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Advances in Managing Chytridiomycosis for Australian Frogs: Gradarius Firmus Victoria Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Lee Berger, Lee F. Skerratt, Tiffany A. Kosch, Laura A. Brannelly, Rebecca J. Webb, Anthony W. Waddle
Extensive knowledge gains from research worldwide over the 25 years since the discovery of chytridiomycosis can be used for improved management. Strategies that have saved populations in the short term and/or enabled recovery include captive breeding, translocation into disease refugia, translocation from resistant populations, disease-free exclosures, and preservation of disease refuges with connectivity
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Biology and Cultural Importance of the Narwhal Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Martin T. Nweeia
Though narwhal have survived multiple ice ages, including 2.5 Ma and the last interglacial period with warming temperatures, Arctic climate change during the Anthropocene introduces new challenges. Despite their evolutionary connection to Arctic Pleistocene fossils, narwhal archeocete ancestors from the Pliocene ( Bohaskaia monodontoides ) and Miocene ( Denebola and Odobenocetopsidae) inhabited warm
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Advocating for Generalizability: Accepting Inherent Variability in Translation of Animal Research Outcomes Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 F.C. Hankenson, E.M. Prager, B.R. Berridge
Advancing scientific discovery requires investigators to embrace research practices that increase transparency and disclosure about materials, methods, and outcomes. Several research advocacy and funding organizations have produced guidelines and recommended practices to enhance reproducibility through detailed and rigorous research approaches; however, confusion around vocabulary terms and a lack
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Illuminating the Mysteries of the Smallest Birds: Hummingbird Population Health, Disease Ecology, and Genomics Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Holly B. Ernest, Lisa A. Tell, Christine A. Bishop, Ana M. González, Emily R. Lumsdaine
Hummingbirds share biologically distinctive traits: sustained hovering flight, the smallest bird body size, and high metabolic rates fueled partially by nectar feeding that provides pollination to plant species. Being insectivorous and sometimes serving as prey to larger birds, they fulfill additional important ecological roles. Hummingbird species evolved and radiated into nearly every habitat in
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Recent Advances in Enteric Methane Mitigation and the Long Road to Sustainable Ruminant Production Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Simon Roques, Gonzalo Martinez-Fernandez, Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas, Milka Popova, Stuart Denman, Sarah J. Meale, Diego P. Morgavi
Mitigation of methane emission, a potent greenhouse gas, is a worldwide priority to limit global warming. A substantial part of anthropogenic methane is emitted by the livestock sector, as methane is a normal product of ruminant digestion. We present the latest developments and challenges ahead of the main efficient mitigation strategies of enteric methane production in ruminants. Numerous mitigation
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Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Linking Physiological Stressors to Disease Susceptibility Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Barry J. Bradford, G. Andres Contreras
The study of adipose tissue (AT) is enjoying a renaissance. White, brown, and beige adipocytes are being investigated in adult animals, and the critical roles of small depots like perivascular AT are becoming clear. But the most profound revision of the AT dogma has been its cellular composition and regulation. Single-cell transcriptomic studies revealed that adipocytes comprise well under 50% of the
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Cloning for the Twenty-First Century and Its Place in Endangered Species Conservation Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Veronica B. Cowl, Pierre Comizzoli, Ruth Appeltant, Rhiannon L. Bolton, Robert K. Browne, William V. Holt, Linda M. Penfold, Aleona Swegen, Susan L. Walker, Suzannah A. Williams
Cloning as it relates to the animal kingdom generally refers to the production of genetically identical individuals. Because cloning is increasingly the subject of renewed attention as a tool for rescuing endangered or extinct species, it seems timely to dissect the role of the numerous reproductive techniques encompassed by this term in animal species conservation. Although cloning is typically associated
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Synthetic Communities of Gut Microbes for Basic Research and Translational Approaches in Animal Health and Nutrition Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Susan A.V. Jennings, Thomas Clavel
Microbes and animals have a symbiotic relationship that greatly influences nutrient uptake and animal health. This relationship can be studied using selections of microbes termed synthetic communities, or SynComs. SynComs are used in many different animal hosts, including agricultural animals, to investigate microbial interactions with nutrients and how these affect animal health. The most common host
