The photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of an anionic surfactant (internal olefin sulfonate C20-C24, IOS) in synthetic oilfield wastewater was investigated by photocurrent measurements using a sulfur and nitrogen co-doped titanium dioxide electrode (S,N-TiO2/Ti). For the electrode preparation, S,N-TiO2 films were supported on Ti expanded meshes by sol–gel dip-coating, followed by thermal treatment at 400 °C

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. The authors would like to correct the error with this erratum.

The activity and stability of modified nanoclays surface supported nickel (Ni/NC-x) catalyst were investigated and compared to unmodified nanoclay surface supported nickel (Ni/NC) catalyst in dry reforming reaction (500–800 °C). The nickel metal was loaded on modified nanoclay surface with different alkylammonium modifiers—trimethylstearyl ammonium (NC-T), methyl dihydroxy-ethyl hydrogenated tallow

The aim of this study was to evaluate a perovskite catalyst for use as a carbon-resistant catalyst in methane dry reforming. The oxygen-rich ABO3+δ (CeCoxNi1-xO3+δ) perovskite was selected for this investigation due to its crystalline nature and ability to accommodate a wide range of cations; perovskites notably possess catalytically advantageous oxidation and reduction properties. The perovskite catalysts

Thermo-catalytic methane decomposition is a prospective route for producing COx free hydrogen. In this study, Bayesian regularization and Levenberg-Marquardt trained multilayer perceptron neural networks were employed in predictive modeling of hydrogen production by thermo-catalytic methane decomposition. Based on the non-linear relationship between the reaction temperature, weight of the catalysts

The continuous increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emission resulting in global climate change has been of great concern in the past decades. With the renewable hydrogen resource being more realistic, the transformation of CO2 with hydrogen into value-added chemicals becomes a promising route to address the environment and climate issues. The chemical synthesis of alcohols which serve as

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. The authors would like to correct the error with this erratum.

The dynamics of catechol in zeolite Beta was studied using quesielastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments and molecular dynamics simulations at 393 K, to understand the behaviour of phenolic monomers relevant in the catalytic conversion of lignin via metal nanoparticles supported on zeolites. Compared to previous work studying phenol, both methods observe that the presence of the second OH group

Various anthropogenic activities often result in the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is one of the principal components of greenhouse gases responsible for greenhouse effect. One vital strategy to mitigate the effect of the released CO2 on the environment is through sustainable utilization and conversion to value-added chemicals. This study employs the Radial Basis Function artificial neural

During the last decade, modern micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology has been used to create cells that can act as catalytic nanoreactors and fit into the sample holders of transmission electron microscopes. These nanoreactors can maintain atmospheric or higher pressures inside the cells as they seal gases or liquids from the vacuum of the TEM column and can reach temperatures exceeding

Ilmenite (FeTiO3) concentrates were modified by high energy ball milling (HEBM) at different times (1, 2, and 3 h) and in the presence of MgO or metallic Mg at different contents (0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 wt%), with the aim of obtaining a low-cost and highly available photocatalyst with enhanced performance towards H2 production. FeTiO3 concentrates were obtained from ilmenite-rich black sand by gravimetric

The oxygen adsorption and its catalytic reaction with hydrogen on Pt–Rh single crystals were studied at the nanoscale by Field Emission Microscopy (FEM) and Field Ion Microscopy (FIM) techniques at 700 K. Both FEM and FIM use samples prepared as sharp tips, apexes of which mimic a single nanoparticle of catalyst considering their similar size and morphology. Oxygen adsorption on Pt-17.4 at.%Rh samples

The status of surface species on solid catalysts during heterogeneous catalysis is often mysterious. Investigations of these surface species are crucial to deconvolute the reaction network and design more efficient catalysts. Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study the interactions between surface species and the catalysts and infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies have been widely

Capturing the dynamic fluctuations in structure and adsorbate coverage on catalytic surfaces under operating conditions is of critical importance to the identification of active sites and subsequent design of materials for targeted bond activation but remains challenging to achieve both experimentally and computationally. Field ion microscopy achieves such in situ reaction monitoring on single catalytic

A series of bifunctional platinum catalysts were prepared, supported on alumina or different zeolites, some of which were submitted to either desilication or dealumination in order to modify their acidic properties. The catalysts were characterized for their structural and textural properties, their acidic properties, including distribution of acid strength and Brønsted and Lewis acidity, their metallic

