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Determinants of health-related quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes and multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Kyriakos Kintzoglanakis, Leonidas Pavlou-Skantzis, Tatiana Themeli, Miltiades Kyprianou, Stavroula A. Paschou
Purpose To examine the determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with type 2 diabetes (PwD) and multimorbidity (MM) (at least one co-occurring condition besides T2D) among sociodemographic, disease-related, and MM variables and the association of MM with therapeutic targets. Methods A total of 179 PwD attending primary care (PC) in Greece answered the 15 dimension HRQoL (15D)
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Anabolic myokine responses and muscular performance following 8 weeks of autoregulated compared to linear resistance exercise in recreationally active males Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Hamid Ghobadi, Seyyed Reza Attarzadeh Hosseini, Amir Rashidlamir, Gholam Rasul Mohammad Rahimi
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Animal studies on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and related polyagonists in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Chara Tsiampali, Ilias D. Vachliotis, Antonis Goulas, Stergios A. Polyzos
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Spontaneous hypoglycemia: should we mind the gap? Long-term follow-up of healthy people who met Whipple’s triad criteria Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Jan Adelmeyer, Christian Marcel Schauer, Peter Herbert Kann
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone levels are associated with estradiol levels and impact reproductive outcomes in preconceptionally euthyroid women undergoing their first IVF/ICSI cycles Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-06
Abstract Purpose Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) has been reported to affect thyroid function; however, the impact of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels during COH on embryo development and early reproductive outcomes has largely not been determined. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether TSH levels are associated with COH and impact early reproductive outcomes
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Priorities for efficacy trials of gender-affirming hormone therapy with estrogen: collaborative design and results of a community survey Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Shira Grock, Jane Weinreb, Kristen C. Williams, Amy Weimer, Sarah Fadich, Reema Patel, Atara Geft, Stanley Korenman
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HNF1A gene mutations and premature ovarian failure (POF): evidence from a clinical paradigm combining MODY 3 and POF Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 P. Xekouki, A. Konstantinidou, C. Tatsi, A. Sertedaki, N. Settas, D. Loutradis, G. P. Chrousos, C. Kanaka-Gantenbein, C. Dacou-Voutetakis, A. Voutetakis
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Effects of letrozole alone or in combination with gonadotropins on ovulation induction and clinical pregnancy in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-27 Saeed Baradwan, Faisal Al-Shalhoub, Majed Saeed Alshahrani, Samah Himayda, Rayan AlSghan, Hussein Sabban, Inass Hassan Ahmad, Marwa Fekry Mohamed El Sayed, Entesar Omar Mohamad, Abdulhadi A. AlAmodi, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelhakim, Kareem Shaheen
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Body composition changes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after iodine-131 treatment and short-term levothyroxine replacement and suppression therapy Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-26
Abstract Purpose The purposes of this study were to assess the changes in body composition in patients who underwent thyroidectomy due to differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) and short-term levothyroxine (LT4) supplementation and to explore the correlations between body composition distribution and corresponding blood indices. Methods Fifty-seven thyroidectomized
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Antiosteoporosis therapy after discontinuation of menopausal hormone therapy: a systematic review Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-18 Panagiotis Anagnostis, Efstathios Divaris, Julia Κ. Bosdou, Symeon Tournis, Konstantinos Stathopoulos, Dimitrios G. Goulis
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How does exosome cause diabetes? Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-17
Abstract Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that are widely distributed in multiple cell types and circulating body fluids. They have a specific effect on the target cells by releasing different vesicle contents. They have recently been recognized as important means of intercellular communication, being involved, for example, in the development of diabetes by increasing β-cell apoptosis, activating
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Poseidon and Caeneus: a case of pubertal gender inversion in Greek mythology Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-16
