Abstract In this paper, the effect of ultrasonic wave was evaluated on viscosity and pour point of heavy oil. The effects of time, temperature and power on the viscosity reduction of heavy oil were tested at first. The results showed that ultrasonic wave can reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil from Jinghe Oilfield effectively with the highest viscosity reduction of 87.2%. Then the pour point depressing

Abstract Optimal formulations of low-viscosity marine fuel (LMF) involving heavy diesel fractions of secondary origin and containing cold flow improvers and antioxidants have been found by mathematical modeling using the pour point, sulfur content, and density as critical parameters. The experimentally obtained characteristics of laboratory LMF samples prepared according to the calculated formulations

Abstract Molybdenum and tungsten catalysts, PAF-30-Mo and PAF-30-W, synthesized based on a porous aromatic framework PAF-30 have been tested in the epoxidation of cyclohexene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The influence of the temperature and the substrate to oxidant ratio on the characteristic features of the process has been studied. It has been shown that the catalysts exhibit high activity and

Abstract The mechanism of interaction of adamantane with propylene has been studied by quantum-chemical calculations within the density functional theory (DFT). It has been shown that the main products of adamantane alkylation with propylene in the presence of acid catalysts are hydrocarbons with unbranched (normal-chain) substituents, 1-n-propyl- and 1-n-propenyladamantanes. The main stages of adamantane

Abstract In the present study, a typical metal-organic framework has been employed for preparation of a novel active Fischer–Tropsch Co–Ni catalyst. Co–Ni catalyst was prepared by glycine–MOF combustion method and was heated in a tube furnace (2°C min–1) under air at 750°C for 6 h. Scanning electron micrograph of metal-organic framework shows regularly cubic shaped crystals and they were being deformed

Abstract The paper presents a review of scientific research in the field of oxidative desulfurization of petroleum fractions with atmospheric oxygen (as an oxidizing agent) published over the past 15–20 years. A comparative analysis of various catalytic systems in this field has been carried out. Promising areas for the development of an effective catalytic system for oxidative desulfurization processes

Abstract M7 block of Santanghu oilfield is an abnormal low temperature tight oil reservoir. The effective development is very difficult. In this paper, we develop a new composite viscosity reducer called CSY-1. The synergistic effect of these agents provides the reducer with both dispersion and emulsification capacities. Based on orthogonal experiment and cost evaluation, the optimum formula of CSY-1

Abstract A comprehensive study of urea greases obtained on the basis of Group I distillate oils, which have a viscosity in the range from 24.4 to 342.0 mm2/s at 40°C, has been carried out. The results obtained have made it possible to reveal the dependence of various physicochemical parameters of greases (dropping point, ultimate strength, colloidal stability, wear rate) on the viscosity of the base

Abstract The distribution of vanadium and nickel upon hydroconversion of vacuum tower bottoms in the presence of slurried MoS2, Ni7S6, (NH4)0.25 ⋅ WO3, and Fe1 − xS nanoparticles has been studied. The experiments have been performed in an autoclave reactor and in a flow-through hydroconversion unit. It has been shown that the coke yield in hydrocracking reactions increases in the order MoS2, Ni7S6

Abstract New methane degradation nickel catalysts based on original and modified layered double hydroxides and multilayer carbon nanotubes have been synthesized. The synthesized systems have been characterized by a set of physicochemical methods, namely, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and the thermal method. The catalytic activity of the synthesized

Abstract Results of a single-stage heterogeneous catalytic synthesis of zingerone and dehydrozingerone have been described. The prospects of the proposed approach have been shown; the main kinetic laws governing the reaction have been revealed. Optimum conditions for zingerone and dehydrozingerone synthesis providing a yield of the target products of 45.8 and 76.2%, respectively, have been found.

