Six different double-layer metal supported core-shell catalysts were prepared for catalytic fast pyrolysis of enzymatic lignin via Py-GC/MS, in order to investigate the influence of metal types and loading positions on liquid products. The optimal liquid product distribution was obtained when loading Fe species on the microporous core and Mg on the mesoporous layer of core-shell catalysts, manifested

Thermal decomposition of cellulose was carried out in a tubular reactor under flowing argon gas at 573, 673 and 773 K. The loss of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen was observed, and enhanced with increase in temperature continuously. The persistent free radicals (PFRs) were not observed in the sample decomposed at the lowest temperature of 573 K, and observed in the samples decomposed at higher temperatures

Charcoal production is a handicraft of oldest tradition. Various types have been developed. One of the most popular in Europe was the circular kiln with vertically piled logs. Besides traditional techniques new developments arose during the last decades like drum kilns in Namibia. Infrared spectroscopy was applied to assess pyrolysis temperatures using an already existing prediction model. A comparison

The main objective of this work was to study BTX production for bituminous coal pyrolysis using co-modified HZSM-5 catalysts. A tube furnace reactor, and a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with a mass spectrometer analyzer (TG-MS) were used to perform the pyrolysis characteristics of Ningxia bituminous coal with and without a catalyst. The collected products were determined by using a gas chromatography-mass

Catalyst screening at micro-scale was performed for atmospheric hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of fast pyrolysis vapors from biomass (wheat straw). The performance of TiO2-supported Pt and MoO3 catalysts and ZrO2 and TiO2-supported WO3 catalysts was compared to industrial Mo- and NiMo based catalysts. In addition, the HDO activity of an industrial HZSM-5/γ-Al2O3 extrudate promoted by MoO3 was investigated

The present work studies the effects of the crystallinity level of cellulose on the primary reactions during the slow and fast pyrolysis conducted in a wire-mesh reactor at 40 °C/min and 6000 °C/min, respectively. The sugars present in the water-soluble intermediates were analysed in a chromatogram equipped with a Q-exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer. The products in the washed primary tars

A novel class of fused azaisocytosine-containing congeners, i.e. 3-(4-nitrophenyl)-8-(R-phenyl)-7,8-dihydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazin-4(6H)-ones, acting as anticancer antimetabolites, were subjected to the heating in order to evaluate their decomposition mechanism. The pyrolysis and oxidative decomposition course was studied with a use of simultaneous thermal analysis: thermogravimetry/differential

The in vitro antifungal activity of the liquid fraction obtained from cattle manure pyrolysis was determined. Bio-oils and aqueous phases produced at 400, 500, and 600 °C were tested against two phytopathogenic fungi by incorporating the oil and water phase materials into culture medium, at concentrations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mg mL−1. The antifungal potentials were determined using colony growth diameters

Condom evidence can be analysed using several analytical techniques, such as FTIR, MALDI-MS or DART-TOF-MS, but the only one that was used on real samples for transfer and persistence studies in the context of sexual assault or rape cases was Py-GC/MS. However, there has been no study to identify which specific pyrolysis parameters were the most suitable for the analysis of silicone-based lubricants

This study aims to investigate the intrinsic reactivity and structural evolution of chars that were originated from biomass, lignite and bituminous coal during steam gasification. A cornstalk, a lignite and a bituminous coal were selected to prepare chars by heating up to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min under inert atmosphere. The intrinsic reactivities of chars were then investigated using

Developing pyrolysis technology to produce bio-oil from lignocellulosic biomass is a promising pathway for diversifying energy supply and controlling carbon emissions. Improving bio-oil production is a key research topic due to low-quality and low cost feedstock, and high demand for products. Understanding the multiscale complexity in the conversion process including biomass structure and the interactive

Pyrolysis is a promising method for thermochemical conversion of forest biomass into liquid biofuels or platform/specialty chemicals. In this work, bark from silver birch (Betula pendula) was processed through slow pyrolysis with fractional condensation, and the obtained liquid fractions were analyzed by various bulk chemical analyses as well as high-resolution mass spectrometry. The process had three

Waste cotton is a textile material with high mechanical properties. Understanding the mechanical properties of waste cotton and their changes at an early pyrolysis stage is important for its thermochemical recovery. In this study, a universal testing machine equipped with a heating furnace was adopted to study the mechanical properties of a cotton towel in the temperature range of 25–250 °C under N2

Fast pyrolysis is traditionally defined as the rapid decomposition of organic material in the absence of oxygen to produce primarily a liquid product known as bio-oil. However, the introduction of small amounts of oxygen to the process holds prospects of internally generating the energy needed for pyrolysis. The present study investigates the partial oxidation of lignin-derived compounds during pyrolysis

Pyrolysis of glucose and glucose-based carbohydrates has been shown to produce a range of chemical species that can be used directly as fuels and chemicals or as feedstocks to further chemical transformations. It is known that process operating conditions such as temperature, heating rate, reactor configuration, moisture content, and pretreatment method can have a significant effect on the observed

The effect of torrefaction and hydrothermal carbonization has been studied on Azolla filiculoides, which is a potential aquatic biomass feedstock for renewable energy sources. Hydrochar and torrefied azolla samples were prepared at three temperatures (260, 280, 300 °C) with 15 min residence time. The thermal behavior and the volatile content of the raw and thermally treated biomass samples were determined

Annually in the USA, about 800,000 creosote-treated railroad ties (“ties”) may end up in landfills, presenting environmental concerns. Pyrolysis of ties to recover creosote and produce biochar may be an alternative to landfill disposal. In this study, ties were pyrolyzed under different conditions at 667 and 700 °C at two different facilities, and analyzed for residual creosote (as polyaromatic hydrocarbons