Abstract Disorders of sex development (DSDs) are very frequently encountered in ancient Greek mythology. One of the most striking types of DSD described in many myths is gender transformation wherein a female becomes a male or vice versa. Herein, we present via the marvelous myth of Poseidon and Caeneus a case of pubertal gender inversion. A medical interpretation of the myth whereby we attempt to
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Analytical performance of free testosterone calculated by direct immunoluminometric method compared with the Vermeulen equation: results from a clinical series Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Cristina Dalmiglio, Alessio Bombardieri, Elisa Mattii, Fausta Sestini, Carla Fioravanti, Maria Grazia Castagna, Marcello Fiorini, Francesco Dotta, Silvia Cantara
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Τhe story of sclerostin inhibition: the past, the present, and the future Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-03
Abstract Sclerostin inhibits osteoblast activity by hampering activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and simultaneously stimulates osteoclastogenesis through upregulation of the receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL). Thus, antibodies against sclerostin (Scl-Abs), besides promoting bone formation, suppress bone resorption and dissociate bone formation from resorption. This dual action
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Predictors of the clinical severity of T1DM presentation at diagnosis in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-27 Kyriaki Karavanaki, Anastasia Korona, Spyridon Karanasios, Lydia Kossiva
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Comparison of clinical characteristics of a pediatric cohort with combined pituitary hormone deficiency caused by mutation of the PROP1 gene or of other origins Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-26
Abstract The most commonly identified genetic cause of combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) is PROP1 gene mutations. The aim of the study was to compare selected clinical features of patients with CPHD caused by variants of the PROP1 gene (CPHD-PROP1) and patients with inborn CPHD of other etiology (CPHD-nonPROP1). Material and methods The retrospective analysis included childhood medical records
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Anti-Müllerian hormone: a novel biomarker for aggressive prostate cancer? Emerging evidence from a prospective study of radical prostatectomies Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Stavros Kontogiannis, Georgios Markantes, Maria Stamou, Michail Tsagkarakis, Irini Mamali, Konstantinos Giannitsas, Petros Perimenis, Neoklis Georgopoulos, Anastasios Athanasopoulos
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Sex-dependent impact of obesity on aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Xiu Huang, Yali Han, Jie Yang, Le Bu, Xiaoyun Cheng, Xiaojuan Zha, Haibing Chen, Yueye Huang, Shen Qu
Purpose To investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods A total of 1720 PTC patients with total thyroidectomy or lobectomy, from January 2017 to April 2020, were retrospectively evaluated. Based on BMI, they were divided into two groups, as follows: control (CON, < 24 kg/m2) and overweight and obesity (OB, ≥ 24 kg/m2), each sex being
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Contraception as chemoprevention of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 women Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-19
Abstract Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women in the world, with an estimated worldwide mortality of over 207′000 women every year. This cancer, due to the current lack of adequate screening techniques, is commonly diagnosed late and has a poor prognosis. The oral contraceptive pill is considered the most effective prevention strategy for ovarian cancer in the general population
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Endocrinopathies in beta thalassemia: a narrative review Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-16 Theodora-Maria Venou, Fani Barmpageorgopoulou, Melpomeni Peppa, Efthimia Vlachaki
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Incidental thyroid nodules on COVID-19-related thoracic tomography scans: a giant cohort Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-16 Burcak Cavnar Helvacı, Didem Ozdemir, Kubra Turan, Caglar Keskin, Narin Nasiroglu İmga, Ahmet Dirikoc, Oya Topaloglu, Reyhan Ersoy, Bekir Cakir
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Association of serum testosterone with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a nationally representative sample of White, Black, and Hispanic men Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-08 Samuel V. David, Derrick Gibson, Alejandro Villasante-Tezanos, Laith Alzweri, Jesus Gibran Hernández-Pérez, Luisa Elvira Torres-Sánchez, Jacques Baillargeon, David S. Lopez
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Genetics of hereditary forms of primary hyperparathyroidism Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Katherine A. English, Kate E. Lines, Rajesh V. Thakker
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Using music to soothe our patients, measuring hair cortisol, and machine learning in diabetes: Prof. Batrinos would have been very happy! Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Constantine A Stratakis