Abstract Results of the microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of lignin have been described. It has been shown that, in a medium of an inert gas (argon) and a hydrogen–argon mixture, the following maximum liquid yield is achieved: 33 and 36% for iron-containing catalyst samples and 45% for nickel-containing catalysts. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method has been used to determine

Abstract The features of the liquid-phase hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2-propylene glycol over Cu/Al2O3 catalysts (Cu = 2–80 wt %) and individual copper particles have been studied. It has been shown that the main factor determining the activity of the catalysts is the specific surface area of copper. It has been found that the Cu/Al2O3 catalyst containing 60 wt % Cu is the most efficient. A new

Abstract Highly efficient binder-free catalysts, based on zeolite Y, for the liquid-phase alkylation of benzene with ethylene have been synthesized. The catalysts have been modified by treating with aqueous solutions of hydrochloric and citric acids to remove extra-framework aluminum formed during the partial dealumination of zeolite Y. The synthesized catalysts have been tested in the alkylation of

Abstract The composition of sulfur-bound compounds of asphaltic–resinous substances of bitumen from oil shale sampled from the Dmitrievskoe deposit (Kuzbass) has been studied using the technique of selective chemical destruction. It has been shown that the structure of asphaltenes and resins contains moieties represented by alkanes, phenylalkanes, phenanthrenes, fluoranthenes, pyrenes, and methyl esters

Abstract The article highlights one of the important problems in oil refining, the compatibility of components in the formation of feedstock blends and marketable petroleum products. The principles of determining and controlling the kinetic stability of oil blends to phase separation are set out. Examples of incompatibility of components (crude oils, components of light and dark products, fuel additives)

Abstract From near-infrared spectrophotometry measurements, flocculation onset for an Algerian asphaltene in different toluene/non-solvent solutions were detected. The Hansen solubility parameters of the extracted asphaltene and sub-fractions were calculated and compared to ones of a set of good and bad solvents. The ranking of the different solvents according to Hansen solubility sphere method shows

Abstract Features of dry reforming of methane over perovskite-type complex oxide GdFeO3 synthesized by several methods (solid-phase, citrate–nitrate sol–gel, glycine–nitrate sol–gel syntheses) have been studied. It has been found that the use of the sol–gel method leads to the formation of porous catalysts consisting of nanosized particles. Significant differences in morphology and texture affect the

AbstractA promising method providing the practical implementation of synthesis of AlPO4-41 alumophosphate molecular sieve with high phase purity using boehmite, phosphoric acid, and diethylamine as the template has been proposed. It has been shown that the mixing of the precursors at room temperature leads to the formation of a gel consisting of diethylamine phosphate, an amorphous aluminophosphate

AbstractThe influence of the temperature and duration of aging of a hydrogel on the particle size and morphology of crystals of LSX zeolite in the NaK-form has been studied. It has been found that hydrogel aging should be carried out at a temperature not exceeding 30°C for a time of 48–72 h to prepare crystals with a narrow particle size distribution and an average size of up to 2 μm.

AbstractMesoporous CeO2 has been prepared under hydrothermal conditions at 110–170°С in the presence of ionic and nonionic surfactants and characterized by SEM, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X-ray powder diffraction, and DTA–TG techniques. All synthesized samples had a specific surface area of up to 110 m2/g and a pore diameter of about 4 nm. It has been shown that the use of surfactants

AbstractThe influence of the nature of a modifying metal (Sc, La, Gd, Yb) on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of a high-silica zeolite of the TsVM type in the alkylation reaction of benzene with ethanol has been studied in a plug-flow- reactor unit in the temperature range of 350–450°C. It has been found that the activity and selectivity of the catalyst depend on the nature of the modifying

AbstractNovel catalyst systems based on CuBr2 supported on zeolite HY with a hierarchical pore structure have been proposed for benzyl butyl ether synthesis by the intermolecular dehydration of benzyl and butyl alcohols. It has been shown that catalyst systems with a CuBr2 content of ~10 wt % provide a benzyl butyl ether yield of ~95% at 150°C.