This work presents the structural, morphological and photocatalytic properties of pure SrTiO3 (STO) and Bismuth doped STO. Several Bi doped samples were synthesized using Bi concentrations from 0.5 to 5 mol% and the sol-gel method. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis, all the samples presented cubic phase. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the samples without dopant or with

The use of the magnetic fraction (MF) of a low-grade titanium ore (TO) and two oxidants (H2O2 and NaClO), testing each one separately, were compared in photo-Fenton like systems to degrade thiabendazole (TBZ) as a model micropollutant. As far as the author’s knowledge goes, this work presents for the first time the assessment of NaClO as an alternative to H2O2 in heterogeneous systems, where the Fenton-type

Understanding heterogeneous catalysis at the atomic level requires detailed knowledge of the reactivity of different surface sites toward specific bond breaking and bond making events. We illustrate a new method in such investigations. We use a macroscopically curved Pt single crystal containing a large variation in density of highly kinked steps of two different chiralities. Scanning tunneling microscopy

Calcination of hybrid organic–inorganic Titanium-Ethylene Glycol (Ti-EG) thin films yield non-stoichiometric titania with deep valence band maximum (VBM) with down-shift of up to 450 meV relative to stoichiometric TiO2. We previously reported the enhanced photocatalytic (PC) reactivity of these materials by demonstrating direct photocatalytic production of H2O2 and high degradation rates of organic

The production of ethylene and propylene through aerobic alkane oxidation without significant coproduction of CO and CO2 (COx) presents a challenge to academic and industrial researchers alike. Recently, boron-containing materials such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have been identified as active and selective catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane to propylene with minimal

In the work presented in this paper, the combined effects of initial temperature and catalyst activity on the regeneration dynamics of a catalytic diesel particulate filter (DPF) have been investigated. To this end, CFD-based simulations of soot combustion in a single-channel configuration were performed. In the model, all the soot trapped inside the filter was assumed to be in contact with the catalyst

The “Seven Pillars” of oxidation catalysis proposed by Robert K. Grasselli represent an early example of phenomenological descriptors in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Major advances in the theoretical description of catalytic reactions have been achieved in recent years and new catalysts are predicted today by using computational methods. To tackle the immense complexity of high-performance

The catalytic performance in soot oxidation of lab-scale silicon carbide (SiC) diesel particulate filters (DPFs) washcoated with metal-promoted CeO2 has been investigated focusing on the amount and the nature of the metal (Ag or Cu), and on the preparation method for the catalytic washcoat deposition. A wide range of metal loads was explored. The metal-promoted washcoat was dispersed onto the filters

Polyaniline (PANI) microtubes supported Au catalysts were prepared and evaluated in the catalytic reduction of nitrophenols to aminophenols with NaBH4 as the reductant. PANI microtubes were prepared through a template-free method with salicylic acid as the dopant. HAuCl4 was used as a gold precursor. Au nanoparticles were loaded on PANI microtubes by an in situ redox reaction between PANI and HAuCl4

Using DFT calculations, we have investigated the cycloaddition of thiophene with ethylene, followed by desulfurization of the produced heterobicyclic molecules at 373 K. The whole reaction process has been modeled in three steps: (i) the molecule adsorption on tungsten sulfide acting as a catalyst, (ii) the cycloaddition of the adsorbed molecule with ethylene, (iii) the elimination of the sulfur atom

Transition metal (Ni, Cu and Fe) substituted Co3O4–ZrO2 catalysts (NiCZ, CuCZ and FeCZ, respectively) were synthesized by PEG assisted sonochemical synthesis and tested for lean methane combustion. These catalysts offered complete combustion of methane by generating CO2 and steam as products. The strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) allowed the high catalytic activity at temperatures below 600 °C

Electrocatalysis may provide the solution to some of the most important energy and environmental problems facing society: converting solar energy during the day to fuel (H2) that can provide power at night (hydrogen fuel cells) through water splitting, ·reducing the CO2 in the atmosphere to valuable chemicals (methane, ethylene, ethanol). However significant improvements must be made in the selectivity

