Abstract Two types of single metal atoms embedded in graphene were investigated as a potential electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for the application in a fuel cell. ORR was considered in the four elementary reaction steps of oxygen hydrogenation, perhydroxyl production, atomic oxygen hydrogenation, and final water form. All calculations of catalytic activity were performed with the

Abstract Molybdenum disulfide is regarded as the inheritor of Pt-based catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), arising from low-cost and abundant resource. However, the electrocatalytic efficiency of MoS2 is much lower than that of Pt-based catalysts, as a result of lacking edge active sites, poor activity of basal plane, and deficient conductivity. Herein, by introducing nanoflower-like

Abstract Several biosensors based on the immobilization of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at different transducers have been reported in literature. In this work, a gold electrode covalently modified with a hydrogel (Au-HGL) was used as a platform for the immobilization of ALP enzyme to produce Au-HGL/ALP biosensor. The biosensor construction was evaluated by Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV)

Abstract Selectivity of nanocrystalline anatase electrodes with different preferential surface orientation in formaldehyde reduction was assessed as a model of oxide-based catalyst for electrochemical CO2 valuation. Cathodic behavior of TiO2 (anatase)-based electrodes observed in formaldehyde reaction integrates, in fact, several processes including hydrogen evolution, formaldehyde reduction, and proton

There was a typo in author name. The correct author name should be: Bartosz Hamankiewicz.

Abstract The Fe and N co-functionalized catalyst is controllably synthesized by three-step strategy. Prussian blue (PB) and poly 2,6-diaminopyridine (PDAP) are preferentially selected to synthesize a core-shell structure attributed to their advantageous properties. Under pyrolysis process, carbonized PDAP serves as a block layer to prevent Fe-based nanoparticles from aggregation and increase the content

Abstract This work reports on cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), studied on Ir-activated nickel foam materials, prepared through spontaneous and electrodeposition methods (examined in 0.1 M NaOH electrolyte). Both Ir modifications of Ni foam caused substantial improvement of the HER kinetics, as compared with those recorded for as-received and surface-activated nickel foam materials. Electrochemical

Abstract Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the most popular and widely used oxidants. Among the wide range of synthesis techniques used for the production of H2O2; the electrochemical method allows the use of gas diffusion electrodes to generate H2O2 without limiting the low solubility of O2 in water. The present work reports the modification of carbon black with quinone, where the generation of H2O2

Abstract Lithium-manganese orthosilicate powders were synthesized via a modified solvothermal method. Three different weight ratios of sucrose used as a carbon source were investigated for finding an effective carbon coating process. Synthesized materials were analyzed by structural and morphological (X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption, thermogravimetry

Abstract Pt/C and Pt9Bi1/C catalysts are synthesized by wet chemistry, characterized by physicochemical and electrochemical methods, and evaluated towards glucose and methyl-glucoside electrooxidation in alkaline medium. Pt9Bi1/C leads to onset potentials 150 to 350 mV lower than those recorded on Pt/C for glucose and methyl-glucoside oxidation, respectively. From in situ infrared spectroscopy, main

Abstract Here, we report for the first time the results of systematic characterization of a low-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane direct ethanol fuel cell using DC and AC electrochemical methods. Model catalysts (carbon supported Pt nanoparticles) painted on carbon paper are used as anode and cathode. Influence of physical parameters, such as cell temperature, current density, and ethanol concentration

Abstract In this work, thin layers of MoO3 were tested as potential photoanodes for water splitting. The influence of photointercalation of alkali metal cation (K+) into the MoO3 structure on the photoelectrochemical properties of the molybdenum trioxide films was investigated for the first time. MoO3 thin films were synthesized via thermal annealing of thin, metallic Mo films deposited onto the FTO

Abstract Exploring self-supported electrodes with effective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and durability is of great significance for the future development of metal-air batteries and fuel cells. However, there remain serious challenges in identifying suitable materials and developing sustainable fabrication processes to achieve highly efficient, durable and low-cost self-supported air cathodes

