The magnetic properties and microstructures of electrodeposited Co–Ni–Fe–Gd thin films have been investigated for various concentrations of Mn. Nanocrystalline Co–Ni–Fe–Gd alloy thin films were deposited by electrodeposition method on copper substrate with different concentrations of Mn. Microstructures of the deposited Co–Ni–Fe–Gd films were investigated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and

Nowadays, the High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) as an additional technique to plasma-based sputtering, is applied to depositing or coating of thin films. HiPIMS is based on applying high-power and low-duty-cycle unipolar pulses to the magnetron target by a low repetition frequency, which are produced from the high ionization part of sputtered atoms by high discharge power. By applying

Laser surface alloying was employed to enhance the wear resistance of 304 stainless steel with pure tungsten powder. The effect of laser fluence on phase constituents, microstructure, hardness and corrosion properties was investigated. It is found that the laser fluence has a direct correlation with the phases present in the coatings. Intermetallic Fe7W6 phase was found in the composite coating due

Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly is one of the unique methods for fabrication of ultra-thin film. This technique has immense application aross many fields in today’s life. In this paper, we have presented the fabrication of the thin film comprising of antifungal and antibacterial cationic dye methylene blue with negatively charged E. coli K30 bacterial polysaccharide sharing with PAH. The multilayers

Anatase-phased TiO2 films were prepared at different temperatures (350, 400, 450 and 500∘C) using automated nebulizer spray pyrolysis (ANSP) method. The structural study (XRD) revealed the amorphous nature at 350∘C and remaining samples (400, 450 and 500∘C) show the tetragonal structure with 2θ∘=25.78, 38.43, 48.49 and 55.54 corresponding to (101), (004), (200) and (105) reflected planes and it is

Nano-fluidic devices have great potential in the applications of biology, chemistry, and medicine. However, their applications have been hampered by their expensive or complicated fabrication methods. We present a new and simple approach to fabricate low-cost two-dimensional (2D) nano-mold based on ultraviolet (UV) lithography and wet etching. The influence of UV lithography parameters on the width

In this paper, Yb:LuScO3 crystal was processed by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), and the surface roughness of 0.18nm was obtained. The atomic step structures of these sesquioxide crystals are successfully characterized by AFM scanning probe technology. Through several CMP experiments, the basic material removal mechanism of a ytterbium-doped LuScO3 crystal during CMP is studied. Based on the

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great importance in splitting water. However, the sluggish OER kinetics at the anode severely hinders the H2 evolution at the cathode which is a crucial procedure for energy storage. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new OER catalyst of Co(OH)x(WO4)yvia a one-step hydrothermal method, where the incorporation of WO42− as a condenser greatly enhanced the electrocatalytic

Since the last two decades, many novel techniques have evolved from electro-discharge machining (EDM). Among them, surface modification is one of the rigorously growing technologies by which surface properties can be enhanced by providing a layer having a thickness up to some microns on the workpiece. Existence of tool material on the machined surface after EDM was observed previously. This attribute

Pure and nickel doped copper sulfide (CuS) nanostructure were prepared by hydrothermal method for 5 h at 150∘C. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the CuS nanostructure were studied for different Ni-doping concentration of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5 %. X-ray diffraction studies showed the polycrystalline nature with hexagonal phase structure of CuS and Ni: CuS nanostructure. FE-SEM image

Pitting corrosion of carbon steel in sodium chloride solution induced by Ce3+ and the synergistic inhibition effects of Ce3+ and Zn2+/SiO32− were investigated using in-situ observation and electrochemical methods. The results showed that the presence of Ce3+ could result in severe pitting corrosion and a positive shift in the corrosion potential. It was found that individual Ce3+, Zn2+, or SiO32− had

The structural and phase transformation of microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings on 6061 aluminum alloy at 300∘C/3MPa steam were evaluated. After 10 days steam corrosion, the weight loss of coated alloys with 15μm and 75μm thickness was only about 1/10 and 1/50 of weight gain of bare alloy, respectively. The γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 phases in the MAO coatings were stable at 300∘C/3MPa steam, but many fine needle-like