Gold nanocatalysts have been reported to be active in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene. In this paper, a series of Au/Ce1−xZrxO2 (x = 0.03 to 0.5) supported catalysts with different ratios of Ce to Zr were prepared and their catalytic performance for selective hydrogenation of acetylene was investigated. The structure and surface defects of the catalyst can be changed by altering the amount

Bimetallic carbon-supported PdBi catalysts were prepared by grafting. To do so a soluble complex of bismuth with exchangeable O-donor ligands was selected, and the carbon support was functionalized to increase the number of surface functions. The grafting procedure was carried out by contacting the various supports with solutions of Pd and/or Bi complexes, to allow ligand exchange reactions to take

The modifications of support for the dispersion and immobilization of gold nanoparticles were examined for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene. The catalyst, denoted as Au/CNA, was prepared by the carbonization of C and N atom-containing organic precursors on Al2O3, which were subsequently used as supports for gold nanoparticles. The TOF value of Au/CNA was five times higher than that

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. The authors would like to correct the error with this erratum.

We report a unique in situ instrument development effort dedicated to studying gas/solid interactions relevant to heterogeneous catalysis and early stages of oxidation of materials via atom probe tomography and microscopy (APM). An in situ reactor cell, similar in concept to other reports, has been developed to expose nanoscale volumes of material to reactive gas environments, in which temperature

In this research, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts were synthesized through a simple calcination process at various temperatures, which were 400, 500, 550, and 600 °C, by using low-cost urea as a precursor. The obtained g-C3N4 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller

Potassium and antimony mixed oxides were obtained by calcination of the commercial potassium-antimony tartrate trihydrate K(SbO)C4H4O6.3H2O at temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 °C. The structure varied with temperature as revealed by XRD characterization. The modifications occurring during the calcination process were also studied by FT-IR and DRS spectroscopies, along with by thermal analysis (TG/DTG)

g-C3N4/BiVO4, binary component heterojunction materials, were successfully synthesized for novel photocatalytic tetracycline (TC) decomposition. In the prepared binary component heterojunction, BiVO4 was well distributed on g-C3N4 layer. In addition, BiVO4 and g-C3N4 was intimately contacted. Both BiVO4 and g-C3N4, which band gap energies were approximately 2.46 and 2.71 eV, respectively, would also

The effect of potassium addition on Fischer–Tropsch catalysts containing 10 wt% cobalt and 2 wt% iron supported on pure TiO2 was studied using a continuous flow reactor at atmospheric pressure, a syngas feed with H2/CO = 1.7 and GHSVsyngas = 1944 mLsyngas gcat−1 h−1. The FTS reaction was performed in a range of temperature 275–350 °C. Differences in textural, structural, chemical and redox properties

At the industrial level, Ag catalysts in the form of silver crystals held by a silver gauze are largely used for formaldehyde production and ethylene epoxidation. These self-supported structures undergo surface reconstructions and morphological changes upon exposure to moderately high temperatures (473–900 K) and oxidising atmospheres. These phenomena have been studied and well understood on single

In this report, we focus on the modification of iron terephthalate metal–organic framework (MIL-53(Fe)) by soaking in H2O2 solution and its mechanism. The structure of MIL-53(Fe) before and after the modification were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. The XRD results showed that the material structure

New composites formed by layered hybrid TiO2(stearic acid) (LHTiO2) and, Cu2O nanoparticles were studied as photocatalysts that extend the response range to light visible for the evolution of hydrogen and the degradation of 4-chlorophenol. The results revealed that LHTiO2/Cu2O exhibited a clearly improved photocatalytic degradation, about 5.6 times faster than pristine TiO2, and hydrogen evolution

Photocatalysis is one of the effective methods to treat wastewater and degrade pollutants. Titania (TiO2) is usually chosen based on its superior properties and its high performance as reported in many publications. However, the properties of TiO2 may be influenced by the synthesis method. In this work, several methods were applied to synthesize TiO2, and its modified form (composite with graphene

With the goal of providing an economically viable method for reducing water pollution and health impact by the mezcal industry wastes, photocatalytic degradation of toxic alcohols using copper slag (CS) was evaluated, investigating the possibility for a concurrent hydrogen production. CS was characterized extensively by XRD, XRF, SEM–EDS, UV–Vis and electrochemical techniques to evaluate its properties

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. The author would like to correct the error with this erratum. In the third sentence of the fifth paragraph, the symbol N was erroneously included. The correct version of this sentence should read:

