The aim of this work is to exploit the pyrolysis characteristics of microalgae Botryococcus braunii (BB) with a medium pore framework zeolite (MCM-22) and its delaminated counterpart with a higher external surface area zeolite (ITQ-2) using pyrolysis-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and a fixed-bed reactor. The study evaluates the effect of synthesized zeolites that possess different

Analytical pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) can provide both qualitative and quantitative data on polymer mixtures, but no standardized protocols are available yet for the application of this technique in the field of environmental microplastics analysis. In this paper, we describe the preparation of a mixture of eleven common polymers, that could be used as

Catalytic hydropyrolysis (HP) of crop straw and used engine oil (UEO) alone and co-HP of crop straw and UEO were conducted. Crop straws with higher cellulose contents and cellulose-to-hemicellulose mass ratios produced higher oil yield in the HP process. Positive synergistic effect between crop straw and UEO was observed for improving the pyrolysis oil yield and reducing coke formation and N and S

The thermal behaviours of pure pyrite, pyrite in coal and in situ formed Fe–S compounds under reductive atmospheres were studied over a wide temperature range (room temperature to 1050 °C), using a thermogravimetric analyser (TGA), temperature-programmed reduction coupled with online mass spectrometry (TPR–MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive

Two-step pyrolysis (TSP) combined with catalyst was proposed to explore a new effective method of biomass utilization. The pyrolysis behavior and TSP characteristic of rice husk (RH) and RH impregnated with zinc acetate (ZnRH) were investigated by TG (thermogravimetric analyzer) and Py-GC/MS (pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry). The effects of zinc acetate on the pyrolysis kinetics and

The pyrolysis of biowaste has become an appealing approach for energy conversion, and a popular research topic for the biomass and bioenergy communities. In this research, the co-pyrolysis of food waste (FW) and herbal medicine byproduct (HMB) (i.e., the byproduct generated from the decoction processing of herbal medicines) was studied as a strategy to valorize and dispose of the biowaste. The effects

This article presents experimental results on the pyrolysis of different mixtures of polymer waste. ABS copolymer, PET, PP, tire waste styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and pure non-vulcanised SBR were used in the experiments under different catalyst conditions: (i) without a catalyst, (ii) with an unmodified ZSM-5 catalyst, (iii) with a ZSM-5 catalyst possessing ammonium groups, and (iv) with a ZSM-5

Thermal decomposition studies on a chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulant was performed using a custom built pyrolyzer. The goals of this study were to design, build and evaluate a simple pyrolyzer to meet the safety and security requirements necessary to obtain consistent CWA and CWA simulant pyrolysis data from multiple laboratories around the world. A custom made tubular flow reactor was built, the

The integration of new CO2 capture and storage technologies in energy generation processes has led to the development and research in oxy-fuel combustion. In this technology, the carbon footprint is reduced if the fuel comes from a renewable source such as bio-oil (pyrolysis oil derived from biomass). This is a subject of growing interest. In this manuscript, we show bio-oil characterization using

A 2D Euler-Euler multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model in conjunction with the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF) was applied to describe the biomass pyrolysis in a spouted bed reactor. The primary interest in this work was the development of a CFD hydrodynamic model of the reactor coupled with a pyrolysis kinetic model for the prediction of biomass pyrolysis product yields (gas,

This study aims to further understand the effect of carbon structure on the physiochemical status of metals and thus its activity during volatile-char interactions. The chars with distinctly different carbon substrates prepared from the pyrolysis of pine sawdust at 400 and 1000 °C were impregnated by different Fe contents, which were used as catalysts for benzyl phenyl ether (BPE, a typical lignin

A detailed gas-phase kinetic model consisting of 37 species and 318 reactions is developed for methane pyrolysis involved in the chemical vapour deposition/infiltration (CVD/CVI) processes. The model was used to perform the simulations of CH4 pyrolysis in a hot-wall CVD reactor over a wide range of operating conditions and validated against the experimental data. The overall trend of the concentration

