This study provides new insight into the implementation and synergy effect of coupling in sequences of the photocatalysis ([TiO2-UVC]), ozone (O3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) applied to degradation and mineralization of a model compound such as caffeine (in synthetic solution and industrial wastewater). The system consists of an annular photoreactor coupled to two venturi valves with a continuous

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has exhibited huge application value in many fields including chemical synthesis, medicine, environmental remediation, and fuel cells. Traditional anthraquinone method for H2O2 commercial production has emerged the drawbacks of toxicity, H2 consumption and high energy input. Photocatalytic production of H2O2, which only requires water, oxygen, solar light and catalyst, is a

Various forms of cobalt catalysts have been studied extensively for selective aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons. However, it remains unclear whether cobalt can directly activate molecular oxygen under mild reaction conditions. Here we investigated the catalytic roles of cobalt in ethylbenzene oxidation with and without a hydroperoxide initiator. The contribution of different cobalt species was studied

The identity of the surface intermediates involved in chain growth during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis remains a topic of ongoing debate. In the present work we use a combination of temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy and high resolution X-ray photoemission spectroscopy to study the reactivity of C3Hx adsorbates on a Co(0001) single crystal surface in order to explore the stabilities of the different

The pathways of ethane oxidative dehydrogenation and total combustion have been elucidated for M1 phase type Mo–V oxide catalysts with different metal composition. The ethane oxidation mechanism is not affected by the presence of Te or Nb. Conversely, the selectivity is strongly affected by stoichiometry of M1 catalysts. This is attributed to the facile oxidation of ethene to COx upon formation of

This work deals with the liquid-phase hydrogenation of citral over Pt monometallic and PtSn bimetallic catalysts supported on commercial silica. Bimetallic catalysts contain different Sn/Pt molar ratio of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5. Cyclohexane or 2-propanol were used as solvent. The catalysts were characterized by N2-physisorption, XRD, NH3-TPD, H2-chemisorption, and TPR. Both XRD and TPR results showed the

The effect of deposited noble-metals and their deposition routes on the photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants over M-TiBi1.9%O2 (M = Pt and Pd) under visible-light irradiation have been investigated. Glycol-assisted UV photodeposition and impregnation-reduction deposition routes (NaBH4 or combined He/H2) have been applied to prepare 1%M-TiBi1.9%O2 samples. The results show that the photocatalytic

This work investigated the photodegradation of bromophenol blue (BPB) and indigo carmine (IC) dye under UV–Visible light using pure oxides of titanium and niobium, as well as TiO2-Nb2O5 oxides containing 0.5, 2.5 and 5 wt% of TiO2, prepared by wet impregnation of Nb2O5 with Ti tert-butoxide under inert atmosphere. The results of XRD and Raman spectroscopy showed the presence of anatase TiO2 phase and

The dehydrogenation of 2,3-butanediol (BDO) to 3-hydroxybutanone (HBO) was studies over Li cation-doped CuZnAl catalysts. The catalyst samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, H2-TPR and SEM techniques. The characterization results showing that doping with Li cation obviously modified the surface morphology of CuZnAl catalysts; decreased the reduction temperature of CuZnAl catalysts; and finally increased

Nowadays, biomass is an interesting raw material for chemical industry, and the valorisation of its derivatives becomes in a sustainable alternative against to the depletion of fossil sources necessary for the production of energy, fuels and chemicals. Different organic compounds, such as sugars, polyols, furanics, as well as several acids (i.e. levulinic acid, succinic acid, itaconic acid, 3-hydroxy-propionic

Abstract Copper oxide loaded on HY zeolite (CuO/HY) catalyst was prepared via a facile electrochemical method, and its photoactivity was evaluated by the decolorization of malachite green (MG) under fluorescent light irradiation. The physicochemical properties of catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen (N2) adsorption–desorption, 27Al and 29Si magic-angle-spinning nuclear

