The main objective of this work is to experimentally investigate and statistically evaluate the effects of the milling parameters on surface roughness (Ra) and flank wear (Vb) in the milling of Inconel 625. Thus, milling experiments on different cutting conditions with Physical vapor deposition (PVD) and Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coated inserts have been conducted on CNC milling machine according

The objective of this study is to evaluate the electrodeposited zirconia (ZrO2)-modified NiCoCrAlY composite coatings subjected to isothermal oxidation at 1000∘C under atmospheric conditions for 24 h. NiCoCrAlY composite coatings with 0, 10, 40, and 60wt.% of cobalt contents have been compared. The oxidation studies have revealed that the doping of yttrium (Y) and ZrO2 results in a significant reduction

Hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) diamond-coated small aperture wire-drawing dies from Φ0.8 to Φ2mm are in high demand. A new deposition technique without filaments through the inner hole of wire-drawing dies is proposed, accompanied with the specially designed fixtures. Temperature distribution on the deposition surfaces is studied by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation based

Additives, which are used to reduce wear and friction coefficient and are added into petroleum-based oils in various amounts, are known to be harmful rather than beneficial unless an appropriate working environment is used. It is critical that additives are utilized in the form of motor oil additives at the right time and in the right amount. This study aimed to determine wear performance of commercial

In order to decrease the decomposition temperature of SiC, 12nm Fe thin film is applied on SiC substrates as a catalyst layer using electron beam (e-beam) deposition. To investigate the mechanism of Fe-treated SiC decomposition, local Fe regions are formed through dewetting of the catalyst layer by hydrogen annealing. The results show that Fe decreases the decomposition temperature of SiC effectively

Using plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method based on first-principles density functional theory (DFT), the adsorption of Cs atom on As-rich GaAs(001)β2(2×4) reconstruction phase and Ga-rich GaAs(001)(4×2) reconstruction phase are investigated. The adsorption energy, work function, dipole moment, ionicity, band structure and density of state (DOS) of Cs adsorbed GaAs β2(2×4) and (4×2) models are

This study is based on Taguchi’s design of experiments along with grey relational analysis (GRA) to optimize the milling parameters to minimize surface roughness, tool wear, and vibration during machining of Inconel-625 while using coconut oil as cutting fluid (CF). The experiments were conducted based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array (OA). Taguchi’s S/N was used for identifying the optimal cutting

In low-strength metals, the main purpose of enhancing surface properties is to increase the abrasion resistance. One of the new methods for improving the microstructure of the surface layer of metals is the surface composite. In this research, the friction stir processing (FSP) was used to develop an aluminum–nickel intermetallic surface composite. Aluminum 2024 alloy and Ni powder were used as the

In this paper, the sandwiched configuration is designed under normal incidence with zeroth order eliminated so as to design a highly-efficient four-port output with polarization independence. Through rigorous coupled-wave analysis method, the splitting parameters are calculated to get a good polarization-independence effect, where the four reflective efficiencies are over 20%, respectively. The final

Titanium and its alloys used in biomaterial applications are preferrably the cause of high-corrosion resistance properties in addition to having good mechanical properties. Commercially pure Ti (CP-Ti) (Grade 2), Ti6Al4V (Grade 5) and Ti6Al4V-ELI (Grade 23) samples are used as biomaterials exposed to 750°C and 1060°C for 1h. The samples were cooled in air after heat treatment at 750°C, the other samples

The geological environment along a buried pipeline in permafrost regions is complex, where differential frost heave often occurs. To understand the changes in the stress behavior of pipeline structures caused by corrosion while laying them in permafrost regions, we established a thermo-mechanical coupling model of buried pipeline with corrosion defects by using finite element software. Numerical simulation

The usages of carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) in aerospace, defense, and structural fields are increasing due to their excellent properties. However, the materials design, forming of material, machine tool and processing conditions are major tasks in manufacturing industries. Particularly, the micro feature making on macro-components using vertical machining center is a challenge nowadays. In

This research is an effort to understand the morphology of the coating produced during hot dipping process in pure zinc bath based on iron–zinc phase diagram. In this investigation, zinc coating on low-alloy steel AISI 4340 samples was applied by hot dipping method followed by an annealing process. Morphological characterizations of the steel surface layer were accomplished by optical microscopy (OM)

In this study, Anatase thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) are deposited by the Direct Current (DC) magnetron sputtering technique on glass substrate for future application in gas sensors. In our work, we focused and discussed the effect of various substrate temperatures 200∘C, 400∘C and 450∘C, and film thicknesses 142, 220 and 410nm, respectively, in order to study the structural and optical properties

The corrosion inhibition performance of novel synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivative namely, 2-isonicotinoyl-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide (IPC) on the mild steel coupon surface in 1M hydrochloric acid solution is investigated by weight loss measurements. The adsorption parameters of the IPC on the mild steel coupon surface have been evaluated and the surface morphology of the tested mild steel

