The inhibition effect of synthesized corrosion inhibitor namely 5,5′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(N-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine) (PBPA) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1-M hydrochloric acid environment are examined by gravimetric techniques at various temperature (303–343 K). The synthesized inhibitor concentrations are 0.1–0.5mM. The inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of the inhibitor concentration

Anticorrosion requirements for the metallurgy, automotive, and aeronautical industries have increased in recent years, for which alternative plating chemicals must be developed. This study focuses on obtaining a Zn-Ni alloy plating with higher corrosion resistance and brightness. For this purpose, tetraethylenepentaamine as complexing agent, triethanolamine as the surfactant, and gelatin and p-aminobenzenesulfonic

In this paper, the effect of cutting parameters during micromilling on surface finish and material removal rate is presented. Inconel 718 alloy and high-speed steel micro end mill are used as work material and cutting tool, respectively. High-speed steel end mill of 1 mm diameter is subjected to cryogenic treatment. Machining studies are performed on Inconel alloy using untreated and cryogenic treated

The growth and stability of hafnium films on n-GaN(0001) surface with native oxide was investigated with X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, UPS). It is shown that hafnium creates a continuous and stable layer on GaN substrate. Thermal treatment at 850∘C of Hf/GaN system causes decomposition of GaN and reaction of hafnium with atomic nitrogen from the substrate. XPS spectra demonstrate

Continuing to study the inhibition of corrosion, 5,5-diphenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (PTI) has been tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in an aggressive 1 M HCl solution by chemical and electrochemical techniques: weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis

Zn-doped CdS layers, with various percentage ratios R (= [Zn2+]/[Cd2+]%) were grown on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD). The effect of Zn-doping on different properties of CdS is studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and UV-visible diffuse reflectance. The XRD patterns indicated

Electrospun technology is a simple and flexible method for preparation of nanofiber materials with unique physical and chemical properties. The nanofiber diameter is adjustable from several nanometers to few microns during the preparation. Electrospun nanofiber materials are easy to be assembled into different shapes of three-dimensional structures. These materials exhibit high porosity and surface

In this work, aiming at enhancing the tribological behavior of chemical vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond and Si3N4 tribo-pair, mechanical polishing is performed on CVD microcrystalline diamond (MCD) films. The tribological performance of as-fabricated polished MCD (MCD-p) films is investigated by ball-on-plate reciprocating friction tests with Si3N4 ceramic balls as the counterparts under water lubrication

In this work, hydrothermal oxidation of electrodeposited zinc coatings is used to produce zinc oxide (ZnO) films. In the first step, zinc (Zn) coating is electrodeposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate. The Zn films are then immersed in deionized water at 95∘C. The exposure time of Zn coating in deionized water is varied from 1h to 24h in sequence. At the 24h exposure time, X-ray

In this paper, graphene nanosheets were used to detect ammonia gas (NH3). Graphene dispersion was drop cast on special ceramic substrate to fabricate the gas sensor. The measurements were based on measuring the resistance before and after the gas exposure. A considerable increase in the resistance after gas exposure was found. Resistance increased from 1.4kΩ to 1.8kΩ just in less than 3s. Recovery

With the miniaturization of electronic products, the portability and the critical need of clean energy for environment have led to the development of lead-free electroceramics. In this work, lead-free dielectric ceramics of 0.94Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–0.06BaTiO3 (NBT–0.06BT) are synthesized by wet solid-phase method. The effects of calcination temperature on phase structure, morphology, densification behavior

A reinforced concrete frame with masonry wall infill, “framed-brick work”, is a composite basic structure demonstrated to be feasible and effective on account of in-plane smooth excitations. Numerous models have been proposed for simulation of the behavior of masonry infills. The act of utilizing infill walls has been under investigation as it has both positive and negative impacts on the behavior

The need of engineered materials with high strength to weight ratio was instrumental for the development of a novel magnesium metal–metal composite with the addition of titanium (reinforcement) and aluminum (alloying element) through disintegrated melt deposition technique. The X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy analysis used to explore the metallurgical insights of the developed

The selection of appropriate drilling parameters is essential for improving productivity and part quality, therefore, this work mainly concentrates on the investigation of drilling time, burr height, burr thickness, roundness and surface roughness. The drilling experiments were carried out on Magnesium (Mg) AZ91 with High Speed Steel (HSS) tool using the Vertical Milling Machine (VMM). The parameters

In this work, SiC/TaxC bilayer coatings were prepared on stainless steel surface by double glow plasma surface alloying technique to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of the substrate. The effect of reaction temperature during the growth of SiC on the microstructure and property of the coating was investigated. The results showed that the surface topography of the coating could be regulated

Because of excellent mechanical properties, thermal insulation and ideal radiation resistance, polyimide (PI) is one of the best choices as a flexible solar backsheet in photovoltaic systems. In this study, accumulation characteristics of surface charge of PI backsheet under temperature-controlled corona polarization were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In order to investigate the