Abstractγ-Al2O3 is promising for catalytic ozonation because it produces HO° radicals. To improve its basicity and/or its oxidative character, highly mesoporous γ-Al2O3 was doped with different metals M alone or in mixture (M = Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Ba, Zr, Cu, Co, Ni, Ce, Ti, with 0.05 < M/Al < 0.5 molar ratio) prepared either by incipient wetness deposition or by direct sol-gel. Tests to determine the

AbstractThe effect of the rare-earth element (REE) content in dual-zeolite cracking catalysts on the conversion of n-dodecane and an n-dodecane–2-methylthiophene mixture (5000 ppm S) has been studied. The catalysts have been synthesized using zeolites Y and ZSM-5 modified with REEs and phosphorus, respectively, as the active component. It has been shown that the presence of REE oxides in zeolite Y

AbstractThis review presents the analysis of the characteristic features of the structure, synthesis methods, and physicochemical properties of embryos that form the basis of ZSM-5 zeolites. Various physicochemical characteristics of the embryos and nanocrystals of ZSM-5 (X-ray diffraction, textural characteristics, morphology, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) are discussed and

AbstractCore–shell type magnetic nanocomposites based on Beta zeolites and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. It has been revealed that the magnetic nanocomposites obtained have a high sorption capacity for the organic dye methylene blue. It has been found that the maximum absorption of methylene blue on a Beta–Fe3O4 sample is 186 mg/g, with the adsorption

AbstractA single-stage gas-phase synthesis of isoprene from formaldehyde and isobutylene in the presence of Al–BEA and Nb–BEA zeolite catalysts containing different amounts of aluminum and niobium has been studied. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts have been studied by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed CO, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and ammonia TPD

AbstractThe work is aimed at a fundamental study of the formation of acid sites in MFI zeolites obtained in a fluoride medium using Aerosil, silica gel, and silica sol as sources of silicon. The synthesized samples have been characterized by a set of instrumental methods and tested in the reaction of methanol conversion to hydrocarbons. It has been shown that the synthesis of MFI zeolite in a fluoride

AbstractCatalyst systems based on gold nanoparticles introduced into the matrices of mesoporous metal–organic frameworks of the MIL type based on trivalent metal ions (Al, Fe) manifest activity in the regioselective hydroamination of phenylacetylene with aniline according to the Markovnikov rule. The activity of the synthesized gold-containing systems significantly depends on the nature of organic

AbstractThe sinthesis conditions of a series of monodisperse crystals of ZSM-5 zeolite, silicalite-1, and Fe-silicalite-1 with an average particle size in the range of 30 to 450 nm have been determined. The kinetic features of the silicalite-1 crystallization at low temperatures (60−90°C) and atmospheric pressure have been studied. The effective activation energies of silicalite-1 nucliation and crystal

AbstractThe volumetric method has been used to study the adsorption properties of zeolites CaA, NaX, and CaNaA; adsorption isotherms and adsorption capacities for nitrogen, oxygen, and air have been obtained. The nitrogen/oxygen selectivity values of zeolites have been determined. The experimental adsorption isotherm of air has been compared with the adsorption isotherm obtained for the pure components

AbstractThe main kinetic features of the oxidation of n-propyl mercaptan with molecular oxygen in a model mixture with diesel fuel in the presence of an ammoniac solution of cobalt phthalocyanine have been studied. The rate equation of the reaction has been derived based on the experimental data, and optimum conditions of a waste-free process for removing hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans from crude

AbstractAn experimental study and detailed kinetic modeling of characteristics of the matrix conversion of a methane–oxygen mixture with the addition of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, synthesis gas, and steam have been carried out. It has been shown that the most significant effect on the product composition is provided by the admixture of steam, which reduces the yield of acetylene and at the same time

AbstractThe possibility of removing sulfur-containing compounds from diesel fuel by extraction with ionic liquids (ILs) as extractants based on 1,3-dibutylimidazolium bromide and 1-butyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide and transition metal salts (Cu, Co, Ni, and Mn bromides and trifluoroacetates) has been considered. It has been shown that the use of extraction systems containing ILs and metal salts increases

AbstractThis review considers heterogeneous catalysts for the Prins reaction. The potential of the industrial implementation of processes based on this reaction has been shown. The catalyst properties (textural and acidic) that have the greatest effect on the product composition are discussed. The most promising types of catalysts for preparing unsaturated alcohols and diene hydrocarbons are noted

