorate. The process is accompanied by a decrease in the quantum yield of DSB fluorescence and no trans—cis-isomerization is observed in this case. Shifts of spectral bands observed in the absorption and fluorescence spectra and the changes in the band intensities as well as the ability of DSB to form the 2: 2 bisandwich complex with barium perchlorate were explained using the results of quantum chemical calculations.

The previously obtained experimental and quantum chemical data on the composition, structure, stability, and thermodynamic properties of complexes of uracil and a series of its derivatives with different high- and low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids are summarized and analyzed. Interactions of uracil derivatives with polyfunctional acids (apple pectin, the oxidized fraction of apple pectin, the oxidized fraction of arabinogalactan from Siberian larch, as well as succinic, fumaric, 4- and 5-aminosalicylic acids) were studied by spectroscopic methods. The compositions and stability constants of the resulting complexes were determined. Electron-donating substituents at position 5 of 6-methyluracil increase the stability of its complexes with polyfunctional acids. The temperature dependence (293–323 K) of stability constants was studied using eleven complexes, and the thermodynamic parameters of the complexation were calculated. Quantum chemical calculations demonstrated that COOH groups of acids are involved in complexation with uracils. The H—N(1)—C(2)—O(7) moiety of uracil molecules is the most preferable for complexation with polyfunctional acids.

The conceptual possibility to synthesize bacterial cellulose nitrates with the use of commercial mixed acid was demonstrated. The initial bacterial cellulose was produced by the Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 symbiotic culture in a synthetic nutrient broth in a Binder constant climate chamber. The resulting bacterial cellulose nitrate sample had 11.45% nitrogen content, 1900 cP viscosity, 15.8% solubility in ethanol—diethyl ether mixture, and 0.10% ash content. An extremely high sample viscosity (organogelation) in a ∼2% solution in acetone was observed.

Pentachloropentadienic acid was isolated, apart from the expected 5,5-dimetoxytetrachlorocyclopentadiene, in the reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with potassium hydroxide in methanol. The structure of this minor product was established by X-ray crystallography. The plausible mechanism of its formation is discussed.

Silica gel with the additives of tetraalkylammonium halides serves as an efficient catalyst for the solvent-free insertion of carbon dioxide into epoxides (10–56 atm of CO2, 105–100 °C), leading to cyclic carbonates with quantitative conversion.

Betulonic acid S,S′-bis(carboxymethyl) dithioketal was obtained by condensation of betulonic and thioglycolic acids.

A series of new 4- and 6-(tetrazolylmethyl)pentanitrohexaazaisowurtzitanes were synthesized. The reactions of 4- and 6-(chloromethyl)pentanitrohexaazaisowurtzitanes with triethylammonium salts of 5H-tetrazole, 5-methyltetrazole, and 5-aminotetrazole in the each case gave two isomers, namely, the substitution products at the N(1) and N(2) atoms of the tetrazole ring.

New 4-dimethylamino-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1-(quinolin-3-yl)butan-2-ols with antituberculosis activity were synthesized. (1R*,2S*)-1-(6-Bromo-2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)-4-dimethylamino-2-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1-phenylbutan-2-ol hydrocitrate exhibiting high antituberculosis activity is in the final stage of clinical trials and is prepared for use in clinical practice.

The applicability of 1,4-diethynylbenzene (DEB) as a dispersant of solid fuels was studied. The atmospheric flight ranges of an aircraft with a rocket ramjet engine operating on fuels with DEB dispersant and wth high-enthalpy dispersants containing not only carbon and hydrogen, but also nitrogen and oxygen, were compared. Fuels with DEB are much more efficient in terms of this performance characteristic. The regularities of gasification of solid propellants comprising DEB, a binder, and ammonium perchlorate were studied experimentally. 1,4-Diethynylbenzene containing no oxidizing elements in the molecule can burn by itself due to the high enthalpy of formation (ΔH°f) in the 2–6 MPa pressure range. The dependences of the combustion rate on the pressure and on binder and ammonium perchlorate contents were elucidated.

