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Skipping the Insect Vector: Plant Stolon Transmission of the Phytopathogen ‘Ca. Phlomobacter fragariae’ from the Arsenophonus Clade of Insect Endosymbionts Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Jessica Dittmer; Thierry Lusseau; Xavier Foissac; Franco Faoro
The genus Arsenophonus represents one of the most widespread clades of insect endosymbionts, including reproductive manipulators and bacteriocyte-associated primary endosymbionts. Two strains belonging to the Arsenophonus clade have been identified as insect-vectored plant pathogens of strawberry and sugar beet. The bacteria accumulate in the phloem of infected plants, ultimately causing leaf yellows
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Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Insects in 2020 Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Insects Editorial Office
Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Insects maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...]
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Use of Taxonomic and Trait-Based Approaches to Evaluate the Effect of Bt maize Expressing Cry1Ie Protein on Non-Target Collembola: A Case Study in Northeast China Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Bai-Feng Wang; Feng-Ci Wu; Jun-Qi Yin; Zhi-Lei Jiang; Xin-Yuan Song; Gadi V. P. Reddy
To evaluate the effect of Bt maize expressing Cry1Ie protein on non-target soil Collembola, a two-year field study was conducted in Northeast China. Bt maize line IE09S034 and its near isoline Zong 31 were selected as experimental crops; we investigated the collembolan community using both taxonomic and trait-based approaches, and elucidated the relationship between environmental variables and the
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Direct and Indirect Effect via Endophytism of Entomopathogenic Fungi on the Fitness of Myzus persicae and Its Ability to Spread PLRV on Tobacco Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Junior Corneille Fingu-Mabola; Thomas Bawin; Frédéric Francis
Aphids are major crop pests that transmit more than half of all insect-vectored plant viruses responsible for high yield losses worldwide. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are biological control agents mainly used by foliar application to control herbivores, including sap-sucking pests such as aphids. Their ability to colonize plant tissues and to interact with diverse plant pathogenic microorganisms have
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Pine Looper Bupalus piniaria (L.) Outbreaks Reconstruction: A Case Study for Southern Siberia Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Denis A. Demidko; Olga V. Trefilova; Sergey S. Kulakov; Pavel V. Mikhaylov
The pine looper Bupalus piniaria is one of the most widespread phyllophagous insect species across Northern Eurasia, defoliating Scots pine forests over vast territories. Since there are not enough long-term documented observations on a series of outbreaks, there is a need for methods allowing them to be reconstructed to study their dynamics patterns. Previously, dendrochronological methods were successfully
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Floral Plantings in Large-Scale Commercial Agroecosystems Support Both Pollinators and Arthropod Predators Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Eric G. Middleton; Ian V. MacRae; Christopher R. Philips
Beneficial insect populations and the services that they provide are in decline, largely due to agricultural land use and practices. Establishing perennial floral plantings in the unused margins of crop fields can help conserve beneficial pollinators and predators in commercial agroecosystems. We assessed the impacts of floral plantings on both pollinators and arthropod predators when established adjacent
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Predicting the Distribution of the Invasive Species Leptocybe invasa: Combining MaxEnt and Geodetector Models Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 Hua Zhang; Jinyue Song; Haoxiang Zhao; Ming Li; Wuhong Han
Leptocybe invasa is a globally invasive pest of eucalyptus plantations, and is steadily spread throughout China. Predicting the growth area of L. invasa in China is beneficial to the establishment of early monitoring, forecasting, and prevention of this pest. Based on 194 valid data points and 21 environmental factors of L. invasa in China, this study simulated the potential distribution area of L