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Basal or stimulated thyroglobulin in evaluating response to treatment in papillary thyroid carcinoma? A retrospective cohort study Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Leticia Barreto, Deborah Cristina Goulart Ferreira, José Eduardo Corrente, Carlos Segundo Paiva Soares, Cristiano Claudino Oliveira, Simone Antunes Terra, Sonia Marta Moriguchi, Katia Hiromoto Koga, José Vicente Tagliarini, Gláucia Maria Ferreira da Silva Mazeto
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A prospective study on endocrine function in patients with long-COVID symptoms Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Panagiotis Mourelatos, Charikleia S. Vrettou, Aristidis Diamantopoulos, Alice G. Vassiliou, Edison Jahaj, Anna Angelousi, Maria Pratikaki, Paraskevi Katsaounou, Anastasia Kotanidou, Dimitra A. Vassiliadi, Ioanna Dimopoulou
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PCSK9 and leptin plasma levels in anorexia nervosa Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Federico Bigazzi, Carlotta Francesca De Pasquale, Sandra Maestro, Carmen Corciulo, Beatrice Dal Pino, Francesco Sbrana, Tiziana Sampietro
Aim Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a regulator of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), a major risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Since the hormone leptin has been suggested as having a role in CV risk regulation, possibly by modulating LDL receptor expression through the PCSK9 pathway, nutritional status may represent a potential regulator. Thus, evaluation
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A novel MAMLD1 variant in a newborn with hypospadias and elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-24 Juanjuan Wang, Yafeng Sun, Qian Deng, Xin Wang, Wenjuan Cai, Yuqing Chen
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The effect of testosterone level on metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Sercan Gucenmez, Pinar Yildiz, Omer Donderici, Rustu Serter
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) may reduce circulating testosterone and, at the same time, low testosterone levels may lead to MS. Thus, identifying problems regarding sex hormones and examining their effects on the pathogenesis of MS is important to prevent serious complications of the condition, such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases. Aims This study aimed to investigate the correlations
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Assessment of osteoprotegerin and RANKL levels and several cardiovascular risk scoring systems in acromegaly Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Gokcen Unal Kocabas, Banu Sarer Yurekli, Ilgin Yildirim Simsir, Su Ozgur, Murat Aksit, Giray Bozkaya
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The neurohypophyseal hormone oxytocin and eating behaviors: a narrative review Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-18 Michele Iovino, Tullio Messana, Simonetta Marucci, Domenico Triggiani, Vito Angelo Giagulli, Edoardo Guastamacchia, Giuseppina Piazzolla, Giovanni De Pergola, Giuseppe Lisco, Vincenzo Triggiani
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease test: an external validation cohort Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Stergios A. Polyzos, Apostolis Papaefthymiou, Michael Doulberis, Jannis Kountouras
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Quantification of overnight urinary gonadotropin excretion predicts imminent puberty in girls: a semi-longitudinal study Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 And Demir, Atilla Büyükgebiz, Adem Aydin, Matti Hero
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Final height in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Silva Hovsepian, Rojin Chegini, Tahereh Alinia, Hooria Seyedhosseini Ghaheh, Rasool Nouri, Mahin Hashemipour
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Understanding the clinical and molecular basis of thyroid orbitopathy: a review of recent evidence Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Pratheeba Devi Nivean, Nivean Madhivanan, Govindasamy Kumaramanikavel, Tos T. J. M. Berendschot, Carroll A. B. Webers, Dion Paridaens
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune orbital inflammatory disease which ranges from mild to severe. Tissue remodeling, fibrosis and fat proliferation cause changes in the orbital tissues which can affect esthetics and visual function. In its severe form, it is sight threatening, debilitating, and disfiguring and may lead to social stigma, the embarrassment about which has an impact on the quality
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Gestational weight gain in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is related to both general and diabetes-related clinical characteristics Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Xinglei Xie, Jiaming Liu, Apolonia García-Patterson, Ana Chico, Manel Mateu-Salat, Judit Amigó, Juan María Adelantado, Rosa Corcoy
Purpose To assess predictors of gestational weight gain (GWG), according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009, in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary center. GWG based on the IOM was assessed both uncorrected and corrected for gestational age. General and diabetes-related clinical characteristics were analyzed as predictors