Phosphorus (P)–engineered biochars (BCP) were prepared via co-pyrolysis of poplar sawdust and monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) (10 %, w/w) at 300 ℃, 500 ℃ and 700 ℃ to evaluate their potential lead [Pb(II)] adsorption. Effects of pH, contact time, and initial Pb(II) concentration on the Pb(II) adsorption capacity of the biochars were investigated. The physico-chemical, morphological, porous structure

Alkanolysis has become an effective approach for lignite extraction due to high organic oxygen content in lignite. To better understand the effect of isopropanolysis on the chemical structure and thermal degradation process of lignite, Wucaiwan lignite (WL) and isopropanolyed residue (RI) were systematically analyzed using four multiple direct tools, including Fourier transform infrared spectrometer

Rice husk (RH) is one of the most available biomasses in southern Brazil. One possible solution is to carry out the fast pyrolysis of RH. To improve the quality of liquid products biomass can be torrefied before being pyrolyzed. The influence of torrefaction on the physical and chemical properties of pyrolysis products was explored. Both torrefaction and pyrolysis reactions were performed in a fluidized

The pyrolysis experiments of n-heptane in the CO2/H2O atmosphere were carried out in a millimeter-sized tube reactor. Mass yields and molar concentrations of gaseous products, including C2H4, C3H6, H2, CO, CH4, and C2H6, were obtained at a temperature range of 1073−1373 K, and atmospheric pressure. The pyrolysis characteristics of n-heptane under different reaction atmospheres and residence times were

Catalytic co-liquefaction of high-density polyethylene and sugarcane bagasse over metal salt and oxide catalysts in ethanol solvent was investigated. The obtained bio-oil samples were analyzed and characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultimate analysis (CHNS/O), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and different solid products characterized

Understanding the thermal pyrolysis of epoxies and their copolymers is important for identifying structural changes resultant from thermal transients, enabling identification of failure modes of high-performance composite materials. This work expands our understanding of the thermal pyrolysis of cured epoxies and the role of temperature and composition on products, pathways, and relative rates. Numerous

Powdered activated coke (PAC) used for SO2 adsorption can be prepared using pulverized coal through a one-step method under a high-temperature flue gas atmosphere, and the PAC performance is significantly affected by the coal type. In this study, five coals with different ranks were used to prepare the PACs through this method in a drop-tube reactor. The pore structures, bulk densities, surface morphologies

Iron-nitrogen moieties encapsulated in the N-doped graphitic and hierarchical biochars are derived from the hydrothermal pyrolysis and microwave NH3 activation of cellulose and lignin. The physicochemical properties of these biochars are identified by using various analytical instruments and their application as electrocatalysts in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is also evaluated in alkaline solution

The antioxidant activity and the structure-activity relationship of aqueous phase bio-oil (APBO), obtained from hydrothermal treatment (HTT) combined with pyrolysis of biomass, have been investigated in this study. HTT increased the relative content of phenolic compounds and reduced the relative content of acids. Phenolic compounds possessed as the dominant chemical components in APBO, representing

Positive-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR MS) and gas chromatography-nitrogen chemiluminescence detection (GC-NCD) was used to study the effect of pyrolysis temperature (400℃, 430℃, 460℃, 490℃, and 520℃) on basic nitrogen compounds in Huadian shale oil. Because of the effect of secondary cracking, the relative contents of aliphatic

One of the major limiting factors in fire modelling involving solid pyrolysis of polymer materials is the fundamental understanding of thermal degradation process from solid fuel to gas volatiles. This also brings along other challenges such as the characterisation of the parent combustion fuel in the gas-phase chemical reaction process. To bridge the knowledge gap, this article proposes a methodology

Pyrolysis is one of the most commonly used methods for deriving renewable energy from biomass and is the first step of many thermal processes. A simulation model was developed in SuperPro Designer (SPD) to simulate the pyrolysis of biomass and its individual lignocellulosic components. The model was used to study the pyrolytic behaviours of biomass, predict product yield and to investigate the economic

