Abstract Diamondoids were separated from protodiamondoids (precursors of diamondoids) in a saturated fraction (150–350°C) of crude oil by thermal diffusion. It was found that in the course of thermal diffusion separation, C10–C13 adamantanes (tricyclo[3,3,1,13,7]decanes) and C14–C16 diamantanes (pentacyclo[7,3,1,14,12,02,7,06,11]tetradecanes) are separated from the corresponding protoadamantanes and

Abstract Thermal cracking of C5-deasphalted oil (C5-DAO) was performed in a batch reactor at 410°C in the absence and presence of H2 gas and catalysts. Coke was formed during the thermal cracking of C5-DAO even though the feed contained no asphaltenes. Although H2 suppressed asphaltene formation and decreased the coke yield, coke was still formed in the absence of a catalyst. A slurry-phase dispersed

Abstract A number of process solutions for one-step synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME), including a step of its recovery from the gaseous and liquid phases, were reviewed. It was demonstrated that energy-intensive absorption is the most common method for DME recovery from a gaseous stream containing syngas components. It was also shown that the world licensors of one-step DME synthesis provide for an

Abstract Sapropel hydroliquefaction in supercritical ethanol at 260°С and a pressure of 18 MPa in the presence of СоМо/Al2O3 catalyst was studied. The maximal conversion of the sapropel organic matter (~76%) in supercritical ethanol is reached when adding gaseous hydrogen and a catalyst. The process is accompanied by removal of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur and by an increase in the hydrogen content

Abstract In this paper, a new model is proposed for wax precipitation. Fugacity of the solid phase is calculated indirectly by considering the fugacity of the pure liquid phase. In this approach, crude oil is divided into five pseudo components using the SARA test results. Solubility parameters were calculated by SRK (Soave Modification of Redlich Kwong) equation of state, and the composition of components

Abstract The study of isoamylene oligomerization over a number of microporous zeolites such as H–Y, H–MOR, H–Beta, H–ZSM-12, and H–ZSM-5 revealed that the isoamylene conversion rate decreases in the following order: H–MOR > H–Y > H–Beta-40 >> H–ZSM-12 > H–ZSM-5. The maximum yields of isoamylene oligomers were achieved by using H–MOR (85.0%), H–Y (80.1%), and H–Beta-40 (79.8%). The predominant isoamylene

Abstract The effect of lanthanum concentration on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of HZSM-5 zeolite in a reaction of toluene alkylation with isopropanol was studied in a temperature range of 250–350°C. Based on the data obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (BET method), and IR spectroscopy, it was shown that an increase in lanthanum concentration

Abstract An ultra-sensitive modified catalytic spectrophotometric method for vanadium determination in lubricating oils was developed. The method was based on catalytic effect of vanadium(V) on N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) oxidation by bromate. The oxidized product was spectrophotometrically measured at 550 nm after 30 min from starting the reaction. Thirty activators at different concentrations

Abstract Composite catalysts containing molybdenum are mostly used for the purpose of hydrogenation in the oil refining industries. These treatment processes leave behind a large amount of used catalyst. These worn-out catalysts can be a secondary source of metal recovery for molybdenum and increase environmental awareness. In this paper, molybdenum recovery from worn-out catalysts has been investigated

Abstract In this paper gasification performance of Mazut of Iran’s refineries based on Gibbs free energy minimization is studied. A parametric study was performed in order to investigate the effects of different agents (oxygen, air, and steam), equivalence ratio and gasifier pressure on syngas composition, gasification temperature, high heating value, cold gas efficiency, and exergy efficiency. The

Abstract Cold flow properties of Iranian crude oil have been investigated by two different imidazolium ionic liquids including 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium reduce the pour point up to bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([C12min](NTf2]) and 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([C14min](NTf2]). ([C14min](NTf2]) showed high ability to 12°C optimal performance by addition

