Hydrochars of cotton stalk (CS) at the hydrothermal temperature of 180−280 °C and the retention time of 0−120 min were used for the purpose of developing fuel pellets. Subsequently, the physical properties and combustion characteristics of the hydrochar pellets were evaluated to assess the solid biofuel production potential. Then, the hydrochar samples were analyzed by FTIR, TGA, XRD, and SEM, aiming

The hydrothermal conversion of industrial Spirulina sp. residues at 260 °C under autogenous pressure is investigated. This second part of the study, focuses on the influence of the residence time on the final reaction products. The hydrophobic phase obtained after 60 min at 260 °C has a rheological behaviour similar to that of an elastomeric bio-binder. Removal of solid residues from the hydrophobic

The physicochemical and energetic properties of 4-(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)-2,6,8,10,12-pentanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (1) are investigated. The energetic cage compound exhibits detonation properties comparable to those of HMX, and its impact sensitivity is higher than that of ε-CL-20. It shows a significantly higher thermal stability with a decomposition temperature of 227.6 °C than those

Pyrolysis of buckwheat straw with or without catalysts was investigated using the TGA-FTIR method to determine the influence of zinc-containing nanopowders (ZnO, 1.5 % Er2O3/ZnO, 2 % Ag/ZnO, ZnWO4, ZnAl2O4, and Mn-Zn ferrite) on the distribution of pyrolysis products. The presence of ZnWO4, ZnAl2O4, and Mn-Zn ferrite exhibited the highest bio-oil yields, whereas the highest non-condensable gas yield

The changes in chemical structures over the plastic layer region during the coking of coals have a significant impact on coke formation and coke quality. This paper employed the Solid-state 13Carbon Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR), and the Synchrotron attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) microspectroscopy (Synchrotron IR) to study the transformation of the chemical

Severe wildfires combust most above ground vegetation and detritus layers, altering the content and chemical composition of soil organic matter (SOM). To evaluate the lasting effects of wildfire on SOM and the recovery of burned soils, we sampled surface (Oa horizon) and mineral soils (0−5 and 5−15 cm depths) in unburned areas and areas burned at moderate and high severity 14 years after the 2002 Hayman

The catalytic pyrolysis characteristics of palm shell were investigated using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) and pyrolysis photoionization mass spectrometry (py-PIMS) methods. Temperature-programmed results and time-evolved profiles of major products, such as alkenes, aromatics, furans, and phenols were measured. Temperature and catalysts can effectively influence the pyrolysis

The hydrothermal conversion process of industrial Spirulina sp. residues into bitumen analogue is studied with an instrumented reactor heated at 260 °C under autogenous pressure. During hydrothermal conversion experiments, an exothermic reaction starts during the heating ramp above 200 °C and perturbs the thermal regulation of the process. The end of the reaction is detected from recorded pressure

In this paper, to investigate the catalytic pyrolysis behavior of coal (XJ) volatiles over two hematite (HA and HB), a double-layered fixed-bed reaction apparatus, which was easy to separate coal and catalysts was employed to measure the pyrolysis tar yield, and the composition of pyrolysis tar and gas was investigated by GC-MS and GC. The results indicated that both hematite A and hematite B reduced

Biomass feedstock plays an important role in the formation of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in biochars; however, no investigations have been done on the effects of different plant habitats on the formation of EPFRs, especially for algae. Therefore, Laminaria japonica, a large-scale artificially planted marine economic macroalgae, was collected from six different coastal mariculture

One of the major limiting factors in fire modelling involving solid pyrolysis of polymer materials is the fundamental understanding of thermal degradation process from solid fuel to gas volatiles. This also brings along other challenges such as the characterisation of the parent combustion fuel in the gas-phase chemical reaction process. To bridge the knowledge gap, this article proposes a methodology

Degradation of the polyamide (Nylon) was reported and analyzed via thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) for the determination of degradation temperature range and reported to be in between 420−520 °C. For batch pyrolysis experiments, 100 g sample was pyrolyzed in a temperature range between 475−650 °C with an initial increment of 25 °C up to 550 °C and later with an increment of 50 °C upto 650 °C to recover