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Effects of block-replace regimen in patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism converted to Graves’ disease Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Ana-Maria Stancu, Daniela Alexandrescu, Corin Badiu
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Insulin-sensitizing agents for infertility treatment in woman with polycystic ovary syndrome: a narrative review of current clinical practice Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Radmila Sparić, Mladen Andjić, Aleksandar Rakić, Jelica Bjekić-Macut, Sarantis Livadas, Olivera Kontić-Vučinić, George Mastorakos, Djuro Macut
Purpose Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine, metabolic, and reproductive disorder which, according to the Rotterdam criteria, affects up to 24% of women of childbearing age. Although the prevalence of infertility in this subpopulation of women is high, the optimal treatment has not been fully established yet. Insulin resistance is considered to be an important mechanism involved in the
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Hair cortisol and endocannabinoid measurement in patients with adrenal incidentalomas: a case–control study Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Chrysoula Mytareli, Fani Athanasouli, Evangelia Andreadaki, Foteini Thanasoula, Anna Angelousi
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Comparative efficacy of glucose-lowering drugs on liver steatosis as assessed by means of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and network meta-analysis Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Konstantinos Malandris, Stylianos Papandreou, Ioannis Avgerinos, Thomas Karagiannis, Paschalis Paschos, Theodoros Michailidis, Aris Liakos, Eleni Bekiari, Emmanouil Sinakos, Apostolos Tsapas
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Comparison of treatment with insulin detemir and NPH in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes. A retrospective study Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Paraskevi Kazakou, Stavroula A. Paschou, Marina Mitropoulou, Vasiliki Vasileiou, Vasiliki Sarantopoulou, Eleni Anastasiou
Purpose The objective of this retrospective study was to compare glycemic control, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treated with (a) insulin detemir and (b) insulin neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH). Methods A total of 192 women with GDM were included in the analysis. Ninety-eight women received detemir, while 94 women received NPH. Data regarding
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Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an overview with focus on its prevention and management Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Eleni Anastasilaki, Julien Paccou, Konstantinos Gkastaris, Athanasios D. Anastasilakis
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Machine learning-based prediction of risk factors for abnormal glycemic control in diabetic cancer patients receiving nutrition support: a case–control study Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Jee Yun Kim, Ji Min Han, Bona Yun, Jeong Yee, Hye Sun Gwak
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Flash glucose monitoring system in gestational diabetes: a study of accuracy and usability Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-23 Sara Campos Lopes, Ana Isabel Brito, Mariana Barbosa, Ana Catarina Matos, Maria Lopes Pereira, Ana Margarida Monteiro, Vera Fernandes
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Alterations in neuroendocrine axes in brain-dead patients Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Türkay Akbaş, Ayhan Öztürk
Purpose To identify changes in anterior pituitary gland hormone levels in brain-dead patients and alterations in free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine, cortisol, testosterone, and estradiol levels. Methods Ten postmenopausal women and 22 men with brain death (BD) were included. The first blood sample for determination of hormones (pre-BD) was collected when the clinician observed the first signs
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A roadmap to medical nutrition therapy in type 2 diabetes. Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Almog Shalit,Stavroula A Paschou,Theodora Psaltopoulou
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Obstructive sleep apnea and vitamin D: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Huai Heng Loh, Quan Hziung Lim, Waye Hann Kang, Anne Yee, Mei Ching Yong, Norlela Sukor
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Hepatokines: the missing link in the development of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in PCOS? Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Katerina Stefanaki, Ioannis Ilias, Stavroula A Paschou, Dimitrios S Karagiannakis
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Absence of anti–rabphilin-3A antibodies in children and young adults with idiopathic central diabetes insipidus: a potential clue to elucidating a tumor etiology Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Haruki Fujisawa, Takako Takeuchi, Akira Ishii, Jun Muto, Hotaka Kamasaki, Atsushi Suzuki, Yoshihisa Sugimura
