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Multicomponent design of chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine systems Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 M N Elinson; Yu E Ryzhkova; F V Ryzhkov
The review summarizes and systematizes data on the methods for the preparation of chromeno[2,3-b]pyridines. Both multicomponent and pseudo-multicomponent synthetic approaches and one-pot transformations based on the reactions of carbonyl compounds, malononitrile or its derivatives, and CH-acids are considered. Examples of the use of various catalysts, microwave and ultrasonic radiation, as well as
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Catalysis and regioselectivity in hydrofunctionalization reactions of unsaturated carbon bonds. Part III Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 I P Beletskaya; C Njera; M Yus
The review addresses the possibility of obtaining Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov isomers in the reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons with organophosphorus and organosulfur compounds having P –H and S –H bonds using metal salts or complexes as catalysts. The bibliography includes 247 references.
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Recent advances in chemistry of high-spin nitrenes Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 S V Chapyshev; D V Korchagin; E Ya Misochko
Experimental and theoretical studies on aromatic nitrenes bearing from three to six unpaired electrons and having quartet, quintet, sextet or septet ground spin states, published in the last 15 years are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the magnetic properties of high-spin nitrenes and all other known high-spin organic molecules is performed. Promising areas of practical application of high-spin
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Generation of aryl radicals by redox processes. Recent progress in the arylation methodology Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 D I Bugaenko; A A Volkov; A V Karchava; M A Yurovskaya
Arylation methods based on the generation and use of aryl radicals have become a rapidly growing field in Arylation methods based on the generation and use of aryl radicals have been a rapidly growing field of research in recent years and currently represent a powerful strategy for carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond formation. The progress in this field is related to advances in the methods for
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Ligands of G-quadruplex nucleic acids Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 D V Andreeva; A S Tikhomirov; A E Shchekotikhin
The review summarizes advances in the development of low-molecular-weight ligands for G-quadruplex (G4) nucleic acid structures published in the past five years. Main chemical classes of these ligands (polyaromatic compounds, macrocyclic systems, metal complexes and heterocyclic derivatives) are considered. The chemical structures of the ligands and their influence on the stabilization of quadruplexes
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Supercritical fluids in chemistry Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 Evgenii S. Alekseev; Alexander Yu. Alentiev; Anastasia S. Belova; Viktor I. Bogdan; Tatiana V. Bogdan; Aleksandra V. Bystrova; Elvira R. Gafarova; Elena N. Golubeva; Ekaterina A. Grebenik; Oleg I. Gromov; Vadim A. Davankov; Sergei G. Zlotin; Mikhail G. Kiselev; Aleksei E. Koklin; Yuriy N. Kononevich; Alexey E. Lazhko; Valerii V. Lunin (deceased); Sergey E. Lyubimov; Oleg N. Martyanov; Igor I. Mishanin;
Dedicated the memory of Akademician Valery Vasilievich Lunin, a friend, colleague, teacher, founder and leader of the research into application of supercritical fluids in chemistry. This review analyzes the rapidly developing applications of supercritical fluids, mainly supercritical carbon dioxide, in catalysis, chemistry of high-molecular-weight compounds, and medicinal chemistry in Russia and abroad
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Electrodeposition of lanthanides from ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 Alexander V. Rudnev
Lanthanides belong to the most important raw materials and are highly demanded in high-tech industry. Low-temperature electrochemical deposition of lanthanides and lanthanide-based alloys for recycling and obtaining functional materials can provide a real alternative to the currently used high-temperature electrolysis of molten salts. The review summarizes the advancements in the field of electrodeposition
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Widely accessible 3D printing technologies in chemistry, biochemistry and pharmaceutics: applications, materials and prospects Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 Evgeniy G. Gordeev; Valentine P. Ananikov
Representative examples of the application of 3D printing in organic synthesis, biochemistry, biotechnology, analytical chemistry, pharmaceutics and chemical education are considered. It is shown that additive technologies open up new prospects for the development of these fields of science. The characteristics of widely used 3D printing methods (fused deposition modelling and stereolithography) are
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Modern bio and chemical sensors and neuromorphic devices based on organic semiconductors Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 Polina A. Shaposhnik; Sergey A. Zapunidi; Mikhail V. Shestakov; Elena V. Agina; Sergey A. Ponomarenko
