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Understanding the Polymer Rearrangement of pH-Responsive Nanoparticles Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2021-02-23 Nayeleh Deirram; Sarah S. Kermaniyan; Angus P. R. Johnston; Georgina K. Such
The use of self-assembled nanoparticles for drug delivery has received significant attention in recent years. However, the dynamic nature of self-assembled polymeric systems means there is a need to develop greater understanding of the inherent stability of these systems. In particular, understanding if these materials remain as discrete nanoparticles, or if there is dynamic exchange of material between
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N-Heterocyclic Carbenes–Cu I Complexes as Catalysts: A Theoretical Insight Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 Nosheen Beig; Varsha Goyal; Raakhi Gupta; Raj K. Bansal
The electronic structures of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) imidazolinylidene, thiazolinylidene, imidazolylidene, thiazolylidene, and 1,2,4-triazolylidene and their complexes with cuprous halides (CuX, X = Cl, Br, I) were investigated theoretically at the B3LYP/def2-SVP level. In contrast to other NHCs, imidazolylidene and 1,2,4-triazolylidene do not dimerize owing to the negligible coefficient of the
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Preliminary Investigation of a Novel 18 F Radiopharmaceutical for Imaging CB2 Receptors in a SOD Mouse Model Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Giancarlo Pascali; Daniele Panetta; Mariarosaria De Simone; Silvia Burchielli; Valentina Lucchesi; Elena Sanguinetti; Simone Zanoni; Patricia Iozzo; Giuseppe Saccomanni; Clementina Manera; Piero A. Salvadori
We successfully radiolabelled a novel prospective cannabinoid type 2 receptor ligand with 18F and tested its biodistribution in animal models by positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging. The radiolabelling process was conducted on an alkyl mesylate fragment of the main naphthyridine core, using highly efficient microfluidic technology. No preliminary protection was needed
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A Novel Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzimidazole and 2-Arylbenzothiazole Derivatives by MnO 2 /MOF-199 Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 Elham Amouhadi; Razieh Fazaeli; Hamid Aliyan
The main objective of this research is to develop efficient and environmentally benign heterogeneous catalysts for synthesis of 2-arylbenzimidazole and 2-arylbenzothiazoles derivatives by MnO2/MOF-199. For this purpose, a heterogeneous MnO2/MOF-199 catalyst was prepared by the solvothermal method, and the prepared catalyst was characterised by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning
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Synthetic Cannabinomimetics: A Brief History and the Challenges They Pose for the Forensic Chemist Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2021-01-29 Michael Collins
Since the first detection of synthetic cannabinomimetics in herbal smoking blends in 2008 the clandestine production of these compounds, based on seizure data, increased in number every year until ~2012. In recent years there has been a decline in synthetic cannabinomimetic production both in number and diversity. The synthetic details of the first generation cannabinoids were documented in the scientific
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Spectroelectrochemistry: A Powerful Tool for Studying Fundamental Properties and Emerging Applications of Solid-State Materials Including Metal–Organic Frameworks Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Deanna M. D'Alessandro; Pavel M. Usov
Spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) encompasses a broad suite of electroanalytical techniques where electrochemistry is coupled with various spectroscopic methods. This powerful and versatile array of methods is characterised as in situ, where a fundamental property is measured in real time as the redox state is varied through an applied voltage. SEC has a long and rich history and has proved highly valuable
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DNA Binding and DNA Cleavage Activities of Newly Synthesized Co II and Cu II Complexes of a β-Cyclodextrin Based Azo-Functionalized Schiff Base Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Ananya Das; Dipu Kumar Mishra; Pritika Gurung; Vikas Kumar Dakua; Biswajit Sinha
Two water soluble complexes with CoII and CuII ions were synthesized using a novel β-cyclodextrin based azo-functionalized Schiff base as a ligand. The Schiff base and its metal complexes were characterized by different physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. From the analyses of the experimental data, distorted octahedral geometry has been assigned for both the metal complexes. The binding interactions
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Self-Assembly of CDs@NH 2 -MOF(Ni)/n-Bu 4 NBr and its Catalytic Performance for CO 2 Fixation with Epoxides Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-12-24 Kai Huang; Xiaomeng Zhang