Abstract In this paper is presented a simple one-pot synthesis of a composite electrode with a non-noble metal for the catalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media. The Ni[MoS2] composite electrocatalyst has been synthesized by nickel electrodeposition on nickel electrodes with a conventional Ni-Watts plating bath containing MoS2 particles. This method was selected as it allows obtaining

Abstract The behavior of bubbles on a rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) during water electrolysis has been investigated as fundamental study to evaluate gas evolution reaction electrode activity. The gas evolved on the surface of the electrode reduced the active surface area and increased the overpotential for electrolysis. We investigated how the shape of the electrode affects the bubble behavior

Abstract The determination of catalyst stability is as important as the determination of catalyst activity but receives much less attention because of the time required for measurement. Accelerated potential cycling tests do not always reflect the conditions experienced by catalysts operating in a fuel cell environment. Pt cathode electrodes operating at high steady-state potentials (0.8–1 V) in proton

Abstract The 3D architecture of Co(II) oxide (CoO) having oxygen defects has been recognized as a highly functional characteristic towards efficient electrocatalysis of water. Herein, different surface structures of CoO in the form of chemically deposited films were fabricated via AACVD technique, directly over the transparent fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes just by varying the deposition

Abstract Structural effects on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt single-crystal electrodes modified with melamine have been investigated. The activity of ORR on Pt(111) modified with melamine was threefold that on bare Pt(111). The ORR activity of Pt(331) = 3(111)-(111), which was the highest among the Pt single-crystal electrodes studied, was increased twofold after the modification with melamine

Abstract Treatments of simulated effluent solutions containing the Reactive Black 5 (RB5) were carried out by electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, electro-Fenton and photoelectro-Fenton methods using a one-compartment cell with a boron-doped diamond anode and a 3% of manganese dioxide nanoflowers supported on a carbon Vulcan XC72 gas diffusion electrode cathode. In the photo-assisted processes, the

In the present work, a simple approach was proposed to produce nanocomposites of nickel nanoparticles decorating graphite flake surface (Ni-NP/graphite) from a ball milling method for methanol electrooxidation reaction. Nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs) were obtained after milling for 40 h at 400 rpm. The nanocomposites were prepared blending Ni-NPs and graphite flakes and milling at different ball rotation

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 on gold cathodes was investigated, and the major products were found to be CO, H2 and formate, which is consistent with existing literature. The Faradaic efficiency for CO production decreased from around 60 to 10% over the course of 4 h when the electrolysis was performed at – 5 mA cm–2 in 0.2 M KHCO3 saturated with CO2. This deactivation was accompanied by an

“Approximate” Pt layers hold great promise to be highly active and durable oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Electrodeposition of such layers on relevant catalyst supports, for example TiOx, requires the application of a “Pt-on-Pt” deposition limiter to keep layers thin and leave no atom behind for catalysis. Classic Pt-on-Pt deposition limiting agents like CO and over-potential deposited

Abstract Pd-rich Pd-Pt-Ru alloys, obtained by electrodeposition, were characterized by microscopic and electrochemical techniques at room temperature (298 K). The influence of the electrode potential and bulk composition on the amount of electrosorbed hydrogen was studied in 0.5 M H2SO4 aqueous solutions and compared with the behavior of Pd-Rh-Ru alloys under identical experimental conditions. The

Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFC) still lack active and efficient electrocatalysts for the alkaline ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). In this work, a new instant reduction synthesis method was developed to prepare carbon supported ternary PdNiBi nanocatalysts with improved EOR activity. Synthesized catalysts were characterized with a variety of structural and compositional analysis techniques in order

Abstract Wastewater treatment challenges by conventional methods have necessitated the need for alternative/complementary methods that are environmentally safe and efficient especially towards recalcitrant organic pollutants. In this regard, a novel highly active visible-light responsive photoanode with the ternary hybrid CuO/Cu2O/TiO2 nanorods array film is proposed to enhance electron transfer in