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The Control of the American Leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch) in European Vineyards: Impact of Synthetic and Natural Insecticides Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Paola Tirello; Enrico Marchesini; Pamela Gherardo; Damiano Raniero; Filippo Rossetto; Alberto Pozzebon; Carlo Duso
The American leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata, detected in Europe in the early 2000s, has recently become a pest in North-Italian vineyards. Infestations were recorded in organic and conventional vineyards despite the application of insecticides targeting other pests. Erasmoneura vulnerata completes three generations per year, and the second generation is frequently associated with large populations
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Seasonal Activity, Spatial Distribution, and Physiological Limits of Subterranean Termites (Reticulitermes Species) in an East Texas Forest Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Mark Janowiecki; Edward L. Vargo
One of the major goals of ecology is to understand how co-habiting species partition limited resources. In the eastern U.S., at least three species of Reticulitermes subterranean termites often occur in sympatry; however, little is known about how these species divide food resources. In this study, we characterized the foraging activity of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), R. hageni Banks, and R. virginicus
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First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Melyridae (Coleoptera, Cleroidea): Genome Description and Phylogenetic Implications Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Lilan Yuan; Xueying Ge; Guanglin Xie; Haoyu Liu; Yuxia Yang
To explore the characteristics of the mitogenome of Melyridae and reveal phylogenetic relationships, the mitogenome of Cordylepherus sp. was sequenced and annotated. This is the first time a complete mitochondrial genome has beengenerated in this family. Consistent with previous observations of Cleroidea species, the mitogenome of Cordylepherus sp. is highly conserved in gene size, organization and
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Effects of Deformed Wing Virus Infection on Expressions of Immune- and Apoptosis-Related Genes in Western Honeybees (Apis mellifera) Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Wannapha Mookhploy; Sasiprapa Krongdang; Panuwan Chantawannakul
Honeybees are globally threatened by several pathogens, especially deformed wing virus (DWV), as the presence of DWV in western honeybees is indicative of colony loss. The high mortality rate is further exacerbated by the lack of effective treatment, and therefore understanding the immune and apoptosis responses could pave an avenue for the treatment method. In this study, DWV was directly injected
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Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases of Livestock in the Middle East and North Africa: A Review Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Nighat Perveen; Sabir Bin Muzaffar; Mohammad Ali Al-Deeb
Ticks are important vectors of an array of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens resulting in a wide range of animal and human diseases. There is limited information in the literature about tick species in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, even though they have suitable climate and vegetation for ticks and their hosts. We reviewed the occurrence of tick species and the pathogens
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Relicts from Glacial Times: The Ground Beetle Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz, 1823 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the Austrian Alps Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Wolfgang Paill; Stephan Koblmüller; Thomas Friess; Barbara-Amina Gereben-Krenn; Christian Mairhuber; Michael J. Raupach; Lukas Zangl
The last ice age considerably influenced distribution patterns of extant species of plants and animals, with some of them now inhabiting disjunct areas in the subarctic/arctic and alpine regions. This arctic-alpine distribution is characteristic for many cold-adapted species with a limited dispersal ability and can be found in many invertebrate taxa, including ground beetles. The ground beetle Pterostichus
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Sustainable Management Methods of Orchard Insect Pests Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Estrella M. Hernández-Suárez; Francisco Beitia
Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. The current need for sustainable resource management is increasingly urgent, as demand for agricultural commodities is rising rapidly as the world’s population grows [...]