Metal–organic frameworks (CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni)) with carbon dots as the core were synthesised successfully by a one-pot method. The synthesised CDs@NH2-MOF(Ni) contain a large number of amine functional groups and a large surface area for capturing CO2. The FT-IR spectra showed that there exists a large number of carboxylate and amine groups on the surface of the carbon dots, and analysis by scanning electron
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A Novel Imidazophenazine-Based Stimuli Responsive Chemosensor for Highly Selective and Sensitive Fluorescence Detection of CN – Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-12-30 Haixiong Shi; Juanjuan Hou; Pengwei Jiang; Quanlu Yang; Qi Lin; Taibao Wei; Hong Yao; Youming Zhang; Shang Wu
A fluorescent imidazophenazine-based derivative (S) has been successfully synthesised, and can be used as a chemsensor for relay recognition of CN– in DMSO/H2O (7 : 3, v/v) solution, which exhibited external stimuli-responsiveness. The sensor immediately responded with obvious colour changes (from red to purple) and fluorescent quenching when CN– was added to the S solution. Its detection limit for
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Gamma Radiation-Induced Unsaturated P(VDF-CTFE) Membranes with Improved Mechanical Properties Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-12-22 Huazhao Wang; Yu Liu; Yaoxin Xiao; Jiafu Chen; Jinjiang Xu; Haobin Zhang; Jie Sun; Jie Li; Chunhua Zhu; Jihu Su; Feng Liu
Poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-CTFE)) membranes were prepared by drop-casting with tetrahydrofuran (THF), and were then radiated by a low dose of gamma radiation without any other reagents. The apparent colour of the freshly prepared film was a semi-transparent white, which gradually darkened and finally turned black after 10.2 kGy gamma radiation. Meanwhile, the yield and
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Colorimetric Aptasensor for Testosterone Detection Based on Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles Induced by Cationic Surfactant Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-12-09 Chaoqiang Pan; Jianmin Qiu; Lumei Wang; Zhiyu Yan; Weiwen Huang; Dongwei Zhang; Xuejia Zhan; Guoqing Shen
This paper proposes a colorimetric aptasensor for the detection of testosterone (TES) in environmental water, using TES-specific aptamer (apT5) as a sensing probe, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as indicator, and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as inducer, respectively. Based on competition between TES and CTAB for apT5, the aptamer can form an aptamer–TES complex, leaving CTAB free to aggregate
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Reduction Chemistry of Natural Pyrethrins and Preliminary Insecticidal Activity of Reduced Pyrethrins Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Todd E. Markham; Andrew C. Kotze; Peter J. Duggan; Martin R. Johnston
The natural extract pyrethrum is an insecticidal oil derived from Tanacetum cinerariifolium that is commonly used in domestic and agricultural pesticides. The major constituents of the extract are the Pyrethrins, six esters that provide pyrethrum with its insecticidal properties. These Pyrethrins readily degrade through several environmental means and as such, there can be significant Pyrethrin losses
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Development of Chromenopyrazole-Based Selective Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Agonists Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-11-18 Sameek Singh; Ian Liddle; Christa Macdonald; Joel D. A. Tyndall; Michelle Glass; Andrea J. Vernall
The cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) is an important therapeutic target for pain and inflammatory disorders. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are conventionally thought to signal exclusively at the plasma membrane; however, recently this has been challenged by the notion of intracellular signalling receptors. Better understanding of GPCR location requires tools that can differentiate cell surface
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Immobilisation of Homogeneous Pd Catalysts within a Type I Porous Liquid Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 Ellen B. Hemming; Anthony F. Masters; Thomas Maschmeyer
An N-heterocyclic carbene-based palladium complex was successfully immobilised on the inner surfaces of hollow silica nanospheres. The external surfaces of these spheres were functionalised with a corona-canopy to produce a Type I porous liquid. To confirm the successful immobilisation of the catalytic precursor, the porous liquid system was explored using the Heck reaction as a model reaction. This
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Fluorescence Study of the Influence of the Structure and Hydrophobicity of Fluorescent Dyes and Cationic Surfactants on their Association in Aqueous Solutions Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-11-12 Viktoriia Klovak; Sergey Kulichenko; Serhii Lelyushok
The statistical characteristics of the dependences of the fluorescence signal of analytical systems as a function of the integral parameters of the structure of fluorescent reagents and cationic surfactants on their association in aqueous solutions has been investigated. Molecular weight, surface area, and their first-order molecular connectivity index have been taken as parameters of the structure