Electrocatalytic activity and sorption behavior of hydrogen in nanosized Pd–Si–(Cu) metallic glass thin film and Pd thin film electrodes sputtered on a Si/SiO2 substrate were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrode MG4 (Pd69Si18Cu13) exhibits the best performance with the highest electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen

We have studied the electrochemical adsorption of sulfuric acid anions on the Pt(110) and Pt(100) surfaces employing calculations based on the density functional theory. Our results show that bisulfate, as well as hydronium–sulfate ion pairs, can be adsorbed on Pt(110) at electrode potentials below 0.4 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). On the other hand, only bisulfate is stable on Pt(100)

Thin layers of BiVO4/V2O5 were prepared on FTO substrates using pulsed laser deposition technique. The method of cobalt hexacyanocobaltate (Cohcc) synthesis on the BiVO4/V2O5 photoanodes consists of cobalt deposition followed by electrochemical oxidation of metallic Co in K3[Co(CN)6] aqueous electrolyte. The modified electrodes were tested as photoanodes for water oxidation under simulated sunlight

Electrochemical behavior of carbon-supported platinum and gold-based catalysts towards glucose oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction were investigated separately in alkaline medium before implementing the glucose/O2 fuel cell with the best anode and cathode catalysts. These electrode materials, prepared from a surfactant-free synthesis approach, were then used in low metal loadings in a fuel cell

Lithium-ion cells are currently the most promising electrochemical power sources. New high-capacity electrodes made of silicon are presently under intensive study. Besides its high capacity, silicon undergoes a significant volume increase (up to 300%) during lithiation. The main research on the silicon-based electrodes is focused on the nanostructure development and capacity/life cycle measurements

This report shows the synthesis of a new family of “core-shell” carbon nitride (CN)-based electrocatalysts (ECs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in acid medium. The ECs comprise “cores” of carbon black nanoparticles (NPs) that are covered by a CN “shell” embedding the active sites. The latter include Pt as the “active metal” and Co as the “co-catalyst.” The interplay between the synthesis parameters

The key to popularizing proton exchange fuel cells is developing highly active, stable, and cost-effective catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. Pd is considered as an alternative to Pt due to its high tolerance to poisoning and electronic similarity with Pt, which is a robust but expensive catalyst. However, its vulnerability to dissolving in acidic media prevents the use of Pd as an oxygen reduction

The influence of the extent of oxidation of Ni electrodes on the kinetics of the hydrogen oxidation (HOR) and evolution (HER) reactions has been explored by combining an experimental cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry study with microkinetic modeling. The HOR/HER specific activity of the Ni/NiOx electrodes follows a volcano-type dependence with a maximum at 30% NiOx coverage corresponding to

Indinavir (IDV) is a potent and well-tolerated protease inhibitor antiretroviral (ARV) drug used as a component of the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It undergoes hepatic first-pass metabolism that is catalysed by microsomal cytochrome P450-3A4 enzyme (CYP3A4), which results in pharmacokinetics that may be favourable or adverse. Therapeutic drug

Biomass-derived porous carbon materials with environmental adaptability and superior specific surface area have become one of the most promising materials in 21st era, especially in the electrochemical application. Herein, we proposed a kelp-derived carbon material (KPC) with a unique highly disordered graphite layer structure as an outstanding sensor via facile KOH activation method. The BET adsorption-desorption

Developing highly competent and cost-effective electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for clean renewable energy technologies. To this end, the wise assimilation of transition metal compounds with carbon materials is a promising approach to prepare efficient electrocatalysts. Here, we report a facile and cost-effective solvothermal route to synthesize cobalt-pyrazolate framework

The development of effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance to combat energy-related concerns in the environment. Herein, we report a one-step solvothermal method employed for the fabrication of nickel selenide hybrids (NiSe-Ni3Se2) and a series of nickel selenide hybrid/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites (NiSe-Ni3Se2/MWCNT) as electrocatalysts for

