Bimetallic carbon-supported PdBi catalysts were prepared by grafting. To do so a soluble complex of bismuth with exchangeable O-donor ligands was selected, and the carbon support was functionalized to increase the number of surface functions. The grafting procedure was carried out by contacting the various supports with solutions of Pd and/or Bi complexes, to allow ligand exchange reactions to take

The modifications of support for the dispersion and immobilization of gold nanoparticles were examined for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene to ethylene. The catalyst, denoted as Au/CNA, was prepared by the carbonization of C and N atom-containing organic precursors on Al2O3, which were subsequently used as supports for gold nanoparticles. The TOF value of Au/CNA was five times higher than that

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. The authors would like to correct the error with this erratum.

We report a unique in situ instrument development effort dedicated to studying gas/solid interactions relevant to heterogeneous catalysis and early stages of oxidation of materials via atom probe tomography and microscopy (APM). An in situ reactor cell, similar in concept to other reports, has been developed to expose nanoscale volumes of material to reactive gas environments, in which temperature

In this research, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts were synthesized through a simple calcination process at various temperatures, which were 400, 500, 550, and 600 °C, by using low-cost urea as a precursor. The obtained g-C3N4 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller

Potassium and antimony mixed oxides were obtained by calcination of the commercial potassium-antimony tartrate trihydrate K(SbO)C4H4O6.3H2O at temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 °C. The structure varied with temperature as revealed by XRD characterization. The modifications occurring during the calcination process were also studied by FT-IR and DRS spectroscopies, along with by thermal analysis (TG/DTG)

g-C3N4/BiVO4, binary component heterojunction materials, were successfully synthesized for novel photocatalytic tetracycline (TC) decomposition. In the prepared binary component heterojunction, BiVO4 was well distributed on g-C3N4 layer. In addition, BiVO4 and g-C3N4 was intimately contacted. Both BiVO4 and g-C3N4, which band gap energies were approximately 2.46 and 2.71 eV, respectively, would also

The effect of potassium addition on Fischer–Tropsch catalysts containing 10 wt% cobalt and 2 wt% iron supported on pure TiO2 was studied using a continuous flow reactor at atmospheric pressure, a syngas feed with H2/CO = 1.7 and GHSVsyngas = 1944 mLsyngas gcat−1 h−1. The FTS reaction was performed in a range of temperature 275–350 °C. Differences in textural, structural, chemical and redox properties

At the industrial level, Ag catalysts in the form of silver crystals held by a silver gauze are largely used for formaldehyde production and ethylene epoxidation. These self-supported structures undergo surface reconstructions and morphological changes upon exposure to moderately high temperatures (473–900 K) and oxidising atmospheres. These phenomena have been studied and well understood on single

In this report, we focus on the modification of iron terephthalate metal–organic framework (MIL-53(Fe)) by soaking in H2O2 solution and its mechanism. The structure of MIL-53(Fe) before and after the modification were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms. The XRD results showed that the material structure

New composites formed by layered hybrid TiO2(stearic acid) (LHTiO2) and, Cu2O nanoparticles were studied as photocatalysts that extend the response range to light visible for the evolution of hydrogen and the degradation of 4-chlorophenol. The results revealed that LHTiO2/Cu2O exhibited a clearly improved photocatalytic degradation, about 5.6 times faster than pristine TiO2, and hydrogen evolution

Photocatalysis is one of the effective methods to treat wastewater and degrade pollutants. Titania (TiO2) is usually chosen based on its superior properties and its high performance as reported in many publications. However, the properties of TiO2 may be influenced by the synthesis method. In this work, several methods were applied to synthesize TiO2, and its modified form (composite with graphene

With the goal of providing an economically viable method for reducing water pollution and health impact by the mezcal industry wastes, photocatalytic degradation of toxic alcohols using copper slag (CS) was evaluated, investigating the possibility for a concurrent hydrogen production. CS was characterized extensively by XRD, XRF, SEM–EDS, UV–Vis and electrochemical techniques to evaluate its properties

The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error. The author would like to correct the error with this erratum. In the third sentence of the fifth paragraph, the symbol N was erroneously included. The correct version of this sentence should read:

In this work, visible light-active sulphur doped graphitic carbon nitride coupled with Ni–Fe layered double hydroxide (SGCN/Ni–Fe LDH) was prepared through co-precipitation procedure using commercially available thiourea, nickel nitrate, and ferric nitrate. The surface morphology characterization showed LDH crystallite growth onto the surface of SGCN, exploiting the delocalized π-electrons of graphitic

High electrostatic fields of cations in zeolites and other catalysts is shown to modify the elctronic level struture of molecules. As an example, nitrogen molecules become nitrogen oxide like. It is argued that this is relevant for the Haber–Bosch synthesis. It is also pointed out that fields of the order of volts per Angstrom are equivalent to pressures of GigaPascals.

