The correct expression of temperature measurement results is of the utmost importance for experimental research in thermal sciences. Temperature measurements are used in heat transfer models to estimate various parameters, either in direct or inverse problems. The reliability of these parameter values depends mainly on the uncertainty associated with the measured temperature. This paper deals with

The density as a function of temperature was determined for liquid iridium (Ir) and rhenium (Re) by means of shadow imaging in ohmic pulse-heating experiments. In addition to regular experiments at \(0.23\,\text {MPa}\), high-pressure experiments at static pressures between \(0.18\,\text {GPa}\) to \(0.30\,\text {GPa}\) were performed to increase the metals’ boiling point and thus determine density

This study focuses on production of lightweight concrete that presents thermal insulation property. Lightweight concretes were produced using resin-added cement and expanded vermiculite. The rates of expanded vermiculite were determined as 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of the total volume in the mixture. The amount of tragacanth resin in the mixture was detected as 0%, 0.5% and 1% of the total weight of cement

There is a renewed interest in the use of the refrigerant CF\(_3\)I for refrigeration and air-conditioning applications, driven by its low global warming potential (similar to that of CO\(_2\)), low (but nonzero) ozone depletion potential, and its ability to suppress flammability. In this paper, the existing thermodynamic data for this fluid are summarized. Furthermore, as CF\(_3\)I has been proposed

The ground state properties of the Mg2Sn compound under seven different crystal structures were studied using a first principles approach based on the full-potential augmented plane wave method FP-LAPW within the GGA-PBEsol approximation. We fixed the cubic structure of CaF2-type as zero pressure phase and we have considered the orthorhombic PbCl2-type, hexagonal Ni2In-type, tetragonal Al2Cu-type,

A recent interest in the mechanical properties of spider silk has also brought about investigations into the thermal properties of thin fibers, often with contradictory results. Because of the high length-to-diameter ratio of fibers, two key obstacles arise during their thermal characterization: the need to develop non-standard techniques to measure properties and the lack of reliable methods to confirm

Indian Geranium Grass popularly known as palmarosa is widely grown in many parts of Indian Sub-continent and used for its aromatic flavor in South American and Middle East countries. In this current study, Indian Geranium Grass oil is blended with diesel in different proportions from 0 % to 100 % by volume and its impact on performance, combustion and emission characteristics is investigated in a single-cylinder

Nanofluids have been widely used as working fluids in thermal systems on account of their enhanced aptitudes on heat transfer. In this paper, an aqueous hybrid nanofluid suspension including Fe and CuO nanoparticles (50:50) was prepared at 2 % mass concentration and utilized as working fluid inside a plain heat pipe under miscellaneous working conditions implemented on both evaporator and condenser

In this computational research, we study the electric field and microchannel type effects on H2O/Fe3O4 nanofluid dynamical manner. The dynamical characteristics of this atomic structure are calculated using molecular dynamics method and we reported physical parameters such as total temperature, total energy, radial distribution function, velocity, density and temperature profiles of H2O/Fe3O4 nanofluid

Thermal contact resistance is one of the factors that complicates heat transfer between the interfaces of different components. Because heat transfer is influenced by several factors, it is difficult to estimate all the influencing factors for practical applications. In this study, the thermal contact resistance between two solid surfaces was evaluated using the photoacoustic (PA) technique. The samples

The densities and dynamic viscosities of three binary liquid mixtures of tricyclo [5.2.1.02,6] deca-3,8-diene(endo-DCPD) with ethanol, 2-propanol and 1-pentanol at different temperatures (293.15, 303.15 and 313.15) K and atmospheric pressure were measured over the entire compositional range. The excess molar volume, viscosity deviation and excess Gibbs energy for activation of the viscous flow of mixtures

Due to the extreme use of fossil fuels and increasing environmental problems, the steel industries have been always seeking solutions to decrease energy consumption. These efforts will not only reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) but also decrease the costs of these industries. In this study, we investigated the effects of burners’ heating load distribution in a hot-rolling preheating furnace, by numerical

We discuss the effects of the recently proposed generalized (anti-)Snyder model on the thermostatistics of a classical ideal gas in the canonical ensemble and the blackbody energy spectrum. In the framework of this modified algebra, we calculate the modified partition function exactly and derive all thermodynamic quantities. The results show that the effects of the generalized (anti-)Snyder model become

Molten nitrate-based salts find potential use as a heat transfer fluid as well as thermal energy storage fluid in concentrating solar power plants primarily due to their relative inertness to construction materials and lower viscosities. It has been observed that ternary nitrate salt mixtures have lower melting points as compared to binary mixtures. One important property looked at during material