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an electrochemical-based surface modification technique that produces oxide layers on valve metals. The PEO process is performed in an electrolyte solution, which offers the possibility of particles’ incorporation into the growing oxide layer. In this study, we employed a PEO technique on a commercial Al alloy in an aqueous suspension of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)

In this paper, formation of defects/defect clusters in nickel nanowires (Ni-NWs) due to interaction of a 60 kilo-electron-volt (keV) beam of proton (H+) ions is studied. Ni-NWs are exposed to various fluencies of H+ ions ranging between 1.5×1015 and 1.5×1017ions/cm2. The analysis of pristine and H+ ion-irradiated Ni-NWs samples is mainly done using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction

A method of modifying calcium carbonate particles was investigated by coating sodium stearate or sodium oleate on the surface of calcium carbonate by wet method. The results of FTIR, activation and dispersion index, dispersity in kerosene, surface wettability tests and zeta potential tests show that sodium stearate or sodium oleate has successfully coated on the surfaces of calcium carbonate. The main

Combined plasma nitriding and surface texturing approach were conducted on 316 stainless steel to enhance the tribological performance. Five different surfaces (316 substrates, plasma-nitrided 316, surface-textured 316, plasma-nitrided surface-textured 316, and surface-textured plasma-nitrided 316) were investigated. The tribological behaviors were studied using a ball-on-disk rotary tribometer against

The influences of Ar+ energy and low-energy sputtering on the structure of Cu–W thin film prepared by double-ion-beam sputtering are studied. Results show that the Cu–W thin film sputtered by ion beam onto a Cu substrate is in the form of an amorphous tungsten framework mechanically mixed with Cu grains when the Cu-target Ar+ energy is within 1–2keV and the W-target Ar+ energy is 3keV. The Cu grain

The amorphous phase (AP) and nanocrystalline particle (NP)-reinforced composite coating was fabricated by laser cladding (LC) of the Ni45-WC mixed powders on the 304 stainless steel. An LC technique favored APs as well as NPs to be formed due to their rapid cooling and solidification characteristics, so the wear resistance of the Ni-base coating was improved. Microstructures and wear resistance of

Hot impinging air jets are usually used to increase heat and mass transfer. The dehydration of materials is a procedure of common significance in the chemical processes, forensic science and food industries; in the fabrication of paper, plastics and textiles as well. Effective drying of thin ink films is becoming progressively significant in the quickly development printing, packaging and coating industries

The pure iron and aluminum powders were milled with 3wt.% and 7wt.% of alumina nanoparticles in planetary ball mill in order to produce iron aluminide by mechanical alloying technique. The resulting powder mixture was sintered after the formation of iron aluminide by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method to achieve specimens with the highest densification. SPS technique was utilized on specimens under

The various levels (5%, 10% and 15%) of Cu-doped TiO2 thin films were grown on the n-type silicon (Si) wafer by spin coating technique to obtain Al/(Cu:TiO2)/n-Si (MOS) capacitors. Both the real and imaginary components of complex dielectric (ε∗=ε′−jε′′), complex electric modulus (M∗=M′+jM′′), loss tangent (tan δ) and alternating electrical conductivity (σac) of the obtained Al/(Cu:TiO2)∕n-Si (MOS)

This paper describes about selective deposition of material for pattern generation. The process is carried out using masking technique and by deposition of constituent material of powder metallurgical (P/M) green compact tool at selected area of aluminium work surface in Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) process. The process is carried out to generate line pattern with a hard layer of tungsten and

Nano-sized Ni–AlN thin films were prepared by pulse electrodeposition (PE) on A3 steel substrates. The microstructures, surface root-mean-square roughnesses, microhardness values, and corrosion performances of obtained nano-sized Ni–AlN thin films were investigated. Corrosion weight losses of Ni–AlN thin films were predicted by Backward propagation (BP) networks model. The results indicated that average

Recently, Co(OH)2 has gained much attention as a promising electrocatalyst. Herein, we synthesized Co(OH)2-decorated TiO2 film for electrocatalytic water splitting by a facile and low-cost electrochemistry method, which possessed enhanced performance for oxygen evolution reaction. The results of X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron

Two kinds of composite coatings, Zn45Al35Mg5ZnO15 and Zn65Al15Mg5ZnO15, were prepared on steel matrix (Q235) by cold spraying. The Zn, Al, Mg, and ZnO in raw materials were calculated by percentage of mass. The morphology of the original coating was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and characterized by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that the microstructures of Zn45Al35Mg5ZnO15

In this study, the surface of AISI 430 stainless steel was alloyed with B4C using the plasma transferred arc welding hardface coating method and the effect of Ti addition was examined. The microstructure of the resultant hardface coating layer was examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Abrasive wear resistance was analyzed by measuring mass

Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) nanochannels are becoming increasingly important for biological, optical and electronic applications. To form a complete PMMA nanochannel/device, the open nanotrench will always be thermal bonded. However, the bonding process which influences the final fabrication precision of PMMA devices has not yet been studied systematically by numerical simulation. In this work,

Polymer nanocomposites composed of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs)-doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer matrix have been synthesized using solvent casting preparation method. The ZnO/PVA polymer nanocomposite films are irradiated with different argon ion beam fluences using broad-beam ion source. The prepared films are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

This paper describes a new method for surface-alloying treatment to strengthen the pore walls of Al foams using the powder metallurgy method. The advantage of this technique is that the pore walls of Al foams can be enhanced efficiently during the process of preparation. Spherical carbamide particles coated with bronze powder were employed as space-holder. The pore configuration depends mainly on the

Canthium parviflorum leaf extract (CPLE) was utilized for corrosion prevention against mild steel (MS) in 0.5molL−1 H2SO4 test medium. Standard corrosion measurement techniques (gravimetric and electrochemical) were employed for this purpose. Gravimetric tests clearly confirmed that the prepared CPLE efficiently performs as corrosion inhibitor. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements (PPM) and electrochemical

In this study, the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite material was drilled using different parameters (118∘ and 140∘ Point Angle, 30, 60 and 90m⋅min−1 cutting speed and 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10mm⋅rev−1 feed rate). Experimental parameters were designed according to full factorial design method and the results were analyzed using Taguchi L18 experimental design. The results of the study show

Plasma arc cutting (PAC) process is widely used in metal cutting industries and modern fabrication units. Precise cutting of high strength material is still a challenging task to the industries. PAC process uses thermal energy to melt the material through highly energized plasma gas. Mostly, “hard-to-cut” type materials is used to cut through this process to meet the demands. The present work proposes

Flow of thin uniform Casson liquid film on an unsteady porous stretching sheet is studied both analytically and numerically. Combined effects of porosity, transverse magnetic field, thermal radiation, suction/injection, and thermocapillarity are considered for analysis. Results showed that the film thickness enhances with the Casson parameter, porosity parameter, Hartmann number and injection velocity

Push–pull tests of rolled magnesium alloy AZ31 were performed with a side-notch plate specimen to examine the crack growth behavior under negative mean stress conditions in conditions of high humidity. The effects of repetition of compression on crack growth were discussed. The geometry of the fracture surface and the changes in microstructure were related to the crack growth behavior. The crack growth

The aim of this work is to improve the surface properties of aluminum, using active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN) equipped with aluminum active screen (Al-AS). The samples are treated in fixed processing conditions, except 0–50% hydrogen is admixed in nitrogen gas, for the better removal of the native oxide layer. The samples are analyzed using the micro-hardness tester, X-ray diffraction, scanning

Au/n-Si (MS) and Au/Poly (linolenic acid)-g-poly (caprolactone)-g-poly (t-butyl acrylate) (PLilPCLPtBA)/n-Si (MPS) diodes were fabricated to investigate the electrical and responsivity effects of interfacial layer on the diodes under ultra violet (UV) illumination. Electrospinning method was used for coating of the PLilPCLPtBA polymer layer on n-Si single crystal as nanofibers. Surface formation and

In this work, ZnO nanorods (ZnO NRs) were successfully synthesized on FTO-glass via hydrothermal technique. Two steps were followed to grow ZnO NRs. In the first step, the seed layer of ZnO nanocrystals was deposited by using a drop cast method. The second step was represented by the hydrothermal growth of ZnO NRs on a pre-coated FTO- glass with the seed layer. The hydrothermal growth was conducted

This study is focused on the tribological properties of micro- and nano-crystalline diamond (MCD and NCD), non-hydrogenated and hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC and DLC-H) and nitrogen-based (CrN, TiN and TiAlN) coatings sliding against the super alloy Inconel 718, in terms of the maximal and average coefficients of frictions (COFs), the worn morphologies and the specific wear rates, by the rotating

Surface composites are developed on Mg RZ 5 alloy by friction stir processing. During FSP, hard reinforcements are introduced into the matrix of RZ 5 alloy and dispersed uniformly by mechanical stirring action. The reinforcements dispersed were boron carbide, carbon nanotubes (multi-walled) and an 80:20 mixture of zirconia and alumina particles. Dynamic recrystallization and grain boundary pinning

In this experimental research, tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films were deposited using ammonium tungstate ((NH4)2WO4) by a simple and cost-effective technique of spray pyrolysis on top of glass substrates. The surface morphology, structural and optical properties of prepared samples were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis and

