1-D combustion tube in-situ combustion (ISC) simulation experiment has been performed on a natural bitumen bearing core. Five ISC zones were distinguished on the basis of the temperature filed and oil saturation analysis of the experiment. A suite of six oil sand residues at different locations after ISC simulation (initial, oil bank, condensation, coking, combustion zone and burned zone, respectively)

An understanding of the catalytic effect of potassium on lignin pyrolysis is crucial for the industrialized application of biomass. In this paper, the catalytic effect of potassium additives (KCl, KOH and K2CO3) on lignin pyrolysis was studied using two Cβ-O type lignin related polymers with a carbonyl group (CO polymer) and a hydroxyl group (OH polymer), respectively, on Cα. With or without potassium

Shengli lignite (SL) was thermally treated at 150 °C-650 °C. SL and each residue (RTT) from thermal treatment (TT) was oxidized using aqueous hydrogen peroxide (AHPO)/acetic acid (AA) to afford a soluble portion (SP). SL and each RTT were characterized with a X-ray diffractometer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and 11 typical benzenepolycarboxylic acids (BPCAsI) in the SPs were analyzed

With increased production of plastics comes increased plastic material wastage, and thus new technologies are needed for waste refining. Presently in Europe, only about 10% of plastic waste is recycled mechanically. Chemical recycling like pyrolysis could significantly increase recycling rate as it can utilize wider range of waste plastics than traditional, mechanical recycling. It can also be used

Simultaneously achieving high-quality catalytic cracking of light tar, maintaining a large target product yield and improving the reductivity of iron ore, is major step towards enhancing the energy conversion efficiency of the coal chemical industry and ironmaking applications. To achieve the aforementioned goals, an experiment involving regulation under coal pyrolysis, with iron ore as a catalytic

An integrated process of coal pyrolysis with steam reforming of propane (CP-SRP) to improve tar yield was studied using Ni/Al2O3 as reforming catalyst. Comparing with coal pyrolysis under N2 atmosphere (CP-N2), the CP-SRP and the integrated coal pyrolysis with steam reforming of methane (CP-SRM) or methane with a few propane (CP-SRMP) show higher tar yield. Tar yield reaches its maximum at 600 °C in

The present work focuses on the sampling procedure and quantification of the PAH yield from the fast pyrolysis of waste softwood. In particular, fast pyrolysis experiments were conducted using a CDS Pyroprobe 5200 at temperatures between 500 °C and 1000 °C, at a heating rate of 600 °C/s for a sample size of 30 mg. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the determination of the PAH

The lack of adequate analytical methods for the quantification of plastic debris in soil challenges a better understanding of their occurrence and fate in the terrestrial environment. With this proof-of-principle study, we developed a simple and fast method for the selective quantification of the three most environmentally relevant polymers polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS)

NiO and CaO catalysts with different weight percentages were used as catalysts in pyrolysis to investigate the feasibility of producing biofuels from Bambusa balcooa. Non-catalytic bio-oil was dominated by aromatic (23.74%), acids (18.07%), and alcohols (20.02%) while optimized catalysts NiO and CaO increased the rate of ketonization in pyrolysis of Bambusa balcooa and decreased the mass yield of acids

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of carbohydrate (lactose), protein (lysine), and lipid (palmitic acid) surrogates was carried out in batch reactors for 20 min in a temperature range of 250–350 °C in order to understand interactions in hydrothermal reactions. A binary mixture of lysine and lactose leads to a higher bio-oil yield when compared to experiments made with isolated compounds, indicating a

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature and reaction time on the primary pyrolysis of cellulose and xylan. Fast pyrolysis of cellulose and xylan was carried out with a micropyrolyser connected to a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer/flame ionisation detector (GC-MS/FID) to separate and identify volatile components, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This set-up meant

Bio-energy is a major component of the global renewable energy market due to the low requirement for energy infrastructure modification and the high bio-energy productivity. Bio-ethanol production from sugar-rich biomass, biodiesel production from lipid-rich biomass, and biogas production from volatile-matter-dense feedstock have been commercialized. A substantial fraction of biomass waste, however