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“You are my sunshine, my only sunshine”: maternal vitamin D status and supplementation in pregnancy and their effect on neonatal and childhood outcomes Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Dimitra Vasdeki, Georgios Tsamos, Theocharis Koufakis, Dimitrios G. Goulis, Byron Asimakopoulos, Vassiliki Michou, Vasileios Patriarcheas, Kalliopi Kotsa
Vitamin D (VD) plays a crucial role in regulating calcium homeostasis, while the wealth of its pleiotropic actions is gaining increasing research interest. Sufficient VD concentrations are of clinical relevance, particularly in the context of physiological alterations, such as those occurring during pregnancy when maternal VD is the sole source for the developing fetus. As a result, inadequate VD concentrations
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Management of type 2 diabetes in the new era Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Aris Liakos, Thomas Karagiannis, Ioannis Avgerinos, Konstantinos Malandris, Apostolos Tsapas, Eleni Bekiari
Purpose Management of type 2 diabetes is advancing beyond glycemic control and is increasingly based on cardiovascular risk stratification. This review summarizes recent advances in the field and identifies existing knowledge gaps and areas of ongoing research. Methods A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed for recently published cardiorenal outcome trials, relevant guidelines, and studies
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Differences in segmental hair cortisol concentration analysis among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity, their parents, and normal weight peers Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-09 Rosa-Anna Kitani, Nicolas C. Nicolaides, Aimilia Mantzou, Evi Chatzidaki, Maria Michou, Nektaria Polychronaki, Konstantina Letsou, Panagiota Pervanidou, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
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Studies on transgender medicine, exploring databases, and more on metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-01 Constantine A Stratakis
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Influence of thyroid autoimmunity at various clinical stages of hypothyroidism on the risk of miscarriage before 20 weeks of gestation Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Mohammed Ali Gameil, Rehab Elsayed Marzouk, Ahmed Hassan Elsebaie, Ahmed Abd EL-Hakim Arafat, Mohammed Ibrahim Abd El-Ghany
Purpose We aimed to clarify the influence of thyroid autoantibodies at various clinical stages of hypothyroidism on the risk of pregnancy loss before 20 weeks of gestation. Methods We enrolled 230 pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage. Detailed clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory testing of thyroid function, antithyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), and antithyroglobulin
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Obituary: Professor Menelaos Batrinos (1926–2022) Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Charis Liapi
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The effect of radioiodine therapy on blood cell count in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Ahmet Numan Demir, Zehra Kara, Cem Sulu, Serhat Uysal, Guldana Zulfaliyeva, Oznur Aydin Atar, Nahida Valikhanova, Tulin Ozturk, Hande Mefkure Ozkaya, Taner Damci, Mustafa Sait Gonen
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Serum levels of anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory adipocytokines, and copper levels in overweight and obese women in an adult Mexican population Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-21 Jacqueline Soto-Sánchez, Israel Martínez-Navarro, Gilberto Mandujano-Lázaro, María Judith Rios-Lugo, Héctor Hernández-Mendoza
Background An imbalance between adipokines and micronutrient concentrations, such as those of copper (Cu), has been linked to dysregulation of energy homeostasis leading to weight gain and the development of other comorbidities; however, information on this issue remains limited. Our aim was to investigate the correlation between Cu status and serum adipokine levels and their relationship in normal-weight
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Adropin may regulate corpus luteum formation and its function in adult mouse ovary Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-19 Shweta Maurya, Shashank Tripathi, Taruna Arora, Ajit Singh
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High cholesterol diet–induced testicular dysfunction in rats Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Luna Liu, Meijie Zhang, Fangjie Jiang, Dandan Luo, Shuang Liu, Yu Su, Qingbo Guan, Chunxiao Yu
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Temporary hypothyroidism in severe crush syndrome: a potential novel entity Hormones (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-19 Ahmet Burak Dirim, Gamze Ergun Sezer, Emine Uzun, Murvet Yilmaz
Background Thyroid hormone synthesis is a complex process in the human body. Although the thyroid gland is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, skeletal muscles also have crucial roles in thyroid hormone metabolism due to the deiodinase activities of the muscle cells. Hypothyroidism-related myopathy is a well-known entity. However, systemic effects of acute myopathies, such as rhabdomyolysis, on