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Morphology and Distribution of Antennal Sensilla in Three Species of Thripidae (Thysanoptera) Infesting Alfalfa Medicago sativa Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Yan-Qi Liu; Jin Li; Li-Ping Ban
Thrips are important pests to alfalfa Medicago sativa. Similar as many other plant-feeding insects, thrips rely on the antennae to receive chemical signals in the environment to locate their hosts. Previous studies indicated that sensilla of different shapes on the surface of insect antenna play an important role in signal recognition. However, morphological analysis of the antennal sensilla in Thysanoptera
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The Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Hungary: Survey of Ant Species with an Annotated Synonymic Inventory Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Sándor Csősz; Ferenc Báthori; László Gallé; Gábor Lőrinczi; István Maák; András Tartally; Éva Kovács; Anna Ágnes Somogyi; Bálint Markó
Ants (Hymenoptera: Forimicidae) are exceedingly common in nature. They constitute a conspicuous part of the terrestrial animal biomass and are also considered common ecosystem engineers. Due to their key role in natural habitats, they are at the basis of any nature conservation policy. Thus, the first step in developing adequate conservation and management policies is to build a precise faunistic inventory
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A Novel Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR) Assay to Detect the V1016G Knockdown Resistance Mutation Confirms Its Widespread Presence in Aedes albopictus Populations from Italy Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-17 Verena Pichler; Emiliano Mancini; Martina Micocci; Maria Calzetta; Daniele Arnoldi; Annapaola Rizzoli; Valeria Lencioni; Francesca Paoli; Romeo Bellini; Rodolfo Veronesi; Simone Martini; Andrea Drago; Claudio De Liberato; Arianna Ermenegildi; Joao Pinto; Alessandra della Torre; Beniamino Caputo
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genotyping of mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (vssc) associated with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is widely used and represents a potential early warning and monitoring system for insecticide resistance arising in mosquito populations, which are vectors of different human pathogens. In the secondary vector Aedes albopictus—an Asian species
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Comparison of New Kairomone-Based Lures for Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Italy and USA Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Michele Preti; Alan L. Knight; Riccardo Favaro; Esteban Basoalto; Marco Tasin; Sergio Angeli
Studies were conducted during the period 2019/2020 to evaluate the effectiveness of four lures for codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.) in pome fruits in Italy and the USA. Multi-component blends of sex pheromone ((E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, PH), pear ester ((E,Z)-2,4-ethyl decadienoate, PE), (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), and pyranoid linalool oxide (6-ethenyl-2,2,6-trimethyloxan-3-ol, LOX)
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The Genetic Basis for Salivary Gland Barriers to Arboviral Transmission Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Irma Sanchez-Vargas; Ken E. Olson; William C. Black
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) infect mosquito salivary glands and then escape to saliva prior to virus transmission. Arbovirus transmission from mosquitoes can be modulated by salivary gland infection barriers (SGIBs) and salivary gland escape barriers (SGEBs). We determined the influence of SGIBs and SGEBs by estimating the quantitative genetic contributions of Aedes aegypti half-sib families
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Intercropping Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) with Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum) Reduces Major Pest Population Densities without Impacting Natural Enemy Populations Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Xiao-wei Li; Xin-xin Lu; Zhi-jun Zhang; Jun Huang; Jin-ming Zhang; Li-kun Wang; Muhammad Hafeez; G. Mandela Fernández-Grandon; Yao-bin Lu
Intercropping of aromatic plants provides an environmentally benign route to reducing pest damage in agroecosystems. However, the effect of intercropping on natural enemies, another element which may be vital to the success of an integrated pest management approach, varies in different intercropping systems. Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), has been reported to be repellent to many
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Identification of Wild-Type CYP321A2 and Comparison of Allelochemical-Induced Expression Profiles of CYP321A2 with Its Paralog CYP321A1 in Helicoverpa zea Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Shengyun Li; Song Chen; Xingcheng Xie; Shuanglin Dong; Xianchun Li
One possible way to overcome the diversity of toxic plant allelochemicals idiosyncratically distributed among potential host plants is to have more counterdefense genes via gene duplication or fewer gene losses. Cytochrome P450 is the most important gene family responsible for detoxification of the diversity of plant allelochemicals. We have recently reported the identification and cloning of the transposon
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Reproductive Soldier Development Is Controlled by Direct Physical Interactions with Reproductive and Soldier Termites Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Yudai Masuoka; Keigo Nuibe; Naoto Hayase; Takateru Oka; Kiyoto Maekawa