This review summarizes and highlights the current state-of-the-art of research on chemical sensors and biosensors in liquid environment and neuromorphic devices based on electrolyte-gated organic transistors with the active semiconductor layer of organic π-conjugated materials (small molecules, oligomers and polymers). The architecture and principles of operation of electrolyte-gated organic transistors
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Detonation nanodiamonds: new aspects in the theory and practice of synthesis, properties and applications Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-12-31 Valery Yu. Dolmatov; Alexander N. Ozerin; Inna I. Kulakova; Oleksandr O. Bochechka; Natalia M. Lapchuk; Vesa Myllymki; Asko Vehanen
The review describes the current state of research concerning detonation nanodiamonds, including production, methods of studying the properties and applications. The main achievements in the theory and practice of synthesis of detonation nanodiamonds over the past 15 years are addressed systematically; the influence of control factors on this process, performed using single or mixed explosives, are
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Catalysis by platinum and palladium species confined in the bulk of glass fibre materials Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Bair S. Bal’zhinimaev
The results of studies on the application of silicate glass fibre materials in catalysis are summarized and analyzed. Despite the very low noble metal content, catalysts based on these materials showed exceptionally high activities and selectivities in some catalytic reactions. This is due to specificity of the glassy state, which makes it possible, first, to confine highly dispersed palladium and
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Complexes of diamagnetic cations with radical anion ligands Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Irina V. Ershova; Alexandr V. Piskunov; Vladimir K. Cherkasov
The review summarizes and analyzes the currently know data on the synthesis, molecular and electronic structures and magnetic properties of bi-, tri- and tetraradical complexes containing a diamagnetic metal ion and redox-active ligands in the paramagnetic form. The bibliography includes 193 references.
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Access to molecular complexity. Multicomponent reactions involving five or more components Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Valentin G. Nenajdenko
The evaluation of the significance of a chemical transformation addresses many factors, including such important characteristics as the number of chemical bonds formed in one step, the reaction time, labour intensity, the cost of reactants and catalysts and so on. The amount of waste produced in the reaction has also gained increasing importance in recent years. Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) occupy
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New method for the synthesis of heterospin metal complexes with nitroxides Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Victor I. Ovcharenko; Olga V. Kuznetsova
A new approach was developed to synthesize transition metal complexes with nitroxides based on the simultaneous involvement of nitronyl nitroxide and imino nitroxide in the reaction with metal. It was shown that the reaction of a metal with nitronyl nitroxide can afford a metal complex containing two different radicals in the metal coordination sphere in the case when imino nitroxide is generated in
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Perimidines: a unique π-amphoteric heteroaromatic system Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Alexander F. Pozharskii; Anna V. Gulevskaya; Rosa M. Claramunt; Ibon Alkorta; Jos Elguero
Data on the physicochemical characteristics, theoretical calculations, reactivity and synthetic methods for perimidines are summarized. Although perimidine and some of its simple 2-substituted derivatives were obtained by Sachs back in 1909, their chemistry and key physical properties remained unknown until the early 1970s. Subsequent studies revealed many fundamental features of the perimidine system
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Catalysis and regioselectivity in hydrofunctionalization reactions of unsaturated carbon bonds. Part II. Hydroamination Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 Irina P. Beletskaya; Carmen Najera; Miguel Yus
This review continues consideration of the regioselectivity problem in the catalyzed hydrofunctionalization of unsaturated organic compounds and addresses hydroamination of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Particular parts of the review deal with reactions of alkenes, alkynes, allenes and dienes. It is shown that the selectivity of hydroamination depends on the natures of the reactants and the catalyst. Conditions
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Huprines — an insight into the synthesis and biological properties Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 Eva Mezeiova; Ondrej Soukup; Jan Korabecny
The overlapping of tacrine and (–)-huperzine A templates yielded a family of highly potent cholinesterase inhibitors, so-called huprines. A relatively easy access to these compounds led to the development of dozens of huprine derivatives allowing to draw structure – activity relationship mainly for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes, but also with application to other biological
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Sorbents for water purification based on conjugated polymers Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 Irina Yu. Sapurina; Mikhail A. Shishov; Valeria T. Ivanova
