In the context of heterogeneous catalysis, oxygen on metals and oxygen on metal oxides are often considered as two different phenomena that are little related to each other. The former is mainly investigated in the field of Surface Science and the calculation chemistry, while the latter in the field of conventional catalysis. In this review we performed a joint analysis of the literature data obtained

Hydrodesulfurization is a valuable cornerstone in the modern refineries, aiming to reduce sulfur-containing compounds to produce cleaner end-products, by using heterogeneous metal catalysts at elevated temperatures and hydrogen pressures. The removal of refractory sulfur is a great challenge in commercial HDS of diesel fuels. This prospective review briefs synthesis factors influencing the performance

Aromatic monomers from controlled lignin depolymerization are a possible valorization of biomass lignin-residues generated in cellulosic biorefineries and in current pulp and paper industries. Among different lignin depolymerization approaches, selective catalytic hydrogenolysis is a potential pathway for lignin conversion into desired aromatics. This review provides a summary of recent work on reductive

The use of machine learning (ML) in catalysis has been significantly increased in recent years due to the astonishing developments in data processing technologies and the accumulation of a large amount of data in published literature and databases. The data generated in house or extracted from external sources have been analyzed using various ML techniques to see patterns, develop models for prediction

The world’s biodiesel increasing production is leading to the accumulation of its main by-product, crude glycerol, with almost no economic value, which valorization is crucial to increase biodiesel production sustainability and competitiveness. Glycerol is a potential platform chemical, with several valorization routes identified. Among them, selective catalytic aerobic oxidation is an attractive and

Fischer–Tropsch (FT) process is a promising method for producing liquid fuels and other valuable chemicals through CO hydrogenation. The catalyst activity and product selectivity can be strongly affected by different parameters such as support and promoters. The physicochemical and textural properties of the support affect the metal–support interaction, crystallite size, metal dispersion, mass transfer

In recent years, the reactions of abundantly available, inexpensive, and structurally diverse alkenyl acids (-C=C-COOH) with C-X (X = halogen) or C-H coupling partner have emerged as vital strategies for the streamlined synthesis of functionalized alkenes with extrusion of innocuous CO2. Various alkenyl acids such as cinnamic acids can act as stable surrogates for the polymerization prone styrenes/olefins

This review mainly focuses on purely Ag-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AgAAC) so called click reaction to synthesize 1,4-regioisomers of 1,2,3-triazoles. The most established catalyst Cu (I) developed by Fokin–Sharpless and Meldal group in 2002 for AAC reaction have been further extended to different other transition metal catalysts because of certain limitations of CuAAC methods

Implemented with the highly efficient concept of Dynamic Kinetic Resolution (DKR), dynamic covalent chemistry can be a useful strategy for the synthesis of enantioenriched compounds. This gives rise to dynamic covalent kinetic resolution (DCKR), a subset of DKR that over the last decades has emerged as increasingly fruitful, with many applications in asymmetric synthesis and catalysis. All DKR protocols

Pesticides and organic waste constitute a group of environmental pollutants that are widely distributed in our environment due to various human activities. Adsorptive removal and photocatalytic degradation of these pollutants from water have emerged as energy and cost-effective technologies. However, advanced oxidation technologies are gaining attention as an effective method for wastewater treatment

It is crucial to control NOx emission into the atmosphere because it can make several harmful health and environmental effects. Many techniques are available for NOx reduction, and among them, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is one of the most efficient techniques for NOx removal in flue gas cleaning process. The reduction of NOx by CO offers a simple and low-cost technology for reducing NOx emissions

Partial oxidation of methane (POM) offers a promising option to produce syngas for downstream processes such as hydrogen production and Fischer-Tropsch processes. POM in fixed-bed reactors requires an oxygen separation plant with high operation cost and safety risks. On the contrary, membrane reactors can provide an improved process by integrating both oxygen separation and catalytic reaction processes

Alkanediols with five and six carbon atoms (1,2- & 1,5-pentanediols and 1,2- & 1,6-hexanediols, respectively) are an important class of industrial chemicals having wide application. Their production from lignocellulosic biomass-derived furfural and its derivatives using solid catalysts is a sustainable and attractive approach. Several bifunctional catalysts with metal (for hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis)

Inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions have gained comprehensive attraction in recent years. Accordingly, the synthetic approaches for one of the coupling partners, namely s-tetrazine, have been extensively investigated. Generally, the main synthetic method of s-tetrazine relied on the condensation of two nitriles to give the corresponding symmetric/asymmetric tetrazines with moderate to excellent