The usage of natural dyes for coloration has attained attention in recent years due to their ecofriendly environment. Therefore, in this study, orange peel solvent extract is used as a natural dye for coloring Tencel fabric samples. Pre-mordanting and post-mordanting methods were accomplished with two different mordants, i.e. ferrous sulfate and copper sulfate. The dyeing shade effects were retrieved

The influence of reinforcement of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on microstructural features and mechanical properties of thermally sprayed Al2O3–3wt.%TiO2 and WC–20wt.%Co coatings was investigated. Alumina–Titania coatings were deposited by Air Plasma Spraying (APS) and Tungsten Carbide–Cobalt coatings were deposited by High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spraying process. The coatings obtained with reinforcement

This paper has summarized five surface strengthening methods, and these methods could to improve the surface properties of materials. The selection of mechanical parts materials has determined according to their working conditions. The work-piece in using cannot avoid defects in the material. This paper has introduced surface deformation enhancement, surface phase transformation enhancement, ion implantation

Nanostructured Fe:SnO2 thin films were deposited on glass substrates through sol–gel spin coating method. Films were synthesized with different iron quantities including 0%, 4%, 8% and 12% (wt.%). The effects of Fe concentration on optical properties of films were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) technique. SE measured (Ψ,Δ) parameters for films in the wavelength range between 300nm

Solid particle erosion behavior of non-conventional thermal barrier coatings prepared by dip coating of sol–gel 7wt.% yttria-stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) has been studied in the present paper. The purpose was to show its applicability to protect aeronautic bodies vulnerable under solid particle impact, e.g. the leading edges of the wings, the radome or the leading edges of rotor blades. The effect of

Electroless plating can be used to prepare metal particle/CaCO3 composite powder, but the use of noble metal as catalytic site would increase the cost. In this work, we adopt the combined 3-amino-propyltriethoxysilane (KH550) modification and NiCl2 activation to coat CaCO3 powder by a uniform layer of Ni particles/polymer brush which acts as non-noble metal catalyst, then, a low-cost electroless plating

To increase the strength and wear resistance of material surfaces, various combinations of B4C and 80TiFe powder were mixed into a Fe60 self-fluxing alloy powder; the composite coatings reinforced by TiB2–TiC were successfully prepared on Q235 steel surfaces by laser cladding. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the

In this paper, an effort is made to determine the optimized parameters in laser welding of Hastelloy C-276 using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). CO2 Laser welding was performed on a sheet of thickness 1.6mm based on Taguchi L27 orthogonal array. Laser power, welding speed and shielding gas flow rate were chosen as input parameters and Bead width, depth of Penetration and

This work is a systematic computational study of random and ballistic deposition (BD) in 1+1 dimension for deposition of two differently shaped particles. The effect of particle shape and size on different growth parameters has been reported. It has been observed that when the shape of the particle gets changed, the surface that evolves following the mechanism of random deposition (RD) model shows

It is aimed to investigate the coating of AISI316 stainless steel with NiCrBSi/WC at different ratios using TIG method. In this study, the Ni-based WC-reinforced MMC layer was manufactured by the TIG composite coating method, and then the microstructure of the coating layer was examined. Microstructure and phase components of the composite coatings were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning

Machining of hard and brittle materials such as engineering ceramics, glass, and silicon is a formidable task. Unlike cutting processes employing plasma and lasers, better machining capabilities of abrasive jet machining are characterized by thermally damaged free surface which is highly competitive as well as important for survival of materials in service. In this paper, an attempt has been made to

We investigate the growth performance of tin oxide on the Si substrate, achieved by spray pyrolysis using the sensitive analysis techniques X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). These complementary techniques confirm the growth of homogeneous SnO2 thin films. We also study the electronic distribution of the valence band of SnO2 theoretically using density functional

Talc/TiO2 composite particle was prepared with TiO2 coating on the surfaces of the talc particles by mechano-chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to investigate the microstructures and morphologies of the composite particles. The mechanism of the mechano-chemical reaction was researched by infrared spectra (IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited by DC-pulse plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) under the different electrode distances. Effects of the electrode distances on the microstructural, mechanical, and tribological properties of the obtained films were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED)

The special wettability of surfaces has attracted intensive research interests and leads to a rapidly developing field collectively known as the “superwettability” system. As a new member of this system, superwettability-based chemical processes advance the applications of superwettability from single surface functions to a broader space. This review briefly introduces the latest developments in this

In this paper, pulsed arc ion plating was applied for preparing Ti–Al–N coatings. The effects of different process parameters on the structure and corrosion resistance properties of Ti–Al–N coating were studied by changing the temperature. The microstructures, morphology features and the corrosion resistance of the different temperatures of Ti–Al–N coating were investigated to simulate the corrosion