The measure of stability of sulfolane (SFL) in aqueous alkanolamine solution was investigated. For this purpose, degradation of SFL was experimentally studied under the stripping operational condition (T = 130 °C). The experiments were divided into two general categories: (1) aqueous solution of SFL with and without presence of oxygen to receive a sense of thermal and oxidative SFL degradation; (2)

The activity coefficient at infinite dilution for 47 selected organic solutes in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIM]Cl) ionic liquid (IL) was determined at 303.15 K to 343.15 K through inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The partial molar excess enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy at infinite dilution, and Hildebrand solubility parameters were obtained from the values of activity coefficient

Understanding working fluids flow and heat transfer in Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) is critically important for assessing production capabilities and heat extraction rates from hot dry rock (HDR) effectively. Water is a conventional working fluid of EGS; therefore, it is necessary to study water–rock coupling heat transfer within HDR fractures. A single fracture is a basic element of complex fracture

This work has been dedicated to modeling the interfacial tension of hexane \(+\) alcohol mixtures in the temperature range of 283.15 K to 313.15 K. The cubic plus association equation of state is applied to the liquid–vapor phase equilibrium calculations. The binary interaction parameters are obtained according to the experimental phase equilibrium data. The linear gradient theory is used as a predictive

In this study, molecular dynamics method is used to estimate the atomic manner that effect on H2O/Cu Nanofluid behavior. The Copper Nanochannel with sphere barriers is simulated to study of H2O/Cu Nanofluid flow and the atomic interactions of these structures are described by Embedded Atom Model and Lennard-Jones force fields. For study of atomic behavior of these structures, physical parameters such

Simple equipment for measuring the coefficient of performance (COP) requires a basic thermodynamics approach and many coefficients of the gas state equation and saturated liquid line equation are affected by factors such as pressure, temperature, and volume. The coefficients used in these equations vary depending on the literature. In this study, the influence of a change in the coefficients on the

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

We reported experimental measurements of the diffusion coefficient of methane at effectively infinite dilution in methylbenzene and in heptane at temperatures ranging from (323 to 398) K and at pressures up to 65 MPa. The Taylor dispersion method was used and the overall combined standard relative uncertainty was 2.3%. The experimental diffusion coefficients were correlated with a simple empirical

The flash method is a commonly used technique for estimating the thermal diffusivity of solid materials. In this work, we develop a new efficient formula for the thermal diffusivity calculation to process the flash method data in the case of heat losses at the rear and front faces. First, the transient heat equation is analytically solved using the Green functions under time-dependent convection boundary

Nanofluid is a solid–fluid mixture. By using one solid nanoparticle or one fluid, mono-nanofluid (MN) forms, and by using two solid nanoparticles (NPs) or two fluids, hybrid-nanofluid (HN) forms. For this study, for MN, copper oxide (CuO) and for HN, two solids, which are CuO and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were dispersed in base fluid which is water. After nanofluid preparation, thermal conductivity

This article provides an autobiographical account of many of my professional activities.

Abstract Density and speed of sound of methane + n-heptane binary mixtures were measured at a temperature equal to 303.15 K and at pressures ranging from 10 MPa to 70 MPa. The measurements were performed in pure n-heptane and eight different mixtures with methane molar percentage ranging from 20 % to 95 %. Speed of sound data was obtained by a pulse-echo technique working at 3 MHz whereas density data

Although the drying processes have an important place in the textile industry in terms of drying or various textile finishing applications, they are considered as an expensive process in terms of energy and time consumed. Therefore, it is of great importance to simulate with mathematical models the drying behavior of a stenter (ram machine), one of the most preferred convection dryers in the textile

Moisture content can affect the thermo-physical properties of many materials. Thus sufficient knowledge of this parameter is required to improve product shelf life and quality, reduce waste or enhance process efficiency. The traditional loss on drying methods are still the go-to methods due to their robustness and simplicity. However, their inherent lack of selectivity imposes restrictions. These are

In this work, the conductance versus sweep frequency for AT-cut quartz crystal resonators was measured for methyl myristate, methyl oleate, and methyl linoleate under high pressure. The response of resonators immersed in methyl myristate at each temperature (313 K, 333 K, and 353 K) was obtained at pressures up to 140 MPa. The obtained values were nearly similar for both the fundamental mode and third

In the present study, the systematic evaluation of thermal properties was performed for CeO2–Gd2O3 (Gd2O3 = 0–15 wt%) samples. Gd2O3 doping into CeO2 reduced the grain size of CeO2–Gd2O3 solid solution and caused the expansion of the lattice parameter. The thermal conductivity of CeO2–Gd2O3 solid solutions decreased with increasing Gd2O3 content and decreased with temperature up to nearly 900 K, though

The present work resumes thermal data processing with most common algorithms in literature and introduces in addition a different data processing strategy, proposed to improve subsurface defect detection on industrial composites. These materials are successfully controlled with infrared Non-Destructive Investigations, since defects are easily detected by temperature response under thermal pulses with