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Advances and Challenges in Cell Biology for Cultured Meat Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Beatriz Martins, Arthur Bister, Richard G.J. Dohmen, Maria Ana Gouveia, Rui Hueber, Lea Melzener, Tobias Messmer, Joanna Papadopoulos, Joana Pimenta, Dhruv Raina, Lieke Schaeken, Sara Shirley, Benjamin P. Bouchet, Joshua E. Flack
Cultured meat is an emerging biotechnology that aims to produce meat from animal cell culture, rather than from the raising and slaughtering of livestock, on environmental and animal welfare grounds. The detailed understanding and accurate manipulation of cell biology are critical to the design of cultured meat bioprocesses. Recent years have seen significant interest in this field, with numerous scientific
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Breeding and Selecting Corals Resilient to Global Warming Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 K.M. Quigley
Selective breeding of resilient organisms is an emerging topic in marine conservation. It can help us predict how species will adapt in the future and how we can help restore struggling populations effectively in the present. Scleractinian corals represent a potential tractable model system given their widescale phenotypic plasticity across fitness-related traits and a reproductive life history based
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Genetics and Evolution of Bird Migration Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Zhongru Gu, Andrew Dixon, Xiangjiang Zhan
Bird migration has long been a subject of fascination for humankind and is a behavior that is both intricate and multifaceted. In recent years, advances in technology, particularly in the fields of genomics and animal tracking, have enabled significant progress in our understanding of this phenomenon. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest advancements in the genetics of bird migration
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Advances in Organ and Tissue Xenotransplantation Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Asghar Ali, Elisabeth Kemter, Eckhard Wolf
End-stage organ failure can result from various preexisting conditions and occurs in patients of all ages, and organ transplantation remains its only treatment. In recent years, extensive research has been done to explore the possibility of transplanting animal organs into humans, a process referred to as xenotransplantation. Due to their matching organ sizes and other anatomical and physiological
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How Fish Population Genomics Can Promote Sustainable Fisheries: A Road Map Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Leif Andersson, Dorte Bekkevold, Florian Berg, Edward D. Farrell, Sabine Felkel, Mafalda S. Ferreira, Angela P. Fuentes-Pardo, Jake Goodall, Mats Pettersson
Maintenance of genetic diversity in marine fishes targeted by commercial fishing is a grand challenge for the future. Most of these species are abundant and therefore important for marine ecosystems and food security. Here, we present a road map of how population genomics can promote sustainable fisheries. In these species, the development of reference genomes and whole genome sequencing is key, because
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Sperm in the Mammalian Female Reproductive Tract: Surfing Through the Tract to Try to Beat the Odds Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 David J. Miller
Mammalian sperm are deposited in the vagina or the cervix/uterus at coitus or at artificial insemination, and the fertilizing sperm move through the female reproductive tract to the ampulla of the oviduct, the site of fertilization. But the destination of most sperm is not the oviduct. Most sperm are carried by retrograde fluid flow to the vagina, are phagocytosed, and/or do not pass barriers on the
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Diversity and Convergence of Sex-Determination Mechanisms in Teleost Fish Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Jun Kitano, Satoshi Ansai, Yusuke Takehana, Yoji Yamamoto
Sexual reproduction is prevalent across diverse taxa. However, sex-determination mechanisms are so diverse that even closely related species often differ in sex-determination systems. Teleost fish is a taxonomic group with frequent turnovers of sex-determining mechanisms and thus provides us with great opportunities to investigate the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the turnover of
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Conservation Genomics and Metagenomics of Giant and Red Pandas in the Wild Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Yisi Hu, Yibo Hu, Wenliang Zhou, Fuwen Wei
Giant pandas and red pandas are endangered species with similar specialized bamboo diet and partial sympatric distribution in China. Over the last two decades, the rapid development of genomics and metagenomics research on these species has enriched our knowledge of their biology, ecology, physiology, genetics, and evolution, which is crucial and useful for their conservation. We describe the evolutionary