The shape of nanosized CeO2, obtained via polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) micelles, was controlled by microwave (MW)-aided synthesis combined with different combinations of energy input/transfer, including ultrasound (US), ultraviolet (UV) and pressure (P). Whereas ceria nanoflakes resulted from standard solvothermal synthesis, CeO2 nanoparticles were obtained from MW, MW + US and MW + UV. New CeO2 “nanospindles”

Chitosan microbeads with C-doped TiO2, N-doped TiO2 and C,N-codoped TiO2 were prepared to obtain photocatalysts with higher photocatalytic efficiency, active under visible light and easy to removed from aqueous medium. TiO2 powders were synthesized by the sol–gel method and modified using glucose and ammonium nitrate as source of C and N, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction

Heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductors, e.g. TiO2 as photocatalyst is a promising technology for the degradation of environmental pollutants. Preliminary evidence indicates that TiO2 containing construction materials and paints efficiently destroy the ozone precursors NO and NO2 up to 80% and 30% respectively. The materials and paints containing TiO2 developed so far are mostly for outdoor

High reduction temperature generally induces the agglomeration of supported noble metals. Howerve, we found that high temperature reduction did not induce Pd particles sintering but improved Pd dispersion. Multiple methods were further carried out to illuminate the abnormal phenomenon. The results indicated more surface oxygen defects and diffusion of Pd particles were simultaneously induced by high

Pd-based small-pore zeolites with different framework structures (AEI, CHA and RTH) were synthesized by a facile incipient wetness impregnation method. The zeolites were utilized as low-temperature passive NOx adsorbers (PNA) for NOx storage before and after hydrothermal aging. It was found that 1 wt% Pd/AEI showed better PNA behavior than the 1 wt% Pd/CHA and Pd/RTH samples, regardless of hydrothermal

In this study, we developed a novel combination model for different types of catalysts, which could generate synergistic effects for the catalysts with different functions. A Mn3CeOx catalyst with good low-temperature activity and a Ce0.1TiOx catalyst with good medium and high temperature activities were selected to make the combination and show synergistic effects. The combination of Ce0.1TiOx–Mn3CeOx

In this study, sol–gel combining with hydrothermal methods were successfully used to synthesize N and S co-doped TiO2 nanotubes (N@S-TiO2 NTT) for efficient photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The obtained characterization results indicated that the synthesized N@S co-doped TiO2 existed as nanotubes. Specific surface areas of these synthesized nanotubes was greatly that

Two types of mixed oxides of B2O3 and Al2O3 were prepared. Aluminum borates (ABx, x represents the B/(B + Al) ratio) were prepared by low-temperature thermal decomposition of aluminum nitrate and H3BO3 sustained by the simultaneous oxidation of an organic agent (glycerol), while B2O3-Al2O3 with B/(B + Al) ratio of 0.3 was obtained by incipient wetness impregnation of H3BO3 on a commercial γ-Al2O3 support

The surface acidity, adsorption capacity, and photocatalytic performance of nanotubes (NTs) superficially modified with SiO2 were analyzed. The NTs were prepared by the hydrothermal method. Photocatalysts with 1, 3 and 5 wt% of SiO2 were used to promote the adsorption and efficient removal of rhodamine B (Rh B) from water. The photocatalysts were characterized by SBET, XRD, HR-TEM, Zeta potential,

This study presents the generation of a renewable fuel using acetic acid as electron donor, copper slag (CS) as photocatalyst and UV–Vis irradiation. The CS was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Specific surface area (SBET) was determined on basis of N2 isotherms. A 23 factorial experimental design was performed

This note proposes that the theories of field evaporation and field desorption, as used in atom-probe microscopy and related atomic-level contexts, should be consistently formulated in terms of a set of “seven-dimensional (7-D)” formulae and equations that involve the physical quantity “amount of substance”, but make use of an atomic-level constant effectively equal to “one atom” (or, more generally

In this work, sulfation effect on NH3-SCR performance over CeO2 with different morphology (nanocubes and nanorods) was carefully studied. A morphology-sensitive sulfation effect on NH3-SCR activity was observed on CeO2. Interestingly, the NO removal efficiencies of CeO2 nanocubes and CeO2 nanorods got greatly enhanced after the sulfation at low-temperature range (< 350 °C). CeO2 nanorods exhibited