Thermogravimetry coupled with electron impact mass spectrometry (TG-EI MS) was used to investigate the evolutions of gases and small molecular weight oxygenates during the pyrolysis of a raw lignite and a potassium (K)-impregnated lignite. By clarifying the effects of ionization on the fragmentations of various compounds, it was found that a low ionizing energy of 20 eV was better for detecting oxygenates

Chemical solution deposition methods such as low-fluorine metal organic decomposition, are nowadays widely employed in the production of YBa2Cu3O7-x superconducting films. The investigation of the chemical reactions that convert the organic precursors into the pyrolysis product is essential for the optimization of the pyrolysis step, and, ultimately, for the comprehension of the growth process. In

In the present study, a two-stage catalytic hydropyrolysis of lignin was investigated by converting lignin extracted from corn stover, loblolly pine and red oak using HZSM-5, MoO3/ZSM-5 and Ni/ZSM-5 as catalysts. Compared to the catalytic pyrolysis with inert gas, the presence of atmospheric-pressure hydrogen significantly enhanced the formation of hydrocarbon from lignin whereas dramatically reducing

Production cost can be reduced in preparation of powdered activated coke (PAC) by achieving higher SO2 adsorption capacity and lower burn-off. In this study, for the rapid preparation of PAC from pulverized coal, response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to develop the second order quadratic models of SO2 adsorption capacity and burn-off. Analysis of variance

De-inking sludge (DIS) is generated as a waste stream from secondary fibre paper mills during the de-inking stage of the paper pulping process; in order to ensure end of waste to landfill an alternative valorisation route is required for this waste. At the same time, an inexpensive sacrificial catalyst is essential to achieve the techno-economic feasibility of biomass gasification and pyrolysis. The

Investigation on the biomass components pyrolysis behaviors in a lab-scale reactor is a necessary step before its industrialization due to the poor transportability of the findings obtained from the micro-scale pyrolyzer which often neglects the heat and mass transfer effect. In present study, the pyrolysis behavior of xylan-based hemicellulose in a fixed bed reactor was investigated. The residue evolution

This study pursues the valorization of waste tires by pyrolysis using a different approach for tire parts, specifically, the tire tread rubber and side wall rubber. Tire tread rubber was used to produce hot char with the purpose of using it as cracking catalyst. Side wall rubber was valorized by pyrolysis and online catalytic pyrolysis over tire tread rubber derived hot char in two fixed bed reactor

In this paper we examined the effect of moisture on the solvent liquefaction of loblolly pine, cellulose, and lignin in tetralin at 280 °C and pressures ranging from 15 to 70 bar. Solvent liquefaction experiments were conducted in a quasi-batch reactor capable of continuous pressure control and external vapor condensation. Moisture was varied by the controlled addition of de-ionized water. Control

Poplar-derived lignin-rich feedstock (i.e. stillage) obtained from bioethanol production was subjected to fast pyrolysis in a modified fluidised bed reactor at 430 °C, 480 °C, and 530 °C. The stillage was pretreated by enzymatic digestion prior to fast pyrolysis. Pyrolysis vapors were collected by fractional condensation to separate the heavy organic and aqueous phase liquids. The intention of this

Catalytic cracking recovery of polyolefins is a research hotspot at present. The addition of catalyst also increases the operation cost. So, the product selectivity and stability of catalysts are very important. In this paper, the synthesis and properties of ordered mesoporous Fe-SBA-15and their applications in PP catalytic cracking have been studied. The ordered mesoporous Fe-SBA-15 has been successfully

The pyrolysis behaviors of seven kinds of polyurethane elastomers (PUEs) with different ratios between the hard segment (HS) and soft segment (SS) were investigated for both fast pyrolysis (300, 350, 450, 850 °C) and slow pyrolysis at the heating rate of 10 °C min–1 by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), and evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry

The liquefaction of corn cobs and switchgrass was studied using 1-(3-propylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-(4-butylsulfonic)-3-methylimidazolium chloride Brønsted acidic ionic liquids as catalysts in acetone at 120 °C for 5 h. The highest biomass conversions to liquefied bio-oil for corn cobs and switchgrass are 63.4 ± 0.9 and 56.4 ± 0.9 % (w/w) respectively. The liquefied products were

Pyrolytic products have been historically used as a therapeutic treatment for psoriasis, a dermatological inflammatory disease. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in their pharmacological activity. The main goals of this work were to characterize pyrolytic fractions derived from Amphipterygium adstringens bark, a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine, and to study the effects

The pyrolytic behaviour of two oligosaccharides – cellobiose and cellohexose – was studied using reactive pyrolysis-GC/MS with in situ hexamethyldisilazane derivatisation. Pyrolysis was conducted in a sealed vessel at various times ranging from 0.2 to 60 min. Semi-quantitative calculations were carried out on integrated peak areas to obtain information on derivatisation efficiency and composition of

O2/H2O oxy-fuel combustion, as one of the most promising combustion technologies for CO2 reduction, has become a hot spot around the world. In oxyfuel combustion, H2O gasification has an important effect on the overall reaction process. This paper used Chinese Shenhua coal as raw material to decouple the effect of H2O on the whole process of raw coal-H2O gasification reaction. At 800 °C in 15 vol.%

In this paper, pyrolysis behaviors of oxygen-containing structures of Xilinhaote (XLHT) lignite in hydrogen donor solvent (HDS) were investigated to reveal the effect of HDS on the pyrolysis sequence characteristics of XLHT and the difference of the pyrolysis behaviors of oxygen-containing structures in the presence or absence of HDS. Results showed that coal conversion was closely associated to the

Co-pyrolysis behaviors of MLS with Hami sub-bituminous coal (HM) were examined by a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with a mass spectrometer and the kinetic characteristics were interpreted with simplified distributed activation energy model, aiming at understanding the co-pyrolysis characteristics and interactions between MLS and coal, and providing some useful guidance for the efficient utilize

This paper reports the enhanced production of hydrogen gas and polyaromatics during lignite pyrolysis using a pressurized entrained-flow reactor. The pyrolysis temperature and pressure ranged between 600-900 °C and 0.1-4.0 MPa, respectively. Both pyrolysis temperature and pressure were found to greatly influence the yield and composition of pyrolysis products. The results showed that the yield of H2

Thermochemolysis-GC-MS was used to characterize Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a predatory actinobacteria isolated from Moroccan marine water through their membrane fatty acids released as methyl esters (FAMEs). FAMEs from MRSA were dominated by branched iso and anteiso C15, straight C18 and C20 whereas the predatory actinobacteria was dominated by branched C14, iso and anteiso

Temperature rise characteristics of subbituminous coal impregnated with KOH in a wide range of KOH/coal ratio (w/w, 0.25∼2) under microwave (MW) heating were investigated and the catalytic performance in methane decomposition (CMD) over the resultant activated carbon (AC) was measured. The results showed that with the increase of KOH content, the temperature rise ability of the coal-KOH adduct under

Co-pyrolysis characteristics of cornstalk with two types of coal (lignite, bituminous coal) were investigated using thermogravimetry coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). Pyrolysis thermal behaviors of biomass and coal samples and their blends in different blending ratios were revealed by TG and DTG profiles, and an online monitoring of gas products evolved was realized by

In this work, a new potential route to convert free fatty acids to long chain nitriles and fuel gas (H2/hydrocarbon) intermediated by Fe nitrate is proposed. Precursors based on Fe3+/RCOO-/NO3- were prepared by mixing Fe nitrate and oleic acid at the molar ratios 1:1 and 1:3. After pyrolytic decomposition at 550 °C, these precursors yielded three fractions, i.e. solid (8-27 wt%), liquid (22-51 wt%)

In this study, experiments were conducted to systematically determine how the surface morphology, microcrystalline and thermal transformation characteristics of coal change during acid treatment. HCl-HF acid washing was applied to pretreat the raw coal. The effects of the demineralization treatment on the carbonaceous structure and functional groups were first tested using X-ray diffraction (XRD),