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How Can Genomics Help or Hinder Wildlife Conservation? Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Thomas L. Schmidt, Joshua A. Thia, Ary A. Hoffmann
Genomic data are becoming increasingly affordable and easy to collect, and new tools for their analysis are appearing rapidly. Conservation biologists are interested in using this information to assist in management and planning but are typically limited financially and by the lack of genomic resources available for non-model taxa. It is therefore important to be aware of the pitfalls as well as the
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The Distinctive Biology and Characteristics of the Bare-Nosed Wombat (Vombatus ursinus) Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Scott Carver, Georgia L. Stannard, Alynn M. Martin
The bare-nosed wombat is an iconic Australian fauna with remarkable biological characteristics and mythology. This solitary, muscular, fossorial, herbivorous marsupial from southeast Australia has continent and continental island subspeciation. Vombatiformes also contains hairy-nosed wombats ( Lasiorhinus spp.); koala ( Phascolarctos cinereus); and extinct megafauna, Phascolonus gigas (giant wombat)
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Extensive Recoding of the Neural Proteome in Cephalopods by RNA Editing Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Joshua J.C. Rosenthal, Eli Eisenberg
The coleoid cephalopods have the largest brains, and display the most complex behaviors, of all invertebrates. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie these remarkable advancements remain largely unexplored. Early molecular cloning studies of squid ion channel transcripts uncovered an unusually large number of A→I RNA editing sites that recoded codons. Further cloning of other neural transcripts
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Animal Models, Zoonotic Reservoirs, and Cross-Species Transmission of Emerging Human-Infecting Coronaviruses Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Yakhouba Kane, Gary Wong, George F. Gao
Over the past three decades, coronavirus (CoV) diseases have impacted humans more than any other emerging infectious disease. The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), has resulted in huge economic disruptions and loss of human lives. The SARS-CoV-2 genome was found to mutate more rapidly due to
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A Review of Indigenous Perspectives in Animal Biosciences Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Kelsey Dayle John, Gilbert H. John
This article addresses the underrepresentation of Indigenous perspectives in animal sciences by challenging the exclusive use of Western scientific paradigms in research and education. Because of the systematic exclusion of Indigenous peoples, Indigenous perspectives have rarely been represented through empirical study, leading us to believe this is a key reason for the underrepresentation of Native
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Domestic Animals as Potential Reservoirs of Zoonotic Viral Diseases Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Oyewale Tomori, Daniel O. Oluwayelu
Zoonoses are diseases and infections naturally transmitted between humans and vertebrate animals. Over the years, zoonoses have become increasingly significant threats to global health. They form the dominant group of diseases among the emerging infectious diseases (EID) and currently account for 73% of EID. Approximately 25% of zoonoses originate in domestic animals. The etiological agents of zoonoses
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Biologging and Biotelemetry: Tools for Understanding the Lives and Environments of Marine Animals Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Yannis P. Papastamatiou
Addressing important questions in animal ecology, physiology, and environmental science often requires in situ information from wild animals. This difficulty is being overcome by biologging and biotelemetry, or the use of miniaturized animal-borne sensors. Although early studies recorded only simple parameters of animal movement, advanced devices and analytical methods can now provide rich information
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Poaching Forensics: Animal Victims in the Courtroom Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Cindy K. Harper
Poaching and the international trade in wildlife are escalating problems driven by poverty and greed and coordinated by increasingly sophisticated criminal networks. Biodiversity loss, caused by habitat change, is exacerbated by poaching, and species globally are facing extinction. Forensic evidence underpins human and animal criminal investigations and is critical in criminal prosecution and conviction
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Scientific Validation of Cannabidiol for Management of Dog and Cat Diseases Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2023-02-15 Isabella Corsato Alvarenga, Kiran S. Panickar, Hannah Hess, Stephanie McGrath