The bio-oil properties and yields during pyrolysis at 400, 500 and 600 °C of the residues from the cultivation of the pepper in greenhouse (Capsicum annuum L.) were studied. Different solid samples were investigated: the biomass fraction of the residue, the water-washed biomass sample, the cobalt-loaded biomass sample and three mixtures made with the biomass and plastic fractions of the residue. Results

The present study proposes biomass torrefaction combined with catalytic pyrolysis to simplify the liquid products and selectively generate aromatic hydrocarbons. Cedarwood was selected as the representative biomass sample. The torrefaction of cedarwood at 250ºC and 300°C (TB250 and TB300) was carried out to determine the solid product yield and its composition. It was shown that TB250 yielded the highest

Microplastic particles are currently detected in almost all environmental compartments. The results of detection vary widely, as a multitude of very different methods are used with very different requirements for analytical validity. In this work four thermoanalytical methods are compared and their advantages and limitations are discussed. One of them is thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography

Mini-briquettes of three types were studied with respect to their influence on the changes in volume of the carbonized charge of an oxidized coal. The briquettes were prepared from the same coal with additives in the amount of 2 wt%. The loading of briquettes with coal pitch, novolac, and lignite into the charge reduced the increase in charge volume at the stage of grain swelling quadruple, thrice

The pyrolytic sugar fraction, obtained by an aqueous extraction of pyrolysis oil, is an attractive source for sugar-derived platform chemicals. However, solids (humin) formation occurs to a significant extent during hydrolysis and subsequent acid-catalyzed conversion processes. In this study, we report investigations on possible conversion routes (pyrolysis, liquefaction) of such humin byproducts to

To investigate the effects of components on the two-step pyrolysis (TSP) of lignocellulosic biomass, the comparative study on TSP of walnut shell (WS), cotton stalk (CS), corncob (CC) and their acid washed samples (AWS, ACS, ACC) was conducted by TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS. TG-FTIR analysis showed that the higher lignin content of WS lead to the lowest weight loss. CS and CC had higher content of holocellulose

Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) are biotoxins produced by cyanobacteria species that, due to climate change and water eutrophication, proliferate together with an increase of the associated cyanotoxins. Both toxins are usually found in the aquatic environment and filter feeding organisms such as mussels are particularly exposed which may be the cause of metabolic alterations. In

Co-upgrading of biomass and polyethylene -derived volatiles was conducted over HZSM-5 and its metal-modified versions, and NTP was introduced to enhance the conversion. The effects of metal species on the active radicals, organic yields, properties and compositions were explored. The Ru and Ti species, especially the low-valence titanium-oxides, increased atomic radicals, relieved the bottleneck of

As one of the major products from cellulose pyrolysis, levoglucosan (LG) is highly oxygenated and stubborn, causing serious problems to bio-oil utilization. In this study, catalytic ketonization of LG over nano-CeO2 was performed in a pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (PY-GC/MS) system to prepare hydrocarbon precursors (principally ketones). Nano-CeO2 has been proven effective to convert

Hydrochars of cotton stalk (CS) at the hydrothermal temperature of 180−280 °C and the retention time of 0−120 min were used for the purpose of developing fuel pellets. Subsequently, the physical properties and combustion characteristics of the hydrochar pellets were evaluated to assess the solid biofuel production potential. Then, the hydrochar samples were analyzed by FTIR, TGA, XRD, and SEM, aiming

The catalytic pyrolysis characteristics of palm shell were investigated using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) and pyrolysis photoionization mass spectrometry (py-PIMS) methods. Temperature-programmed results and time-evolved profiles of major products, such as alkenes, aromatics, furans, and phenols were measured. Temperature and catalysts can effectively influence the pyrolysis

For high-quality utilization of biomass resources, co-production of bio-oil and MgO-impregnated biochar from catalytic pyrolysis of Mg-loaded biomass samples is a prospective approach. In this study, the effects of MgCl2 and Mg(NO3)2 loading on catalytic pyrolysis of sawdust for production of high value-added bio-oil and biochar, as well as the catalytic pyrolysis process mechanism were explored. The