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A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Organosilicon Compounds of Cyclopropane Derivatives Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Saeed Gholizadeh; Kazem D. Safa; Nader Noroozi Pesyan
The one-pot reaction of tetra-substituted cyclopropyl benzyl bromide with tris(trimethylsilyl)methyllithium (TsiLi) and carbon disulfide resulted in 3-(4-((((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)thio)methyl)phenyl)cyclopropane-1,1,2,2-tetracarbonitrile (3) and 3-(4-((trimethylsilyl)methyl)phenyl)cyclopropane-1,2-dicarbonitrile (4) in excellent yield. The reaction in the absence of carbon disulfide yielded 3-(4-(2
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In Situ MOF-Templating of Rh Nanocatalysts under Reducing Conditions Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 Renata Lippi; Campbell J. Coghlan; Shaun C. Howard; Christopher D. Easton; Qinfen Gu; Jim Patel; Christopher J. Sumby; Danielle F. Kennedy; Christian J. Doonan
Manganese-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) metalated with Rh were used as pre-catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation. Activated in situ (80 % H2, 20 % CO2, 350°C), the resulting templated catalysts displayed CO2 conversion of up to 20 %, with CH4 as the main product. Used catalysts were compared with samples templated in 5 % H2/Ar at 350°C using powder X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, energy dispersive
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Synthesis and Structures of 1,1′,2-Tribromoferrocene, 1,1′,2,2′-Tetrabromoferrocene, 1,1′,2,2′-Tetrabromoruthenocene: Expanding the Range of Precursors for the Metallocene Chemist’s Toolkit Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Ian R. Butler; Michael Beaumont; Michael I. Bruce; Natalia N. Zaitseva; Jonathan A. Iggo; Craig Robertson; Peter N. Horton; Simon J. Coles
The synthesis, characterisation, and isolation of 1,1′,2-tribromoferrocene and 1,1′,2,2′-tetrabromoferrocene, which are key synthons in ferrocene chemistry, are described. These compounds are prepared using α-halide assisted lithiation. The crystal structures of 1,1′,2-tribromoferrocene, 1,1′,2,2′-tetrabromoferrocene, 1,1′-dibromoruthenocene, and 1,1′,2,2′-tetrabromoruthenocene have been determined
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Macquarie–Yaegl Partnership: Community Capability Strengthening Through Western and Indigenous Science Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 Joanne F. Jamie
The rich customary knowledge possessed by Indigenous people from around the world has provided intellectually stimulating academic research opportunities and has been a successful avenue for healthcare and drug discovery as well as commercial native foods, flavours, fragrances, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and agricultural products. When conducted with benefit sharing and reciprocity as core agenda,
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A Thermal Thickening System Based on the Self-Assembly of a Zwitterionic Hydrophobic Association Polymer and Surfactant Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-10-20 Lang Liu; Shaohua Gou; Yongtao Ma; Lihua Zhou; Yang He; Ling Liu; Lan Tang; Shenwen Fang
The zwitterionic monomer, 1-(2-hydroxypropyl-sulfo)-acrylamide ethyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride (MeSA) was copolymerised with acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), and a hydrophobic monomer N,N-diallyl oleamide (DNDA) to obtain the zwitterionic hydrophobic association polymer AM/AA/DNDA/MeSA. The structure of the hydrophobic association polymer was characterised by 1H NMR, FT-IR, and intrinsic viscosity
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Chemical Nature of Spent Coffee Grounds and Husks Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Temma Carruthers-Taylor; Jhumur Banerjee; Karen Little; Yong Foo Wong; William Roy Jackson; Antonio F. Patti
Waste coffee husks and spent coffee grounds (SCGs) are produced in large qualities worldwide. Characterisation of these waste streams from Australian commercial outlets in terms of lipid, caffeine, and polyphenol content was undertaken giving values up to 10 % lipids and 23 mg g−1 phenols from SCGs, consistent with reports from other parts of the world. Husks generally gave lower values. Caffeine residues
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Iodocyclisation of Electronically Resistant Alkynes: Synthesis of 2-Carboxy (and sulfoxy)-3-iodobenzo[b]thiophenes Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 Shuqi Chen; Bernard L. Flynn
The iodocyclisation of alkynes bearing tethered nucleophiles is a highly effective method for the construction and diversification of heterocycles. A key limitation to this methodology is the 5-endo-dig iodocyclisation of alkynes that have an unfavourable electronic bias for electrophilic cyclisation. These tend to direct electrophilic attack of the iodonium atom to the wrong carbon for cyclisation