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid of the plant Cannabis sativa L. CBD is increasingly being explored as an alternative to conventional therapies to treat health disorders in dogs and cats. Mechanisms of action of CBD have been investigated mostly in rodents and in vitro and include modulation of CB1, CB2, 5-HT, GPR, and opioid receptors. In companion animals, CBD appears to have
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Evolution of Vertebrate Hormones and Their Receptors: Insights from Non-Osteichthyan Genomes Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-18 Shigehiro Kuraku, Hiroyuki Kaiya, Tomohiro Tanaka, Susumu Hyodo
Homeostatic control and reproductive functions of humans are regulated at the molecular levels largely by peptide hormones secreted from endocrine and/or neuroendocrine cells in the central nervous system and peripheral organs. Homologs of those hormones and their receptors function similarly in many vertebrate species distantly related to humans, but the evolutionary history of the endocrine system
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Population Genomics for Insect Conservation Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-14 Matthew T. Webster, Alexis Beaurepaire, Peter Neumann, Eckart Stolle
Insects constitute vital components of ecosystems. There is alarming evidence for global declines in insect species diversity, abundance, and biomass caused by anthropogenic drivers such as habitat degradation or loss, agricultural practices, climate change, and environmental pollution. This raises important concerns about human food security and ecosystem functionality and calls for more research
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Deleterious Variation in Natural Populations and Implications for Conservation Genetics Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-04 Jacqueline Robinson, Christopher C. Kyriazis, Stella C. Yuan, Kirk E. Lohmueller
Deleterious mutations decrease reproductive fitness and are ubiquitous in genomes. Given that many organisms face ongoing threats of extinction, there is interest in elucidating the impact of deleterious variation on extinction risk and optimizing management strategies accounting for such mutations. Quantifying deleterious variation and understanding the effects of population history on deleterious
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Identification of Genetic Risk Factors for Monogenic and Complex Canine Diseases Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-02 Tosso Leeb, Danika Bannasch, Jeffrey J. Schoenebeck
Advances in DNA sequencing and other technologies have greatly facilitated the identification of genetic risk factors for inherited diseases in dogs. We review recent technological developments based on selected examples from canine disease genetics. The identification of disease-causing variants in dogs with monogenic diseases may become a widely employed diagnostic approach in clinical veterinary
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The Naked Mole-Rat as a Model for Healthy Aging Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-11-01 Kaori Oka, Masanori Yamakawa, Yoshimi Kawamura, Nobuyuki Kutsukake, Kyoko Miura
Naked mole-rats (NMRs, Heterocephalus glaber) are the longest-lived rodents with a maximum life span exceeding 37 years. They exhibit a delayed aging phenotype and resistance to age-related functional decline/diseases. Specifically, they do not display increased mortality with age, maintain several physiological functions until nearly the end of their lifetime, and rarely develop cancer and Alzheimer's
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Interrogating the Roles of Mutation–Selection Balance, Heterozygote Advantage, and Linked Selection in Maintaining Recessive Lethal Variation in Natural Populations Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-31 Sarah B. Marion, Mohamed A.F. Noor
For nearly a century, evolutionary biologists have observed chromosomes that cause lethality when made homozygous persisting at surprisingly high frequencies (>25%) in natural populations of many species. The evolutionary forces responsible for the maintenance of such detrimental mutations have been heavily debated—are some lethal mutations under balancing selection? We suggest that mutation–selection
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The Role of Zoos and Aquariums in a Changing World Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-10-21 Rafael Miranda, Nora Escribano, María Casas, Andrea Pino-del-Carpio, Ana Villarroya
Zoos and aquariums have evolved significantly. From their origins as enclosures for the mere entertainment of the public, these institutions have undertaken new functions responding to the biodiversity crisis and social demands. Modern zoos and aquariums have the opportunity to educate people, contribute to species conservation, and produce animal-related research. However, there is increasing criticism
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The Biology and Evolution of Fierce Females (Moles and Hyenas) Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-09-21 Rafael Jiménez, Miguel Burgos, Francisco J. Barrionuevo