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Abstract Mathematical models of methane decomposition during its pyrolysis, including nonstationary diffusion equations with and without taking into account the convective component of the decomposition process, have been developed and verified. Their exact analytical solutions have been obtained and further used in the study of a mathematical model of the formation of solid carbon particles arising

Abstract The distribution of saturated biomarker hydrocarbons (n-alkanes, isoprenanes, steranes, terpanes) in extracts of the soluble part and thermolysis products of the insoluble part of biomass of the Shewanella putrefaciens bacteria isolated from crude oil of the Dagang field and in the products of thermolysis of asphaltenes from the same oil have been studied by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Abstract A study of methanol steam reforming (MSR) in the presence of a Ni0.2–Cu0.8/Ce0.3Zr0.7O2-δ catalyst in conventional and membrane reactors has revealed that the hydrogen yield in a reactor with a Pd–Cu membrane is higher than that in a conventional flow reactor. It has been shown that the Pd–Cu alloy membrane exhibits high hydrogen permeability. Methanol steam reforming in the membrane reactor

Abstract To support the industrial design and process development for the separation of xylenol isomers from coal tar, the present work was focused on 2,4/2,5-xylenol mixture as 2,4-xylenol and 2,5-xylenol have very close boiling points. Specifically, the kinetics of the alkylation of 2,4/2,5-xylenol mixture was investigated that formed the first step of the alkylation-distillation-dealkylation separation

Abstract Four hindered phenolic esters were prepared by esterification between 3-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and fatty alcohols. The synthesized esters were characterised by NMR, IR and ESI-MS and analysed for their antioxidant properties and thermal stability. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Rancimat studies were conducted to explore the effect of synthesized compounds

Abstract This review deals with heterogeneous hydroformylation catalysts, specifically metal complexes fixed in an organic polymer structure. It describes the main catalyst synthesis methods, provides data on hydroformylation of unsaturated compounds (including asymmetric hydroformylation), and shows how those compounds can be used. The special focus is on the systematization of data on heterogeneous

Abstract A number of cracking catalyst samples containing Me–Mg–Al mixed oxides have been prepared. Cobalt, zinc, copper, and cerium were used as additional metals in the mixed oxide composition. When studying the cracking of a vacuum gas oil–sunflower oil mixture, catalysts containing Co–Mg–Al or Zn–Mg–Al mixed oxides were found to increase both the conversion rate of the mixed feedstock by 5.0 wt

Abstract A series of experiments in conversion of nitrogen-rich (above 40 vol %) syngas to produce dimethyl ether (DME) was carried out in a flow-through pilot installation. Two commercial catalysts, specifically a DV-8-2 methanol catalyst and a γ-Al2O3 dehydration catalyst, were used as components of a bifunctional catalyst. The paper introduces the concept of reacting gas, the content of which in

Abstract The structure of Fe-containing components of the carbon adsorbent prepared from the residue after carbon dioxide lignin reforming stimulated by microwave radiation was studied before and after the m-cresol sorption. As shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the prevalent state of iron in the samples is Fe3+. The revealed “apparent decrease in the iron content” after the adsorbent

Abstract Effect of a GBK acidic system developed by the Institute of Petroleum Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (IPC SB RAS), on the composition of oil produced and on the reservoir microflora has been studied under both laboratory and field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, the integrated effect of the reservoir microflora and the acidic system manifested itself

Abstract The pore structure of the new adsorbent prepared from carbon-containing residues after catalytic carbon dioxide reforming of lignin of wood origin and the features of m-cresol chemisorption on this adsorbent were studied. The main step of the pore structure formation is treatment of the iron-containing carbon residue with carbon dioxide in a plasma catalytic mode, stimulated by microwave radiation

Abstract Principles of a rapid method for monitoring biodeterioration of technical fluids were developed with metalworking fluids as examples. Physicochemical and operation properties of spent metalworking fluids were considered. The loss of the biological resistance of metalworking fluids leads to irreversible changes in the physicochemical and operation properties. A bank of test microorganisms required