Extraction of macro amounts of triply charged metal cations (0.01–0.05 mol L−1) in aqueous phase-separating system antipyrine–sulfosalicylic acid–water containing no organic solvent is studied. Optimum conditions for phase separation are established and the influence of the concentrations of the major components, inorganic acids (H2SO4, HCl), salting-out agents, and the volume of the aqueous phase on the process in question is determined. It was found that the optimum antipyrine/sulfosalicylic acid ratio in the system was (1.5–2.0): 1.0. The introduction of inorganic salting-out agents causes the volume of the organic phase (0.8–1.8 mL) to increase to 2 mL and more. The extractability series of triply charged metal ions is as follows: Tl > Fe > Sc > In > Ga. It was shown that inorganic salts and hexamine influence the degree of extraction of metal cations and that inorganic acids and water affect the distribution mechanism and the composition of the complexes. The half-extraction pH values (pH1/2) of the cations are calculated and correlations between the pH1/2 values, the ionic radii of the cations, and the polarization ability of the metal ions are established.

A copper complex with N-(5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl)benzamide was synthesized for the first time and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, LETDY mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. A comparative study of the obtained complex and copper 2-aminopyrimidine complex was performed by flow cytometry on normal lymphocytes and Jurkat cells. Complexes with radionuclides 64,67Cu (with and wihout a carrier) were prepared, and distribution of the labeled complexes in the organs of mice was considered. Packing in carboxymethylcellulose-based microgels was proposed as a transport form for the complexes. The results show a promise of the obtained materials as potential radiopharmaceutical agents.

A new synthesis of phthalaldehyde that avoided formation of HBr involved treatment of 1,2-bis(dibromomethyl)benzene with trimethyl orthoformate (1: 6, 90 °C, 10 mol.% ZnCl2) to obtain acyclic diacetal without admixture of cyclic one (1,3-dimethoxy-1,3-dihydrobenzo-[c]furan) followed by hydrolysis to give the target dialdehyde. Phthalaldehyde reacted with CH(OMe)3 in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid to yield exclusively cyclic diacetal. Acyclic diacetal was phosphorylated by treatment with secondary chlorophosphines and by the reaction with PCl3 followed by treatment with PIII acid ester.

The formation of new polymeric nanocomposites with silver nanoparticles incorporated into the matrix of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole copolymers with vinyl acetate was studied. Water-soluble nanocomposites containing different amounts of silver nanoparticles with an average size of 6–13 nm were synthesized varying the reaction conditions. The physicochemical, optical, thermal, and structural properties of the nanocomposites were studied by IR and UV spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and atomic absorption analyses, and thermogravimetry. The antimicrobial activity of the initial copolymers and related nanocomposites was evaluated with respect to test microorganisms.

The review analyzes and summarizes methods for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles based on alkyl 3-nitroacrylates that were described over the past decade. The scope of the review includes cycloaddition reactions and tandem processes, in particular Michael-initiated ring closure (MIRC) reactions, giving functionalized carbo- and heterocycles, mainly five- and six-membered derivatives.

An inhibition by the semisynthetic polyphenols bearing bicyclic isobornyl substituents and OH groups arranged variously relative to each other was investigated in the presence of lecithin. A decreased efficiency of the inhibition by the phenolic antioxidants in the presence of soy bean lecithin, which manifests itself as the increased initial oxidation rate, has been revealed. The most significant changes in the inhibitory effect were found for a polyphenol containing the OH groups at the meta position, while those the smallest ones were observed for the para position relative to each other. In the case of meta-substituted polyphenol, the decreased stoichiometric inhibition coefficient was observed along with the increased initial oxidation rate. The formation of lecithin complexes with polyphenols was detected by UV-Vis and IR spectroscopy, which leads to a decrease in their inhibitory effect.