The contemporary trend of cost-saving is the primary motive while studying the relative motion between the material surfaces. Therefore, exceptional surface characteristics are the most desirable features for any material. The rapid emerging surface modification phenomena like Friction Stir Processing (FSP) have proved its potential in the surface engineering applications. In this study, Magnesium–Aluminum–Silicon

This paper presents the tribological examination of various percentages of montmorillonite nanoclay-filled polyester composites and jute fiber reinforced hybrid composites by the Pin on Disc wear testing method. The wear rate and coefficient of friction were investigated for each composition with the working parameters like applied load (10,20,30N), sliding speed (3m/s), and sliding distance (1500m)

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are prepared using two different techniques namely hydrothermal and laser ablation methods. The purpose of this study is to find a more suitable method to prepare Ag NPs through comparison that can give stable and size-controlled silver nanoparticles. Techniques used for observations are X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron

In this study, four excessive worn brake rotors of a light commercial vehicle are coated using different thickness, methods and powder coatings. Coated rotors (R1, R2, R3 and R4) compared with OEM brake rotor (R0) in terms of friction coefficient (μ) and braking noise. Three braking test procedures (bedding, hot judder I and II) are applied to five rotors using inertia brake dynamometer. Results in

Zinc oxide (ZnO), undoped and Al-doped thin films have been synthesized by the ultrasonic spray-assisted chemical vapor deposition (USCVD) system. The films were deposited on glass substrates. The precursor solution was prepared dissolving zinc chloride in distilled water. First, the precursor concentrations were investigated and optimized before studying Al doped, after we have studied the Al-doped

In this study, the effect of powder particle contents on the mechanical properties of aluminum-based hybrid composites produced by warm accumulative roll bonding (WARB) process was investigated. Three hybrid composite groups with fully annealed AA1060 strips, 1wt.% of MnO2 and 0, 7.5 and 15wt.% of TiO2 were first roll-bonded and then the ARB process continued up to eight rolling cycles. In the WARB

The fabrication of microchannels, in order to dissipate the heat flux generated in the complex parts of an electronic industry, requires considerable attention since it is a complex process. Some advanced machining process like wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) has been employed carefully for forming channels in material. However, the surfaces of these microchannels play an important role

In order to improve the anti-friction and anti-wear performances of titanium and expand its application in aerospace and aircraft area, a commercially pure titanium grade 2 (TA2) was chosen and treated by compositing surface treatment. Dimple textures were prepared on the titanium surface by laser surface texturing (LST), and then the textured titanium was treated by ion nitriding. Tribological behaviors

Metallic materials are a class of well-developed engineering materials and have been extensively used in various engineering fields. Material removal that resulted from wear, mostly dry friction conditions, must be taken into consideration in the practical engineering application. Therefore, the tribological behavior of metallic materials and the process to improve their wear resistance under dry friction

In this paper, pulsed arc ion plating was applied for preparing Ti–Al–N coatings. The effects of different process parameters on the structure and corrosion resistance properties of Ti–Al–N coating were studied by changing the temperature. The microstructures, morphology features and the corrosion resistance of the different temperatures of Ti–Al–N coating were investigated to simulate the corrosion

The oxidation behavior of B-bearing high-speed steel was studied at 923K. The results showed that the as-cast microstructure of 1.0 wt.%B high-speed steel was composed of pearlite + ferrite + M7(C, B)3 + M2(B, C). When the boron content increased, the microstructure gradually changed into martensite + retained austenite + netlike M2(B, C) + M23(C, B)6 + M7(C, B)3. The cyclic oxidation of B-bearing

A kind of environment-friendly anodic oxidation technology was used to oxidize 2024 aluminum alloys from mixed acid solutions to effectively improve the anticorrosion and mechanical performances. The influences of anode oxidation method on surface morphology, microstructure, composition, electrochemistry parameter, anticorrosion property were studied. Aluminum alloy oxidation is actually a dynamic