Abstract This review addresses the current state of utilization of various types of lubrication oil additives and summarizes available information on the latest achievements in the development of additives. The advancement of research in this area is mainly influenced by technological progress and especially by the emergence of direct-injection engines, more stringent environmental standards, as well

Abstract The propane conversion in a membrane reactor with NIAP–03-01 commercial Ni catalyst at temperatures of 673, 723, 773, and 823 K, feed space velocities of 1800 and 3600 h–1, and steam/propane ratios of 5 and 7 was studied. The Н2 removal through the membrane leads to an increase in the conversion of the feed to Н2 and СО2 formed by the water-gas shift reaction. The conversion in this reaction

Abstract The results of recent research on the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from biomass are summarized. Alternative types of catalytic fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass of diverse origin into bio-oil, as well as catalysts and carriers for the bio-oil hydrodeoxygenation process are reviewed. HZSM-5 zeolite is widely used as a catalyst for a biomass pyrolysis process. Oxygen-containing

Abstract A novel method for incorporation of palladium nanoparticles into a porous hypercrosslinked polystyrene matrix has been developed. The composite obtained by reduction of [Pd(π-allyl)Cl]2 with hydrogen in supercritical CO2 shows high catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of benzene and can be used twelve (12) times in a row without any decrease in conversion rate. The catalyst is also suitable

Abstract Coal tar pitch (CTP) is an important heavy carbon resource. Its effective utilization largely depends on the full structural evaluation of CTP. In this paper, the CTP from Shanxi Datuhe coal tar distillation plant was adopted as the sample (DCTP). Multiple analytical equipments including X-ray diffractometer spectrometer, solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, and X-ray photoelectron

Abstract In this study, the adsorption of Algerian asphaltene sample extracted from Hassi Messaoud oil field is conducted for the first time. The adsorption process was performed using novel synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3). γ-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles were in-house synthesized and characterized by an array of techniques using, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), high-resolution transmission electron

Abstract Catalysts Pd-NSMR and Ru-NSMR based on palladium and ruthenium nanoparticles deposited on a nanospherical mesoporous resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer are synthesized. It is shown that the average size of polymer particles is 220–250 nm and the average size of palladium and ruthenium nanoparticles is 7.2 and 2.2 nm, respectively. The catalysts are tested in guaiacol hydrogenation at a temperature

Abstract Using nanodiamonds of the UDD-STP brand 1 wt % palladium-containing nanodiamonds are obtained and tested as catalysts of tetrachloromethane hydrodechlorination under mild conditions (solvents, ethanol and methanol; Т = 298–318 K; \({{P}_{{{{{\text{H}}}_{2}}}}}\) = 0.1 MPa). The catalytic properties of the obtained material and a palladium-containing analog based on activated carbon are compared

Abstract Copper-containing catalytic slurries with different concentrations of active metal precursor solutions are synthesized by drop thermolysis in situ in the hydrocarbon medium of a slurry reactor. According to dynamic light scattering, the particle size of the catalytic slurry dispersion phase is 3–4.5 nm and it remains almost unchanged during the synthesis. Using FTIR spectroscopy it is shown

To enhance the resistance of a metal-organic frameworks(MOF) to a change in the medium pH composite materials are synthesized from Cu-BTC (MOF-199) and activated carbons of various brands (AR-V, AGN-2, ART-1, BAU-A, MeKS). It is shown that the highest stability is exhibited by a material synthesized using activated carbon AR-V with the highest acidity of the surface as a matrix. The targeted increase

Abstract A comparative study of two methods of ion exchange of a NaX zeolite molded with a binder is performed. The first method (I) consists in the successive treatment of the zeolite with solutions of calcium, lanthanum, and ammonium nitrates at 80°C under stirring over granules with the use of intermediate dryings and calcinations after each ion exchange. The second method (II) involves the successive