Talpid moles and spotted hyenas have become the paradigms of anatomical and behavioral female masculinization. Females of many mole species develop ovotestes that produce testosterone, show external genitalia that resemble that of males, and close their vaginal orifice after every estrus, and female spotted hyenas lack an external vaginal orifice and develop a pseudoscrotum and a large pseudopenis
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Opportunities and Limitations for Reproductive Science in Species Conservation Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 William V. Holt, Pierre Comizzoli
Reproductive science in the context of conservation biology is often understood solely in terms of breeding threatened species. Although technologies developed primarily for agriculture or biomedicine have a potentially important role in species conservation, their effectiveness is limited if we regard the main objective of animal conservation as helping to support populations rather than to breed
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Recent Progress in Spermatology Contributing to the Knowledge and Conservation of Rare and Endangered Species Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Pierre Comizzoli, William V. Holt
There is a remarkable diversity in the animal kingdom regarding mechanisms underlying the production, maturation, structure, and function of sperm cells. Spermatology studies contribute to the knowledge of species diversity and also provide information about individual or population fitness. Furthermore, this fundamental research is required before collected spermatozoa can be used for conservation
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Dog Models of Aging Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Audrey Ruple, Evan MacLean, Noah Snyder-Mackler, Kate E. Creevy, Daniel Promislow
As the most phenotypically diverse mammalian species that shares human environments and access to sophisticated healthcare, domestic dogs have unique potential to inform our understanding of the determinants of aging. Here we outline key concepts in the study of aging and illustrate the value of research with dogs, which can improve dog health and support translational discoveries. We consider similarities
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Potential Applications and Perspectives of Humanized Mouse Models Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Weijian Ye, Qingfeng Chen
As medical and pharmacological technology advances, new and complex modalities of disease treatment that are more personalized and targeted are being developed. Often these modalities must be validated in the presence of critical components of the human biological system. Given the incongruencies between murine and human biology, as well as the human-tropism of certain drugs and pathogens, the selection
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Salmonella in Swine: Prevalence, Multidrug Resistance, and Vaccination Strategies Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Shawn M.D. Bearson
An estimated 1.3 million Salmonella infections and 420 deaths occur annually in the United States, with an estimated economic burden of $3.7 billion. More than 50% of US swine operations test positive for Salmonella according to the National Animal Health Monitoring System, and 20% of Salmonella from swine are multidrug resistant (resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) as reported by the National Antimicrobial
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Local and Systemic T Cell Immunity in Fighting Pig Viral and Bacterial Infections Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Wilhelm Gerner, Kerstin H. Mair, Selma Schmidt
T cells are an essential component of the adaptive immune system. Over the last 15 years, a constantly growing toolbox with which to study T cell biology in pigs has allowed detailed investigations on these cells in various viral and bacterial infections. This review provides an overview on porcine CD4, CD8, and γδ T cells and the current knowledge on the differentiation of these cells following antigen
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Chagas Disease Ecology in the United States: Recent Advances in Understanding Trypanosoma cruzi Transmission Among Triatomines, Wildlife, and Domestic Animals and a Quantitative Synthesis of Vector–Host Interactions Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Rachel E. Busselman, Sarah A. Hamer
Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease present in the Americas, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is transmitted by triatomine kissing bug vectors. Hundreds of vertebrate host species are involved in the ecology of Chagas disease. The sylvatic nature of most triatomines found in the United States accounts for high levels of animal infections but few reports of human infections.
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Therapeutic Potential of In Vitro–Derived Oocytes for the Restoration and Treatment of Female Fertility Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Helen M. Picton
Considerable progress has been made with the development of culture systems for the in vitro growth and maturation (IVGM) of oocytes from the earliest-staged primordial follicles and from the more advanced secondary follicles in rodents, ruminants, nonhuman primates, and humans. Successful oocyte production in vitro depends on the development of a dynamic culture strategy that replicates the follicular