In this study, bismuth+carbonate co-doped and pure hydroxyapatites (HAp) were coated on rough surfaces of Ti6Al4V plates by biomimetic method. Prepared samples were investigated with SEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD and ICP. Furthermore, mechanical scratch tests, profilometer tests and in vitro cell studies were carried out. In order to explore the antibacterial characteristics of the coating, the survival rate

Based on the background of automotive mold surface strengthening, the effects of three different enhancements on the microstructure evolution, micro-hardness and wear resistance of laser cladding cobalt-based coatings were studied. The three reinforcing materials were Co45 alloy powder, Co45/8% B4C mixed powder and Co45/8% B4C/5% Cr3C2 mixed powder. They were respectively used to conduct laser cladding

Spin-coated thin films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) were fabricated using different rotation speeds from 250 rpm to 1250 rpm. The structural characterization of these films was analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Gas sensing properties of these spun thin films were investigated against different volatile organic compounds such as chloroform, dichloromethane and

The mechanism of boron-enhanced diffusion from a thin boron layer deposited on the surface in the case of silicon crystal doping is proposed and investigated. It was supposed that lattice contraction occurs in the vicinity of the surface due to the difference between the atomic radii of boron and silicon. This lattice contraction provides a stress-mediated diffusion of silicon self-interstitials from

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the most explored nonconventional machining processes due to its ability to machine intricate shapes on conductive materials. However, tool wear is one of the major challenges in the EDM process as it directly affects the accuracy of machining, surface roughness, reproduction of geometrical characteristics on the workpiece and cost of the process. Lots

The π-conjugated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has gained increasing attention due to its unique electronic property, accessible nanoporous framework, chemical and thermal stability. The nanopore structure of g-C3N4 is believed to be favorable for adsorption process owing to the improved mass transfer process. Here, a honeycomb-like mesoporous g-C3N4 is synthesized by direct thermal polymerization

This paper addresses friction energy-induced reduction of TiO2 during abrasive wear and friction of alumina–titania coatings with different TiO2 content. Alumina–13% titania and alumina–40% titania coatings were deposited by atmospheric plasma spray technique. An improvement in fracture toughness and better densification of coatings was observed with an increase in titania content. Alumina–40% titania

The microstructure of the Ti/Al weld seam (WS) was uniform, and a good metallurgy bond between TC4/5052 aluminum alloy substrates was obtained without obvious defects after the Tungsten inert gas (TIG) process. Then, a remelt layer (RL) with fine microstructure can be formed by means of a laser remelting (LR) technique of the Ti/Al TIG joints. The Ti–Al intermetallics were produced adhered to the weld

In this paper, we report the influence of low-energy oxygen ion irradiation with fluence ranging from 0.5×1017ions⋅cm−2 to 1.5×1017ions⋅cm−2 on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of fresh and annealed (400∘C, 3h) zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films. These films were grown on soda-lime glass (SLG) substrates using the spin-coating method as a low-cost depositing technique. X-ray diffraction

The inhibition effect of synthesized corrosion inhibitor namely 5,5′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(N-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine) (PBPA) on the corrosion of mild steel in 1-M hydrochloric acid environment are examined by gravimetric techniques at various temperature (303–343 K). The synthesized inhibitor concentrations are 0.1–0.5mM. The inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of the inhibitor concentration

Anticorrosion requirements for the metallurgy, automotive, and aeronautical industries have increased in recent years, for which alternative plating chemicals must be developed. This study focuses on obtaining a Zn-Ni alloy plating with higher corrosion resistance and brightness. For this purpose, tetraethylenepentaamine as complexing agent, triethanolamine as the surfactant, and gelatin and p-aminobenzenesulfonic