The sorption properties of polymers with a polyconjugated chain structure (polyaniline and polypyrrole) are considered. The molecular mechanism of sorption by these polymers of various compounds such as heavy metal ions, toxic organic compounds and micropathogens, which are the most hazardous and stubborn contaminants in water, is discussed. The use of such sorbents to purify water from micropathogens
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Polymer electrolytes for metal-ion batteries Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 Daria Yu. Voropaeva; Svetlana A. Novikova; Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev
The results of studies on polymer electrolytes for metal-ion batteries are analyzed and generalized. Progress in this field of research is driven by the need for solid-state batteries characterized by safety and stable operation. At present, a number of polymer electrolytes with a conductivity of at least 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 C were synthesized. Main types of polymer electrolytes are described, viz.,
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Computational aspects of 19F NMR Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 Leonid B. Krivdin
This review covers most recent advances in computation of 19F NMR chemical shifts and spin – spin coupling constants involving 19F nucleus calculated at different levels of theory. It deals mainly with electronic and stereochemical effects influencing these parameters, with a special emphasis on practical applications of such calculations. For 19F NMR chemical shifts, a good deal of attention is focused
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Systems for accumulation, storage and release of hydrogen Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-08-04 Leonid M. Kustov; Alexander N. Kalenchuk; Viktor I. Bogdan
The results of studies on the hydrogen accumulation, storage and release systems differing in the type of hydrogen interaction with the material (medium) used for hydrogen storage are analyzed. Published data on the use of polycyclic hydrocarbons as the basis for hydrogen storage in a chemically bound state are summarized. Substrate-structure-dependent differences between the mechanisms of heterogeneous
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Mono- and binuclear complexes of group 5 metals with diimine ligands: synthesis, reactivity and prospects for application Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-08-04 Iakov S. Fomenko; Artem L. Gushchin
Published data on the coordination compounds of group 5 metals with diimine type ligands are surveyed. Methods of synthesis, structural types, reactivity and properties of these compounds are summarized and systematized. Particular attention is paid to the redox, magnetic and catalytic properties and to biological activities of these complexes, which is important for understanding the areas of their
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Syntheses of polyfunctional aromatic compounds from non-aromatic precursors Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-08-04 Thomas Mies; Tsz-Kan Ma; Anthony G. M. Barrett
Syntheses of polyfunctional benzene derivatives from both cyclic and acyclic non-aromatic precursors are reviewed. Such aromatizations include transformations that use Diels – Alder reactions, transition metal-catalyzed reactions, base mediated aldol or Michael addition reactions or electrocyclic and pericyclic reactions. This review is limited to research that has been published since the last reviews
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11C- and 18F-labelled tryptophans as PET-tracers for imaging of altered tryptophan metabolism in age-associated disorders Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-08-04 Boris D. Zlatopolskiy; Heike Endepols; Raisa N. Krasikova; Olga S. Fedorova; Johannes Ermert; Bernd Neumaier
The ageing of the world’s population is the result of increased life expectancy observed in almost all countries throughout the world. Consequently, a rising tide of ageing-associated disorders, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, represents one of the main global challenges of the 21st century. The ability of mankind to overcome these challenges is directly dependent on the capability to develop
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Molecular basis of COVID-19 pathogenesis Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 Fedor N. Novikov; Viktor S. Stroylov; Igor V. Svitanko; Vladimir E. Nebolsin
The review summarizes the publications, available at the time it was written, addressing the chemical and biological processes that occur in the human body upon exposure to coronaviruses, in particular SARS-CoV-2. The mechanisms of viral particle entry into the cell, viral replication and impact on the immune system and on oxygen transport system are considered. The causes behind complications of the
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Natural and synthetic cytokinins and their applications in biotechnology, agrochemistry and medicine Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 Maxim S. Oshchepkov; Antonida V. Kalistratova; Ekaterina M. Savelieva; Georgy A. Romanov; Natalia A. Bystrova; Konstantin A. Kochetkov
The review is devoted to cytokinins — classical plant hormones known for more than six decades. Nevertheless, different aspects of the action of cytokinins are still being investigated. Relevant studies produced interesting, often unexpected, results, which cast doubt on the old paradigms and open new prospects for the use of these phytohormones. Particular attention is given to recent advances in