AbstractThe conversion of oil shale (OS) in a hydrogen medium at a pressure of 6.0 MPa and a temperature of 400°C with the subsequent refining of the resulting products in the presence of NiMo sulfide catalysts supported on materials exhibiting different acidities has been studied. It has been found that the use of the catalysts leads to a significant decrease in the content of sulfur, nitrogen, aromatic

AbstractThe catalytic activity of bis(isopropoxo)titanium(4+) complexes containing 1,2-diolate ligands activated with aluminum alkyl chlorides and dibutyl magnesium in the copolymerization of ethylene and hexene-1 has been studied. The effect of the precatalyst structure and the organoaluminum activator composition on the catalytic activity, the incorporation of hexene-1, and the copolymer microstructure

AbstractThe influence of the formation temperature of emulsions and their water cut on their rheological properties and the amount and composition of deposits precipitated from them has been studied. It has been shown that at a formation temperature of 40°C, the emulsion is characterized by maximum values of viscosity, activation energy of viscous flow, and amount of the deposit precipitated and by

AbstractThis study investigates the catalytic activity of mixed–metal oxide nanoparticles with different surface acidities on asphaltene adsorption followed by catalytic oxidation–decomposition. Three different types of mixed–metal oxide nanoparticles (CeNiO3, CeCaO3 and CeZrO4) were synthesized, and their size, structure, and acid properties were characterized by field–emission scanning electron microscopy

AbstractThe thermal decomposition of crumb rubber based on isoprene pure rubber in an autoclave in various media such as toluene, isopropyl alcohol, and water has been studied. The highest degree of conversion of pure rubber is achieved in a toluene medium, while the lowest is in water. The formation of a gas is minimum in the aqueous medium and maximum in a medium of isopropyl alcohol; however, the

AbstractIn the present study, a scientific challenge of determination of various structural parameters of asphaltenes of medium heavy, heavy, and light crude oils is overcome by different spectroscopy techniques. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy methods revealed indexing information besides clarification of different functional groups of asphaltenes. Analysis of Raman spectra of asphaltenes

AbstractThe heterogeneous catalytic conversion of dimethyl ether (DME) to 1,3-butadiene and butylenes in the presence of a ZnO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in a wide range of temperatures, feed space velocities, and reactant concentrations has been studied. It has been found that temperature regions of 380–420 and 440–480°C, which are conventionally designated as low-temperature and high-temperature regions, differ

AbstractIn this work, the selectivity of different solid catalysts in the alkylation reaction of toluene with hex-1-ene has been studied in order to maximize mono-alkylated products. The reaction has been carried out in a fixed-bed reactor, at 120°C. An industrial alkylation catalyst has been used as a reference along with three commercial acid zeolites with difference structures (faujasite, mordenite

AbstractThe synthesis of trimetallic catalysts was carried out by changing each of the active metals and adding a similar metal for the hydrodesulfurization process. The roles of tungsten along with molybdenum and cobalt in addition to nickel were studied. Six trimetallic catalysts containing different metal ratios were synthesized. The activities of trimetallic and bimetallic catalysts have also been

AbstractThe problems of the processing of waste polymers of the main types are considered. Particular attention is paid to works related to the use of modern waste conversion methods for the production of motor fuels and valuable petrochemicals. The processes of thermal and catalytic cracking, hydroconversion, and polymer metathesis are discussed in detail.

AbstractThe structural group characteristics of resins and asphaltenes, isolated from high-sulfur natural asphaltite of the Ivanovskoe oilfield in Orenburg oblast and the liquid products of its conversion in a flow of supercritical water (SCW) at 400°C and 30 MPa with and without admixture of zinc or aluminum, have been investigated. It has been shown that as a result of SCW treatment, the molecular

AbstractThe influence and effectiveness of technologies aimed at enhancing oil recovery on changes in the composition and properties of the extracted heavy oil from the Usa field have been studied. The injection into the reservoir of oil-displacing compositions containing surfactants, together with cyclic steam simulation (CSS), leads to an increase in the flow rate due to additional washing out of