In this paper, the effect of cutting parameters during micromilling on surface finish and material removal rate is presented. Inconel 718 alloy and high-speed steel micro end mill are used as work material and cutting tool, respectively. High-speed steel end mill of 1 mm diameter is subjected to cryogenic treatment. Machining studies are performed on Inconel alloy using untreated and cryogenic treated

The growth and stability of hafnium films on n-GaN(0001) surface with native oxide was investigated with X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, UPS). It is shown that hafnium creates a continuous and stable layer on GaN substrate. Thermal treatment at 850∘C of Hf/GaN system causes decomposition of GaN and reaction of hafnium with atomic nitrogen from the substrate. XPS spectra demonstrate

Continuing to study the inhibition of corrosion, 5,5-diphenyl-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one (PTI) has been tested as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in an aggressive 1 M HCl solution by chemical and electrochemical techniques: weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis

Zn-doped CdS layers, with various percentage ratios R (= [Zn2+]/[Cd2+]%) were grown on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD). The effect of Zn-doping on different properties of CdS is studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and UV-visible diffuse reflectance. The XRD patterns indicated

Electrospun technology is a simple and flexible method for preparation of nanofiber materials with unique physical and chemical properties. The nanofiber diameter is adjustable from several nanometers to few microns during the preparation. Electrospun nanofiber materials are easy to be assembled into different shapes of three-dimensional structures. These materials exhibit high porosity and surface

In this work, aiming at enhancing the tribological behavior of chemical vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond and Si3N4 tribo-pair, mechanical polishing is performed on CVD microcrystalline diamond (MCD) films. The tribological performance of as-fabricated polished MCD (MCD-p) films is investigated by ball-on-plate reciprocating friction tests with Si3N4 ceramic balls as the counterparts under water lubrication

In this work, hydrothermal oxidation of electrodeposited zinc coatings is used to produce zinc oxide (ZnO) films. In the first step, zinc (Zn) coating is electrodeposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate. The Zn films are then immersed in deionized water at 95∘C. The exposure time of Zn coating in deionized water is varied from 1h to 24h in sequence. At the 24h exposure time, X-ray

Because of excellent mechanical properties, thermal insulation and ideal radiation resistance, polyimide (PI) is one of the best choices as a flexible solar backsheet in photovoltaic systems. In this study, accumulation characteristics of surface charge of PI backsheet under temperature-controlled corona polarization were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In order to investigate the

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an electrochemical-based surface modification technique that produces oxide layers on valve metals. The PEO process is performed in an electrolyte solution, which offers the possibility of particles’ incorporation into the growing oxide layer. In this study, we employed a PEO technique on a commercial Al alloy in an aqueous suspension of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)

The influences of Ar+ energy and low-energy sputtering on the structure of Cu–W thin film prepared by double-ion-beam sputtering are studied. Results show that the Cu–W thin film sputtered by ion beam onto a Cu substrate is in the form of an amorphous tungsten framework mechanically mixed with Cu grains when the Cu-target Ar+ energy is within 1–2keV and the W-target Ar+ energy is 3keV. The Cu grain

The pure iron and aluminum powders were milled with 3wt.% and 7wt.% of alumina nanoparticles in planetary ball mill in order to produce iron aluminide by mechanical alloying technique. The resulting powder mixture was sintered after the formation of iron aluminide by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method to achieve specimens with the highest densification. SPS technique was utilized on specimens under

Recently, Co(OH)2 has gained much attention as a promising electrocatalyst. Herein, we synthesized Co(OH)2-decorated TiO2 film for electrocatalytic water splitting by a facile and low-cost electrochemistry method, which possessed enhanced performance for oxygen evolution reaction. The results of X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron

In this paper, graphene nanosheets were used to detect ammonia gas (NH3). Graphene dispersion was drop cast on special ceramic substrate to fabricate the gas sensor. The measurements were based on measuring the resistance before and after the gas exposure. A considerable increase in the resistance after gas exposure was found. Resistance increased from 1.4kΩ to 1.8kΩ just in less than 3s. Recovery