The poisoning of pure platinum electrodes has propelled the improvement of platinum-based alloy catalysts. In this work, we report the application of exfoliated graphite electrode as an anode platform for binary platinum-based electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation in alkaline media. Platinum-based binary electrocatalysts comprising of Pt-Au and Pt-Pd nanoparticles on functionalized multi-walled carbon

Amorphous Ni79.2Nb12.5Y8.3 and Ni81.3Nb6.3Y12.5 nanoparticles were synthesized using cryogenic mechanical alloying followed by surfactant-assisted high energy ball milling (SA-HEBM). These alloys were tested towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) along with pure crystalline Ni and Ni5Y nanoparticles also produced through SA-HEBM. This two-stage ball milling process provided a novel processing

In this study, for the first time, we developed a novel platform for the removal of the synthetic organic dye Reactive Blue 52 based on a screen-printed electrode (SPCE). Additionally, SPCE was supported on a nanocomposite obtained by decoration of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with iron oxide nanoflowers (IONFs), labeled as IONF@RGO/SPCE. IONFs were synthesized by polyol-mediated reduction of iron

The presence of mixed 6-thioguanine-nonionic surfactant adsorption layers affects the mechanism and kinetics of the irreversible Bi(III) ion electroreduction process in chlorates(VII). Tween 80 and Triton X-100 change the dynamics of the catalytic effects of 6-thioguanine on Bi(III) ion electroreduction with the tendency of inhibition. The mechanism of catalytic activity of 6-thioguanine is associated

Effects of the crystallographic structures of metal-phthalocyanines (metal: Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) between α and β phases on electrochemical oxygen reduction catalytic activities were investigated in acidic condition. As the distances of centered-metal in the structures of α and β phases are 3.8 Å and 4.8 Å, respectively, they were closed to the size of an oxygen molecule (3.6 Å). The phases of metal-phthalocyanines

We report a novel application of a carbon paste electrode modified with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) intercalated kaolin clay for the electrochemical detection of Pb2+in aqueous medium using square wave voltammetry. SDS was used to modify a chemically purified kaolin clay via intercalation process to prepare a carbon paste electrode. The SDS kaolin clay was obtained by intercalation of SDS into the

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) properties were intensely affected by the facet of electrocatalysts. For example, (111) facet of Pt3Ni alloy has been proved to have excellent ORR electrocatalytic activity. Therefore, it could be very important to synthesize Pt3Ni nanocrystals with large proportion of (111) facet. However, most reported Pt3Ni polyhedron bound by (111) facets were synthesized using

This study investigates the degradation and mineralization of BTEX by heterogeneous electro-Fenton process using GO/MWCNT/Fe3O4 as a catalyst and MWCNT-Ce/WO3/GF as an electrode. The nanoscale MWCNT-Ce/WO3 composite catalyst was distributed more evenly on GF surface to form a catalyst layer with higher oxygen reduction reaction performance. After optimization of pH and time variables, the Box–Behnken

An “approximate” Pt monolayer is a desirable morphology for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts with high mass activity. Such structures can, reliably, be synthesized on gold by monolayer-limited CO- or over-potential deposited hydrogen (Hopd)-terminated Pt electrodeposition. On a more appropriate catalyst support for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), namely, the native oxide on metallic

The development of support structures for electrocatalysts has received a great deal of attention over the last decade, with carbon structures (i.e. nanostructures, Vulcan carbon (VC)) having been studied extensively. Carbon support structures increase the surface area, stability and activity of electrocatalysts in most cases, and can be used to overcome the delamination of thin films. In an attempt

Water formation according to Had + OHad →H2O has recently been proposed as an intermediate step during hydrogen oxidation in alkaline solutions. Choosing Ni/Cu bimetallic surfaces as model catalysts, we have investigated the energetics and kinetics of this step in the form of a bifunctional mechanism. With the aid of density functional theory, we have identified several reaction paths on such surfaces