In-situ imaging of catalytic reactions has provided insights into reaction front propagation, pattern formation and other spatio-temporal effects for decades. Most recently, analysis of the local image intensity opened a way towards evaluation of local reaction kinetics. Herein, our recent studies of catalytic CO oxidation on Pt(hkl) and Rh(hkl) via the kinetics by imaging approach, both on the meso-

Alpha phase bismuth oxide (α-Bi2O3) microparticles were prepared through the annealing at 600 °C of basic bismuth nitrate [Bi6O6(OH)2(NO3)4·2H2O] precursors with different morphologies and crystallinity that were obtained by a chemical precipitation method. The precursors were synthesized using ethylenediamine (EN) solvent and varying the HNO3/Bi3+ and HNO3/EN molar ratios, with and without thermal

The need for on-purpose techniques for the conversion of cheaper and abundant light alkanes to petrochemical products has revitalized research interests on light alkanes aromatization. Here ethane/propane aromatization and ethylene oligomerization over the representative Zn-HZSM-5 and Pt/HZSM-5 catalysts have been studied by the step-perturbation transients to provide insight into the kinetics and

In this study, the electrospinning method was used to prepare graphene oxide/titanium dioxide (GO/TiO2) nanofibers with different contents of GO as photocatalysts used to degrade methylene blue (MB). Photocatalytic studies suggested that the GO/TiO2 composite nanofibers showed higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO2 nanofibers under visible and ultraviolet light irradiation and the well-dispersed

XRD, ESR, TRMC and UV–visible spectroscopy are used for the description of characteristics of investigated systems and determination of forming structure mechanism in Al, Zr or Ce doped non-stoichiometric ZnO1−x. It was shown the Al and Zr ions substitute the lattice Zn2+ in the ZnO matrix, and as a result, the donor's levels form in ZnO bandgap and acceptor’s level of zinc vacancy. Last level is a

Catalytic ethane dehydrogenation was studied with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the differing role of Sn in the bulk and surface of PtSn alloys on the activity, selectivity, and stability of the catalyst. Pristine Pt(111), a surface alloy of Pt3Sn/Pt(111) and a bulk alloy of Pt3Sn(111) were compared. Binding energies of adsorbates were weakened by Sn on both alloys. With

The present work reports a facile strategy to develop L-arginine mediated Zn doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and its enhanced photocatalytic activity. The physicochemical properties of Zn-doped g-C3N4 were studied extensively by XPS, UV–Vis, XRD, SEM and BET analysis. The studied properties of the photocatalyst were then correlated with its photocatalytic hydrogen production rates. Zn doping

In this work principal component analysis (PCA) was used to study the effect of batch, reduction temperature, TiO2 content and UV-C irradiation on the surface energy, -polarity and interlayer spacing of photoactive TiO2/GO composite membranes. Two PCA models were successfully developed. The first PCA model shows a negative correlation between reduction temperature and d-spacing. Less hydrophilic TiO2/GO

The adsorption behavior of single CO molecules at 4 K bound to Au adatoms on a Ag(001) metal surface is studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS). In contrast to earlier observations two different binding configurations are observed—one on top of a Au adatom and the other one adsorbed laterally to Au on Ag(001). Moreover, IETS reveals different

Ni(OH)2 doped with cerium cations was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and its electrochemical, photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic behavior was determined by the corresponding suitable techniques. Ni(OH)2 films doped with different Ce proportions were evaluated in a KOH support electrolyte solution by cyclic voltammetry. Scan-rate dependent voltammograms displayed pseudo-capacitive behavior

Abstract The water management sector is becoming extremely challenging these days because of poor water quality which is due to the presence of noxious pollutants at an alarming level. Herein, we report the synthesis of FeO/ZnO magnetic metal oxide (FZ MMO) and its nanocomposite with polyaniline (FZP). Designed photocatalyst has been characterized by various techniques such as X-Ray diffractometer

The photocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) under natural solar irradiation was carried out in liquid–solid regime by using a batch reactor. Home prepared meso-tetra aryl substituted porphyrins (Pps) whether metal-free (H2Pp) or containing Cu(II) or Zn(II) complexes (CuPp, ZnPp), opportunely functionalized with lipophilic [(3-n-pentadecylphenoxyethoxy)-] chains, were supported