The growth of ultrathin layers of VOx (< 12 monolayers) on Pt(111) and the activity of these layers in catalytic methanol oxidation at 10−4 mbar have been studied with low-energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, rate measurements, and with photoemission electron microscopy. Reactive deposition of V in O2 at 670 K obeys a Stranski–Krastanov growth mode with a (√3 × √3)R30° structure

Furfural is a key bioderived platform molecule, and its hydrogenation affords access to a number of important chemical intermediates that can act as “drop-in” replacements to those derived from crude oil or novel alternatives with desirable properties. Here, the vapour phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol at 180 °C over standard impregnated nickel catalysts is reported and contrasted

Abstract The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the limiting factor in an electrolyzer and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) the limiting factor in a fuel cell. In OER, water is converted to O2 and H+/e− pairs, while in ORR the reverse process happens to form water. Both reactions and their efficiency are important enablers of a hydrogen economy where hydrogen will act as a fuel or energy storage

Mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts were synthesized via a solvothermal method using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as templates. The effect of the SDS concentration and solution pH value on the resulting TiO2 catalyst and its photocatalytic activity were studied. The photocatalytic activity was assessed by degradation methylene blue under low-power (8W × 4) UV light irradiation. The best

The bulk properties and chemical reactivity of disordered Pt-Ni alloys in the A1 (fcc) structure are investigated using different methods: Virtual Crystal Approximation (VCA), Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker Coherent Potential Approximation (KKR-CPA), and large explicit supercells generated using Super-Cell Random Approximates (SCRAPs). While VCA predicts lattice constants that closely follow Vegard’s law,

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a promising way to produce clean liquid fuels and high value-added chemicals from low-value carbon-containing resources such as coal, natural/shale gas, waste wood/plastics, and CO2 via syngas (CO + H2). Precipitated iron-based catalysts are one group of commercially viable FTS catalysts that are important in academic circles as well as in industry. Here, we briefly

Abstract Ozone is a strong oxidizer and sulfur dioxide is a precursor to acid rain, both are air pollutants that can damage the respiratory tissues of animals and plants making them hazardous to the environment. They are isoelectronic valence O = X = O (X = S, O) molecules and their mechanism of reduction on carbons is similar. The solid–gas kinetics were studied in a flow system with a tubular reactor

Acid and basic sites on monoclinic and tetragonal zirconia were investigated at the DFT level by computing IR and NMR properties of adsorbed probe molecules. Regular and stepped ZrO2 surfaces as well as stoichiometric zirconia nanoparticles have been considered. Acidity and basicity were probed by the adsorption of carbon monoxide and pyrrole, respectively. CO adsorption shows a positive shift of the

By means of a combined experimental and computational approach, we show that a 2D metal–organic framework self-assembled at the Au(111) termination is able to mimic the O2 stabilization and activation mechanisms that are typical of the biochemical environment of proteins and enzymes. 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)21H,23H-porphyrin cobalt(III) chloride (CoTPyP) molecules on Au(111) bind dioxygen forming

The design of active and stable Pt-based nanoscale electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays the central role in ameliorating the efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel-cells towards future energy applications. On that front, theoretical studies have contributed significantly to this research area by gaining deeper insights and understanding of the ongoing processes. In this

CoO, NiO or CuO oxides were employed as co-catalysts on Bi2O3–TiO2 (BT) structure in the photocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol under UV light irradiation. The intimate contact between the co-catalysts and base material contributed to an enhancement in the photocatalytic activity due to the formation of the p-n heterojunction that effectively separates charge carriers. CuO–BT, NiO–BT and Co–BT showed

We report the microwave-assisted synthesis of heterojunctions based on bismuth niobate (BiNbO4) and tungsten oxide (WO3). These architectures have been used as photoanodes for water splitting under simulated AM1.5G solar light. We show for the first time that by controlling temperature and irradiation power it is possible to tune the fraction of orthorhombic and triclinic phases in BiNbO4 nanoparticles

The hydrogenation of benzaldehyde in cyclohexane over a 5 wt% Pd/Al2O3 catalyst at 313 K is firstly investigated at ambient pressure in a stirred batch reactor. The formation of benzyl alcohol is a facile process and a small mass imbalance is indirectly attributed to the formation of benzene as a by-product. No hydrogenolysis reaction to form toluene is observed. Secondly, examination of this reaction

Alumina-lantana (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 wt% La) mixed oxides of suitable texture to be applied as supports of catalysts for hydrodesulfurization of FCC naphtha-range oil-derived distillates were prepared by rare-earth pore-filling impregnation through corresponding nitrate. Co, Mo and P were deposited on binary carriers by one-pot simultaneous impregnation method used during commercial hydrotreating catalysts