In eusocial insects (e.g., ants, bees, and termites), the roles of different castes are assigned to different individuals. These castes possess unique phenotypes that are specialized for specific tasks. The acquisition of sterile individuals with specific roles is considered a requirement for social evolution. In termites, the soldier is a sterile caste. In primitive taxa (family Archotermopsidae and
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Distribution Patterns of Grasshoppers and Their Kin over the Eurasian Steppes Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Michael G. Sergeev
The main aims of this paper are to reveal general patterns of Orthoptera distribution in the Eurasian steppes, to evaluate long-term trends of changes in distribution of taxa and populations, and to estimate the potential for population changes relative to human activity and global warming trends. The main publications concerning diversity and distribution of these insects over the steppes are analyzed
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A De Novo Transcriptomics Approach Reveals Genes Involved in Thrips Tabaci Resistance to Spinosad Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Ran Rosen; Galina Lebedev; Svetlana Kontsedalov; David Ben-Yakir; Murad Ghanim
The onion thrip, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a major polyphagous pest that attacks a wide range of economically important crops, especially Allium species. The thrip’s damage can result in yield loss of up to 60% in onions (Allium cepa). In the past few decades, thrip resistance to insecticides with various modes of actions have been documented. These include resistance to spinosad,
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Contrasting Behavioral and Electrophysiological Responses of Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus and E. brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Volatiles Emitted from the Tree of Heaven, Ailanthus altissima Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Xiaojian Wen; Kailang Yang; Jaime C. Piñero; Junbao Wen
Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus and E. brandti (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are host-specific pests of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae), causing extensive damage to the host. There are no effective attractants available for pest management. The main aim of this study was to explore the role of host plant-derived volatiles in the behavioral response of both weevil species
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Heterocyclic Amine-Induced Feeding Deterrence and Antennal Response of Honey Bees Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Nicholas R. Larson; Scott T. O’Neal; Thomas P. Kuhar; Ulrich R. Bernier; Jeffrey R. Bloomquist; Troy D. Anderson
The productivity and survival of managed honey bee colonies is negatively impacted by a diverse array of interacting factors, including exposure to agrochemicals, such as pesticides. This study investigated the use of volatile heterocyclic amine (HCA) compounds as potential short-term repellents that could be employed as feeding deterrents to reduce the exposure of bees to pesticide-treated plants
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DDX6 Is Essential for Oocyte Development and Maturation in Locusta migratoria Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Junxiu Wang; Tingting Li; Sufang Deng; Enbo Ma; Jianzhen Zhang; Shuping Xing
DEAD-box protein 6 (DDX6) is a member of the DDX RNA helicase family that exists in all eukaryotes. It has been extensively studied in yeast and mammals and has been shown to be involved in messenger ribonucleoprotein assembly, mRNA storage, and decay, as well as in miRNA-mediated gene silencing. DDX6 participates in many developmental processes but the biological function of DDX6 in insects has not
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Permethrin Resistance in Aedes aegypti Affects Aspects of Vectorial Capacity Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-14 Tse-Yu Chen; Chelsea T. Smartt; Dongyoung Shin
Aedes aegypti, as one of the vectors transmitting several arboviruses, is the main target in mosquito control programs. Permethrin is used to control mosquitoes and Aedes aegypti get exposed due to its overuse and are now resistant. The increasing percentage of permethrin resistant Aedes aegypti has become an important issue around the world and the potential influence on vectorial capacity needs to
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Identification and Functional Analysis of Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor-1 (Apaf-1) from Spodoptera litura Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Haihao Ma; Xiumei Yan; Lin Yan; Jingyan Zhao; Jiping Song; Rong Peng; Yongbo Yang; Jianxin Peng; Kaiyu Liu
Apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) is an adaptor molecule, essential for activating initiator caspase and downstream effector caspases, which directly cause apoptosis. In fruit flies, nematodes, and mammals, Apaf-1 has been extensively studied. However, the structure and function of Apaf-1 in Lepidoptera remain unclear. This study identified a novel Apaf-1 from Spodoptera litura, named
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Liquid Baits with Oenococcus oeni Increase Captures of Drosophila suzukii Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Gordana Ðurović; Amani Alawamleh; Silvia Carlin; Giuseppe Maddalena; Raffaele Guzzon; Valerio Mazzoni; Daniel T. Dalton; Vaughn M. Walton; David M. Suckling; Ruth C. Butler; Sergio Angeli; Antonio De Cristofaro; Gianfranco Anfora
The spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), native to Eastern Asia, is an invasive alien species in Europe and the Americas, where it is a severe pest of horticultural crops, including soft fruits and wine grapes. The conventional approach to controlling infestations of SWD involves the use of insecticides, but the frequency of application for population
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First Report on Megaselia scalaris Loew (Diptera: Phoridae) Infestation of the Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Yunlin Tang; Qingyan Li; Li Xiang; Ruocheng Gu; Yanyan Wu; Yonghong Zhang; Xingrong Bai; Xiaohui Niu; Tian Li; Junhong Wei; Guoqing Pan; Zeyang Zhou
The invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda first emerged in China in January 2019 and has, to date, migrated to 29 provinces and municipalities in China, causing heavy crop damage in large areas. As a response to this invasive species from the environment, some indigenous natural enemies have been discovered and reported after S. frugiperda invasion. In this paper, parasitic flies were collected and identified
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Does Tap Water Quality Compromise the Production of Aedes Mosquitoes in Genetic Control Projects? Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Wadaka Mamai; Hamidou Maiga; Nanwintoum Sévérin Bimbilé Somda; Thomas Wallner; Odet Bueno Masso; Christian Resch; Hanano Yamada; Jérémy Bouyer
A mosquito’s life cycle includes an aquatic phase. Water quality is therefore an important determinant of whether or not the female mosquitoes will lay their eggs and the resulting immature stages will survive and successfully complete their development to the adult stage. In response to variations in laboratory rearing outputs, there is a need to investigate the effect of tap water (TW) (in relation
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Correction: Duso C.; et al. Colonization Patterns, Phenology and Seasonal Abundance of the Nearctic Leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch), a New Pest in European Vineyards. Insects 2020, 11, 731 Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Carlo Duso; Giulia Zanettin; Pamela Gherardo; Giulia Pasqualotto; Damiano Raniero; Filippo Rossetto; Paola Tirello; Alberto Pozzebon
Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. It has recently come to our attention that there were some mistakes in legends and figures reported in our study [...]
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Odorants of Capsicum spp. Dried Fruits as Candidate Attractants for Lasioderma serricorne F. (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Salvatore Guarino; Sara Basile; Mokhtar Abdulsattar Arif; Barbara Manachini; Ezio Peri
The cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne F. (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) is an important food storage pest affecting the tobacco industry and is increasingly impacting museums and herbaria. Monitoring methods make use of pheromone traps which can be implemented using chili fruit powder. The objective of this study was to assess the response of L. serricorne to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from
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Comparing Survival of Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus Infection among Stocks of U.S. Honey Bees Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Shilpi Bhatia; Saman S. Baral; Carlos Vega Melendez; Esmaeil Amiri; Olav Rueppell
Among numerous viruses that infect honey bees (Apis mellifera), Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) can be linked to severe honey bee health problems. Breeding for virus resistance may improve honey bee health. To evaluate the potential for this approach, we compared the survival of IAPV infection among stocks from the U.S. We complemented the survival analysis with a survey of existing viruses in
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Evaluation of Slug Refuge Traps in a Soybean Reduced-Tillage Cover Crop System Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Amy L. Raudenbush; Adrian J. Pekarcik; Van R. Haden; Kelley J. Tilmon
As more farmers adopt no- or reduced-tillage and/or cover crop land management practices, slugs have become more frequent pests of field crops, including soybean. Monitoring slugs visually is difficult because they are nocturnal, so several trapping methods have been developed, though comparisons of trap types are rare. The objective of this study was to compare trapping efficiency of two types of
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New Genera and Species of the Family Throscidae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Yan-Da Li; Di-Ying Huang; Chen-Yang Cai
Captopus depressiceps gen. et sp. nov., Electrothroscus yanpingae gen. et sp. nov. and Pseudopactopus robustus gen. et sp. nov. are reported from the mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. These new findings greatly extend the Mesozoic diversity of Throscidae, which implies a high degree of morphological disparity for this family in the Cretaceous.
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Ecology and Biology of Aquatic Insects Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Scott M. Starr; John R. Wallace
Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. The advancement of our knowledge on the ecology and biology of aquatic insects is essential to improving our understanding of their roles in water quality, disease ecology, as indicators of climate change, biodiversity, as well as community structure and ecosystem functioning [...]