This study focused on the effect of temperature and residence time on the primary thermal decomposition reactions during a fast pyrolysis of softwood alkali lignin. The use of Py-GC/MS/FID (Micropyrolyser-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry/Flame Ionization Detector) allowed for rapid heating of the sample and detailed identification and quantification of the pyrolysis products at a temperature range

A novel method based on on-line pyrolytic methylation-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was established and applied into rapid determination of γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in human hair. With the pyrolytic methylation by tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), GHB was converted into its corresponding methyl ester in the pyrolyzer at 500 °C. Thus, GHB in hair samples could be well determined by GC/MS

Production of alkanes from bio-oil is usually conducted under a rigorous condition with high hydrogen consumption. In this study, a novel method for long-chain alkanes production via catalytic upgrading of cellulose pyrolysis vapors over Au/TS-1 catalyst under a mild condition without hydrogen and normal pressure was reported. Catalytic upgrading of cellulose was performed on a dual pyrolyzer (Py)

Identification of Asian lacquers in museum objects is a challenging task. Their identification by mass spectrometry is based on molecular marker recognition, and analysis of chromatographic profiles of several types of molecules. A summary of published markers and chromatographic profiles ‒ obtained with and without thermally assisted reactions (silylation and methylation) ‒ is included in this paper

People in north-east Brazil mostly rely on fuelwood and charcoal for domestic energy consumption. Traditionally, four local wood taxa (Mimosa tenuiflora, Mimosa ophthalmocentra, Croton sonderianus and Cenostigma pyramidale) from the caatinga have been selected for this purpose. As the final quality of charcoal is directly related to the charring conditions, as well as the chemical composition of the

This paper concerns the effect of unsaturation of hydrocarbons (single, double, and triple bonds) on soot particle characteristics (mass, number, and size) and on the carcinogenicity of soot particles. The soot particles were produced from oxygen-free pyrolysis of five hydrocarbons, namely: propane, propylene, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene. The characteristics of soot particles were measured with

The synthesis of biochar-metal oxide composites for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions or remediating polluted soils has attracted increased attention. Amongst them, Fe oxide composites stand out due to possible magnetic properties and low price. Two types of Fe oxide-biochar composites were prepared by impregnation with ferric sulfate salts of biomass waste or corresponding hydrochar, followed

Pyrolysis of biomass is an effective approach to produce high-value added solid, liquid and gaseous products. Wood vinegar (WV) is obtained as one of the main liquid products of biomass pyrolysis and has been used as the sustainable chemicals in agriculture. In this study, the effects of acid-base properties of chemical reagents on the biomass pyrolysis behavior and WV properties were investigated

Silica is derived from the diverse agricultural sources due to its extensive applications. This study reports the extraction of amorphous silica from the maize stalk cultivated in Ethiopia due to its abundant disposal, low price, and environmental impacts. Three different methods are used to extract silica and the resultant materials were characterized. The results demonstrate that the particles are

Conservators and restorers often encounter pressure sensitive adhesive tapes used for conservation reasons. This type of tape has been used to repair documents or pages of books or on torn documents. The adhesives frequently found are composed of either natural or synthetic rubber or of acrylics. The pressure sensitive adhesive tapes (PSTs) consist of four layers: the release coating, the backing,

Pyrolysis of waste tires is a promising way to cost-efficiently produce high value limonene, but the reaction characteristics and mechanisms of limonene under pressurized pyrolysis are unclear to date. This study aims to investigate the effects of residence time and pressure on limonene conversion during waste tire pyrolysis. The yields of limonene increased significantly with a decrease of residence

In this work, we evaluated the potential for the production of nitrogen-containing compounds (NCCs) and hydrocarbons by investigating the effects of different metal-doped catalysts (Zn/Cu/Ni/HZSM-5) on catalytic pyrolysis of chlorella using microwave heating. All bio-oils exhibited stratification with the upper/lower layer corresponding to the oil/water phase. The results showed that NCCs and hydrocarbons