In this study, bismuth+carbonate co-doped and pure hydroxyapatites (HAp) were coated on rough surfaces of Ti6Al4V plates by biomimetic method. Prepared samples were investigated with SEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD and ICP. Furthermore, mechanical scratch tests, profilometer tests and in vitro cell studies were carried out. In order to explore the antibacterial characteristics of the coating, the survival rate

The magnetic properties and microstructures of electrodeposited Co–Ni–Fe–Gd thin films have been investigated for various concentrations of Mn. Nanocrystalline Co–Ni–Fe–Gd alloy thin films were deposited by electrodeposition method on copper substrate with different concentrations of Mn. Microstructures of the deposited Co–Ni–Fe–Gd films were investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and

Nowadays, the High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) as an additional technique to plasma-based sputtering, is applied to depositing or coating of thin films. HiPIMS is based on applying high-power and low-duty-cycle unipolar pulses to the magnetron target by a low repetition frequency, which are produced from the high ionization part of sputtered atoms by high discharge power. By applying

Laser surface alloying was employed to enhance the wear resistance of 304 stainless steel with pure tungsten powder. The effect of laser fluence on phase constituents, microstructure, hardness and corrosion properties was investigated. It is found that the laser fluence has a direct correlation with the phases present in the coatings. Intermetallic Fe7W6 phase was found in the composite coating due

Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly is one of the unique methods for fabrication of ultra-thin film. This technique has immense application aross many fields in today’s life. In this paper, we have presented the fabrication of the thin film comprising of antifungal and antibacterial cationic dye methylene blue with negatively charged E. coli K30 bacterial polysaccharide sharing with PAH. The multilayers

Anatase-phased TiO2 films were prepared at different temperatures (350, 400, 450 and 500∘C) using automated nebulizer spray pyrolysis (ANSP) method. The structural study (XRD) revealed the amorphous nature at 350∘C and remaining samples (400, 450 and 500∘C) show the tetragonal structure with 2θ∘=25.78, 38.43, 48.49 and 55.54 corresponding to (101), (004), (200) and (105) reflected planes and it is

Nano-fluidic devices have great potential in the applications of biology, chemistry, and medicine. However, their applications have been hampered by their expensive or complicated fabrication methods. We present a new and simple approach to fabricate low-cost two-dimensional (2D) nano-mold based on ultraviolet (UV) lithography and wet etching. The influence of UV lithography parameters on the width

In this paper, Yb:LuScO3 crystal was processed by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), and the surface roughness of 0.18nm was obtained. The atomic step structures of these sesquioxide crystals are successfully characterized by AFM scanning probe technology. Through several CMP experiments, the basic material removal mechanism of a ytterbium-doped LuScO3 crystal during CMP is studied. Based on the

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance in splitting water. However, the sluggish OER kinetics at the anode severely hinders the H2 evolution at the cathode which is a crucial procedure for energy storage. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new OER catalyst of Co(OH)x(WO4)yvia a one-step hydrothermal method, where the incorporation of WO42− as a condenser greatly enhanced the electrocatalytic

Since the last two decades, many novel techniques have evolved from electro-discharge machining (EDM). Among them, surface modification is one of the rigorously growing technologies by which surface properties can be enhanced by providing a layer having a thickness up to some microns on the workpiece. Existence of tool material on the machined surface after EDM was observed previously. This attribute

Pure and nickel doped copper sulfide (CuS) nanostructure were prepared by hydrothermal method for 5 h at 150∘C. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the CuS nanostructure were studied for different Ni-doping concentration of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5 %. X-ray diffraction studies showed the polycrystalline nature with hexagonal phase structure of CuS and Ni: CuS nanostructure. FE-SEM image

Pitting corrosion of carbon steel in sodium chloride solution induced by Ce3+ and the synergistic inhibition effects of Ce3+ and Zn2+/SiO32− were investigated using in-situ observation and electrochemical methods. The results showed that the presence of Ce3+ could result in severe pitting corrosion and a positive shift in the corrosion potential. It was found that individual Ce3+, Zn2+, or SiO32− had

The structural and phase transformation of microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings on 6061 aluminum alloy at 300∘C/3MPa steam were evaluated. After 10 days steam corrosion, the weight loss of coated alloys with 15μm and 75μm thickness was only about 1/10 and 1/50 of weight gain of bare alloy, respectively. The γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 phases in the MAO coatings were stable at 300∘C/3MPa steam, but many fine needle-like

The contemporary trend of cost-saving is the primary motive while studying the relative motion between the material surfaces. Therefore, exceptional surface characteristics are the most desirable features for any material. The rapid emerging surface modification phenomena like Friction Stir Processing (FSP) have proved its potential in the surface engineering applications. In this study, Magnesium–Aluminum–Silicon