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Bioactivity of Different Chemotypes of Oregano Essential Oil against the Blowfly Calliphora vomitoria Vector of Foodborne Pathogens Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Stefano Bedini; Priscilla Farina; Edoardo Napoli; Guido Flamini; Roberta Ascrizzi; Antonella Verzera; Barbara Conti; Lucia Zappalà
Blowflies play a substantial role as vectors of microorganisms, including human pathogens. The control of these insect pests is an important aspect of the prevention of foodborne diseases, which represent a significant public health threat worldwide. Among aromatic plants, spices essential oils (EOs) are the most suitable to protect food from insect pests. In this study, we determined the chemical
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Preparation of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Chitosan Film from Periplaneta americana Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Sicong Chen; Xunfan Wei; Zhuoxiao Sui; Mengyuan Guo; Jin Geng; Jinhua Xiao; Dawei Huang
Among different insects, the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) has been bred in industrial scale successfully as a potential resource of protein, lipid, and antibacterial peptide. However, the application of its chitosan has not been studied widely, which has hindered the sufficient utilization of P. americana. In this paper, the chitosan from P. americana was separated, characterized, and
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The First Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Lachninae Species and Comparative Genomics Provide New Insights into the Evolution of Gene Rearrangement and the Repeat Region Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Hui Zhang; Qian Liu; Congcong Lu; Jun Deng; Xiaolei Huang
Complete mitochondrial genomes are valuable resources for different research fields such as genomics, molecular evolution and phylogenetics. The subfamily Lachninae represents one of the most ancient evolutionary lineages of aphids. To date, however, no complete Lachninae mitogenome is available in public databases. Here we report the Stomaphis sinisalicis mitogenome, representing the first complete
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Use of a Managed Solitary Bee to Pollinate Almonds: Population Sustainability and Increased Fruit Set Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Jordi Bosch; Sergio Osorio-Canadas; Fabio Sgolastra; Narcís Vicens
Osmia spp. are excellent orchard pollinators but evidence that their populations can be sustained in orchard environments and their use results in increased fruit production is scarce. We released an Osmia cornuta population in an almond orchard and measured its population dynamics, as well as visitation rates and fruit set at increasing distances from the nesting stations. Honeybees were 10 times
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Population Dynamics of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Two Rural Villages in Southern Mexico: Baseline Data for an Evaluation of the Sterile Insect Technique Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Carlos F. Marina; J. Guillermo Bond; Kenia Hernández-Arriaga; Javier Valle; Armando Ulloa; Ildefonso Fernández-Salas; Danilo O. Carvalho; Kostas Bourtzis; Ariane Dor; Trevor Williams; Pablo Liedo
Indoor and outdoor ovitraps were placed in 15 randomly selected houses in two rural villages in Chiapas, southern Mexico. In addition, ovitraps were placed in five transects surrounding each village, with three traps per transect, one at the edge, one at 50 m, and another at 100 m from the edge of the village. All traps were inspected weekly. A transect with eight traps along a road between the two
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Pollinators on Cowpea Vigna unguiculata: Implications for Intercropping to Enhance Biodiversity Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Beatrice N. Dingha; Louis E. Jackai; Barbara A. Amoah; Clement Akotsen-Mensah
Pollinators are on the decline and loss of flower resources play a major role. This raises concerns regarding production of insect-pollinated crops and therefore food security. There is urgency to mitigate the decline through creation of farming systems that encourage flower-rich habitats. Cowpea is a crop that produces pollen and nectar attractive to pollinators. Twenty-four cowpea varieties were
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Monitoring Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Infestation in Soybean by Proximal Sensing Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 Pedro P. S. Barros; Inana X. Schutze; Fernando H. Iost Filho; Pedro T. Yamamoto; Peterson R. Fiorio; José A. M. Demattê
Although monitoring insect pest populations in the fields is essential in crop management, it is still a laborious and sometimes ineffective process. Imprecise decision-making in an integrated pest management program may lead to ineffective control in infested areas or the excessive use of insecticides. In addition, high infestation levels may diminish the photosynthetic activity of soybean, reducing