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The Coevolution of Placentation and Cancer Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Günter P. Wagner, Kshitiz, Anasuya Dighe, Andre Levchenko
Analogies between placentation, in particular the behavior of trophoblast cells, and cancer have been noted since the beginning of the twentieth century. To what degree these can be explained as a consequence of the evolution of placentation has been unclear. In this review, we conclude that many similarities between trophoblast and cancer cells are shared with other, phylogenetically older processes
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Global Strategies to Minimize Environmental Impacts of Ruminant Production Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Yuanyuan Du, Ying Ge, Jie Chang
Demand for ruminant products (dairy products, beef, and sheep meat) is increasing rapidly with population and income growth and the acceleration of urbanization. However, ruminant animals exert the highest environmental impacts and consume the most resources in the livestock system. Increasing studies have focused on various measures to reduce ammonia, greenhouse gas emissions, and resource depletion
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Concepts and Consequences of a Core Gut Microbiota for Animal Growth and Development Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Daphne Perlman, Marina Martínez-Álvaro, Sarah Moraïs, Ianina Altshuler, Live H. Hagen, Elie Jami, Rainer Roehe, Phillip B. Pope, Itzhak Mizrahi
Animal microbiomes are occasionally considered as an extension of host anatomy, physiology, and even their genomic architecture. Their compositions encompass variable and constant portions when examined across multiple hosts. The latter, termed the core microbiome, is viewed as more accommodated to its host environment and suggested to benefit host fitness. Nevertheless, discrepancies in its definitions
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Microbiomes and Obligate Symbiosis of Deep-Sea Animals Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Eslam O. Osman, Alexis M. Weinnig
Microbial communities associated with deep-sea animals are critical to the establishment of novel biological communities in unusual environments. Over the past few decades, rapid exploration of the deep sea has enabled the discovery of novel microbial communities, some of which form symbiotic relationships with animal hosts. Symbiosis in the deep sea changes host physiology, behavior, ecology, and
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Genetics of Thoroughbred Racehorse Performance Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Ernest Bailey, Jessica L. Petersen, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch
Thoroughbred horses have been selected for racing performance for more than 400 years. Despite continued selection, race times have not improved significantly during the past 60 years, raising the question of whether genetic variation for racing performance still exists. Studies using phenotypes such as race time, money earned, and handicapping, however, demonstrate that there is extensive variation
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Neuroendocrine Control of Reproduction in Teleost Fish: Concepts and Controversies Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Vance L. Trudeau
During the teleost radiation, extensive development of the direct innervation mode of hypothalamo-pituitary communication was accompanied by loss of the median eminence typical of mammals. Cells secreting follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone cells are directly innervated, distinct populations in the anterior pituitary. So far, ∼20 stimulatory and ∼10 inhibitory neuropeptides, 3 amines
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Genetic Causes and Consequences of Sympatric Morph Divergence in Salmonidae: A Search for Mechanisms Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 S.J. Salisbury, D.E. Ruzzante
Repeatedly and recently evolved sympatric morphs exhibiting consistent phenotypic differences provide natural experimental replicates of speciation. Because such morphs are observed frequently in Salmonidae, this clade provides a rare opportunity to uncover the genomic mechanisms underpinning speciation. Such insight is also critical for conserving salmonid diversity, the loss of which could have significant
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Adaptations and Diversity of Antarctic Fishes: A Genomic Perspective Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Jacob M. Daane, H. William Detrich III
Antarctic notothenioid fishes are the classic example of vertebrate adaptive radiation in a marine environment. Notothenioids diversified from a single common ancestor ∼22 Mya to between 120 and 140 species today, and they represent ∼90% of fish biomass on the continental shelf of Antarctica. As they diversified in the cold Southern Ocean, notothenioids evolved numerous traits, including osteopenia
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Translating Basic Research to Animal Agriculture Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 George E. Seidel, Jr.