An in-house CFD code has been developed to address the coupling between natural convection and surface radiation in irregular geometries encountered in cooling electronic components. In the current numerical study, the discrete ordinate methods with the concept of blocked-off region are used in order to investigate the conjugate natural convection and surface radiation in an enclosure containing a

Single-pressure refractive index gas thermometry (SPRIGT) is a new type of primary thermometry, which needs an extremely stable working pressure (stability < 4 ppm). In practice, the pressure control system at room temperature is located above the cold resonator at 5 K to 25 K, and a long pressure tube is used to connect them, which entails a hydrostatic pressure correction (HPC). To this end, a three-dimensional

In this article inspired by the non-local theory of elasticity, a constitutive model for heat conduction in two-dimensional materials is proposed by taking into account the non-local effect of heat flux. Based on this model an analytical expression of the effective thermal conductivity of two-dimensional materials is derived. Theoretical results show that the effective thermal conductivity of two-dimensional

The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) is one of the energy loss factors in buildings, which affects a cooling load significantly. A variety of shading devices and high-performance windows have already been developed and applied to a large number of buildings to reduce a cooling load. However, performance evaluation on these shading devices and high-performance windows has depended on calculation via

The use of photothermal techniques has become of special importance due to their versatile application in the thermal characterization of materials. Therefore, the thermal lens technique in the mismatched dual-beam mode is an alternative, sensitive and non-evasive tool that was used in this research to determine the thermal diffusivity of Moringa oleifera. The dual arrangement of the thermal lens technique

Heat transfer coefficient (HTC) is a useful concept to characterize the heat exchange performance of rock fracture. However, existing study has preliminarily found that some HTC formulas would lead to abnormal values, which claims a systematical evaluation of existing formulas. In this paper, 214 test records are employed to evaluate 8 existing formulas from literature. It is found that, for all these

New experimental data for the thermal conductivity of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (R-1336mzz(Z)) are reported for vapor, liquid, and supercritical states. These data were obtained with transient hot-wire apparatus over the temperature range from 192 K to 498 K and at pressures from 0.05 MPa to 69 MPa. These data were used to develop a wide-range correlation for the thermal conductivity of the

The present contribution examines the accessibility of diffusivities across the two-phase region of an equimolar methane–propane mixture for dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments. Heterodyne DLS experiments and theoretical calculations of the Rayleigh ratio were performed at 125 different thermodynamic states including the gas, liquid, supercritical, and the two-phase region. The present measurements

A series of metal–carbon (M–C) eutectics with robust reproducible melting phase transitions are evolving as the reference high-temperature fixed-points up to 3000 °C for radiation thermometry. The mise-en-pratique prepared for the realization and dissemination of new kelvin allows the use of set of M-C blackbody fixed-points or a combination of M-C fixed-points along with silver (Ag), gold (Au) or

Present work reports thermal conductivity measurement in a commercial soda–lime–silica glass substrate by the transient 3\(\omega\) method using a unique, custom-built in-house setup. Most importantly, a micro-heater (MH) cum temperature sensor is fabricated for this purpose. At first the MH-patterned mask is developed by CO2 laser cutting technique on quartz glass. The MH (L-5 mm, W-65–70 μm, t-140 nm)

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has been widely used as a nondestructive and sensitive analytical technique used to determine the thermal diffusivity, effusivity and heat capacity of different materials. In this work, the open cell photoacoustic technique (OPC) technique was used for the kinematic study of heat transfer processes as a function of time for curing nanoresin composites. An exponential

Although in the case of fluids there are several reference correlations of low uncertainty for thermal conductivity, for solids there are very few and in a restricted temperature range. The available experimental data for the thermal conductivity of five widely used solids, BK7, PMMA, Pyrex 7740, Pyroceram 9606, and SS304, have been critically examined with the intention of establishing thermal conductivity

The extraction of silver by dodecylamine under neutral condition was studied. The extraction rates of silver at different temperatures and ionic strengths were calculated, and the optimum extraction factors were analyzed. The extraction rate decreases with increasing temperature, and the extraction rate can up to 98.79%. The physicochemical characters of the reaction such as the standard equilibrium

In the present paper, the governing equations for two-temperature generalized porothermoelasticity are formulated in accordance with Green and Naghdi theory of thermoelasticity without energy dissipation. Two-dimensional plane wave solution of these governing equations indicates the existence of one shear vertical and four coupled longitudinal waves in porothermoelastic medium. A problem on reflection

The purpose of this investigation is providing a method to study the effect of porosity in a porothermoelastic medium by the finite element technique. The formulations are applied under Green-Naghdi model without energy dissipations. One-dimensional application for a poroelastic half-space is considered. Due to the complex basic equations, the finite element method (FEM) has been adopted to solve this