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Factors Affecting Thanatosis in the Braconid Parasitoid Wasp Heterospilus prosopidis Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-10 Mio Amemiya; Kôji Sasakawa
Thanatosis, also called death feigning, is often an antipredator behavior. In insects, it has been reported from species of various orders, but knowledge of this behavior in Hymenoptera is insufficient. This study examined the effects of sex, age (0 or 2 days old), temperature (18 or 25 °C), and background color (white, green, or brown) on thanatosis in the braconid parasitoid wasp Heterospilus prosopidis
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Field Screen and Genotyping of Phaseolus vulgaris against Two Begomoviruses in Georgia, USA Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-10 Gaurav Agarwal; Saritha Raman Kavalappara; Saurabh Gautam; Andre da Silva; Alvin Simmons; Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan; Bhabesh Dutta
The production and quality of Phaseolusvulgaris (snap bean) have been negatively impacted by leaf crumple disease caused by two whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses: cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV) and sida golden mosaic Florida virus (SiGMFV), which often appear as a mixed infection in Georgia. Host resistance is the most economical management strategy against whitefly-transmitted viruses. Currently
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Morphology of the Novel Basimandibular Gland in the Ant Genus Strumigenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-10 Chu Wang; Michael Steenhuyse-Vandevelde; Chung-Chi Lin; Johan Billen
In 1999, Barry Bolton postulated the presence of a basimandibular gland in the mandibles in all species of the ant genus Strumigenys, solely based on scanning microscopy observations. We now confirm the presence of this putative gland in the proximal outer part of the mandibles of 22 investigated species by histological and ultrastructural examination, including 10 short- and 12 long-mandibulate species
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Alarm Pheromone Responses Depend on Genotype, but Not on the Presence of Facultative Endosymbionts in the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Cesar Auguste Badji; Zoé Sol-Mochkovitch; Charlotte Fallais; Corentin Sochard; Jean-Christophe Simon; Yannick Outreman; Sylvia Anton
Aphids use an alarm pheromone, E-β farnesene (EBF), to warn conspecifics of potential danger. The antennal sensitivity and behavioural escape responses to EBF can be influenced by different factors. In the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, different biotypes are adapted to different legume species, and within each biotype, different genotypes exist, which can carry or not Hamiltonella defensa, a bacterial
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Hymenopteran Parasitoids of Aphid Pests within Australian Grain Production Landscapes Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Samantha E. Ward; Paul A. Umina; Sarina Macfadyen; Ary A. Hoffmann
In grain crops, aphids are important pests, but they can be suppressed by hymenopteran parasitoids. A challenge in incorporating parasitoids into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs, however, is that parasitoid numbers can be low during periods within the season when aphids are most damaging. Understanding the population dynamics of key aphid species and their parasitoids is central to ameliorating
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Biodiversity and Spatiotemporal Variation of Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Tropical Forest of Thailand Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Sirapat Yotkham; Piyawan Suttiprapan; Natdanai Likhitrakarn; Chayanit Sulin; Wichai Srisuka
Longhorn beetles are highly diversified and important for agriculture and health of the environment. However, the fauna and ecology of these beetles are not well known in Thailand. This study is the first to report the biodiversity, elevation, and seasonal distribution of longhorn beetles. Specimens were collected by malaise traps from 41 localities in 24 national parks throughout the country during
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Land-Use Effect on Olive Groves Pest Prays oleae and on Its Potential Biocontrol Agent Chrysoperla carnea Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 João Frederico Alves; Sara Mendes; António Alves da Silva; José Paulo Sousa; Daniel Paredes
Olive growing has been intensified through the simplification of agricultural landscapes. In order to rethink the environmental drawbacks of these practices, conservation biological control techniques have been examined. In this work, Prays oleae and its natural enemy Chrysoperla carnea were monitored to account for the effects of the amount and diversity of different land-uses. We found that C. carnea