In this work, visible light-active sulphur doped graphitic carbon nitride coupled with Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide (SGCN/Ni–Fe LDH) was prepared through co-precipitation procedure using commercially available thiourea, nickel nitrate, and ferric nitrate. The surface morphology characterization showed LDH crystallite growth onto the surface of SGCN, exploiting the delocalized π-electrons of graphitic

High electrostatic fields of cations in zeolites and other catalysts is shown to modify the elctronic level struture of molecules. As an example, nitrogen molecules become nitrogen oxide like. It is argued that this is relevant for the Haber–Bosch synthesis. It is also pointed out that fields of the order of volts per Angstrom are equivalent to pressures of GigaPascals.

The shape of nanosized CeO2, obtained via polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) micelles, was controlled by microwave (MW)-aided synthesis combined with different combinations of energy input/transfer, including ultrasound (US), ultraviolet (UV) and pressure (P). Whereas ceria nanoflakes resulted from standard solvothermal synthesis, CeO2 nanoparticles were obtained from MW, MW + US and MW + UV. New CeO2 “nanospindles”

Chitosan microbeads with C-doped TiO2, N-doped TiO2 and C,N-codoped TiO2 were prepared to obtain photocatalysts with higher photocatalytic efficiency, active under visible light and easy to removed from aqueous medium. TiO2 powders were synthesized by the sol–gel method and modified using glucose and ammonium nitrate as source of C and N, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction

Heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductors, e.g. TiO2 as photocatalyst is a promising technology for the degradation of environmental pollutants. Preliminary evidence indicates that TiO2 containing construction materials and paints efficiently destroy the ozone precursors NO and NO2 up to 80% and 30% respectively. The materials and paints containing TiO2 developed so far are mostly for outdoor

High reduction temperature generally induces the agglomeration of supported noble metals. Howerve, we found that high temperature reduction did not induce Pd particles sintering but improved Pd dispersion. Multiple methods were further carried out to illuminate the abnormal phenomenon. The results indicated more surface oxygen defects and diffusion of Pd particles were simultaneously induced by high

Pd-based small-pore zeolites with different framework structures (AEI, CHA and RTH) were synthesized by a facile incipient wetness impregnation method. The zeolites were utilized as low-temperature passive NOx adsorbers (PNA) for NOx storage before and after hydrothermal aging. It was found that 1 wt% Pd/AEI showed better PNA behavior than the 1 wt% Pd/CHA and Pd/RTH samples, regardless of hydrothermal

In this study, we developed a novel combination model for different types of catalysts, which could generate synergistic effects for the catalysts with different functions. A Mn3CeOx catalyst with good low-temperature activity and a Ce0.1TiOx catalyst with good medium and high temperature activities were selected to make the combination and show synergistic effects. The combination of Ce0.1TiOx–Mn3CeOx

In this study, sol–gel combining with hydrothermal methods were successfully used to synthesize N and S co-doped TiO2 nanotubes (N@S-TiO2 NTT) for efficient photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The obtained characterization results indicated that the synthesized N@S co-doped TiO2 existed as nanotubes. Specific surface areas of these synthesized nanotubes was greatly that

Two types of mixed oxides of B2O3 and Al2O3 were prepared. Aluminum borates (ABx, x represents the B/(B + Al) ratio) were prepared by low-temperature thermal decomposition of aluminum nitrate and H3BO3 sustained by the simultaneous oxidation of an organic agent (glycerol), while B2O3-Al2O3 with B/(B + Al) ratio of 0.3 was obtained by incipient wetness impregnation of H3BO3 on a commercial γ-Al2O3 support

The surface acidity, adsorption capacity, and photocatalytic performance of nanotubes (NTs) superficially modified with SiO2 were analyzed. The NTs were prepared by the hydrothermal method. Photocatalysts with 1, 3 and 5 wt% of SiO2 were used to promote the adsorption and efficient removal of rhodamine B (Rh B) from water. The photocatalysts were characterized by SBET, XRD, HR-TEM, Zeta potential,

This study presents the generation of a renewable fuel using acetic acid as electron donor, copper slag (CS) as photocatalyst and UV–Vis irradiation. The CS was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Specific surface area (SBET) was determined on basis of N2 isotherms. A 23 factorial experimental design was performed