This article presents a simple thermal characterization method, noted CFM, for the measurement of the apparent thermal conductivity of insulating materials at high temperature (i.e., up to 600 °C). The CFM method is a steady-state relative measurement method which requires a calibration. The calibration of the experimental apparatus was done with a calcium silicate board of known thermal conductivity

The search for excellent heat transfer fluids necessitates the development of novel nanofluids. The paper is the first report revealing the potential of sodium carbide (Na2C2) nanoparticle for heat transfer and thermal shielding applications. For this, Na2C2 is prepared from the porous carbon matrix of Aloe vera leaves by hydrothermal method. The morphological changes on hydrothermal treatment and

PVT properties and the thermal-pressure coefficient, \(\gamma_{\text{V}} = \left( {\partial P/\partial T} \right)_{\text{V}}\), of 2-propanol have been simultaneously measured in the near- and supercritical regions using high-temperature and high-pressure nearly constant-volume piezo-calorimeter. Measurements were made along 9 liquid and 3 vapor isochores between (234.3 and 697.69) kg·m−3 and at temperatures

α-Fe2O3 and ε-Fe2O3 thin-film hematite polymorphs, as well as Fe2O3 polymorphs’ thin films coated with TiO2 nanolayer, all deposited on Si substrate plates, were investigated by an open photoacoustic cell set-up within the 20 Hz–20 kHz modulation frequency range. Theoretical analysis of experimental results was based on a two-layer model which includes both substrate and thin-film parameters. For different

We solved the Dirac equation using modified factorization method with hyperbolic Pöschl–Teller potential model. Relativistic and non-relativistic ro-vibrational energy spectra were obtained and numerical solutions for four diatomic molecules \(\left( {{\text{HCl}},\;{\text{H}}_{2} ,\;{\text{CO}}\;{\text{and}}\;{\text{LiH}}} \right)\) obtained also. The eigenfunction for this potential has been obtained

In the context of a numerical study about mid-infrared receivers based on a metal–insulator–metal junction, we study how a top multilayer of graphene is capable to remove heat from the thin metal layer in which the laser impinges on. Due to its extremely high thermal conductivity, the graphene film (made of several layers) extracts the heat and injects it inside bulky lateral metal paddings of the

A difference was determined between temperature defined by International Temperature Scale (ITS-90) and thermodynamic temperature measured by relative acoustic gas thermometry at 79.0000 K and at 83.8058 K. Measurement were carried out using misaligned spherical acoustic resonator filled with helium at different pressures. The isotherms were fitted for four different acoustic modes simultaneously assuming

The annual output of crops in China is about 900 million tons. Improper handling of large amounts of straw waste increases the negative impact on the environment. Recently, many scholars have studied the rational use of crop straw, and found that straw was rich in plant fiber, which combined with some kinds of building materials could be used to produce new green composite building materials. The composite

In the present work, the method which allows investigating the spatial distribution of light extinction coefficient in colloidal media is experimentally realized. The proposed method is based on the dependence of temporal profiles of excited OA-signals on the absorption and extinction coefficients of the studied medium. Water-based and kerosene-based magnetic fluids with volume content of magnetite

Molten salts are being used as heat transfer fluids and thermal energy storage materials for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. It is imperative to choose the right Heat Transfer Fluids (HTF) and equally important to have accurate data on the properties of the same to help in the design of a new HTF. Determining the thermophysical properties of these HTFs accurately is a challenging task as it

We present an explicit, simple and yet accurate expression of the heat capacity of solids by approximating the Debye integral. This model can be used for temperatures greater than one-tenth of Debye temperature. The results of this approximate model are finally compared with experimental data of Cu, MgO and ZnO and show a very good agreement.

A refrigerant mixture of R1123 + R32 is expected to be an alternative working fluid for refrigeration systems, organic Rankine cycle and heat pumps due to its lower global warming potential and transport properties. The goals of this work are to measure the viscosity of the liquid and vapor phases of this mixture refrigerant. Consequently, the viscosity of mixture refrigerant was measured by the tandem

In this article, we propose a numerical analysis of the effect of the orthotropic tensor of thermal conductivity during microwave heating of a heterogeneous core–shell morphology. The core is made of a material with high thermal conductivity, whose dielectric loss coefficient guarantees high microwave energy to heat conversion. This type of morphology has a high potential for use in the ablation of

In order to improve the detection sensitivity and stability of scanning laser ultrasound techniques, we propose a transmission time delay method, based on the time delay of transmitted longitudinal waves, for the evaluation of the size and position of an internal cavity. By studying the interacting process between the longitudinal wave and the internal cavity through theory and finite element method