Series of Sc/V co-doped rutile TiO2 with different Sc/V ratio was synthesized. Samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, BET, EPR, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and Kelvin probe methods. EPR spectroscopy reveals a simultaneous increase of V4+ and Ti3+ as vanadium content grows. At the same time, an increase of vanadium concentration in co-doped samples results in stronger absorption in visible

High photon conversion efficiencies and low-cost materials are crucial for implementing photocatalytic solutions in large scale applications. To improve the conversion efficiencies, knowledge on the lifetime and dynamics of photogenerated charge carriers is fundamental, for which transient absorption spectroscopy has provided important insights. Regarding the cost of the materials, one approach to

Nano Fe-BTC/graphene oxide (GO) composites were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal treatment with a microwave-assisted method. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption–desorption, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV–Vis

In this study we propose a new composite material with an enhanced bactericidal action that utilises the complex interactions with bacteria: mechanical interactions of the bacteria with ZnO tetrapod spikes, a photocatalytic process on ZnO nanoparticles, and disinfection by Ag nanoparticles. ZnO and Ag nanoparticles were immobilised on a single-crystalline ZnO tetrapod by the ultrasonic mixing method

The photocatalytic partial oxidation of tyrosol to hydroxytyrosol, the most powerful and expensive natural antioxidant currently known, has been studied in irradiated aqueous suspensions of TiO2 as the photocatalyst. Three TiO2 samples, two commercial (Merck and P25® Evonik) and a home prepared one, have been used bare or surface modified. The influence of surface hydroxylation, surface fluorination

Abstract The selective catalytic oxidation of methanol to methyl formate (MF) has been considered as an attractive route to produce MF, an important precursor in the chemical industry. Although supported Pd nanoparticles are active for the selective oxidation of methanol to MF, the relatively low MF selectivity and yield remains an unsolved issue. Herein, we show that adding a small amount of Pd into

Recent developments in computational catalysis have allowed the routine reduction of the dimensionality of complex reaction networks to a few descriptors based on linear scaling relations. Despite this convenient benefit, linear scaling relations fundamentally limit the activity and selectivity of a given class of materials towards a given reaction. Here, we show an example by offering a novel description

Treatment of wastewater with Chlorpyrifos content using heterogeneous photocatalysis was evaluated, for which a compound parabolic collector (CPC) was used, under different combinations of pH and TiO2 concentration designed using the response surface methodology (RSM), and an anaerobic biological process based on the specific methanogenic activity test (SMA), using a flocculent sludge and an initial

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. The authors would like to correct the error with this erratum.

Abstract Black sand from coastal deposits composed by a mixture containing oxides (Fe2O3, TiO2, SiO2, ZrO2, MnO, Al2O3, etc.) and metals (V, Cr, Ni, Sr, Ce, etc.). Both this mineral, as well as a fraction obtained from it, have been used as a photocatalyst for hydrogen production from EDTA (electron donor agent) solutions under UV/Vis irradiation. The physical, chemical and optical properties of materials

In the present study, the use of heterogeneous photocatalysis TiO2/UV coupled to an activated sludge reactor was evaluated as an alternative treatment for the leachate coming from a Landfill, located in Cucuta (Colombia). TiO2 (Degussa P-25) between 100 and 600 mg.L−1 was used as a catalyst, semi-continuous type reactors for the photocatalysis, a batch for the biological stage, UV light with accumulated

Novel highly visible-light active 1.0rGO–ZnBi2O4–Bi2S3 heterostructure photocatalysts with various weight percentages of Bi2S3 were successfully synthesized. First, the 1.0rGO–ZnBi2O4 catalyst was synthesized by a simple two-step oxidation–reduction and co-precipitation methods, followed by heating at 450 °C. Then, 1.0rGO–ZnBi2O4 was hydrothermally treated with Bi3+, and thiourea in ethylene glycol