A comparative study of the catalytic properties for the oxidation of C2-C3 alkanes and olefins has been carried out over unpromoted and M-promoted NiO catalysts (Me = K, La, Ce, al, Zr, Sn, Nb). The catalysts have been characterized by several physico-chemical techniques (UV Raman, Visible Raman, FTIR of adsorbed CO and XPS). The characteristics of promoter elements are of paramount importance, since

This work presents the main results regarding the use of solar heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO2 on the removal of Benzophenone-1 and Benzophenone-2 (BP1 and BP2) in aqueous samples at lab and pilot scale. BP1 and BP2 are two UV-filters that have been classified as potential endocrine disruptors, and their presence in water has been reported by different researches. Experiments were conducted

To address the pressures associated with an increasing energy demand and rising cost of liquid fuel production, alternative feedstocks are being developed. One such potential replacement is bio-oils, which are derived from biomass, however the oil produced is often chemically unstable, corrosive and has low heating values due to the high oxygen content. Thus, an upgrading process is required to lower

Catalytic performance of fresh and aged impregnated Pd/LaFeO3 and sol gel LaFe1−xPdxO3 Natural Gas Vehicle Three-Way Catalysts, in powder form and wash-coated on ceramic monolith, have been investigated. Aging at 980 °C in wet atmosphere has no detrimental effect on the structural properties with the preservation of the orthorhombic structure of the perovskite. On the other hand, a loss of specific

In recent years it has been discovered that some common use medicines, such as ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are found in water sources in concentrations that have the potential to affect aquatic organisms. On the other hand, waste used tires are a massive problem for the environment due to the leaching of toxic compounds to soils and water. Also, the exposition to environmental

In the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of alkanes, some important advances of the last decade have made it possible to accelerate the development and industrial insertion of the M1 based catalytic systems. These catalysts may be fine-tuned to account for the inevitable variability of different chemicals and impurities in the feedstocks. The latter may include, among others, different blends of shale

Photocatalytic degradation using TiO2 is one of the most effective techniques for treating residual emerging compounds present in water. However, practical applications are limited since it only absorbs ultraviolet irradiation. Nitrogen and sulfur (N, S) co-doped TiO2 nanomaterials (N,S-TiO2) were prepared by a controlled sol–gel method; the characterization and photocatalytic activity have been studied

Mn–Ce–VOx/TiO2 (MnCeVTi), Mn–CeOx/TiO2 (MnCeTi) and Mn–VOx/TiO2 (MnVTi) nanocomposites as SCR DeNOx catalysts were synthesized by a modified sol–gel method. All catalysts shows high NOx conversion of over 90% at low temperature between 125 and 200 °C with GHSV of 30,000 h−1. MnCeVTi catalyst demonstrates the highest NOx conversion and produces the least byproduct N2O at 110–310 °C. The co-presence

Photodegradation of an industrial Azo dye C.I Basic Red 46, was examined in a semi-pilot scale prototype solar photoreactor under solar radiation. In our study, photodegradation of the dye was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Box-Wilson approach. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to establish suitable modeling and optimal conditions for the Solar UV/Immobilized-TiO2

This study provides new insight into the implementation and synergy effect of coupling in sequences of the photocatalysis ([TiO2-UVC]), ozone (O3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) applied to degradation and mineralization of a model compound such as caffeine (in synthetic solution and industrial wastewater). The system consists of an annular photoreactor coupled to two venturi valves with a continuous

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has exhibited huge application value in many fields including chemical synthesis, medicine, environmental remediation, and fuel cells. Traditional anthraquinone method for H2O2 commercial production has emerged the drawbacks of toxicity, H2 consumption and high energy input. Photocatalytic production of H2O2, which only requires water, oxygen, solar light and catalyst, is a

Various forms of cobalt catalysts have been studied extensively for selective aerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons. However, it remains unclear whether cobalt can directly activate molecular oxygen under mild reaction conditions. Here we investigated the catalytic roles of cobalt in ethylbenzene oxidation with and without a hydroperoxide initiator. The contribution of different cobalt species was studied

The identity of the surface intermediates involved in chain growth during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis remains a topic of ongoing debate. In the present work we use a combination of temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy and high resolution X-ray photoemission spectroscopy to study the reactivity of C3Hx adsorbates on a Co(0001) single crystal surface in order to explore the stabilities of the different

The pathways of ethane oxidative dehydrogenation and total combustion have been elucidated for M1 phase type Mo–V oxide catalysts with different metal composition. The ethane oxidation mechanism is not affected by the presence of Te or Nb. Conversely, the selectivity is strongly affected by stoichiometry of M1 catalysts. This is attributed to the facile oxidation of ethene to COx upon formation of