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Pyridone Modified Cellulosic Adsorbent for Selective Segregation of Organic Dyes from Aqueous Solution Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-10-07 Chunyan Zhao; Chang Sun; Hui'e Liang
Adsorption is recognised as an efficient method for the removal of contaminants from the water system. Cellulose is widely applied in the fabrication of new material because of its biodegradability, renewability, and abundance in nature. In particular, its adsorption performance to various adsorbates can be fine-tuned by chemical modification. A pyridone di-acid modified microcrystalline cellulose
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Personal Accounts of Australian Drug Discovery at the Public–Private Interface Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Jonathan B. Baell
The public–private interface is a vibrant and invigorating stage for drug discovery and can allow for relatively higher risk but more rewarding research. Although adequate resourcing is a perennial challenge, persistence, optimism, and flexibility will pay dividends and can allow for a thoroughly rewarding career. In this account of chronological research experiences, selected examples are used to
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Selective Identification of Phenylalanine Using Cucurbit[7,8]uril-Based Fluorescent Probes Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Xiao-Xia Li; Wei-Tao Xu; Xin-Yu Deng; Li-Fei Tian; Ying Huang; Zhu Tao
The interactions of two host–guest inclusion complexes comprised of cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) and cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) with a derivative of toluidine blue O (TB) have been investigated using 1H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental results revealed that the Q[7] host interacts with a TB molecule to form a 1 : 1 inclusion complex and the Q[8] host interacts with two TB guest molecules to
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NMR Chemical Shift and Methylation of 4-Nitroimidazole: Experiment and Theory Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Frederick Backler; Marc Antoine Sani; Frances Separovic; Vladislav Vasilyev; Feng Wang
Nitroimidazoles and derivatives are a class of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) first introduced sixty years ago. As anti-infection agents, the structure–activity relationships of nitroimidazole compounds have been particularly difficult to study due to their low reduction potentials and unique electronic structures. In this study, we combine dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced solid-state
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Initiation of RAFT Polymerization: Electrochemically Initiated RAFT Polymerization in Emulsion (Emulsion eRAFT), and Direct PhotoRAFT Polymerization of Liquid Crystalline Monomers Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 Caroline Bray; Guoxin Li; Almar Postma; Lisa T. Strover; Jade Wang; Graeme Moad
We report on two important advances in radical polymerization with reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT polymerization). (1) Electrochemically initiated emulsion RAFT (eRAFT) polymerization provides rapid polymerization of styrene at ambient temperature. The electrolytes and mediators required for eRAFT are located in the aqueous continuous phase separate from the low-molar-mass-dispersity
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A Facile Microwave and SnCl 2 Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Nicholas S. O'Brien; Adam McCluskey
An elegantly simple, facile, and robust approach to a scaffold of biological importance, 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones, is reported. A catalytic 1 % SnCl2/microwave-mediated approach afforded access to pure material, collected by cooling and filtration after 20-min microwave irradiation at 120°C. A total of 41 analogues were prepared in isolated yields of 17–99 %. This process was highly tolerant
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Furoate Based Functionalised Ionic Liquid: Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-15 R. Rama; S. Meenakshi; J. Manjunathan; G. Abirami; S. Karthikeyan
A tetraalkyl ammonium cation and furoate anion based functionalised ionic liquid (FIL), N-methyl-N,N,N-trioctylammonium furoate ([MTOA]+[FA]–) has been synthesised and characterised using FT-IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopic techniques. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the synthesised FIL against two types of Gram-positive bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter faecalis as well as
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Photochemically Induced Solid State Dimerisation of Resveratrol Analogues: A Greener Synthetic Process Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Basil Danylec; Eva M. Campi; Craig M. Forsyth; Reinhard I. Boysen; Milton T. W. Hearn
The photochemical dimerisation of resveratrol analogues in the solid state to generate chiral phenyl substituted cyclobutanes is described. NMR spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic methods have confirmed that the dimerisation leads to the head to tail orientation of the phenyl group substituents in the cyclobutane derivative. Interestingly, the parent compound, resveratrol, in the solid state,
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Understanding the Mechanism of Activation/Deactivation of GLP-1R via Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulation Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Xiuchan Xiao; Miao Qin; Fuhui Zhang; Yan Su; Bo Zhou; Zheng Zhou
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), as a member of the class B G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose level signal recognition through its activation. The conformation changes during the activation pathway are of particular importance for its function. To investigate the activation mechanism of GLP-1R, the crystal structures of active and inactive
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Cannabis Phytochemicals: A Review of Phytocannabinoid Chemistry and Bioactivity as Neuroprotective Agents Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 Dylan T. Marsh; Scott D. Smid
With the advent of medical cannabis usage globally, there has been a renewed interest in exploring the chemical diversity of this unique plant. Cannabis produces hundreds of unique phytocannabinoids, which not only have diverse chemical structures but also a range of cellular and molecular actions, interesting pharmacological properties, and biological actions. In addition, it produces other flavonoids
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Bismuth(III) Thiophosphinates: Understanding How a Small Atomic Change Influences Antibacterial Activity and Mammalian Cell Viability Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-18 Dimuthu C. Senevirathna; Rebekah N. Duffin; Liam J. Stephens; Megan E. Herdman; Melissa V. Werrett; Philip C. Andrews
Diphenylphosphinothioic acid (HSP(=O)Ph2) and diphenylphosphinodithioic acid (HSP(=S)Ph2) have been used to synthesise four BiIII complexes: 1 [Bi(SP(=O)Ph2)3], 2 [BiPh(SP(=O)Ph2)2], 3 [BiPh2(SP(=O)Ph2)], and 4 [Bi(SP(=S)Ph2)3], using BiPh3 and [Bi(OtBu)3] as bismuth sources. The complexes have been characterised by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction
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Electrochemically Exfoliated Graphene/Manganese Dioxide Nanowire Composites as Electrode Materials for Flexible Supercapacitors Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-22 Xinfeng Guo; Xinling Yu; Lidong Sun; Liqing Chen; Cui Liu; Shudong Zhang; Zhenyang Wang; Lanli Chen; Nian Li
Flexible supercapacitors are of great significance for the development of intelligent electronic products and wearable devices. Herein, through reasonable design, self-supporting flexible film composites that can be used as supercapacitor electrodes, are synthesised by vacuum filtration. The composites are composed of electrochemically exfoliated graphene nanosheets and MnO2 nanowires, in which the
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Copper Complexes of Benzoylacetone Bis-Thiosemicarbazones: Metal and Ligand Based Redox Reactivity Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Jessica K. Bilyj; Jeffrey R. Harmer; Paul V. Bernhardt
Bis-thiosemicarbazones derived from the β-diketone benzoylacetone (H3banR, R = Me, Et, Ph) are potentially tetradentate N2S2 ligands whose coordination chemistry with copper is reported. In the absence of oxygen and in the presence of base they form anionic CuII complexes of the fully deprotonated ligands [CuII(banR)]–. Upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen they undergo a complex series of reactions
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Synthesis and Characterisation of Photolabile SPhNPPOC-Protected (R)-MiniPEG Containing Chiral γ-Peptide Nucleic Acid Monomers Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Qingteng Lai; Bo Dong; Kaixuan Nie; Huanhuan Shi; Bo Liang; Zhengchun Liu
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) microarrays are expected to be developed as a new generation of gene detection tools. However, poor water solubility and the limitation of the sequence design of achiral PNA probes mainly hinder their application. Accordingly, (R)-diethylene glycol containing a chiral PNA (miniPEG-γPNA) has been developed to solve these problems. Light-directed synthesis is an effective method
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Structural Characteristics of Low-Aromaticity Marine and Lacustrine Oil Shales and their NaOH-HCl Kerogens Determined Using 13 C NMR and XPS Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Mohammad W. Amer; Jameel S. Aljariri Alhesan; Thomas Gengenbach; Marc Marshall; Yi Fei; W. Roy Jackson; Alan L. Chaffee
Few comparisons have been made between low-aromaticity marine and lacustrine oil shales and their kerogens, because the reliability of structural analyses has been limited by a reliance on only one method of kerogen isolation, HCl-HF. Therefore, a detailed analysis by 13C NMR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was made for Attrat marine oil shale (Jordan) and Colorado (Green River) lacustrine
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Studies on Thiourea Catalysed Bromocycloetherification and Bromolactonisations Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Venkatachalam Pitchumani; David W. Lupton