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Stability of polymer jets in extension: physicochemical and rheological mechanisms Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 Alexander Ya. Malkin; Andrey V. Subbotin; Valery G. Kulichikhin
The review is devoted to the fundamental problems of physical chemistry and rheology posed in the analysis of stability loss of polymer jets in extension. Studies of phenomena occurring in deformation of polymeric fluids are of considerable applied interest because extension of polymeric fluids underlies many industrial processes, first of all, fibre spinning. Studies of critical conditions of deformation
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New advances in the catalysis of organic reactions by iron compounds Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 Ravil I. Khusnutdinov; Alfiya R. Bayguzina
The review summarizes and systematizes the literature data on a new promising application area of iron compounds, that is, catalysis of organic reactions. The considered reactions include halogenation, formation of C−C bonds with the participation of various substrates, new methods for the synthesis of ethers and aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acid esters, N-alkylation of aliphatic and aromatic
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Aromatic and heteroaromatic azacrown compounds: advantages and disadvantages of rigid macrocyclic ligands Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-06-11 Anastasia D. Zubenko; Olga A. Fedorova
Current approaches to the synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic azamacrocycles and their derivatives are summarized and systematized. The relationship between the structure of azacrown compounds and their complexation behaviour towards metal cations is analyzed. The diversity of practical applications of azamacrocyclic derivatives in medicine, biology and analytical and organic chemistry, as well
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Sensory effects of fluorescent organic dyes Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-06-11 Valerii F. Traven; Dmitrii A. Cheptsov
Organic dyes are very promising substrates for modern sensing technologies. Their utility is based on the ‘push-pull’ polarization of a π-electron system, as well as their polyfunctionality. These properties make organic dyes capable of fluorescent sensory response to many analytes and provide different mechanisms of both fluorescence increase and fluorescence quenching. Specific organic reactions
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From spin-labelled fused polyaromatic compounds to magnetically active graphene nanostructures Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-06-11 Yury A. Ten; Nadezhda M. Troshkova; Evgeny V. Tretyakov
Molecular design of magnetically active graphene nanoscale structures is an emerging field of research. The key goal of this research is to produce graphene nanoribbons and graphene quantum dots with specified electronic, optical and magnetic properties. The review considers methods for the synthesis of spin-labelled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are homologous precursors of graphene nanostructures
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Ba(Ce,Zr)O3-based electrodes for protonic ceramic electrochemical cells: towards highly compatible functionality and triple-conducting behaviour Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 Anna V. Kasyanova; Liana R. Tarutina; Anna O. Rudenko; Julia G. Lyagaeva; Dmitry A. Medvedev
Protonic ceramic fuel cells and electrolysis cells represent low- and intermediate-temperature electrochemical devices, which allow chemical-to-electrical energy conversion with very high efficiency and low environmental impact. In order to ensure the long-term operability of these devices, as well as to provide for their up-scaling, a number of existing challenges associated with chemical and thermal
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Layered rare-earth hydroxides: a new family of anion-exchangeable layered inorganic materials Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 Alexey D. Yapryntsev; Alexander E. Baranchikov; Vladimir K. Ivanov
The review summarizes the data on the chemical composition, crystal structure and functional properties of layered rare-earth hydroxides (LRHs), a new family of anion-exchangeable inorganic compounds. Comprehensive information is given on methods for the synthesis of LRHs including hydrothermal and hydrothermal-microwave treatment. Particular attention is paid to the methods of chemical design of hybrid
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Methods for selective benzylic C–H oxofunctionalization of organic compounds Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-05-27 Dmitry P. Lubov; Evgenii P. Talsi; Konstantin P. Bryliakov
The development of methods for the selective oxidation of C–H groups of organic compounds resulting in C–O bond formation is a challenging problem in modern synthetic organic chemistry. Versatile methods for the oxofunctionalization of these groups are currently lacking. Approaches for the oxidation of benzylic C–H groups having a relatively weak C–H bond (the homolytic bond dissociation energy is
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Tuning the dihydroazulene – vinylheptafulvene couple for storage of solar energy Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-04-27 Mogens Brndsted Nielsen; Nicolai Ree; Kurt V. Mikkelsen; Martina Cacciarini