Slurry erosion behaviors of HVOF WC-12Co and Cr3C2-25NiCr coatings as well as 16Cr5Ni martensitic stainless steel were investigated in the present paper. Erosion experiments were carried out using slurry with different rotational speeds, particle size and concentration to evaluate their influences on the coatings. It was found that the rotational speed had the most significant influence on WC-12Co

Amorphous and crystalline Zn1−xCoxS (x=0.1, 0.3, 0.5) thin films were grown on sapphire (Al2O3) substrates by pulsed laser deposition at substrate temperature of 25∘C and 800∘C, respectively. The X-ray diffraction results show that the crystalline film has a cubic zinc blende structure and the crystalline quality decreased with increasing Co-doping concentration. The X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron

This paper designed a novel three-port reflective surface-covered grating with a connecting layer. The grating can be used as a splitter, and the polarized light can be divided into zero order, first order and second order. Through rigorous coupled-wave analysis, the efficiency of the three orders of diffraction light is close to 33% under the condition that the incident light at 1550 nm is incident

A functionalized epoxy resin (DGEBA) was synthesized from abietic acid, through the esterification and condensation reactions between the carboxyl groups of abietic acid and the basic functional groups of an epoxy resin. This method of synthesis increases the epoxy resin surface adhesion, as well as the chemical and thermal stability, for being used as a protective coating against corrosion of copper

The Casimir force between two rough surfaces grown through statistical growth models is studied, both theoretically and numerically. The models include the random deposition (RD), the random deposition with surface relaxation (RDSR), and the restricted solid-on-solid growth (RSOS). To calculate the Casimir force, the pairwise summation (PWS) method in (2+1) dimensions is used. First, the force between

We report here the development of MnO2 nanostructure electrode for electrochemical energy storage application. MnO2 nanoparticles synthesized by a facile and efficient precipitation approach have been investigated for supercapacitor application. The structures and morphologies of MnO2 nanoparticles were systematically studied using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy

Crack identification in thick beams has improved increasing considerations from the scientific and building areas since the unpredicted structural failure may cause disastrous, catastrophic and life trouble. The goal of the present examination is to predict the unknown crack location and its depth in thick beams from the information of frequency data obtained from experimental examination. The effectiveness

The dynamic mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy prepared by laser direct deposition (LDD) at different strain rates are of great significance for the application of LDD technology in the manufacture and repair of aero-engine parts. The quasi-static tensile test and dynamic compression test of Ti-6Al-4V alloy prepared by LDD (LDD-Ti-6Al-4V) were carried out under the quasi-static and high strain

Critical point (CP) in a titration curve to quantify carboxylic, lactonic, and phenolic groups on multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) and Vulcan carbon (VC). Titration technique used was Boehm type and tipping point measurement from titration curve was done by second derivative method. The calculation functional groups on nanocarbons (NCs) presents lowest uncertainty previously published. An order of

Energy restoration is the prime issue for the researcher and they have tried to develop advanced techniques and resources for renewable energy. The nanofluid is one of the resources for the restoration of energy which depends on the dynamic thermophysical properties of metal nanoparticles. The recent study is concerned with the thin film flow of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) water-based nanofluid for the

Nowadays, the demand for needle-punched nonwoven fabrics has been increasing, especially in the areas of high-performance composites as reinforcement due to their potential of imparting high z-directional strength, easy resin absorption, light weight, and low cost. In this study, needle-punched nonwoven viscose fabric-reinforced epoxy composites are prepared by varying the area density of fabric mat

In this work, TiAlV thin films have been prepared on two different types of substrates: silicon and stainless steel (SS304) by two deposition methods: Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) and DC magnetron sputtering. Different techniques have been employed in order to characterize film properties such as: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD)

Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have been deposited on glass substrate by DC magnetron sputtering in the presence and absence of oxygen gas flux. Subsequently, some of the samples have been annealed in vacuum or air oven at 350∘C for 20min. The optical, surface morphology and electrical characteristics have been examined by spectrophotometry, atomic force microscope, field emission scanning electron

We compare the performances of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) based on binary and ternary planar heterojunctions. The organic active layers are pentathiophene (5T), subphthalocyanine (SubPc) and fullerene (C60). SubPc being an ambipolar material we used it either as electron acceptor in binary OPVCs or as central layer in ternary cells in order to increase the efficiency of OPVCs using 5T as electron

In this study, the formation of porous Al2O3 on commercial 1050 aluminium alloy (AA1050) in 2M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) electrolyte was investigated. Anodization was performed at 12V and 15V specimens for a charge density of 757mC/cm2 and 3231mC/cm2. The resulting oxides were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). According to analysis, a hexagonal oxide formation containing more than one

The authors provide insight into the problem of selective flotation of fluorite from quartz–fluorite ores. The flotation of fluorite mineral from ores by using acidized water glass as depressant has been studied for substitution of the commonly used depressant. It was found that the acidized water glass could achieve higher selectivity of fluorite minerals against gangue minerals in the fluorite flotation