This article provides a comprehensive and critical review of the latest studies on catalytic glycerol dehydration-oxidation to acrylic acid. The two-bed catalytic system in one or two reactors involves glycerol dehydration to acrolein and subsequent oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid. Zeolites, metal oxides, heteropoly acids, and phosphates are effective in the dehydration of glycerol to acrolein

Catalysis Changes the Scenario Phenyl hydrazine was the first hydrazine derivative prepared by Emil Fisher in 1875 for the characterization of sugars via hydrazones formation. Since then, various chemical applications have been demonstrated for hydrazines such as the synthesis of heterocyclic molecules like Fischer indole synthesis and hydrazone formation, among others. In the recent scenario, the

The present review compiles and critically evaluates studies on the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) using different techniques and catalysts with reaction conditions, a wide range of applications and environmental impact. In this review, we compare different strategies, wide variety of catalysts, and advantages and disadvantages of various DMC synthesis routes. We particularly focus on catalyst

In the recent years, zinc oxide has emerged as one of the promising alternate materials to titania for photocatalytic applications due to its several advantages properties. This review recapitulates the ongoing advancement in the field of ZnO-based heterojunctions as visible light responsive photocatalysts for energy conversion (hydrogen evolution) and environmental remediation (pollutants degradation)

To date, although no commercial process for the selective oxidation of methane has been realized, various novel processes with effective solid materials operated at low temperature have been proposed. It is found that the addition of water in any processes not only influences the activity, selectivity, and stability of the solid materials but also affects the extraction efficiency of methanol from

During the past decades, there have been enormous developments in catalysis in the form of great innovations such as precise structure characterization, surface functionalization, and effective utilization of active sites. In both academic and industrial sectors, the development of efficient nanosized catalysts has received considerable attention because it can improve the efficiency of the catalytic

Caprolactam is the precursor of many industrial chemical productions as in nylon industry, plastic industry, paint industry, lysine synthesis and cross-linking for polyurethanes. The production of caprolactam has been focus much from last three decades among the scientific community to fulfill the industrial need under environment precautions. Herein a sequential and explanatory review broadly covering

Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is known as one of the most promising methods to produce valuable fuels and value-added compounds. To overcome selectivity and efficiency downsides, various photocatalysts have been designed and developed. This review discusses the state-of-the-art in photo-conversion of CO2 over graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based composites. The modification strategies to improve

(2017). Editorial Board EOV. Catalysis Reviews: Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. ebi-ebi.

In this review, we have systematically discussed diesel particulate composition and its formation, understanding of which is essential to design the effective catalyst compositions. The most commonly used after treatment strategies such as diesel oxidation catalysts, diesel particulate filters, and partial flow filters are described followed by chronological and category-wise discussions on various

Gold catalysis in the last two decade has witnessed remarkable improvements in terms of efficiency and scope of application in numerous organic reactions. In particular, the unique ability of gold catalysts to activate π-bonds to effect various cycloaddition reactions has received significant attention. However, the catalytic application of gold in creating new opportunities for the regioselective

Catalytic conversion (hydrolysis) of carbohydrate polymers present in the lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is a key step in the production of bioethanol. Although, acid and enzymatic catalysts are conventionally used for the catalysis of various lignocellulosic biomass, recently application of immobilized enzymes (biocatalysts) have been considered as the most promising approach. Immobilization

Alkene epoxidations are an important class of reactions carried out in industry; however, current methods are plagued by problems, including high cost, difficulty in recovering catalysts, and generation of large quantities of acidic and chlorinated waste. In recent years, nanocatalysts have been considered as robust, heterogeneous alternatives to homogeneous catalysts. This work evaluates silver- and

The pyrrole molecular framework is found in a large number of natural and synthetic compounds of great importance. Since functionalized pyrroles are essential for the progress of many branches of science, its synthesis by simple, efficient and eco-friendly routes are particularly attractive in modern organic and bio-organic chemistry. To this end, a number of synthetic methods have been developed,

This review provides an overview of recent developments in the area of aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of higher olefins using metal catalysts and surfactants, cosolvents, thermoregulated ligands, cyclodextrins, and most importantly emerging water-soluble nonphosphine ligands. Water-soluble phosphine ligands have been widely explored for aqueous biphasic hydroformylation; however, phosphines are

Globally, considerable effort and resources are being channeled toward controlling the rising threat from pollution and other related impacts from man-made activities, which have detrimental effects on human health and the environment. The presence of some associated gases such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the flue gas interfering with the carbon capture processes are responsible for acid