A nanostructured composite matrix containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), graphene oxide (GO), and Nafion was immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by drop casting. The GO was electrochemically reduced (erGO), in order to obtain a modified interface (GCE/AuNPs-erGO-Nafion) able to detect l-ascorbic acid (AA) at lower oxidation potentials with increased sensitivity. The obtained

Titanium suboxides, such as the Magnéli-phase TixO2x–1, have attracted much attention as candidates of stable electrode materials because of their high conductivity and stability. The synthesis of porous titanium suboxides with high surface area without the formation of residual carbon is important to achieve active and stable electrode materials. Here, the synthesis of mesoporous Magnéli-phase Ti6O11

The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is used to support nickel(II)-bis(1,10-phenanthroline) complex (Ni(II)(Phen)2), forming a catalyst Ni(II)(Phen)2/rGO for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). A pyrolytic graphite electrode modified by this catalyst shows excellent electrocatalytic EOR activity, characterized by physical and electrochemical methods. The electrocatalytic activity of the material was evaluated

This study presents a comparative investigation of supporting electrolyte effect on the surface corrosion and anodic oxidation performance of graphite electrode. The effect of electrolyte on the electrochemical behavior is investigated in solution containing 0.05 mol L−1 sodium salt, using current-overpotential curves and Tafel lines. The surface morphology and composition of the graphite anodes before

The 3D flower-like Ni0.6Zn0.4O microspheres were prepared by calcination treatment of Ni–Zn LDHs (layered double hydroxides) that were obtained through a hydrothermal method. The yielded Ni0.6Zn0.4O microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller

Cyclic voltammetry and potentiodynamic polarization techniques were used to study the effects of 4-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2yl)phenoxy] phthalonitrile (BT) and tetrakis[(benzo[d]thiazol-2ylphenoxy) phthalocyaninato] gallium(III)chloride (ClGaBTPc) as aluminium corrosion inhibitors in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid. The presence of the inhibitors in the concentration range of 2 to 10 μM was found to retard the

In this study, we evaluated the Ag–Co alloy as a catalyst in the Li–O2 battery electrode aiming to improve the electrochemical performance of the energy system. Ag–Co alloys were obtained by cyclic voltammetry from an electrolytic bath. The influence of O2 pressure (1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 atm) and current density (25, 50, and 75 μA cm−2) on the charge and discharge on the cell were studied. It was observed

So far, the application of fullerene derivative support in electrocatalysis has been limited by fullerene’s low electronic conductivity and the difficulty in film morphology control. Although highly conductive (1.5 s m−1) fullerene ammonium iodide (PCBANI) had been demonstrated to be a potential support, the solid self-assembled film is not of benefit for metallic nanoparticle (NP) to exhibit catalytic

In direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), the methanol crossover from the anode to the cathode is a major cause of power density loss because of the overpotential arising due to the parasitic reaction of methanol oxidation at the cathode. Catalysts modified with S have shown better methanol tolerance; however, the preparation routes often require high temperatures or pressures and very long times, making

This work investigates the removal of acid orange 7 dye from aqueous solution through photo electrochemical technique using a composite of exfoliated graphite and bismuth vanadate (EG-BiVO4) as photoanode. Monoclinic sheelite BiVO4 nanoparticles were synthesised through the hydrothermal route and subsequently added to prepared EG to form a composite. The EG-BiVO4 composite was fully characterised through

DSA (dimensionally stable anodes)-type electrodes (TiO2-RuO2-WO3/Ti) were prepared by the thermal decomposition of proper metal precursor on titanium substrate. Electrochemical and corrosion characteristics of these electrodes were determined in [Fe(CN)6]3−/[Fe(CN)6]4− system and Na2SO4 solution with the application of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The electrode active surface area and

We have synthesized polyaniline/carbon black-supported Pd nanoparticle composites (Pd/PANI/C) that show comparable activity and durability for ORR compared with Pd/C in alkaline solution. The HR-TEM images show that the Pd nanoparticles were more evenly distributed on the surface of the PANI/C than those on Pd/C. The activity of Pd/PANI/C catalyst for ORR depends on the ratio of PANI/C and the best