Lewis base catalysed halofunctionalisation reactions of alkenes are well established and allow access to, among others, various oxygen containing heterocycles. By exploiting the known conversion of N-heterocyclic carbenes into the corresponding thioureas it has been possible to prepare and study a range of chiral and non-chiral Lewis base catalysts for such reactions. Although all thiourea catalysts
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Electrochemically Directed Synthesis of Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) TCNQF 2 1–/2– Coordination Polymers: Solubility and Substituent Effects in the TCNQF n (n=0, 1, 2, 4) Series of Complexes Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Nguyen T. Vo; Alan M. Bond; Lisandra L. Martin
The reversible diffusion controlled cyclic voltammetry for the reduction of TCNQFn0/1–/2– (where n = 0, 1, 2, 4) changes significantly on addition of Co2+ and Ni2+ transition metal ions (M2+) because the kinetics associated with electrocrystallisation of the resulting coordination polymers [M(TCNQF2)2(H2O)2] and [M(TCNQF2)] are rapid on the voltammetric time scale. The voltammetry of solutions containing
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Synthesis of Atomically Thin CdTe Nanoplatelets by Using Polytelluride Tellurium Precursors Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 Fei Wang; Shaghraf Javaid; Wei Chen; Aixiang Wang; Mark A. Buntine; Guohua Jia
Colloidal two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanocrystals are of great importance due to their remarkable optical and electronic properties. Herein, shape-controllable synthesis of 2D wurtzite CdTe nanoplatelets (NPLs) by simply tailoring the reactivity of a tellurium (Te) precursor is reported. Ribbon-, shield-, and bullet-like 2D CdTe NPLs were prepared by a stepwise conversion from CdTe magic-size
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Preparation and Structures of Rare Earth 3-Benzoylpropanoates and 3-Phenylpropanoates Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 Nicholas C. Thomas; Owen A. Beaumont; Glen B. Deacon; Cornelius Gaertner; Craig M. Forsyth; Anthony E. Somers; Peter C. Junk
Rare earth (RE) complexes of 3-benzoylpropanoate (bp), [RE(bp)3(H2O)n] (RE = La, n = 2; RE = Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Yb, n = 1) and 3-phenylpropanoate (pp), [RE(pp)3] (RE = Y, La, Ce, Nd, Yb), have been prepared by metathesis reactions between the corresponding rare earth chloride and the appropriate sodium carboxylate. Analysis by single-crystal X-ray diffraction finds that both RE bp and pp complexes favour
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Synthesis, Characterisation, and Determination of Physical Properties of New Two-Protonic Acid Ionic Liquid and its Catalytic Application in the Esterification Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 Zohreh Shahnavaz; Lia Zaharani; Nader Ghaffari Khaligh; Taraneh Mihankhah; Mohd Rafie Johan
A new ionic liquid was synthesised, and its chemical structure was elucidated by FT-IR, 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and mass analyses. Some physical properties, thermal behaviour, and thermal stability of this ionic liquid were investigated. The formation of a two-protonic acid salt namely 4,4′-trimethylene-N,N′-dipiperidinium sulfate instead of 4,4′-trimethylene-N,N′-dipiperidinium hydrogensulfate was evidenced
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Synthesis of a Novel Library of 1-Substituted Pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-08-28 Satyanarayana Gadde; Yun Cheuk Leung; Mohan Bhadbade; Belamy B. Cheung; David StC. Black; Naresh Kumar
The reactivity and synthesis of new analogues of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles have been explored. Twenty-three derivatives bearing phenoxy, thiophenoxy, aniline, and aryl groups at the 1-position were successfully synthesised in 25–91 % yield, via nucleophilic substitution, Buchwald–Hartwig amination, and Suzuki coupling type processes. Solvent free synthetic protocols were employed to achieve the nucleophilic
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Some Products from C=O Condensations of Quinacridones Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-08-25 Anthony S. R. Chesman; Andris J. Liepa
Quinacridone chemistry has been developed which provides a source of new compounds that have potential application in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Phosphoryl chloride is used for the conversion of carbonyl groups in N,N′-dialkylquinacridones, generating reactive intermediates that enable selective condensation with either one or two nucleophilic molecules under mild conditions.
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Further, Small-Molecule Pyrolysis Products Derived from Chitin Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Maryam Nikahd; Jiri Mikusek; Martin G. Banwell; Li-Juan Yu; Michelle L. Coote; Michael G. Gardiner
In an ongoing study of the products formed on pyrolysis of chitin (4) under a range of conditions, we now detail the isolation and characterisation of the crystalline and hitherto undetected pyridine N-oxide 18 and enamide 19. Pathways for the formation of these products have been proposed and subjected to both experimental and computational assessment.
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Gold Catalysed 1,4-Enyne Acetate Strategy for the Synthesis of 1H-Indenes and Partially Hydrogenated Methanonaphtho[1,2-c]furan-1,3(4H)-diones Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 Xiaoyu Chen; Andrew Thomas Holm; Philip Wai Hong Chan
A synthetic method to prepare 1H-indenes and partially hydrogenated methanonaphtho[1,2-c]furan-1,3(4H)-diones from gold(i)-catalysed 1,4-enyne acetate cycloisomerisation and oxidation or Diels–Alder reaction with maleic anhydride is described. The proposed mechanism involves Rautenstrauch rearrangement of the 1,4-enyne motif to give an in situ formed 1,3-cyclopentadiene intermediate. This is followed
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Leptanoine D, a New Quinoline Alkaloid from the Australian Tree Pitaviaster haplophyllus (Rutaceae) Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-08-21 Luke P. Robertson; Vivek Makwana; Tanja M. Voser; Darren C. Holland; Anthony R. Carroll
One new furoquinoline alkaloid, leptanoine D (1) and nine known alkaloids 2–10 were isolated from Pitaviaster haplophyllus. Leptanoine D (1) contains a typically unstable vinyl ether moiety and was structurally elucidated based on 2D NMR, (+)-HR-ESI-MS, and ECD data. The structures of the known furoquinoline alkaloids leptanoine A (11) and B (12) have also been revised. Compounds 1–10 were screened
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CO 2 -Responsive Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brush with Multi-Stimulation for Reversible Protein Immobilization and Release Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-08-21 Rui Zhang; Qionglong Fu; Di Zhu; Zheqi Shen; Keming Zhou; Yuan Yao; Xuedong Zhu
Multi-responsive materials have received extensive interest in many areas due to their smart characteristics. This paper presents rationally designed multi-responsive spherical polyelectolyte brushes composed of a solid polystyrene (PS) core and a poly (2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) shell synthesized by photoemulsion polymerization. Based on dynamic light scattering, Zeta potential
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Electronically Induced Steric Clash: Synthesis of NMe 2 -Modified β-Diketiminate-Supported Boron Difluoride Compounds Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-08-21 Balasubramanian Murugesapandian; Rakesh Ganguly; Peter T. K. Lee; Milena Petkovic; Jason A. C. Clyburne; Dragoslav Vidovic
We report on the synthesis and structural features of NMe2-modified β-diketiminate-supported boron difluoride compounds (LArBF2: LAr = [HC(NAr)2(CNMe2)2]–; LPh: Ar = Ph; LTol: Ar = p-tolyl; LXyl: Ar = m-xylyl). The title compounds were prepared in moderate yields (~65 %) by in situ deprotonation of the corresponding ligands LArH using KH, followed by the addition of BF3OEt2. According to solid-state
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Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Catalyst Design for Biorefining Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 Alexander C. Lamb; Adam F. Lee; Karen Wilson
Biorefineries are a new concept in chemical manufacturing in which naturally occurring, sustainable biomass resources such as forestry and agricultural waste are converted to diverse fuel and chemical product streams, akin to the processing of non-renewable fossil fuels by petrochemical refineries. Biomass derived from waste agricultural and forestry materials or non-food crops offers the most easily
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Dendronised Polymers as Templates for In Situ Quantum Dot Synthesis Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 Alaa M. Munshi; Jessica A. Kretzmann; Cameron W. Evans; Anna M. Ranieri; Zibeon Schildkraut; Massimiliano Massi; Marck Norret; Martin Saunders; K. Swaminathan Iyer
The utility of dendrimers as effective carriers for targeted drug delivery and imaging has been facilitated by a high degree of molecular uniformity, narrow molecular weight distribution, tunable size and shape characteristics, and multivalency. Dendrimer–quantum dot (QD) nanocomposites have traditionally been synthesised by electrostatic self-assembly of preformed dendrimers and QDs, but higher generations
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Low Temperature Synthesis of TiO 2 Nanoparticles with Tuneable Phase Composition and their Photocatalytic Activity Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 Jeannie Z. Y. Tan; Natalita M. Nursam; Fang Xia; Xingdong Wang; Rachel A. Caruso
The effect of TiCl4 concentration on the phase transformations among the TiO2 polymorphs was studied using in situ powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Interestingly, the primarily amorphous TiO2 solid obtained after thermolysis of TiCl4 at 80°C contained some anatase and rutile phases for low (≤18 mM) and high (≥27 mM) TiCl4 concentrations, respectively. These samples produced anatase
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Encapsulation and Controlled Release of the Therapeutic Neuropeptides Somatostatin and Oxytocin from the Lipidic Bicontinuous Cubic Phase Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 Jamie B. Strachan; Durga Dharmadana; Brendan P. Dyett; Céline Valéry; Charlotte E. Conn