The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) technology is one of the pillars of the modern petroleum industry which converts the crude oil fractions into many commodity fuels and platform chemicals, such as gasoline. Although the FCC field is quite mature, the research scope is still enormous due to changing FCC feedstock, gradual shifts in market demands and evolved unit operations. In this review, we have

Chemical fixation of CO2 into useful organic compounds has been attracting much attention from the viewpoint of CO2 emission reduction and energy structure reformation. A useful and widely investigated chemical utilization of CO2 is the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates. Efforts have been paid to the design and preparation of various catalyst systems that are active

The selective functionalization of inert C-H bonds is always challenging due to their abundance and large bond dissociation energies. Despite recent advancements, the engagement of inert building blocks for distant functionalization is the most appealing approach for the past decade for the construction of complex molecules. Along with the upsurge of proximal C-H bond activation methods, the presence

Formic acid and formates are often produced by hydrogenation of CO2 with hydrogen over homogeneous catalysts. The present review reports recent achievements in utilization of heterogeneous catalysts. It shows that highly dispersed supported metal catalysts are able to carry out this reaction by providing activation of hydrogen on the metal sites and activation of CO2 or bicarbonate on the support sites

The alcoholysis process requires high activity catalysts for biodiesel production. Heterogeneous catalysts have been proven to possess highly active nature and are environment-friendly. The present article emphasizes on various types of solid base catalysts that have been used in the recent past for the production of biodiesel by transesterification of oils. The parameters and conditions affecting

Soon after the publication of the first pioneering works on heterogeneous photocatalysis, the number of papers on this topic continuously increased. This intriguing field of research is very complex as it endows with an interdisciplinary overview that involves different aspects of chemistry, physics, material and environmental sciences. Even if photocatalytic applications in real processes are often

Emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has resulted in various environmental issues. Therefore, development of effective VOC removal technology is essential for reducing the adverse effects associated. This work provides a systematic review on VOC removal from gas stream via catalytic oxidation, plasma degradation, and plasma catalysis. For catalytic oxidation of VOCs, possible reaction mechanisms

This review provides an overview of recent developments in the area of aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of higher olefins using metal catalysts and surfactants, cosolvents, thermoregulated ligands, cyclodextrins, and most importantly emerging water-soluble nonphosphine ligands. Water-soluble phosphine ligands have been widely explored for aqueous biphasic hydroformylation; however, phosphines are

The pyrrole molecular framework is found in a large number of natural and synthetic compounds of great importance. Since functionalized pyrroles are essential for the progress of many branches of science, its synthesis by simple, efficient and eco-friendly routes are particularly attractive in modern organic and bio-organic chemistry. To this end, a number of synthetic methods have been developed,

(2018). EOV Editorial Board. Catalysis Reviews: Vol. 60, No. 4, pp. 629-629.

The alcoholysis process requires high activity catalysts for biodiesel production. Heterogeneous catalysts have been proven to possess highly active nature and are environment-friendly. The present article emphasizes on various types of solid base catalysts that have been used in the recent past for the production of biodiesel by transesterification of oils. The parameters and conditions affecting

Alkene epoxidations are an important class of reactions carried out in industry; however, current methods are plagued by problems, including high cost, difficulty in recovering catalysts, and generation of large quantities of acidic and chlorinated waste. In recent years, nanocatalysts have been considered as robust, heterogeneous alternatives to homogeneous catalysts. This work evaluates silver- and

Globally, considerable effort and resources are being channeled toward controlling the rising threat from pollution and other related impacts from man-made activities, which have detrimental effects on human health and the environment. The presence of some associated gases such as nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the flue gas interfering with the carbon capture processes are responsible for acid

Catalytic conversion (hydrolysis) of carbohydrate polymers present in the lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is a key step in the production of bioethanol. Although, acid and enzymatic catalysts are conventionally used for the catalysis of various lignocellulosic biomass, recently application of immobilized enzymes (biocatalysts) have been considered as the most promising approach. Immobilization

The selective functionalization of inert C-H bonds is always challenging due to their abundance and large bond dissociation energies. Despite recent advancements, the engagement of inert building blocks for distant functionalization is the most appealing approach for the past decade for the construction of complex molecules. Along with the upsurge of proximal C-H bond activation methods, the presence

Formic acid and formates are often produced by hydrogenation of CO2 with hydrogen over homogeneous catalysts. The present review reports recent achievements in utilization of heterogeneous catalysts. It shows that highly dispersed supported metal catalysts are able to carry out this reaction by providing activation of hydrogen on the metal sites and activation of CO2 or bicarbonate on the support sites