Dihydroazulene (DHA) is a molecular photoswitch that undergoes a ring-opening reaction upon irradiation to form a vinylheptafulvene (VHF) photoisomer. This VHF isomer will in time thermally return to the DHA isomer. As the isomerization is photo-induced only in one direction, the DHA – VHF couple has attracted interest as a molecular solar thermal energy storage device (MOST system). In this author
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Stereochemistry, mechanisms and applications of electrophilic reactions of organophosphorus compounds Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-04-27 Oleg I. Kolodiazhnyi
The review summarizes and systimatizes data on the stereochemistry, mechanisms and applications of electrophilic reactions of organophosphorus compounds. Asymmetric versions of the Michaelis – Arbuzov, Michaelis – Becker, Hirao, Staudinger, Pudovik and other reactions are considered. Key issues of asymmetric electrophilic catalysis are discussed. The reaction conditions, catalytic systems and structures
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Gold as a catalyst. Part III. Addition to double bonds Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-04-27 Sergey B. Alyabyev; Irina P. Beletskaya
This publication is a continuation of the series of reviews devoted to the state of the art of gold catalysis in organic chemistry. The third review covers gold-catalyzed reactions of compounds containing double bonds. The reactions of alkenes, cumulated and conjugated dienes and enynes with different types of nucleophiles, including those with heteroatoms (oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur), are considered
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Preparation of macrocyclic musks via olefin metathesis: comparison with classical syntheses and recent advances Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-03-31 Adrian Sytniczuk; Mariusz Milewski; Anna Kajetanowicz; Karol Grela
Recent advances in the synthesis of macrocycles with musk scent via catalytic olefin metathesis are presented with a particular emphasis on advantages offered by the metathesis technology. The review includes short historical background about musks and olefin metathesis to introduce the subject. Substantial emphasis is given on ring-closing metathesis (RCM) as a tool for the synthesis of cyclic compounds
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Computational liquid-phase and solid-state 29Si NMR Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-03-31 Leonid B. Krivdin
This review focuses on the computational aspects of 29Si NMR chemical shifts and spin – spin coupling constants involving the 29Si nucleus. It concentrates on the electronic and stereochemical effects manifesting in these parameters, calculated at different levels of theory with a special emphasis on their practical applications. For 29Si NMR chemical shifts, a good deal of interest is focused on the
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Experimental and theoretical studies of photoinduced reactions in the solid phase of the interstellar medium Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-03-31 Maria S. Murga; Dmitri S. Wiebe; Anton I. Vasyunin; Vladimir N. Varakin; Andrey V. Stolyarov
The current state of laboratory studies modelling the photoinduced chemical reactions in the solid phase of the interstellar medium is considered. It is shown that multistage processes including physical adsorption of atoms and molecules from the gas phase of the interstellar medium, their drift over the cosmic dust surface, heterogeneous catalysis, photolysis, radiolysis and desorption of the final
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Recent advances in the chemistry of pyridazine — an important representative of six-membered nitrogen heterocycles Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-03-31 Pavel G. Sergeev; Valentin G. Nenajdenko
The review is devoted to recent advances in the chemistry of pyridazine — a six-membered heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms in adjacent positions. The practical significance of title compounds is demonstrated and published data of the last decade devoted to them are considered systematically. The modern synthetic approaches to pyridazine derivatives are described in detail, analyzed and classified
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Lead chalcogenide quantum dots for photoelectric devices Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-02-28 Ivan A. Shuklov; Vladimir F. Razumov
The review concerns the state of the art in methods of synthesis of colloidal lead chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs). The most recent data on the mechanisms of chemical transformations involving various precursors are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the influence of (i) trace impurities in the reactants used and (ii) post-synthesis treatment on the physicochemical properties of QDs used in
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Main trends in the design of semi-synthetic antibiotics of a new generation Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-02-28 Evgenia N. Olsufyeva; Valentina S. Yankovskaya
This review summarizes main advances achieved by Russian researchers in the synthesis and characterization of semi-synthetic antibiotics of a new generation in the period from 2004 to 2019. The following classes of compounds are considered as the basis for modification: polycyclic antibacterial glycopeptides of the vancomycin group, classical macrolides, antifungal polyene macrolides, the antitumour
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Binary mixtures of semicrystalline polymers with low-molecular-mass compounds: thermal behaviour and phase structure Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-02-28 Konstantin V. Pochivalov; Andrey V. Basko; Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev
The results of phase equilibrium studies in mixtures of semicrystalline polymers with low-molecular-mass compounds are summarized and analyzed. A new classification of phase diagrams for such mixtures is proposed. Alternative points of view on the phase composition of semicrystalline polymers are presented. The phase structure evolution during the thermally induced phase separation of mixtures is monitored
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Modifications at the C(5) position of pyrimidine nucleosides Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-02-28 Witold Kozak; Sebastian Demkowicz; Mateusz Daśko; Janusz Rachon; Janusz Rak
This review summarizes the state of knowledge on the chemical methods of C(5)-modifications of uridine and cytidine derivatives and may serve as a useful tool for synthetic chemists to choose an appropriate reaction protocol. The synthesis of 5-substituted uracil derivatives is gaining an increasing interest because of their possible applications in medicine and pharmacy. Modifications at the C(5)
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Solid–gas reactions in synthetic chemistry: what can we learn from reaction pathways? Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-02-28 Holger Kohlmann
The knowledge of reaction pathways in the preparation of solids is usually rather scarce, which hinders synthesis planning and process control. This is particularly true for metastable compounds, which are a challenge for chemical synthesis, especially in the solid state. In situ studies can help in exploring the energy landscape around their local minimum by investigating formation and decomposition
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Catalysis and regioselectivity in hydrofunctionalization reactions of unsaturated carbon bonds. Part I Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 Irina P. Beletskaya; Carmen Njera; Miguel Yus
The review presents state-of-the-art data on the influence of catalysts (mainly transition metal complexes) on the regioselectivity of a number of reactions. The most important addition reactions to unsaturated bonds are considered, in particular, hydroformylation, hydrosilylation, hydroboration and hydroxy-, alkoxy- and aminocarbonylation, which give predominantly one product. Particular attention
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Organophosphorus chemistry based on elemental phosphorus: advances and horizons Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 Nina K. Gusarova; Boris A. Trofimov
The results of studies on the application of elemental phosphorus for the synthesis of important organophosphorus compounds are surveyed and summarized. Currently, this trend represents a synthetically, environmentally and technologically attractive alternative to classical organophosphorus chemistry based on toxic and corrosive phosphorus chlorides. Direct phosphination and phosphinylation of organic
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Lower olefins from methane: recent advances Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 Natalya V. Kolesnichenko; Natalya N. Ezhova; Yulya M. Snatenkova
Modern methods for methane conversion to lower olefins having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms per molecule are generalized. Multistage processing of methane into ethylene and propylene via syngas or methyl chloride and methods for direct conversion of CH4 to ethylene are described. Direct conversion of syngas to olefins as well as indirect routes of the process via methanol or dimethyl ether are considered
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Photoacid generators. Application and current state of development Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 Nina A. Kuznetsova; Georgy V. Malkov; Boris G. Gribov
Photoacid generators are used as components of photocurable polymer formulations and chemically amplified photoresists in microelectronics industry. In recent years, these compounds gained importance as components of various engineering materials. The review presents the classification of photoacid generators and summarizes data on photochemical processes giving photoacids. A special section is devoted
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Progress in the chemistry of nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-containing heterocyclic systems Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-01-02 Nina N. Makhova; Leonid I. Belen’kii; Galina A. Gazieva; Igor L. Dalinger; Lidia S. Konstantinova; Vladimir V. Kuznetsov; Angelina N. Kravchenko; Mikhail M. Krayushkin; Oleg A. Rakitin; Alexey M. Starosotnikov; Leonid L. Fershtat; Svyatoslav A. Shevelev; Valerik Z. Shirinian; Vladimir N. Yarovenko
The review is devoted to modern trends in the chemistry of nitrogen-, oxygen-and sulfur-containing monocyclic, polynuclear and benzo(hetero)annulated heterocyclic compounds. Methods for the synthesis and chemical reactivity of furazan, furoxan, thiazole, thiadiazole, dithiazole, thiophene, glycoluril, imidazotriazine, diaziridine and other heterocycles are discussed. Characteristic features of reactions
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A.E.Favorskii’s scientific legacy in modern organic chemistry: prototropic acetylene – allene isomerization and the acetylene zipper reaction Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-01-02 Natalia A. Danilkina; Anna A. Vasileva; Irina A. Balova