This paper presents the tribological examination of various percentages of montmorillonite nanoclay-filled polyester composites and jute fiber reinforced hybrid composites by the Pin on Disc wear testing method. The wear rate and coefficient of friction were investigated for each composition with the working parameters like applied load (10,20,30N), sliding speed (3m/s), and sliding distance (1500m)

In this study, four excessive worn brake rotors of a light commercial vehicle are coated using different thickness, methods and powder coatings. Coated rotors (R1, R2, R3 and R4) compared with OEM brake rotor (R0) in terms of friction coefficient (μ) and braking noise. Three braking test procedures (bedding, hot judder I and II) are applied to five rotors using inertia brake dynamometer. Results in

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are prepared using two different techniques namely hydrothermal and laser ablation methods. The purpose of this study is to find a more suitable method to prepare Ag NPs through comparison that can give stable and size-controlled silver nanoparticles. Techniques used for observations are X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron

Zinc oxide (ZnO), undoped and Al-doped thin films have been synthesized by the ultrasonic spray-assisted chemical vapor deposition (USCVD) system. The films were deposited on glass substrates. The precursor solution was prepared dissolving zinc chloride in distilled water. First, the precursor concentrations were investigated and optimized before studying Al doped, after we have studied the Al-doped

The fabrication of microchannels, in order to dissipate the heat flux generated in the complex parts of an electronic industry, requires considerable attention since it is a complex process. Some advanced machining process like wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) has been employed carefully for forming channels in material. However, the surfaces of these microchannels play an important role

In this study, the effect of powder particle contents on the mechanical properties of aluminum-based hybrid composites produced by warm accumulative roll bonding (WARB) process was investigated. Three hybrid composite groups with fully annealed AA1060 strips, 1wt.% of MnO2 and 0, 7.5 and 15wt.% of TiO2 were first roll-bonded and then the ARB process continued up to eight rolling cycles. In the WARB

In order to improve the anti-friction and anti-wear performances of titanium and expand its application in aerospace and aircraft area, a commercially pure titanium grade 2 (TA2) was chosen and treated by compositing surface treatment. Dimple textures were prepared on the titanium surface by laser surface texturing (LST), and then the textured titanium was treated by ion nitriding. Tribological behaviors

Metallic materials are a class of well-developed engineering materials and have been extensively used in various engineering fields. Material removal that resulted from wear, mostly dry friction conditions, must be taken into consideration in the practical engineering application. Therefore, the tribological behavior of metallic materials and the process to improve their wear resistance under dry friction

The oxidation behavior of B-bearing high-speed steel was studied at 923K. The results showed that the as-cast microstructure of 1.0 wt.%B high-speed steel was composed of pearlite + ferrite + M7(C, B)3 + M2(B, C). When the boron content increased, the microstructure gradually changed into martensite + retained austenite + netlike M2(B, C) + M23(C, B)6 + M7(C, B)3. The cyclic oxidation of B-bearing

A kind of environment-friendly anodic oxidation technology was used to oxidize 2024 aluminum alloys from mixed acid solutions to effectively improve the anticorrosion and mechanical performances. The influences of anode oxidation method on surface morphology, microstructure, composition, electrochemistry parameter, anticorrosion property were studied. Aluminum alloy oxidation is actually a dynamic

Based on the background of automotive mold surface strengthening, the effects of three different enhancements on the microstructure evolution, micro-hardness and wear resistance of laser cladding cobalt-based coatings were studied. The three reinforcing materials were Co45 alloy powder, Co45/8% B4C mixed powder and Co45/8% B4C/5% Cr3C2 mixed powder. They were respectively used to conduct laser cladding

Spin-coated thin films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) were fabricated using different rotation speeds from 250 rpm to 1250 rpm. The structural characterization of these films was analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Gas sensing properties of these spun thin films were investigated against different volatile organic compounds such as chloroform, dichloromethane and

The mechanism of boron-enhanced diffusion from a thin boron layer deposited on the surface in the case of silicon crystal doping is proposed and investigated. It was supposed that lattice contraction occurs in the vicinity of the surface due to the difference between the atomic radii of boron and silicon. This lattice contraction provides a stress-mediated diffusion of silicon self-interstitials from

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most explored nonconventional machining processes due to its ability to machine intricate shapes on conductive materials. However, tool wear is one of the major challenges in the EDM process as it directly affects the accuracy of machining, surface roughness, reproduction of geometrical characteristics on the workpiece and cost of the process. Lots

The π-conjugated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has gained increasing attention due to its unique electronic property, accessible nanoporous framework, chemical and thermal stability. The nanopore structure of g-C3N4 is believed to be favorable for adsorption process owing to the improved mass transfer process. Here, a honeycomb-like mesoporous g-C3N4 is synthesized by direct thermal polymerization