Physicochemical methods are frequently used for characterizing the acid-base catalysts which are involved in many industrial processes, with the problem of large differences between their operating conditions and those of catalytic reactions. This drawback does not exist with model reactions, their use demanding essentially a thorough knowledge of their mechanism: intermediates, characteristics of

The diesel engine generally achieves the highest fuel, energy, and thermal efficiency due to its very high compression/expansion ratio (14:1 to 25:1). Diesel engines can have a thermal efficiency that exceeds 50%. The main problem is that they emit more pollution like fine black soot particulates (C8H to C10H) and nitrogen oxides (NOX). These pollutants have been causing serious problems for human

The diesel engine generally achieves the highest fuel, energy, and thermal efficiency due to its very high compression/expansion ratio (14:1 to 25:1). Diesel engines can have a thermal efficiency that exceeds 50%. The main problem is that they emit more pollution like fine black soot particulates (C8H to C10H) and nitrogen oxides (NOX). These pollutants have been causing serious problems for human

Physicochemical methods are frequently used for characterizing the acid-base catalysts which are involved in many industrial processes, with the problem of large differences between their operating conditions and those of catalytic reactions. This drawback does not exist with model reactions, their use demanding essentially a thorough knowledge of their mechanism: intermediates, characteristics of

The primary objective of this review was to illustrate the significance of ceria–zirconia (CZ) mixed oxides as catalysts and catalyst supports as employed for a wide variety of catalytic applications both in the liquid and gaseous phases. In particular, we were interested in bringing together the recent literature pertaining to these mixed oxides with catalysis perspective. The most prominent application

Demand for propene as a petrochemical building block keeps growing, while its availability has been decreased by the adoption of shale gas resources, among others. Efforts to optimize its production by conventional means (including modified fluid catalytic cracking) and new on-purpose production technologies (including ethene to propene (ETP) and olefin cracking) are being pursued. This work reviews

Demand for propene as a petrochemical building block keeps growing, while its availability has been decreased by the adoption of shale gas resources, among others. Efforts to optimize its production by conventional means (including modified fluid catalytic cracking) and new on-purpose production technologies (including ethene to propene (ETP) and olefin cracking) are being pursued. This work reviews

This article reviews the recent advances in the development of zeolite catalysts for biomass valorization processes to produce both biofuels and/or bio-based chemicals, which is an emerging and fast expanding field. The work deals with different types of feedstocks, including vegetable oils, lignocellulose and sugars, as well as with a number of relevant intermediates and platform molecules. Transformation

This review article aims to cover the state-of-the-art of titanosilicate catalysts for selective oxidations developed within past seven years. Many elaborated materials (e.g., layered and pillared titanosilicates, hierarchical composite materials, and others) have been prepared and thoroughly characterized; however, their catalytic properties have been usually investigated only using a single or few

Novel zeolites continue to be synthesized using organic structure directing agents in combination with unconventional choices of inorganic conditions. The latter include synthesis in concentrated fluoride media, synthesis in concentrated hydroxide media, synthesis in the presence of germanium, and synthesis with high concentrations of boron. Post-synthetic treatments of germanosilicates with the ADOR

The primary objective of this review was to illustrate the significance of ceria–zirconia (CZ) mixed oxides as catalysts and catalyst supports as employed for a wide variety of catalytic applications both in the liquid and gaseous phases. In particular, we were interested in bringing together the recent literature pertaining to these mixed oxides with catalysis perspective. The most prominent application

ABSTRACT Oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) has been investigated as an interesting way to obtain higher hydrocarbons from natural gas. The aim of this article is to evaluate the reactor concepts for oxidative coupling of methane, from the 1980s through the current state of the art, giving a general insight into the reactor engineering possibilities and perspectives of application of OCM in large

This review article aims to cover the state-of-the-art of titanosilicate catalysts for selective oxidations developed within past seven years. Many elaborated materials (e.g., layered and pillared titanosilicates, hierarchical composite materials, and others) have been prepared and thoroughly characterized; however, their catalytic properties have been usually investigated only using a single or few

This article reviews the recent advances in the development of zeolite catalysts for biomass valorization processes to produce both biofuels and/or bio-based chemicals, which is an emerging and fast expanding field. The work deals with different types of feedstocks, including vegetable oils, lignocellulose and sugars, as well as with a number of relevant intermediates and platform molecules. Transformation