Abstract A multistage synthesis of the catalyst for the gas-phase alkylation of benzene with ethylene is implemented. A highly active catalyst is synthesized from zeolite ZSM-5 using thermal-vapor treatment. The obtained catalyst possesses an optimal acidity, which makes it possible to achieve a higher yield of ethylbenzene compared to the commercial catalyst based on ZSM-5 (88 and 62.7 wt %, respectively)

Abstract Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles with an average size of 52 ± 5 nm are synthesized by wet combustion of the extract of coronate saw-wort (Serratula coronata L.) growing on the territory of Central Kazakhstan. The complex study of the structure and composition of the synthesized nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray phase analysis shows that

Abstract The active use of transition metal phosphides in catalysis commenced at the beginning of the 2000s primarily in hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation reactions. Owing to an increased interest in biomass-based feedstocks the intensive use of phosphides in hydrodeoxygenation reactions started in the first part of the 2010s. In earlier reviews devoted to phosphides, which were published

Abstract The activity of solid electrolytes from the family of Na(Cs)–Mx–Zr phosphates (NZP and CZP) with dopant ions M+2 = Co+2 and Ni+2 synthesized by the sol–gel method is studied in the gas-phase transformations of isopropanol and isobutanol. It is found that the amount of M+2 and its nature, as well as the direction of a change in the catalyst temperature (heating or cooling in the range of 473−693

Abstract The regularities of formation of suspensions of dispersed molybdenum-containing catalyst nanosized particles synthesized in situ in heavy petrochemical feedstock with various compositions are studied depending on hydroconversion conditions. Ammonium heptamolybdate is used as a precursor. The following parameters are varied in the experiments: the precursor catalyst concentration, within 0–1%

Abstract In this paper, the effect of ultrasonic wave was evaluated on viscosity and pour point of heavy oil. The effects of time, temperature and power on the viscosity reduction of heavy oil were tested at first. The results showed that ultrasonic wave can reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil from Jinghe Oilfield effectively with the highest viscosity reduction of 87.2%. Then the pour point depressing

Abstract Optimal formulations of low-viscosity marine fuel (LMF) involving heavy diesel fractions of secondary origin and containing cold flow improvers and antioxidants have been found by mathematical modeling using the pour point, sulfur content, and density as critical parameters. The experimentally obtained characteristics of laboratory LMF samples prepared according to the calculated formulations

Abstract Molybdenum and tungsten catalysts, PAF-30-Mo and PAF-30-W, synthesized based on a porous aromatic framework PAF-30 have been tested in the epoxidation of cyclohexene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The influence of the temperature and the substrate to oxidant ratio on the characteristic features of the process has been studied. It has been shown that the catalysts exhibit high activity and

Abstract The mechanism of interaction of adamantane with propylene has been studied by quantum-chemical calculations within the density functional theory (DFT). It has been shown that the main products of adamantane alkylation with propylene in the presence of acid catalysts are hydrocarbons with unbranched (normal-chain) substituents, 1-n-propyl- and 1-n-propenyladamantanes. The main stages of adamantane

Abstract In the present study, a typical metal-organic framework has been employed for preparation of a novel active Fischer–Tropsch Co–Ni catalyst. Co–Ni catalyst was prepared by glycine–MOF combustion method and was heated in a tube furnace (2°C min–1) under air at 750°C for 6 h. Scanning electron micrograph of metal-organic framework shows regularly cubic shaped crystals and they were being deformed

Abstract The paper presents a review of scientific research in the field of oxidative desulfurization of petroleum fractions with atmospheric oxygen (as an oxidizing agent) published over the past 15–20 years. A comparative analysis of various catalytic systems in this field has been carried out. Promising areas for the development of an effective catalytic system for oxidative desulfurization processes

Abstract M7 block of Santanghu oilfield is an abnormal low temperature tight oil reservoir. The effective development is very difficult. In this paper, we develop a new composite viscosity reducer called CSY-1. The synergistic effect of these agents provides the reducer with both dispersion and emulsification capacities. Based on orthogonal experiment and cost evaluation, the optimum formula of CSY-1