The present study proposed successfully TG-FTIR as a novel technique for high quality bio oil production having desirable concentration of targeted products especially phenols and acids. TG-FTIR analysis of pine waste was performed to calculate yield of desirable chemical compounds at different temperature ranged 350−600 °C. While, bio oil was produced at each corresponded temperatures and GC–MS analysis

The effects of heating rate on the evolution of tar obtained from heavy fraction of bio-oil (HB) were revealed by the change of elements, functional groups and chemical compounds. The results showed that slow heating rate had a negligible effect on the physicochemical properties of HB from 400 to 800 °C. By contrast, decomposition, radical recombination and polymerization reactions could occur at fast

The thermal decomposition of yttrium 2-methylbutyrate (Y(C4H9CO2)3) under argon gas flow has been investigated by means of simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, FTIR-spectroscopy (solid residue and evolved gas analysis), mass spectrometry, hot-stage optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction with a standard laboratory Cu-tube source as well as with a high-energy synchrotron

Thermal decomposition of cellulose was carried out in a tubular reactor under flowing argon gas at 573, 673 and 773 K. The loss of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen was observed, and enhanced with increase in temperature continuously. The persistent free radicals (PFRs) were not observed in the sample decomposed at the lowest temperature of 573 K, and observed in the samples decomposed at higher temperatures

In this work, acid-washing corn stover (ACS) impregnated with various concentrations of potassium was co-pyrolyzed with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in a fixed bed reactor. The coupling effect of potassium and HZSM-5 zeolite on product yields and mono-aromatic selectivity was studied. As the concentration of potassium increased, a reduction in liquid and an increase in gas and char yields were

Screening of catalysts for deoxygenation and atmospheric hydrodeoxygenation of fast pyrolysis vapors from biomass (wheat straw) was performed using a micro-scale setup. Steam-treated HZSM-5/Al2O3 extrudates were impregnated with metals by incipient wetness impregnation. 18 different metal modifiers (Pt, Pd, Ru, B, Li, Nb, Ga, Ca, Mg, Ce, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, Co, La, Zr) were tested, of which 14 were

This work aims to propose a sustainable green process to obtain bio-derived carbons (BDCs) for utilization in supercapacitors. The process consists in carrying out solar pyrolysis to produce BDCs from abundant lignocellulosic wastes, Agave Angustifolia leaves and pruned tomato plant. Concentrated solar radiation from a high flux solar furnace was utilized to reach sample temperatures between 450 and

In this work, coal tar pitch was co-carbonized with biomass tar pitch to manufacture hybrid mesophase pitch as precursor for the preparation of needle coke. The properties of mesophase pitches were characterized using a polarized light optical microscope, apparent viscometer, FT-IR, and 1H NMR. After adding biomass tar pitch into coal tar pitch, the mesophase pitches had more flow domain-like texture

Thermochemical conversion of biomass into useful products is a promising route to harness biofuels. This process is clean, renewable and can reduce the use of fossil fuel. In this study, SuperPro Designer (SPD) software and response surface methodology (RSM) is used to simulate and optimize rice husk pyrolysis process. The SPD simulator was built to handle kinetics and stoichiometric reaction of lignocellulosic

In this study, confined pyrolysis experiments were performed on kerogen from the Qianjiang Formation in the Jianghan Basin, China, to investigate hydrocarbon evolution in the inter-salt shale deposited in the basin. Kinetic parameters obtained from the pyrolysis experiments were applied to reconstruct the history of hydrocarbon generation in the Eq34–10 cyclothem inter-salt shale reservoir. The results

Six different double-layer metal supported core-shell catalysts were prepared for catalytic fast pyrolysis of enzymatic lignin via Py-GC/MS, in order to investigate the influence of metal types and loading positions on liquid products. The optimal liquid product distribution was obtained when loading Fe species on the microporous core and Mg on the mesoporous layer of core-shell catalysts, manifested