In the last years, dye wastewater pollution became a major problem due to its toxicity and environmental restrictions. Indigo carmine is an indigoid dye that is largely used, and it is known by its toxicity and stability. In this work, we synthesized a magnetite/reduced graphene oxide (Fe3O4/RGO) composite with approximately 90%wt of Fe3O4 and used in the indigo carmine dye photo-Fenton discoloration

The aim of this work is to preliminary investigate the photocatalytic performances toward the removal of eriochrome black-T dye under UV and visible irradiation using Eu-doped ZnO obtained through a supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process in comparison with Eu-doped ZnO prepared by drying-precipitation method and Eu-doped TiO2 prepared by sol–gel route. XRD patterns show that the presence of Eu+3 does

Abstract Tri-octyl-amine is known for its potential to assist fabrication of metal and metal oxides nanoparticles. In this work elucidate the synthesis of magnetite-ZnO magnetic nano hybrid by simple one pot reflux method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), FE-SEM, HR-TEM, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)

Abstract Fe/graphene oxide and Cu–Fe/graphene oxide nanocomposite were synthesized by the atomic implantation method to study the photocatalytic degradation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by the XRD, N2 isotherms, SEM with EDX, TEM and XPS analysis. Characterization results have reported that oxides of Cu and Fe were uniformly distributed

The risks of selenium (Se) water contamination to human and aquatic life make it important to develop and apply efficient Se removal methods. Selenium photocatalytic reduction is an effective technique for this purpose, but it still suffers from limitations related to the photocatalyst recovery at the end of the process. In the present work, magnetic particles were coated with a titanium dioxide (TiO2)

Abstract Novel fibrous silica zinc (FSZnIS) catalyst was synthesized by in-situ hydrothermal-microwave method and the catalyst was analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL). The catalyst was employed in photocatalytic desulphurization

Abstract A simple microwave method was employed to prepare silica-doped mesoporous zirconia nanoparticles, SiO2/ZrO2 (SiZr) catalysts under various Si amount and then characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption analyses, Fourier-transform infrared, electron spin resonance, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence analyses. The lower amount of

A novel post-synthetic method combining the microwave (MW)-assisted dealumination and hydrothermal (HT) alkaline treatment for obtaining mesoporous Y zeolite catalysts is presented. In the first-step MW-assisted dealumination of the pristine Y zeolite, both the mineral acid (i.e. hydrochloric acid, HCl) and organic carboxylic acids (e.g. oxalic and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) were used (all

Advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalysis have assumed enormous importance in the scientific field as viable sustainable alternatives to be applied to the elimination of persistent organic pollutants present in water reservoirs for human consumption. Persistent organic compounds like pesticides that belong to the chlorophenol family are a global public health priority since they are associated

The influence of complementary macropores, present in hierarchical macroporous mesoporous SBA-15, on the performance of supported Ni nanoparticles for ethanol steam reforming has been investigated. The increased open nature of the architecture, afforded through the incorporation of the secondary macropore network, enables superior metal dispersion. This, in turn, enhances catalytic hydrogen production

Colloidal synthesis of metal nanocrystals (NC) offers control over size, crystal structure and shape of nanoparticles, making it a promising method to synthesize model catalysts to investigate structure-performance relationships. Here, we investigated the synthesis of disk-shaped Co-NC, their deposition on a support and performance in the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis under industrially relevant conditions

This study aims to synthesize and evaluate the photocatalytic activity of bismuth terephthalate material (Bi-BDC) synthesized by solvothermal (ST) and microwave-assisted solvothermal (MW) methods. Differences in the crystal structure and crystal shape were assessed by analytical methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum

The layered potassium niobate, KNb3O8, is evident as a photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water splitting under UV light. We hereby reported a new modified sol–gel method for the preparation of potassium niobate photocatalyst. Photocatalytic water splitting has been improved in this work by loading Pt nanoparticles as cocatalyst. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction

In this work, we aim to update the understanding of how impurity or promoter metals segregate on metal surfaces, particularly in the application of single-atom alloys (SAA) for catalysis. Using density functional theory, we calculated the relative stability of the idealized SAA relative to subsurface, dimer, and adatom configurations to determine the tendency of the promoter atom to diffuse into the

This paper presents a study of the synthesis of AlPO4-5 and AlPO4-36 materials doubly substituted by Si and Zn, as acid function and aromatizing function, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the zeotypes were studied by XRD, adsorption of N2, Temperature Programmed Desorption with NH3, 31P MAS NMR and SEM. The incorporation of Zn and Si has shown an important effect on the acidic, textural

The direct formic acid fuel cell holds great promise as a next generation portable power source. Here we report an experimental study on Pt and Pd monolayer (Pt* and Pd*) atop the close-packed facet of transition metal substrates (denoted Pt*/M or Pd*/M, where M = Pt, Pd, Ir, Au, Rh and Ru) model catalysts for formic acid oxidation (FAO) and demonstrate a promotional effect on Pt*/Au(111) and Pd*/Pt(111)

Abstract Diclofenac (DCF) photocatalytic degradation with TiO2-P25 illuminated with UV-A light in aqueous media was investigated. The photodegradation rate was assessed by HPLC and UV–vis spectroscopy, while the mineralization rate was obtained by total organic carbon measurements. The formation and degradation of intermediate compounds were investigated by UV–vis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and GC/MS

This research focused on the photodegradation of aqueous isopropanol in the presence of RGO/TiO2 photocatalysts, which were prepared by the hydrothermal method. Under the irradiation of the simulated sunlight AM1.5G, the photocatalytic activity of isopropanol degradation was studied. In addition, various initial isopropanol concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm) were employed in the photocatalytic

Iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts evolve in situ on exposure to synthesis gas (CO & H2) forming a mixture of iron oxides, iron carbides and carbonaceous deposits. Recently, the application of inelastic neutron scattering has shown the progressive formation of a hydrocarbonaceous overlayer during this catalyst conditioning period. The evolving nature of the catalyst alters the proportion

Mixtures of water and organic cosolvents (mixed solvent systems) play an important role in mediating acid-catalyzed biomass conversion reactions. A minimum amount of water is typically required to dissolve biomass-derived materials, while adding an organic cosolvent can enhance the rates and selectivities of the desirable, catalytic reaction steps. Understanding the molecular-level bases underlying

The impact of metal/oxide interfaces on the catalytic properties of oxide-supported metal nanoparticles is a topic of longstanding interest in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. The significance of the metal/oxide interaction has been shown to vary according to both the inherent reactivity of the metal nanoparticle and the properties of the oxide support, with effects such as the metal d-band center

The reactivity of methanol and methyl acetate mixtures over a HZSM-5 catalyst is studied over a period of 6 h at 350 °C, with small molecular weight olefins and aromatic compounds observed as reaction products. Post-reaction analysis of the catalyst shows the coke content to increase with methyl acetate content. Vibrational spectra (DRIFTS and inelastic neutron scattering, INS) indicate the major hydrocarbon

Abstract A mixed metal-oxide (NiAlOx) obtained from the annealing of a synthetic takovite clay, [(Ni6Al2(OH)16]CO3·4H2O, was used as a catalyst in the hydrodeoxygenation reaction of vanillin, as a model molecule, to simulate deoxygenation of lignin's moieties. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, XPS and textural analyses and were tested at between 413 and 573 K and 1.2 MPa H2, using a 300

A serial of carbon modified Ag/TiO2 photocatalysts have been synthesized with different carbon content by a simple co-impregnation method. Here, 1-pentanol was used as carbon precursor. The carbon modified Ag/TiO2 nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, raman spectroscopy, thermal gravity analysis, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) microspheres were synthesized through a simple chemical method by using ascorbic acid (AA) as reducing agent at room temperature and short reaction time. The influence of the reducing agent and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH), as well as reaction time, on the morphology, size, and crystalline phase structure of Cu2O were explored. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction