Abstract We describe the design of a hydroacoustic emitting station with an electromagnetic transducer that develops acoustic pressure of up to 2400 Pa (188 dB) reduced to a distance of 1 m from the emitter axis in a frequency range of 420–520 Hz (at the level of –3 dB); it has an operating depth of up to 500 m. The applied technical solutions make it possible to use the station for a wide range of

Abstract The design of a source of a seeded supersonic beam of alkali halide molecules or other vaporized solids is described. At a carrier gas (hydrogen or helium) stagnation pressure of 0.5–5 atm, a stagnation temperature of 1000 K, and a partial seed species pressure of 10–2 Torr, the intensity of the salt beam was 1014 sr–1 s–1 and the energy of molecules in the beam varied from 5.5 to 7.5 eV for

Abstract— A device was designed to measure the solubility of carbon dioxide in hydrocarbons at temperatures up to 473 K and pressures up to 25 MPa. It can be used to study the solubility of CO2 at state parameters that are supercritical for CO2 in the presence of a porous medium in the oil reservoir model and in the absence of it. The results of the experiments on measuring the solubility of carbon

The cosmic ray laboratory of the Polar Geophysical Institute has created a simple and compact telescope with a modular design that is designed to detect ionizing particles in the energy range from 1 MeV to 100 GeV. The telescope consists of two scintillator plates separated by a layer of lead that are located one above the other. The electronic circuit creates a channel for counting the upper detector

The hardware and software parts of the signal registration module for a dust-shock mass spectrometer are described. The module allows one to record the spectrum of an ion pulse with frequencies from 100 to 400 MHz; it uses two 14-bit analog-to-digital converters connected to a programmable logic integrated circuit. In this case, a temporary alternation of analog-to-digital converters is used. The test

A device is described and test data of a unit for rapid adjustment of the anode voltage of the gyrotron are presented. The unit allows a signal that is proportional to the control to change the voltage at the isolated anode of the gyrotron, which has a capacitance relative to the earth of 100–200 pF, in the range from 0.4 to 1.6 kV with a characteristic time of approximately 1 μs. This allows one to

A scheme for measuring the reflection spectrum with an accuracy of 10–3 for a wide spectral region is described. To demonstrate it, the reflection spectra of a GaAs substrate with an antireflection coating and a layer of InGaAsP/InP quantum wells on an InP substrate were obtained.

Abstract— A device has been developed to study the physicochemical processes of the formation of a structure that occurs during temperature-induced aggregate transitions of liquid and gel compositions during three-dimensional printing under conditions of significant temperature gradients. The device is based on a three-dimensional coordinate system with a heated pneumatic dispenser of viscous fluid

Abstract The results of experimental studies of a high-voltage multichannel generator for a voltage of up to 100 kV with a pulse duration of 100 ns and a front of 8 ns are presented. Options for optimizing the output parameters using a numerical simulation of the generator equivalent circuit are considered.

Abstract The use of electron absorption spectra of natural and drinking waters in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum region for the primary assessment of the quality of initial water samples is investigated. In some applications, the method can successfully quantify dissolved trace substances and chromophore groups in water samples. Direct spectrophotometry in the UV region of the untreated water samples

Abstract Orthogonally linearly polarized radio-beacon signals are emitted simultaneously from two spatially separated points in the horizontal plane to determine the bearing and roll angles. The resulting vector signals from the radio beacon are received by a receiving antenna on board an aircraft. The antenna irradiator is equipped with a polarizing modulator in the form of a ferrite rotator of the

Abstract— The gettering characteristics of Ti–Zr–Al getter pumps with internal and external heaters have been measured for Н2 and CO. The results are compared to the measured similar characteristics of an NEX‑Torr D 100-05 combined pump from SAES Getters and a titanium sublimation film at temperatures of 300 and 77 K.

Abstract The multibeam acousto-optical Bragg diffraction of laser radiation is considered. This is splitting of an initial beam into several independently controlled beams (channels) without substantial light-power losses. Practically significant relationships that determine the conditions for implementing the multibeam diffraction and its main parameters have been obtained. It is shown that the necessary

Abstract A facility for generating a supercontinuum in Al2O3 and CaF2 crystals using a femtosecond laser, which is based on a chromium–forsterite (Cr : F) crystal, is described. The supercontinuum spectra under pumping at four wavelengths of 310, 413, 620, and 1240 nm were determined. A continuous spectrum of a supercontinuum from 324 to 1000 nm was obtained in the visible region, thus making it possible

Abstract— The scanning two-dimensional ionization profile monitor (IPM) has been upgraded for the beam diagnostics in beam transport lines. The main parts of the monitor are an extractor, a scanner, and two analyzers with a slit at which residual-gas ionization products collected from a beam path as long as 50 mm arrive. The current amplifier based on microchannel plates and a current collector are

Abstract— The electric strength of ceramic insulators was tested at a dedicated high-voltage vacuum facility and the electric strength of a vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator with redesigned feedthrough insulators was studied. Based on the results of the investigations and the upgrade the voltage in the accelerator was increased from 1.00 to 1.15 MV; the operating mode was achieved without high-voltage

Abstract The results of the development of a mobile solid-state microwave spectroradiometer that operates in the 5-mm absorption band of molecular oxygen are presented. The spectroradiometer consists of a superheterodyne receiver with a low-noise input amplifier and an eight-channel spectrum analyzer. The noise temperature of the device is 1000–1300 K. A solid-state modulator–calibrator based on Schottky-barrier

Abstract— A receiving coil was developed for a specialized magnetic resonance imaging system based on a permanent magnet with a magnetic field induction of 0.4 T for imaging human joints. The mathematical simulation was performed for the spatial distribution of the magnetic field in the working area of the coil and its optimal configuration was determined. Taking the simulation into account, a prototype

Abstract— The characteristics of systems based on Cherenkov counters for monitoring the intensity of a bremsstrahlung photon beam at the S-25R Pakhra accelerator of the Lebedev Physical Institute are presented.

Abstract— A mobile VLBI station prototype based on the mechanical part of the TESLA satellite communications system antenna has been created at the Svetloe observatory of the IAA. The main solutions are presented for transforming the satellite communications system antenna into the antenna of the VLBI radio telescope, which permanently change its spatial orientation in accordance with the principles

Abstract The design of a high-quality mechanical oscillator made of a superconducting material, whose frequency is changed by an external magnetic field, has been proposed and tested.

A pumped vacuum apparatus is described that contains an electron gun with an adjustable high-voltage voltage source, interchangeable metal targets, and flanges to which the object under study is connected. The apparatus is especially designed to measure the spatial and temporal characteristics of high-speed image converter streak cameras that operate in the soft X-ray range. It can be used for research

Abstract The Neutron Detector facility for detecting the neutral component of cosmic rays has been developed by the Dolgoprudny Scientific Station of the Lebedev Physical Institute. The description and performance characteristics of the facility are presented. Each module of the facility is based on SNM-18 counters. Unlike standard neutron monitors, this facility is sensitive to thermal neutrons. The

This paper describes the results of the development and the main technical characteristics of an optical-photoelectronic complex, which is designed to simultaneously obtain images of rapid processes in reflected and transmitted light. It consists of two devices for high-speed registration of domestic production, a pulsed light source with a gas-discharge point emitter, and a translucent diffuse-scattering

Abstract This paper describes an air gap that switches one of the sections of capacitive storage, which consists of 234 K41I-7 capacitors (5 kV, 23.4 mF). The arrester is launched from a special plasma initiator. The design of the arrester used elements that allow a large electric charge to pass with the ability for subsequent rapid replacement. The response time delay of the arrester is ~20 μs with

Abstract An apparatus is described that allows studying various physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere of supercritical carbon dioxide at pressures of up to 25 MPa and temperatures of up to 100°C. The apparatus is based on a compact modular cylindrical high-pressure reactor with a diameter of 90 mm and a height of 100 mm with an internal volume of 14 cm3. It is equipped with eight optical

Abstract The possibility of using the effect of full energy release in a light scintillator when an electron beam passes through it to determine the energy characteristics of a low- and medium-energy beam (the “absorbed energy” method) is experimentally shown. Using scintillation detectors with thicknesses of 14.5, 20, 23.5, and 51.2 cm, the energy calibration of the quasi-monochromatic electron beam

Abstract A compact deuterium–deuterium neutron generator for prompt gamma neutron activation analysis was developed at Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry. A neutron yield of 3.6 × 108 s–1 was achieved during of the bombardment of a titanium drive-in target by a 6.8 mA deuteron beam at 115 keV. The deuteron beam was generated by a permanent magnet microwave ion source. An 85 h long run with

Abstract Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is used for the identification of elements in any material or substance. Samples of four different tea brands contained many elements, some are natural tea elements while some adulteration has been added. These four tea brands are local tea and three brands have been analyzed by LIBS. Some impurities have been identified in these samples. Plasma

This paper describes the design of a gas-discharge emitter, which is implemented by limiting the spread of the discharge in a narrow gap between two transparent equidistant surfaces, with air as the working gas with a peak brightness of 6.2 Msb, a luminous body of 18 cm2 (at a discharge energy of 75 J), and a halfwidth duration of ~2 μs. This scheme can be used to solve a wide class of problems, for

Abstract Methods for measuring the composition of a binary gas mixture using the dependence of the speed of sound in a gas on its molecular weight, in particular, using an acoustic resonator, are considered. The described atmospheric hydrogen sensor target station for the cyclotron of the S-70 accelerator, which allows the production of medical isotopes, as well as a sensor for the content of neon

Abstract The enhancement in local and globalized electron heating has been observed after upgrading of ion Bernstien waves (IBWs) heating system in HT-7 tokamak. The overall capability of injection power has been upgraded from 350 to 600 kW (15–30 MHz) for best and active control of pressure and current density profiles, and to discover the new phenomena of plasma heating for good energy and particle

Abstract A laboratory magnetic resonance imager for small objects that operates in a field of 7 mT is described. The hardware of the tomograph makes it possible to perform experiments on different nuclei and to use double irradiation methods. The high degree of absolute uniformity of the constant magnetic field allows the use of relatively weak gradients to obtain images. The tomograph can be used

Abstract— The time and energy resolutions of scintillation detectors based on gadolinium gallium garnet (Ce:GAGG) crystals produced via cooperation between the Kurchatov Institute, the Research Institute for Nuclear Problems of the Belarusian State University, and the Fomos Materials Co. (Moscow, Russia, http://newpiezo.com/company/) were measured in comparison with crystals produced by the C&A Corporation

Abstract In present work, two piezo actuated cantilever beams are connected to a glass tube setup. The glass tube arrangement consists of the vertical tubes inserted in the liquid solutions, connector tubes, a glass bulb, and a helical tube, and it acts as a pump and mixer. When the piezo actuators are energized by AC voltage, vertical tubes start pumping the solution. At whatever point the two different

Abstract The results of experimental investigations of the angular distributions during magnetron sputtering of Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, In, Sn, W, Pt, Au, and Bi targets in argon at a constant current are presented. The operating conditions during the experiments corresponded to the values typical of industrial sputtering equipment. The angular distribution of the material flow

Abstract The results of experimental studies of optimized shock-ionized dynistors (SIDs) when switching high-power current pulses with a nanosecond duration are presented. It is shown that the efficiency of the SID switching process can be increased by introducing uniformly distributed equal-sized diode sections, whose total area is significantly less than the total area of the semiconductor structure

Abstract Present work describes the electrochemical sensing and determination of phenolic compound (Phloroglucinol) using non-ionic surfactant Octyl phenol ethoxylate modified carbon nanotube paste electrode (OPEMCNTPE) in PBS (0.1 mol, pH 6.0) by Voltammetric method. The developed electrode was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies

Abstract— The possibilities of reconstructing discrete experimental data using direct inversion, i.e., deconvolution, are investigated. Methods for optimization, smoothing, compensation, and decomposition are proposed, with which it is possible to reconstruct data with minimal information losses in many cases of ill-conditioned problems and in the presence of data distortions. These methods are based

Abstract A method for determining the longitudinal electric field from the spectrum of soft X-ray radiation is used to measure the radial distribution of the longitudinal electric field. In the ohmic heating regime, statistically reliable spectra of soft X-ray radiation were measured at the L-2M stellarator. It was obtained that the longitudinal field is distributed approximately uniformly over the

A gas-discharge device based on a planar magnetron and a plasma ion source is considered. The longitudinal injection of an ion beam into the magnetron and sputtering of the cathode and central anode of the magnetron by the ion beam contributes to the ignition of an anomalous low-pressure (below 8 × 10–2 Pa) glow discharge in the magnetron. It has been found that the discharge ignition voltage decreases

New KIZ infrasound stations (ISs) have been produced by the Typhoon Research and Production Association (Obninsk, Russia) and operated offline over several years at several locations in Russia. All the IS components, i.e., the configuration, microbarometers, pipe arrays, the data acquisition system, the hardware box, and other parts have been developed on the basis of the experience gained in designing

Methods for determining the dependence of the lateral-scan coordinate on the A-scan number from tomographic images of test samples are investigated and techniques for compensating for horizontal distortions of tomographic images caused by uneven speed of the probing-beam displacement are proposed. An opal-glass Ronchi ruling and an inclined flat surface of the volume-scattering plate were used as test

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) temperature and pressure sensors have been rapidly developed. A surface acoustic wave sensor with a dual-port delay line structure was designed and optimized by COMSOL software. The temperature and pressure measurement accuracy of the sensor is studied. In the signal measurement system, the signal is processed by the mixing detection method and the phase detection method

A high-dynamic-range counting−analog detector system based on a secondary electron multiplier (SEM) is described. The current-to-voltage converter, which is common to both channels, includes a high-speed transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and an automatic bias-correction circuit. This circuit also rejects 1/ f noise of the TIA in the 0−2.3 Hz passband of the digital lowpass filter of a 24-bit analog-to-digital

The general architecture and characteristics of the readout electronic system for the vertex detector of the SVD-2 setup at the U-70 accelerator (Kurchatov Institute NRC−IHEP, Protvino) are presented. The SVD-2 setup is intended to study near-threshold charmed-particle production at energies of 50–70 GeV, as well as many-particle processes and collective behavior of particles. The key characteristics

Coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CEvNS) process, discovered in 2017, requires a detailed study, since it plays an important role in the formation of the Universe and can be used to improve the safety of nuclear energy and support international programs for the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons. In this paper, we discuss development of the liquid-argon scintillation detector technology

A two-dimensional thermal-neutron detector developed for a small-angle diffractometer by the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute is described. The detector, with a sensitive area of 600 × 600 mm2, is based on a multiwire proportional chamber. A gas mixture containing 3He is the neutron converter. A new technology for manufacturing electrodes has been developed and used to increase both the gas purity

The production of a deuteron beam in a vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator and the generation of fast neutrons from a lithium target have been investigated. The possibility of using a source of fast neutrons for radiation testing of materials and for fast-neutron therapy is discussed.

AbstractA detailed review of the literature on betavoltaic power sources is presented. The problems that exist within their manufacturing technology and the results of studies and development works that are currently in progress are examined, the structures and operation principles of betavoltaic power sources are summarized, and the main stages in designing them are described. The presented information

AbstractThe results of experimental studies of a compact high-voltage pulse generator are presented. The generator is based on two artificial double forming lines in a collapsed circuit, which are switched by gas spark gaps; it also contains a peaking gas spark gap, transmission lines filled with a liquid dielectric, and a load equivalent. The characteristics of this generator were studied in the charging-voltage

AbstractA model has been constructed for determining the effect of instrumental and calibration errors on the accuracy of a method for strain−temperature discrimination using polarization-Brillouin reflectometry based on measuring the Brillouin frequency shift in two polarization axes of an optical fiber. It is shown that the errors caused by the discrepancy of the calibration coefficients are negligible

AbstractA method of safe chemical etching of optical fibers for their subsequent application in sensor and laser technologies has been developed. A series of thinned fibers (tapers) with diameters of the thin part of 5.7 to 24.1 μm and lengths of 2.3 to 11.1 mm was prepared. Using a frequency reflectometer, the location of the resulting losses in small-diameter tapers is shown. There is a strong dependence

AbstractA study has been made of the accuracy of measuring the attenuation coefficient in a single-mode optical fiber using Rayleigh reflectometry. It has been theoretically established that the minimum achievable uncertainty of such measurements is determined only by the spectral properties of the probe radiation and decreases with an increase in the length of the measured fiber to the power of 1

The Baikal-GVD project aims to create a deep-water neutrino telescope on a cubic kilometer scale in Lake Baikal. The telescope is at the rollout stage; its effective volume for detecting showers from high-energy neutrinos of an astrophysical nature has reached 0.25 km3. A set of experimental data on the telescope has been acquired since 2015 in the constant exposure mode simultaneously with the build-up

AbstractRecent studies reported that PIG negative hydrogen ions extraction for neutron tube is superiority to positive hydrogen ions extraction. Present maturing products of neutron tube on market almost use PIG ion source and extract positive hydrogen ions. If negative hydrogen ions extraction can be applied on present products, the combination property will be greatly improved. In this study, a contrast

AbstractA device is described that allows one to measure the photosensitivity contrast over the area of n+–p(n)–p+ silicon structures without contacts. The structure is placed between the capacitor plates and is locally illuminated on one side by two intensity-modulated lasers. The laser wavelengths are 1064 and 808 nm. The radiations of the first and second lasers are absorbed in the volume of the

A method is described for determining the position of an acoustic source in composite materials using Fabry–Perot fiber-optic interferometers. The proposed method is based on the analysis of the time of arrival of acoustic signals to sensitive elements during mechanical action on a composite material. The relative times of arrival of signals to the sensitive elements, which depend on the location of

The temperature sensitivity of an all-fiber temperature sensor created using the melting effect is investigated. In order to study the dependence, a special model was developed and assembled to check the sensitivity of the sensors to temperature changes. During the experiments, the temperature dependences of the spectral shift for the sensor were obtained in the 30–90°С and 20–320°С temperature ranges

AbstractThe principle of operation and technical parameters of excilamps with a small-diameter output window from a series of portable narrow-band ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet radiation sources are described. An example of using a KrCl excilamp to excite photoluminescence of crystalline materials is given.