Alexei Evgrafovich Favorskii was an outstanding organic chemist who left a great scientific legacy as a result of long time and fruitful work. Most of the theoretically and practically important discoveries of A.E.Favorskii were made in the chemistry of acetylene and its derivatives. Nowadays, the reactions discovered by him, which include acetylene – allene isomerization, the Favorskii and retro-Favorskii
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Nitro compounds as the core structures of promising energetic materials and versatile reagents for organic synthesis Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2020-01-02 Sergei G. Zlotin; Igor L. Dalinger; Nina N. Makhova; Vladimir A. Tartakovsky
This review addresses some promising areas of chemistry of nitro compounds extensively developed in recent years in Russia (particularly at the N.D.Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences) and worldwide. The most important results in the synthesis of novel energetic N-, C- and O-nitro compounds are summarized. New environmentally friendly approaches to the preparation of
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Amphiphilic multicomponent molecular brushes Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2019-12-02 Ivan V. Ivanov; Tamara K. Meleshko; Anna V. Kashina; Alexander V. Yakimansky
Multicomponent molecular brushes containing amphiphilic polymer moieties are promising objects of research of macromolecular chemistry. The development of stimulus-responsive systems sensitive to changes in environmental parameters, based on the molecular brushes, opens up new possibilities for their applications in medicine, biochemistry and microelectronics. The review presents the current understanding
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Self-assembled interface monolayers for organic and hybrid electronics Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2019-12-02 Alexey S. Sizov; Elena V. Agina; Sergey A. Ponomarenko
The state of the art in the field of self-assembled organic interface monolayers widely used in organic and hybrid electronics is analyzed and the results obtained are summarized. Recent advances in full and local substrate modification using interface layers are considered in detail. Examples of the most successful applications of interface monolayers as monolayer dielectrics, modifiers of the work
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New trends in the development of electrophoretic deposition method in the solid oxide fuel cell technology: theoretical approaches, experimental solutions and development prospects Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2019-12-02 Elena G. Kalinina; Elena Yu. Pikalova
The key features and challenges of the use of electrophoretic deposition for the formation of functional layers of solid oxide fuel cells are considered. Theoretical models and experimental results of the studies of electrophoretic deposition are presented. The analysis covers the physicochemical deposition mechanisms, methods for preparing suspensions and conditions necessary for obtaining thin-film
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Functionalized benzazines as luminescent materials and components for optoelectronics Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2019-10-31 Emiliya V. Nosova; Sylvain Achelle; Galina N. Lipunova; Valery N. Charushin; Oleg N. Chupakhin
Extensive research on the synthesis and application of benzazine derivatives for electronic devices, luminescent elements, photoelectric conversion elements, and image sensors has been published recently. This review covers article data obtained within the period 2012 – 2018 on the synthesis and optical properties of functionalized quinolines, quinoxalines and quinazolines. Arylvinyl, arylethynyl and
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Ring opening reactions of nitrogen heterocycles Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2019-10-31 Andrey V. Smolobochkin; Almir S. Gazizov; Alexander R. Burilov; Mikhail A. Pudovik; Oleg G. Sinyashin
Published data on ring opening reactions of nitrogen-containing cyclic compounds resulting in various acyclic products are integrated and systematized. The reactions of common five-, six- and seven-membered nitrogen heterocycles containing one to four nitrogen atoms in the ring and having various structures (mononuclear, polynuclear, fused, saturated, unsaturated and aromatic) are considered. Special
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Recent advances in catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2019-10-31 Roman V. Ottenbacher; Evgenii P. Talsi; Konstantin P. Bryliakov
Asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefinic groups is an extremely important synthetic transformation which has been widely utilized to obtain optically pure pharmaceuticals and other fine chemical products. In recent years, catalyst systems for the asymmetric C=C dihydroxylations have attracted significant interest, the major research efforts being focused on designing environmentally benign catalyst systems
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Resonant tunnelling spectroscopy of van der Waals heterosystems Russ. Chem. Rev. (IF 4.75) Pub Date : 2019-10-31 Evgenii E. Vdovin; Konstantin S. Novoselov; Yurii N. Khanin
The review concerns the most interesting aspects of (mainly experimental) resonance tunnelling spectroscopy studies of a new type of heterosystems called van der Waals heterostructures. The possibility to compose such systems is a result of the recent discovery of two-dimensional crystals, a new class of materials derived from graphene. The role of the angular mismatch of the crystal lattices of conductive
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