The energy of combustion ΔH°c of 4H,8H-bis(furazano)[3,4-b:3′,4′-e]pyrazine (BFP) was measured by calorimetry in the oxygen atmosphere and the standard enthalpy of formation ΔH°f was calculated. The real ΔH°f value was found to be 33 kJ mol−1 higher than reported before. The obtained results were used for correction of the evaluated efficiency of using BFP as a solid fuel dispersant for rocket ramjet engines, which showed high BFP performance.

The main route of a new reaction of (dichloromethyl)arenes with S-methyl diethylthiophosphinate is the attack of the thiol sulfur atom (P–SMe) on the methylene carbon atom. A new method for synthesizing dimethyl dithioacetals of arenecarbaldehydes without using highly toxic methanethiol was developed. The suggested approach involves di(dechloromethylthioylation) of the dichloromethyl group of (dichloromethyl)arenes with S-methyl diethylthiophosphinate at a reagent ratio of 1: 2.

New derivatives of 2-(4-vinylchromen-2-ylidene)malononitrile and 2-(2-vinylchromen-4-ylidene)malononitrile were synthesized using the Knoevenagel reaction of 2-(4-methyl-chromen-2-ylidene)malononitrile and 2-(2-methylchromen-4-ylidene)malononitrile, respectively, with the participation of [1-(2-n-butoxyethyl)-2,2,4,7-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)]-carbaldehyde. First hyperpolarizability (β) was calculated for the obtained compounds using the M05-2X functional and 6-31+G (d) basis. Optical properties and solvatochromism in solvents of different polarity (toluene, 1,4-dioxane, chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, DMF, and ethanol) were also investigated.

A transition-metal-free method of cyclopropanation of sterically hindered olefins, substituted allylic alcohols, allylamines, and vinyl silyl ethers was developed using diazomethane in the presence of organic aluminum halides.

The interaction of perfluoropolyether peroxides with perfluoro- and polyfluoroaromatic compounds (C6F6, C6F5H, C6F5Cl, and C6F5CF3) was investigated. It was found that branched and cross-linked perfluoropolymers with a glass transition temperature below −110 °C and the destruction onset temperature 400 °C were generated under the thermolysis of perfluoropolyperoxides and polyfluorinated aromatic compounds at 280–290 °C. DSC and DTGA data were provided.

A microporous carbon adsorbent MPU-007 with a wide pore size distribution (specific micropore volume W0 calculated within the framework of the theory of micropore volume filling is 1.44 cm3 g−1; first-mode micropore diameter X01 is 1.5 nm; second-mode micropore diameter X02 is 3.5 nm; specific surface area SBET is 2520 m2 g−1) was prepared by chemical activation of a mixture of corn dextrin, ethylene glycol, and phenol formaldehyde resin. Adsorption of ethane on this adsorbent was studied at pressures up to 4 MPa at T = 303, 313, 323, and 333 K. The maximum ethane adsorption value attained in the experiments was 25 mmol g−1 or 75 wt%. The adsorption isosteres plotted in the ln P–1/T coordinates using the data obtained can be well approximated by linear functions at constant adsorption values. The dependences of the differential molar isosteric heats of adsorption of ethane on MPU-007 on the amount adsorbed in the temperature range of 303–333 K were calculated. The heat of adsorption of ethane equal to 23 kJ mol−1 remained constant throughout the initial range of micropore fillings up to ∼7 mmol g−1 and then gradually decreased to 8 kJ mol−1 at an uptake of 24 mmol g−1 at 333 K. Such a pattern of the dependence of the heat of adsorption can be due to a wide pore size distribution and to the formation of associates in the adsorbate.

The possibility of improving the solubility of drugs by obtaining solid dispersions (SDs) with polymers is demonstrated. The solubility of these SDs is dependent both on the nature of drug and polymer and on the conditions of their preparation. IR spectroscopy of the obtained SDs and the analysis of results found in literature indicate that inclusion complexes are formed within them.