AbstractResults of a study of the reaction products of asphaltene sulfonation with sulfuric acid in various temperature and time ranges have been described. The maximum sulfur content in sulfonated cation exchangers at an asphaltene sulfonation temperature of 100 and 120°С and a reaction time of 2 h has been determined. The maximum static exchange capacity of 4.3 meq/g has been found for the products

AbstractSamples of carbon-rich rocks from domanik deposits and the oil–water contact zone of the Bavly field of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia), as well as extracts from them, have been studied by thermal analysis, IR and EPR spectroscopy, and gas–liquid chromatography. Significant differences have been revealed in the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of both soluble and insoluble

AbstractThe review discusses currently relevant methods for studying petroleum resins. A significant proportion of the research work deals with the study of resins in heavy oils, for which experimental approaches have been systematized and the possibilities and limitations of the mass spectrometric, spectroscopic, X-ray, and chromatographic methods have been discussed. Published data on the effect

AbstractThe transformation of the organic matter (OM) of low-permeable carbon-rich domanik rock of the Romashkino oilfield in sub- and supercritical water (SCW) at temperatures of 320, 374, and 420°C and pressures of 17, 24.6, and 24.4 MPa in a neutral medium has been studied. The original rock with a TOC content of 7% has a high oil generation potential and a low productivity index. The productivity

AbstractBy studying the organic matter (OM) from the Mesozoic deposits of the Tyumen superdeep well (SG-6) as an example, deep zoning in the distribution, composition, and structure of heterocyclic components of the dispersed OM in catagenesis has been revealed. During mesocatagenesis, the composition of asphaltenes undergoes directed changes similar to those found for debitumenized OM. During apocatagenesis

AbstractThe formation of organic deposits in model petroleum-containing systems of various compositions has been studied. Introduction of asphaltene–resin substances into a model paraffin system reduces the amount of precipitated wax deposit to 40 wt %; significantly changes the ratio of liquid and solid hydrocarbons in the n-alkane composition of the deposits, shifting the distribution maximum towards

AbstractOne of the main characteristics of a petroleum disperse system (PDS) is the average particle diameter of the dispersed phase. The simplest and most affordable analytical method to determine this characteristic is photoelectrocolorimetry. It has been shown that the use of low-energy wave (constant magnetic field of 0.1–0.4 T, ultrasound of 50 kHz) treatment and hydrogen sulfide scavengers leads

AbstractThe hydrocarbon composition of the thermolysis products of asphaltenes from biodegraded oils of the Labagan and Usa oilfields and non-biodegraded oil of the Salyukinskoe oilfield of the Timan–Pechora sedimentary basin has been studied. The IR spectra of the asphaltenes are identical, indicating their similar structural group composition. The thermolysis of the asphaltenes has been carried out

AbstractHalloysite is modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in various solvents without pretreatment. According to elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry, the reaction between 3‑aminopropyltriethoxysilane and halloysite successfully proceeds regardless of the nature of the solvent. The maximum degree of functionalization of interaction products is achieved at the equimolar

AbstractThe catalytic properties of GdFeO3, GdСоO3, and GdMnO3 perovskite-type complex oxides in carbon oxide hydrogenation are studied. A correlation between the composition and catalytic properties of the oxide is found. It is shown that carbon monoxide conversion increases in the following order: GdFeO3 < GdMnO3 ≤ GdСоO3; carbon dioxide conversion increases in the reverse order. Differences in the

AbstractThe physicochemical and catalytic properties of Cs1 – 2xNixZr2(PO4)3 (x = 0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.50) systems are studied. Double and triple nickel-containing phosphates with the NASICON structure are obtained by the sol–gel method. It is shown that these phosphates are active and stable isobutanol dehydration catalysts. The relationship between the catalytic activity in the dehydration reaction over

AbstractBimetallic catalysts MoW/СОK-12 are synthesized on the basis of mesostructured silicate COK‑12 prepared from sodium silicate aqueous solution using the Keggin structure hetero polyacid H4Si-Mo3W9O40 as an oxide precursor of the sulfide active phase and with the use of the mechanical mixture of two monometallic hetero polyacids (H4SiMo12O40 and H4SiW12O40) at a molar ratio of Mo/W = 3/9. Alumina-based