Procedures to maintain viability of mammalian gametes and embryos in vitro, including cryopreservation, have been exceedingly valuable for my research over the past 55 years. Keeping sperm viable in vitro enables artificial insemination, which, when combined with selective breeding, often is the most effective approach to making rapid genetic change in a population. Superovulation and embryo transfer
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Nonhuman Primates in Translational Research Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Alice F. Tarantal, Stephen C. Noctor, Dennis J. Hartigan-O'Connor
Nonhuman primates are critically important animal models in which to study complex human diseases, understand biological functions, and address the safety of new diagnostics and therapies proposed for human use. They have genetic, physiologic, immunologic, and developmental similarities when compared to humans and therefore provide important preclinical models of human health and disease. This review
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Bluetongue Research at a Crossroads: Modern Genomics Tools Can Pave the Way to New Insights Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Jennifer Kopanke, Molly Carpenter, Justin Lee, Kirsten Reed, Case Rodgers, Mollie Burton, Kierra Lovett, Joseph A. Westrich, Erin McNulty, Emily McDermott, Carly Barbera, Sean Cavany, Jason R. Rohr, T. Alex Perkins, Candace K. Mathiason, Mark Stenglein, Christie Mayo
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne, segmented double-stranded RNA virus that can cause severe disease in both wild and domestic ruminants. BTV evolves via several key mechanisms, including the accumulation of mutations over time and the reassortment of genome segments.Additionally, BTV must maintain fitness in two disparate hosts, the insect vector and the ruminant. The specific features
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Ovarian Cancer: Applications of Chickens to Humans Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Animesh Barua, Janice M. Bahr
The lack of preclinical models of spontaneous ovarian cancer (OVCA), a fatal gynecological malignancy, is a significant barrier to generating information on early changes indicative of OVCA. In contrast to rodents, laying hens develop OVCA spontaneously, with remarkable similarities to OVCA in women regarding tumor histology, OVCA dissemination, immune responses, and risk factors. These important features
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Host Genetic Determinants of the Microbiome Across Animals: From Caenorhabditis elegans to Cattle Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Erica P. Ryu, Emily R. Davenport
Animals harbor diverse communities of microbes within their gastrointestinal tracts. Phylogenetic relationship, diet, gut morphology, host physiology, and ecology all influence microbiome composition within and between animal clades. Emerging evidence points to host genetics as also playing a role in determining gut microbial composition within species. Here, we discuss recent advances in the study
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Toxic Relationships and Arms-Race Coevolution Revisited Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 G.M. Bucciarelli, Farid Alsalek, L.B. Kats, D.B. Green, H.B. Shaffer
Toxin evolution in animals is one of the most fascinating and complex subjects of scientific inquiry today. Gaining an understanding of toxins poses a multifaceted challenge given the diverse modes of acquisition, evolutionary adaptations, and abiotic components that affect toxin phenotypes. Here, we highlight some of the main genetic and ecological factors that influence toxin evolution and discuss
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Examples of Extreme Survival: Tardigrade Genomics and Molecular Anhydrobiology Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2022-02-15 Kazuharu Arakawa
Tardigrades are ubiquitous meiofauna that are especially renowned for their exceptional extremotolerance to various adverse environments, including pressure, temperature, and even ionizing radiation. This is achieved through a reversible halt of metabolism triggered by desiccation, a phenomenon called anhydrobiosis. Recent establishment of genome resources for two tardigrades, Hypsibius exemplaris
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Genetic Engineering of Livestock: The Opportunity Cost of Regulatory Delay Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Alison L. Van Eenennaam, Felipe De Figueiredo Silva, Josephine F. Trott, David Zilberman
Genetically engineered (GE) livestock were first reported in 1985, and yet only a single GE food animal, the fast-growing AquAdvantage salmon, has been commercialized. There are myriad interconnected reasons for the slow progress in this once-promising field, including technical issues, the structure of livestock industries, lack of public research funding and investment, regulatory obstacles, and
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Bacteriome Structure, Function, and Probiotics in Fish Larviculture: The Good, the Bad, and the Gaps Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Nuno Borges, Tina Keller-Costa, Gracinda M.M. Sanches-Fernandes, António Louvado, Newton C.M. Gomes, Rodrigo Costa
Aquaculture is the fastest-growing sector in food production worldwide. For decades, research on animal physiology, nutrition, and behavior established the foundations of best practices in land-based fish rearing and disease control. Current DNA sequencing, bioinformatics, and data science technologies now allow deep investigations of host-associated microbiomes in a tractable fashion. Adequate use
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Applications of Nanobodies Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Serge Muyldermans
Unique, functional, homodimeric heavy chain–only antibodies, devoid of light chains, are circulating in the blood of Camelidae. These antibodies recognize their cognate antigen via one single domain, known as VHH or Nanobody. This serendipitous discovery made three decades ago has stimulated a growing number of researchers to generate highly specific Nanobodies against a myriad of targets. The small
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Strategies to Improve Poultry Food Safety, a Landscape Review Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci. (IF 12.0) Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Steven C. Ricke
Food safety remains a significant public health issue for the poultry industry. Foodborne pathogens can be in contact at all phases of poultry production, from initial hatch to processing and ultimately to retail and meal preparation. Salmonella and Campylobacter have been considered the primary foodborne pathogens associated with poultry. Both organisms are major causative agents of human foodborne