Abstract A comprehensive study of urea greases obtained on the basis of Group I distillate oils, which have a viscosity in the range from 24.4 to 342.0 mm2/s at 40°C, has been carried out. The results obtained have made it possible to reveal the dependence of various physicochemical parameters of greases (dropping point, ultimate strength, colloidal stability, wear rate) on the viscosity of the base

Abstract The distribution of vanadium and nickel upon hydroconversion of vacuum tower bottoms in the presence of slurried MoS2, Ni7S6, (NH4)0.25 ⋅ WO3, and Fe1 − xS nanoparticles has been studied. The experiments have been performed in an autoclave reactor and in a flow-through hydroconversion unit. It has been shown that the coke yield in hydrocracking reactions increases in the order MoS2, Ni7S6

Abstract New methane degradation nickel catalysts based on original and modified layered double hydroxides and multilayer carbon nanotubes have been synthesized. The synthesized systems have been characterized by a set of physicochemical methods, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and the thermal method. The catalytic activity of the synthesized

Abstract Results of a single-stage heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of zingerone and dehydrozingerone have been described. The prospects of the proposed approach have been shown; the main kinetic laws governing the reaction have been revealed. Optimum conditions for zingerone and dehydrozingerone synthesis providing a yield of the target products of 45.8 and 76.2%, respectively, have been found.

Abstract Results of the microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of lignin have been described. It has been shown that, in a medium of an inert gas (argon) and a hydrogen–argon mixture, the following maximum liquid yield is achieved: 33 and 36% for iron-containing catalyst samples and 45% for nickel-containing catalysts. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method has been used to determine

Abstract The features of the liquid-phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propylene glycol over Cu/Al2O3 catalysts (Cu = 2–80 wt %) and individual copper particles have been studied. It has been shown that the main factor determining the activity of the catalysts is the specific surface area of copper. It has been found that the Cu/Al2O3 catalyst containing 60 wt % Cu is the most efficient. A new

Abstract Highly efficient binder-free catalysts, based on zeolite Y, for the liquid-phase alkylation of benzene with ethylene have been synthesized. The catalysts have been modified by treating with aqueous solutions of hydrochloric and citric acids to remove extra-framework aluminum formed during the partial dealumination of zeolite Y. The synthesized catalysts have been tested in the alkylation of

Abstract The composition of sulfur-bound compounds of asphaltic–resinous substances of bitumen from oil shale sampled from the Dmitrievskoe deposit (Kuzbass) has been studied using the technique of selective chemical destruction. It has been shown that the structure of asphaltenes and resins contains moieties represented by alkanes, phenylalkanes, phenanthrenes, fluoranthenes, pyrenes, and methyl esters

Abstract The article highlights one of the important problems in oil refining, the compatibility of components in the formation of feedstock blends and marketable petroleum products. The principles of determining and controlling the kinetic stability of oil blends to phase separation are set out. Examples of incompatibility of components (crude oils, components of light and dark products, fuel additives)

Abstract From near-infrared spectrophotometry measurements, flocculation onset for an Algerian asphaltene in different toluene/non-solvent solutions were detected. The Hansen solubility parameters of the extracted asphaltene and sub-fractions were calculated and compared to ones of a set of good and bad solvents. The ranking of the different solvents according to Hansen solubility sphere method shows

Abstract Features of dry reforming of methane over perovskite-type complex oxide GdFeO3 synthesized by several methods (solid-phase, citrate–nitrate sol–gel, glycine–nitrate sol–gel syntheses) have been studied. It has been found that the use of the sol–gel method leads to the formation of porous catalysts consisting of nanosized particles. Significant differences in morphology and texture affect the

AbstractA promising method providing the practical implementation of synthesis of AlPO4-41 alumophosphate molecular sieve with high phase purity using boehmite, phosphoric acid, and diethylamine as the template has been proposed. It has been shown that the mixing of the precursors at room temperature leads to the formation of a gel consisting of diethylamine phosphate, an amorphous aluminophosphate