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of hydrolysis lignin was investigated in a drop-tube fixed bed reactor at different temperatures ranging between 400 – 800 ᵒC using zeolite X as a catalyst for the production of phenolic chemicals. The yield of low molecular weight monomeric phenolics increased considerably while increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 400 ᵒC to 450 ᵒC, but decreased with further increasing

Microplastics pollution is an acknowledged global issue, and new strategies are required to meet the increasing demand of standardized, fast and reliable measurements. Analytical pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) is a promising technique to obtain qualitative and quantitative data on microplastics mixtures through the selection of a set of characteristic pyrolysis

Pyrolysis of waste materials aiming to produce biochar has been considered as an effective strategy to add value and to recycle such materials. The properties of the produced biochars depends on pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type, for example. Some waste materials have been still poorly studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in physicochemical characteristics, mineral

Pyrolytic lignin (PL) is the collective name of the water-insoluble fraction of pyrolysis oils produced from the fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. As the name suggests, PL is composed by fragments derived from lignin, which is the largest natural source of aromatic carbon. Its valorization is of major importance for the realization of economically competitive biorefineries. Nonetheless, the

A powder characterization method was developed to screen the ability of a range of chemicals and absorbents to retain chlorine from chlorinated plastic pyrolysis. The behaviour of adsorbents such as Al2O3 and zeolites, and chemical removers based on NaHCO3, CaO and Na2CO3-ZnO were studied for the removal of HCl released during PVC pyrolysis. First, chlorine removers are mixed with PVC and tested in

Although pyrolytic analysis of polymers allows a quantitative determination, reports on pyrolysis-based quantifications are very scarce, most probably as the result of some critical aspects that need to be considered. This is valid especially for environmental analysis of microplastics that require a detection at low concentrations in complex matrices. Therefore, an off-line pyrolysis approach to quantify

A sedimented freshwater suspended organic matter fortified with particles of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was employed in an interlaboratory comparison of thermoanalytical methods for microplastics identification and quantification. Three laboratories performed pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), three others provided

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Py-GC-APCI-TOFMS) was applied for the reliable identification of polymer species in a complex mixture to establish this system as a platform for environmental microplastic analysis. The method was evaluated on a model sample of mixed microplastics comprised of five major

Catalytic pyrolysis of xylan-based hemicellulose over Pt-based bimetallic catalysts supported by activated carbon using Py-GC × GC/MS was carried out to improve the formation of furan compounds. Prior to the experiments, effects of pyrolysis temperature, catalytic temperature, reaction time and catalyst amount on furans production were examined thoroughly. Based on the optimal operation parameters

1-D combustion tube in-situ combustion (ISC) simulation experiment has been performed on a natural bitumen bearing core. Five ISC zones were distinguished on the basis of the temperature filed and oil saturation analysis of the experiment. A suite of six oil sand residues at different locations after ISC simulation (initial, oil bank, condensation, coking, combustion zone and burned zone, respectively)

An understanding of the catalytic effect of potassium on lignin pyrolysis is crucial for the industrialized application of biomass. In this paper, the catalytic effect of potassium additives (KCl, KOH and K2CO3) on lignin pyrolysis was studied using two Cβ-O type lignin related polymers with a carbonyl group (CO polymer) and a hydroxyl group (OH polymer), respectively, on Cα. With or without potassium

Shengli lignite (SL) was thermally treated at 150 °C-650 °C. SL and each residue (RTT) from thermal treatment (TT) was oxidized using aqueous hydrogen peroxide (AHPO)/acetic acid (AA) to afford a soluble portion (SP). SL and each RTT were characterized with a X-ray diffractometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and 11 typical benzenepolycarboxylic acids (BPCAsI) in the SPs were analyzed

With current low recycling rates and exponentially increasing production of plastics there is an increase in plastic material wastage, and thus new technologies are needed for waste refining. Presently in Europe, only about 10% of plastic waste is recycled, most of which is achieved through mechanical recycling. Chemical recycling methods like pyrolysis could significantly increase these recycling

Simultaneously achieving high-quality catalytic cracking of light tar, maintaining a large target product yield and improving the reductivity of iron ore, is major step towards enhancing the energy conversion efficiency of the coal chemical industry and ironmaking applications. To achieve the aforementioned goals, an experiment involving regulation under coal pyrolysis, with iron ore as a catalytic

An integrated process of coal pyrolysis with steam reforming of propane (CP-SRP) to improve tar yield was studied using Ni/Al2O3 as reforming catalyst. Comparing with coal pyrolysis under N2 atmosphere (CP-N2), the CP-SRP and the integrated coal pyrolysis with steam reforming of methane (CP-SRM) or methane with a few propane (CP-SRMP) show higher tar yield. Tar yield reaches its maximum at 600 °C in

The present work focuses on the sampling procedure and quantification of the PAH yield from the fast pyrolysis of waste softwood. In particular, fast pyrolysis experiments were conducted using a CDS Pyroprobe 5200 at temperatures between 500 °C and 1000 °C, at a heating rate of 600 °C/s for a sample size of 30 mg. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the determination of the PAH

The lack of adequate analytical methods for the quantification of plastic debris in soil challenges a better understanding of their occurrence and fate in the terrestrial environment. With this proof-of-principle study, we developed a simple and fast method for the selective quantification of the three most environmentally relevant polymers polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS)

NiO and CaO catalysts with different weight percentages were used as catalysts in pyrolysis to investigate the feasibility of producing biofuels from Bambusa balcooa. Non-catalytic bio-oil was dominated by aromatic (23.74 %), acids (18.07 %), and alcohols (20.02 %) while optimized catalysts NiO and CaO increased the rate of ketonization in pyrolysis of Bambusa balcooa and decreased the mass yield of