With the miniaturization of electronic products, the portability and the critical need of clean energy for environment have led to the development of lead-free electroceramics. In this work, lead-free dielectric ceramics of 0.94Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–0.06BaTiO3 (NBT–0.06BT) are synthesized by wet solid-phase method. The effects of calcination temperature on phase structure, morphology, densification behavior

A reinforced concrete frame with masonry wall infill, “framed-brick work”, is a composite basic structure demonstrated to be feasible and effective on account of in-plane smooth excitations. Numerous models have been proposed for simulation of the behavior of masonry infills. The act of utilizing infill walls has been under investigation as it has both positive and negative impacts on the behavior

The need of engineered materials with high strength to weight ratio was instrumental for the development of a novel magnesium metal–metal composite with the addition of titanium (reinforcement) and aluminum (alloying element) through disintegrated melt deposition technique. The X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy analysis used to explore the metallurgical insights of the developed

The selection of appropriate drilling parameters is essential for improving productivity and part quality, therefore, this work mainly concentrates on the investigation of drilling time, burr height, burr thickness, roundness and surface roughness. The drilling experiments were carried out on Magnesium (Mg) AZ91 with High Speed Steel (HSS) tool using the Vertical Milling Machine (VMM). The parameters

In this work, SiC/TaxC bilayer coatings were prepared on stainless steel surface by double glow plasma surface alloying technique to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of the substrate. The effect of reaction temperature during the growth of SiC on the microstructure and property of the coating was investigated. The results showed that the surface topography of the coating could be regulated

In this paper, formation of defects/defect clusters in nickel nanowires (Ni-NWs) due to interaction of a 60 kilo-electron-volt (keV) beam of proton (H+) ions is studied. Ni-NWs are exposed to various fluencies of H+ ions ranging between 1.5×1015 and 1.5×1017ions/cm2. The analysis of pristine and H+ ion-irradiated Ni-NWs samples is mainly done using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction

A method of modifying calcium carbonate particles was investigated by coating sodium stearate or sodium oleate on the surface of calcium carbonate by wet method. The results of FTIR, activation and dispersion index, dispersity in kerosene, surface wettability tests and zeta potential tests show that sodium stearate or sodium oleate has successfully coated on the surfaces of calcium carbonate. The main

Combined plasma nitriding and surface texturing approach were conducted on 316 stainless steel to enhance the tribological performance. Five different surfaces (316 substrates, plasma-nitrided 316, surface-textured 316, plasma-nitrided surface-textured 316, and surface-textured plasma-nitrided 316) were investigated. The tribological behaviors were studied using a ball-on-disk rotary tribometer against

The amorphous phase (AP) and nanocrystalline particle (NP)-reinforced composite coating was fabricated by laser cladding (LC) of the Ni45-WC mixed powders on the 304 stainless steel. An LC technique favored APs as well as NPs to be formed due to their rapid cooling and solidification characteristics, so the wear resistance of the Ni-base coating was improved. Microstructures and wear resistance of

Hot impinging air jets are usually used to increase heat and mass transfer. The dehydration of materials is a procedure of common significance in the chemical processes, forensic science and food industries; in the fabrication of paper, plastics and textiles as well. Effective drying of thin ink films is becoming progressively significant in the quickly development printing, packaging and coating industries

The various levels (5%, 10% and 15%) of Cu-doped TiO2 thin films were grown on the n-type silicon (Si) wafer by spin coating technique to obtain Al/(Cu:TiO2)/n-Si (MOS) capacitors. Both the real and imaginary components of complex dielectric (ε∗=ε′−jε′′), complex electric modulus (M∗=M′+jM′′), loss tangent (tan δ) and alternating electrical conductivity (σac) of the obtained Al/(Cu:TiO2)∕n-Si (MOS)

This paper describes about selective deposition of material for pattern generation. The process is carried out using masking technique and by deposition of constituent material of powder metallurgical (P/M) green compact tool at selected area of aluminium work surface in Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) process. The process is carried out to generate line pattern with a hard layer of tungsten and