Therapeutic delivery of neuropeptides including oxytocin and somatostatin is associated with numerous difficulties including low stability, low oral bioavailability, and a short half-life in vivo. For delivery to the brain, these issues are exacerbated by difficulties in crossing the blood–brain barrier. Lipid-based nanomaterials may offer specific advantages for the delivery of therapeutic peptides
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Crosslinking of Self-Assembled Protein–Polymer Conjugates with Divanillin Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-06-19 Zihao Li; Yanyan Jiang; Kilian Wüst; Manuela Callari; Martina H. Stenzel
Protein-based materials are widely used in biomedical applications. Often the proteins need to be crosslinked in order to be stable for application. Here, we explored the use of 5,5′-bisvanillin as a potentially non-toxic crosslinker that can react with lysine residues on proteins. To demonstrate the success of the crosslinking reaction, polymer–protein conjugates based on bovine serum albumin (BSA)
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Synthesis and Characterisation of Two Lithium Tetramethylberyllate Salts and a Series of β-Diketiminato Beryllium Alkyl Complexes Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-06-19 Albert Paparo; Caspar N. de Bruin-Dickason; Cameron Jones
A safer route than that previously published for the synthesis of [BeI2(OEt2)2] has been developed. Reactions of beryllium dihalide complexes [BeX2(OEt2)2] (X = Br or I) with either LiMe or LiBun lead to mixtures of products, which have been shown to act as sources of ‘BeR2’ (R = Me or Bun) in previous synthetic studies. Here, a titration method has been developed to determine the quantity of metal
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Fluorescence Enhancement Method for Enrofloxacin Extraction by Core–Shell Magnetic Microspheres Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-06-19 Linyan Yang; Leiming Fu; Boxin Li; Jifei Ma; Cun Li; Tianming Jin; Wen Gu
In this work, we present novel kinds of γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-NH2-CMC/MOF5 and γ-Fe2O3@SiO2-NH2-CMC/IRMOF3 magnetic metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles which possess both magnetic characteristics and fluorescent properties. Here, [Zn4O(bdc)3] (MOF-5, bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) is a kind of shell. IRMOF3, a known MOF with a cubic topology prepared from Zn(NO3)24H2O and 2-amino-1,4-benzene dicarboxylic
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Decontamination of Fentanyl and Fentanyl Analogues in Field and Laboratory Settings: A Review of Fentanyl Degradation Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-06-19 Mikaela M. Bazley; Michael Logan; Christina Baxter; Avril A. B. Robertson; Joanne T. Blanchfield
On account of their efficacy as µ-opioid receptor agonists, fentanyl and fentanyl analogues (‘fentanyls’) have fallen into favour within the illicit drug community. Consequently, there has been a significant public health crisis, unfolding across many countries, involving fentanyls and other synthetic opioids. Because of the potency of these opioids, even low-level contamination represents an immediate
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A Porous Co II -MOF for CO 2 Cycloaddition and the Protective Effect against Staphylococcus aureus Systemic Infection in the Department of Ultrasound Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 Jin Cai; Peng-Fei Zou
A new metal-organic framework (MOF) based on CoII ions as nodes, [Co2(H2O)3(cada)](DMF)4, which has coordinated water molecules at the occupied CoII sites along with a suitable pore environment, was constructed by reaction of 5,5′-(9H-carbazole-2,7-diyl)diisophthalic acid (H4cada) and Co(NO3)2·6H2O in a water and DMF mixed solvent. The resulting activated MOF 1ais able to uptake considerable amounts
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Versatile Colorimetric Chemosensor Based on Bis(rhodamine) B Hydrazone for Rapid Detection of Multi-Analytes (Fe 3+ , Bi 3+ , Cu 2+ , and Hg 2+ ) in Aqueous Media Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-06-22 Tamer El Malah; Hany F. Nour
A new bis(rhodamine) B hydrazone L, bearing two rhodamine chromophores, has been designed and synthesised in 70 % yield. The chemical structure of the new ligand L was characterised using different spectroscopic techniques. The receptor L was utilised for rapid ‘naked eye’ detection of Fe3+, Bi3+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ in THF–H2O (1 : 1, v/v) by displaying significant colour changes. The mechanism of detection
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1H,4H-Piperazine-diium Dichlorosulfonate: Structure Elucidation and its Dual Solvent–Catalyst Activity for the Synthesis of New Dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Scaffolds Aust. J. Chem. (IF 1.073) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Lia Zaharani; Nader Ghaffari Khaligh; Taraneh Mihankhah; Mohd Rafie Johan
A new ionic liquid containing a 1H,4H-piperazine-diium ring and chlorosulfonate as a 1,4-dicationic core and counter ion, respectively, was designed and synthesised. The structure elucidation of this ionic liquid was conducted by 1D and 2D NMR, FT-IR, Raman, and mass spectrum analysis. The physical properties of this ionic liquid were determined and reported. Furthermore, the dual solvent–catalyst
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