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Pathogenicity and Side Effect of Indigenous Beauveria bassiana on Coccinella undecimpunctata and Hippodamia variegata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Samy Sayed; Sayed-Ashraf Elarrnaouty; Saad Al-Otaibi; Mohamed Salah
This study aimed to estimate the virulence of an indigenous Beauveria bassiana on all developmental stages of two indigenous coccinellids; Coccinella undecimpunctata and Hippodamia variegata through three application methods; direct spray, contact method, and feeding on aphids treated with the fungus (ingestion). Also, indirect effect on all developmental stages resulted from 1st larval instar treated
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Effect of Benzoylphenyl Ureas on Survival and Reproduction of the Lace Bug, Leptopharsa gibbicarina Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Luis Carlos Martínez; Angelica Plata-Rueda; José Eduardo Serrão
The lace bug, Leptopharsa gibbicarina is a vector of Pestalotiopsis fungal complex in oil palm crops in the Americas. The effects of four benzoylphenyl ureas (BPUs) (lufenuron, novaluron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron) were evaluated against L. gibbicarina for toxicity, survival, reproduction, and mortality in semi-field conditions. Concentration-mortality bioassays demonstrated that novaluron (LC50
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Interaction between the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) and Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch (Parastagonospora nodorum) on Wheat Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Belachew Asalf; Andrea Ficke; Ingeborg Klingen
Wheat plants are under constant attack by multiple pests and diseases. Until now, there are no studies on the interaction between the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi and the plant pathogenic fungus Parastagonospora nodorum causal agent of septoria nodorum blotch (SNB) on wheat. Controlled experiments were conducted to determine: (i) The preference and reproduction of aphids on P. nodorum inoculated and non-inoculated
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Modernizing the Toolkit for Arthropod Bloodmeal Identification Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Erin M. Borland; Rebekah C. Kading
Understanding vertebrate–vector interactions is vitally important for understanding the transmission dynamics of arthropod-vectored pathogens and depends on the ability to accurately identify the vertebrate source of blood-engorged arthropods in field collections using molecular methods. A decade ago, molecular techniques being applied to arthropod blood meal identification were thoroughly reviewed
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Variation in Expression of Reference Genes across Life Stages of a Bee, Megachile rotundata Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Junhuan Xu; Dennis L. Welker; Rosalind R. James
The alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata is widely used in the western United States as a pollinator for alfalfa seed production. Unfortunately, immatures experience high mortality in agriculturally managed populations. Quantified gene expression could be used to identify how this bee responds during different life stages to pathogens, environmental toxins, and other stresses, but stably expressed
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Effect of Temperature on Heart Rate for Phaenicia sericata and Drosophila melanogaster with Altered Expression of the TrpA1 Receptors Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Nicole T. Marguerite; Jate Bernard; Douglas A. Harrison; David Harris; Robin L. Cooper
The transient receptor potential (TrpA—ankyrin) receptor has been linked to pathological conditions in cardiac function in mammals. To better understand the function of the TrpA1 in regulation of the heart, a Drosophila melanogaster model was used to express TrpA1 in heart and body wall muscles. Heartbeat of in intact larvae as well as hearts in situ, devoid of hormonal and neural input, indicate that
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The Fractal Geometry of the Nymphalid Groundplan: Self-Similar Configuration of Color Pattern Symmetry Systems in Butterfly Wings Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Joji M. Otaki
The nymphalid groundplan is an archetypical color pattern of nymphalid butterflies involving three major symmetry systems and a discal symmetry system, which share the basic morphogenesis unit. Here, the morphological and spatial relationships among these symmetry systems were studied based on cross-species comparisons of nymphalid hindwings. Based on findings in Neope and Symbrenthia, all three major
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Use Them for What They Are Good at: Mealworms in Circular Food Systems Insects (IF 2.22) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Hartmut Derler; Andrea Lienhard; Simon Berner; Monika Grasser; Alfred Posch; René Rehorska
Future food systems must provide more food produced on less land with fewer greenhouse gas emissions if the goal is to keep planetary boundaries within safe zones.